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Study on Owlet Moths (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) from District Khairpur Mir’S Pakistan

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Study on Owlet Moths (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) from District Khairpur Mir’S Pakistan Pure Appl. Biol., 10(4):1379-1387, December, 2021 http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2021.100143 Research Article Study on owlet moths (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) from district Khairpur Mir’s Pakistan Paras Soomro1, Abdul Manan Shaikh1, Waheed Ali Panhwar1*, Khadim Hussain Memon1, Safdar Ali Ujjan1, Javed Ahmed Ujjan1, Zaib Un Nisa Memon1, Majeeda Ruk1 and Shabana Mangi1 1. Department of Zoology, Shah Abdul Latif University Khairpur Mirs Sindh, Pakistan *Corresponding author’s email: [email protected] Citation Paras Soomro, Abdul Manan Shaikh, Waheed Ali Panhwar, Khadim Hussain Memon, Safdar Ali Ujjan, Javed Ahmed Ujjan, Zaib Un Nisa Memon, Majeeda Ruk and Shabana Mangi. Study on owlet moths (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) from district Khairpur Mir’s Pakistan. Pure and Applied Biology. Vol. 10, Issue 4, pp1380-1387. http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2021.100143 Received: 25/01/2021 Revised: 26/03/2021 Accepted: 12/04/2021 Online First: 22/04/2021 Abstract Noctuidae or owlet moths are group of robust moths. The name of this family is taken from the way that night species have eyes, with reflect light with and an orange gleam. Most species are dim to cocoa in color frequently with dim and light spots on the forewings. They are nocturnal and are normally attracted to lights those larvae of Noctuidae have tufts of short abounds and might be brilliantly colored. Most are foliage feeders and the insatiable hungers of few species have turned them to serious pest of wide range of crops and thus they are known as army- worms and cutworms. Extensive surveys were carried out to collect Noctuidae fauna of district Khairpur Mirs. A total of 221 specimens were captured and were identified into 11 genera and 15 species of Noctuidae i-e: Mythimna unipuncta, (Haworth, 1809), Mythimna impura (Hübner, 1808), Heliothis adaucta Butler, 1878, Heliothis peltigera (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775), Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel, 1766), Agrotis exclamationis (Linnaeus, 1758), Meterana pansicolor (Howes, 1912), Meterana alcyone (Hudson, 1898), Spodoptera litura (Fabricius, 1775), Grammodes stolida (Fabricius, 1775), Graphania pagaia (Hudson, 1909), Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner, 1808), Heliothis armigera (Hübner, 1808) Dipaustica epiastra (Meyrick, 1911) and Dysgonia algira, Linnaeus in 1767. Beside this, description for species along with digital images were also provided for easily identification of species. Present study is an initiative step towards the biodiversity of Noctuidae fauna of district Khairpur Mir’s. Keywords: Biodiversity; Lepidoptera; Noctuidae; Species; Taxonomy Introduction important pollinators and additionally Moths and butterflies belongs to order being a standout among severe harming to Lepidoptera are phytophagous insects and agricultural crops [5]. Nearly six thousand are considered as prime insects in the world species of Lepidoptera are regarded as [1]. There are about (15,5000) well known financial importance [6]. species found worldwide [2, 3]. Mostly, Around one fourth of these have a place Lepidopteran are distinctive group of with the Noctuidae. In spite of the fact that insects in ecosystem, consuming plants, the countless species can be assigned as larvae as well as adult feed on nectar [4]. pests [7], named the pests clade, many more They act as herbivorous, predators and are taken over the entire family Noctuidae Published by Bolan Society for Pure and Applied Biology 1380 Soomro et al. in more than five hundred (500) genera. insatiable hungers of few species have These caterpillars of numerous noctuid turned them to serious pest of wide range of genera cause commercial loss yearly [8]. crops and thus they are known as army- Also, these grown up of a few genera harm worms and cutworms [16]. The distribution crops having fruit by perforating the stains of Noctuidae from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to slurp juices [9, 10]. and the noctuidae are severe pests of Taxonomic isolation of Lepidoptera has agricultural crops. Beside this, they been on the premise of morphological reported first presence of P. xyllostella from characters, for example, labial palpi, KPK Pakistan [17]. reception apparatus structure and wing In any case, numerous species of Noctuidae venation etc. as of the late significance of have minor organs in their ear that react to outer genital morphology the lepidopteran bat echolocation calls, sending their wing scientific categorization and phylogeny has muscles into fit and bringing about the been well recognized [11]. A few moths to dash inconsistently. This guides examinations have been made on the the moths in side stepping the bats [18,19]. general external morphology of various As Noctuidae are an important agricultural lepidopteran groups such as systematic point view, hence keeping in view importance of the male genitalia in micro importance, study is designed to conduct on