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Workplace Aggression: a Multi-Study Examination of Work and Nonwork Consequences Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses Spring 5-22-2015 Workplace Aggression: A Multi-Study Examination of Work and Nonwork Consequences Caitlin Ann Demsky Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the Applied Behavior Analysis Commons, and the Industrial and Organizational Psychology Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Demsky, Caitlin Ann, "Workplace Aggression: A Multi-Study Examination of Work and Nonwork Consequences" (2015). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 2338. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.2335 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. Workplace Aggression: A Multi-Study Examination of Work and Nonwork Consequences by Caitlin Ann Demsky A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Applied Psychology Dissertation Committee: Charlotte Fritz, Chair Donald M. Truxillo Lauren S. Simon Wayne W. Wakeland Portland State University 2015 © 2015 Caitlin Ann Demsky MULTI-STUDY EXAMINATION OF WORKPLACE AGGRESSION i Abstract Workplace aggression has been associated with a number of detrimental employee and organizational outcomes, both at work and away from work. This dissertation includes three studies that expand our knowledge of the implications of workplace aggression in the work and nonwork domains. Further, this research illuminates the processes through which this relationship occurs by utilizing various sources of data from employees in a variety of contexts including universities, long term health care, and the USDA Forest Service. In Study 1, which was published in the Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, multi-source data are utilized to identify the indirect effects of coworker- reported workplace aggression on self and significant-other reported work-family conflict via self-reported psychological detachment from work. Study 2 identifies an indirect effect of workplace aggression on parental warmth via increased perceived stress utilizing longitudinal data from the Work, Family, and Health Network. Finally, Study 3 utilizes data from the USDA Forest Service to examine associations between workplace aggression and safety outcomes. Workplace aggression was found to be associated with increased resource depletion (i.e., rumination, cognitive failure) and decreased workplace safety (i.e., increased workplace accidents, decreased safety compliance). Workplace aggression was indirectly associated with safety participation and workplace injuries via cognitive failure and rumination, respectively. Safety climate, an organizational resource, moderated the relationship between rumination and safety behaviors. Finally, the indirect effect of coworker aggression on safety compliance via rumination was found to be conditional on low levels of safety climate, while the indirect effect of supervisor MULTI-STUDY EXAMINATION OF WORKPLACE AGGRESSION ii aggression on safety participation via rumination was also found to be conditional on low levels of safety climate. The current body of work provides implications for developing workplace interventions to reduce negative outcomes of workplace aggression, such as general stress management and recovery from work interventions. Several avenues for future research are suggested as well, including examining objective health outcomes of workplace aggression, utilizing longitudinal designs, and identifying additional moderators of the association between workplace aggression and employee outcomes. MULTI-STUDY EXAMINATION OF WORKPLACE AGGRESSION iii Acknowledgements There are a number of individuals to whom I owe countless thanks for their support throughout this process. I would like to express my immense gratitude to my dissertation chair and advisor, Dr. Charlotte Fritz, for her mentorship and unwavering support throughout my graduate career. I would also like to thank my dissertation committee members, Drs. Donald Truxillo, Lauren Simon, and Wayne Wakeland, for their support, feedback, and guidance throughout this process. Finally, I would like to thank Dr. Leslie Hammer for her support and guidance over the past five years. I am also incredibly grateful for my partner, friends, family, and colleagues, who have provided an endless amount of support, encouragement, guidance, and much-needed distraction throughout the years. Though this process was not often easy, each of you contributed to making it quite an enjoyable and memorable endeavor. Finally, I would like to acknowledge the National Science Foundation for providing me with a generous source of funding through a Graduate Research Fellowship, which has allowed me a great deal of academic and intellectual freedom over the past three years. I would like to acknowledge the Work, Family, and Health Network for providing access to the data found in Study 2, and would also like to thank my collaborators at the USDA Forest Service for their time, energy, and participation in Study 3 of this dissertation. MULTI-STUDY EXAMINATION OF WORKPLACE AGGRESSION iv Table of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................ i Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ iii List of Tables .......................................................................................................................v List of Figures .................................................................................................................... vi Chapter 1: Introduction ........................................................................................................1 Chapter 2: Theoretical Background ...................................................................................14 Chapter 3: Shrugging it Off: Does Psychological Detachment from Work Mediate the Relationship between Workplace Aggression and Work-Family Conflict? ......................21 Chapter 4: Extending the Examination of Nonwork Outcomes of Workplace Aggression: A Longitudinal Examination..............................................................................................55 Chapter 5: The Role of Perceived Stress in the Relationship between Workplace Aggression and Parenting: Evidence from the Work, Family, & Health Network ...........57 Chapter 6: Examining Understudied Work Outcomes of Workplace Aggression: Associations with Safety ....................................................................................................83 Chapter 7: Workplace Aggression and Occupational Safety: A Moderated Mediation Model .................................................................................................................................85 Chapter 8: General Discussion.........................................................................................139 References ........................................................................................................................154 Appendix: Items for Study #3 ..........................................................................................177 MULTI-STUDY EXAMINATION OF WORKPLACE AGGRESSION v List of Tables Table 3.1 Means, Standard Deviations, and Correlations among Study Variables ...........41 Table 3.2 Hierarchical Regression Analyses Predicting WFC from Workplace Aggression & Psychological Detachment .............................................................................................44 Table 3.3 Bootstrapped Mediation Analyses .....................................................................46 Table 5.1 Means, Standard Deviations, and Correlations among Study Variables ...........74 Table 5.2 Bootstrapped Mediation Analyses .....................................................................76 Table 7.1 Means, Standard Deviations, and Correlations among Study Variables .........116 Table 7.2 Hypothesis 4: Bootstrapped Mediation Analyses ............................................122 Table 7.3 Summary of Results........………………………………………………….....129 MULTI-STUDY EXAMINATION OF WORKPLACE AGGRESSION vi List of Figures Figure 1.1 Summary model of the relationships examined in the enclosed dissertation. ..10 Figure 3.1 Hypothesized relationships among study variables. .........................................35 Figure 4.1 Summary model of the proposed relationships examined in Study 2. .............56 Figure 5.1 Hypothesized relationships among study variables. .........................................69 Figure 6.1 Summary model of the proposed relationships examined in Study 3. .............84 Figure 7.1 Diagram of proposed moderated mediation model. .......................................108 Figure 7.2 Exploratory analysis: Relationship between coworker aggression and safety compliance, moderated by cognitive failure. ...................................................................121 Figure 7.3 Hypothesis 6e. The relationship between rumination and workplace accidents moderated by safety climate. ...........................................................................................124 Figure 7.4 Hypothesis 6g. The relationship between rumination
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