Lepidoptera [12]. The morphological the noctuid moths of district Khairpur. significance of juxta in the male genitalia of Materials and Methods Lepidoptera and considered loss of juxta to The study was conducted from various check out high level of genitalia areas of district Khairpur. Khairpur district specialization piece [13]. Significance of is located at the south of Indus river with genitalia at the particular level and latitude 27o 32’N and longitude 68o 46’E. communicated the view that within Moths were captured from light traps and reversion examines, more prominent by using traditional insect net from the reliance ought to be set on the inner numerous zones of district Khairpur. Moths genitalia [14]. were killed in insect killing jars comprising Noctuidae or owlet moths are group of potassium cyanide (KCN). The insects robust assembled moths that incorporates were pinned on thorax through insects’ more than 35,000 known species out of pins. The moths were properly labelled with 100,000 species in more than 42,00 genera information place of collection, collection they constitute the biggest family in the date, collector name and name of the host Lepidoptera, with 1,450 species found in plant. Identification of moths was carried Europe [15]. The name of this family is out with the help of literature and dissection gotten from the way that night spices have of genitalia [11, 14]. The scheme for eyes, with reflect light with and an orange extraction of genitalia of moths given by gleam. This is biggest family comprised of (Eyer 1926) was adopted. Firstly, species with a various scope of attribute and abdominal part of moths was separated and in that capacity a general interpretation is kept discretely in KOH (Potassium too difficult. They are little to a substantial hydroxide) overnight to remove extra moth with a wing span extending in size muscles severely sclerotized samples were from 10 to 170 millimetres relying upon the boiled for 10-15 min. and then wash away species. Most species are dim to cocoa in in water for 5 minutes [9]. The important color frequently with dim and light spots on diagnosis characters were noted and the forewings. Most of species are photographs were captured with the help of nocturnal and are normally attracted to “BD-45T1 trinocular Stereo Microscope”. lights those larvae of Noctuidae have tufts Results of short abounds and night be brilliantly Systematics position colored. Most are foliage feeders and the Kingdom: Animalia 1381 Pure Appl. Biol., 10(4):1379-1387, December, 2021 http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2021.100143 Phylum: Arthropoda armigera a widely distributed species. This Class: Insecta species deposits it eggs in tender leaves Order: Lepidoptera where they hatch in 03 to 07 days. The Superfamily: Nocutuidea hatched larvae feed on fresh leaves as Family: Noctuidae scrapers and as they grow thus feed chew Family Noctuidae leaves and causing severe agricultural loss Noctuidae is second largest family of to the crop. Agrotis ipsilon is also moths in order Lepidoptera and have great considered as persistent pest for the green economic importance. Adult moths vary in lands and trees worldwide. Initially their size from small to medium, having 10 to 40 larvae feed on foliage later on the shoots of mm wing span. Head of noctuids protrude grass and often feeding on surface of stems. beyond the eyes making “snout” shape. Noctuidae species Labial palps extended and mouth parts of During present study 221 moth specimen most of species are enlarged. were captured then were identified into 15 Pest status species of Noctuidae (Table 1 & Fig. 1). Many species of Noctuidae are polyphagous in nature such as Helicoverpa Table 1. Showing Noctuidae species S. No. Name of species Location 1 Mythinma unipunta Nara 2 Mythinma impure Khairpur mir’s 3 Heliothis adaucta Herberium SALU 4 Heliothis peltigera Khairpur mir’s 5 Agrotis ipsilon Khairpur mir’s 6 Agrotis exclamtionis Zoology SALU 7 Meterana pansicolor Khairpur Mir’s 8 Meterana Alcyone Zoology SALU 9 Spodoptera litura Khairpur Mir’s 10 Gramodes stolida Khairpur proper 11 Graphania pagaia Nara 12 Helicoverpa armigera Kingri 13 Heliothis armigera Khuhra 14 Dipaustica epiastra Thari meer wah 15 Dysgonia algira Zoology SALU 1382 Soomro et al. Mythinma unipunta Mythimna impura Heliothis adaucta Heliothis peltigera Agrotis ipsilon Agrotis exclamationis Meterana pansicolor Meterana alcyone Spodoptera litura Grammodes stolida Graphania pagaia Helicoverpa armigera Heliothis armigera Dipaustica epiastra Dysgonia algira Fig. 1. Showing the owlet moths of Khairpur Mirs Sindh Pakistan Description of Noctuidae species (Fig. 1) blackish dots on its edge and pointed at its Mythimna unipuncta, (Haworth, 1809) apex region. Numerous whitish dots present Diagnosis on center and darker area. Many gray tints Wing span of adult is about 04 centimeters available on hind wings. The genitalia of in length. Anterior part of frontal wing with 1383 Pure Appl. Biol., 10(4):1379-1387, December, 2021 http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2021.100143 this species is elongated and truncate at its Material examined apical margins. Sindh Khairpur Mir’s several specimen Material examined 9.x.2018. Pakistan, ♀♂ Sindh Province Khairpur Agrotis exclamationis (Linnaeus, 1758) Mir’s, 1.vii.2018.
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