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Polymorphism and Distribution of Ceratoserolis Trilobitoides (Eights, 1833) (Crustacea, Isopoda) in the Weddell Sea and Synonymy with C Cornuta (Studer, 1879)

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Polymorphism and Distribution of Ceratoserolis Trilobitoides (Eights, 1833) (Crustacea, Isopoda) in the Weddell Sea and Synonymy with C Cornuta (Studer, 1879) Polar Biol (1986)6:127-137 ^^ O ojioio © Springer-Verlag 1986 Polymorphism and Distribution of Ceratoserolis trilobitoides (Eights, 1833) (Crustacea, Isopoda) in the Weddell Sea and Synonymy with C cornuta (Studer, 1879) Johann-Wolfgang Wagele Arbeitsgruppe Zoomorphologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universitat Oldenburg, D-2900 Oldenburg, Federal Republic of Germany Received 26 June 1985; accepted 3 April 1986 Summary. A rich collection of Ceratoserolis trilobitoides Bremerhaven in a temperature-controlled container. To study pigmen­ from the Antarctic Peninsula and the western and south­ tation and behaviour living specimens were photographed on board. Drawings were prepared with a stereomicroscope "Wild M5" and a ern Weddell Sea is evaluated to describe the poly­ camera lucida. morphism and variations of the pigmentation. The spe­ Several hundred specimens of C. trilobitoides were caught, in 43% cies is very variable, though local populations show a of all samples (between 20 and 1,145 m depth) this species was present relatively homogenous morphology. Transitional forms (for distribution see Fig. 1). The sampling method allows no further connect different morphotypes. Presumably the relative quantitative analysis. For comparison of morphological variations populations from the immobility of these animals, together with low fecundity following stations were studied: and geographical or hydrographical barriers are respon­ 62°38.81'S 55°45.20'W, depth 277 m (north of Joinville Island, Brans- sible for the evolution of local races. C cornuta and the field Strait), 62°8.84'S 58°0.46'W, depth 449 m (entrance of Admira- "colour-species" of Cals (1977) are synonymized with C. lity Bay, King George Island), 60°42.40'S 45°33.07'W, depth 86 m (off Signy Island), 72°30.35'S 17°29.88'W, depth 240-254m (Vestkapp), trilobitoides. 74°39.25'S 25''18.86'W, depth 605-610 m (northeast of Halley Bay), 77°42.25'S 36°48.09'W, depth 1,145 m (Filchner-depression), 77°31.67'S 42°12.42'W, depth 592- 630 m (Gould Bay). Introduction For comparison the following material, previously described by Studer (1879, "Gazelle"-collection) and Sheppard (1933, "Discovery"- During the expeditions 1982/83 and 1984/85 oi RV collection) was used: Polarstern among the soft-bottom benthic crustaceans of "Serolis cornuta": specimens from Kerguelen, 47°52'S 66°41'E, the Weddell Sea the conspicuous seroUd isopods could be "Gazelle"-collection (Zoologisches Museum Berlin, Kat. Nr. 4601); k collected in large numbers. These are carnivorous ani- "Discovery" station 363 (B.M.N.H. 1934. 10. 16.: 809-810) and "Discovery" station 164 (B.M.N.H. 1934. 10. 16.: 811-814). mals which Uve, often half buried, on the sandy or mud­ "Serolis trilobitoides": "Discovery station 170 (B. M. N. H. 1934. dy sea-floor. The biggest species, Ceratoserolis trilo­ 10. 16.: 845-846), "Discovery" station 172 (B.M.N.H. 1934. 10. 16.: bitoides, a disc-shaped animal, has an obvious variation 847-850). of colour pattern, which has been described already by Cals (1976, 1977), who erected four new species on the base of pigments and cuticular scales. To estimate the validity of these species a study of polymorphism based Results on a large number of specimens became necessary. In the present study the morphotypes of populations from the A) Distribution Weddell Sea and the Antarctic Peninsula are described and causes for the variations and the systematic con­ Figure 1 shows the new localities. C, trilobitoides has sequences are discussed. previously been found at the Antarctic Peninsula, the South Shetlands and South Orkneys, but not in the Wed­ dell Sea. Figure 2 shows the places from which the Material and Methods species is known so far. It colonizes an enormous area, from the subantarctic Crozet-Islands (Studer 1879) to the Samples of benthos were collected from R V Polarstern during the sea floor under the Ross Ice Shelf (Lipps et al. 1979); it expeditions 1982/83 and 1984/85 by means of an Agassiztrawl. In­ has a circumpolar distribution. The Patagonian localities vertebrates were sorted out on deck by hand, sediment was washed through a 1 mm-sieve. During the last expedition living specimens were (Eights 1833) are dubious, possibly other serolids were immediately placed in aquaria, wherein they were transported to taken for C. trilobitoides. New discoveries from this area 128 60 S 60S 70 S -70 S Fig. 1. The new localities where C. trilobitoides was found (Antarctic Peninsula and Weddell Sea) are not known, though some authors have foUowd the earlier statements (e.g. Nordenstam 1933). C. trilobitoides is obviously a species which prefers soft bottom and therefore is not present on some shallow littoral areas. It has been found in depths between 24 and 950 m (see Kussakin 1967, 1982). In the Polarstern col­ lections it was present in the area of the Antarctic Peninsula at depths between 86 and 449 m (shallowest station: 20 m, Admirality Bay, King George Island; no station deeper than 449 m), in the Weddell Sea between 198 and 1,145 m (no deeper station). So the species is eurybath; we do not know to which maximal depth it penetrates the bathyal continental ^ slope. B) Polymorphism Polymorphism was studied in populations from the Ant­ arctic Peninsula to the southern Weddell Sea. A statistical comparison of the animal's size is not very in­ structive, for this purpose the samples are too small. Nevertheless it seems that in some localities distinct dif­ ferences exist: near Signy Island (South Orkneys) adult males measured 50 to 63 mm length, ovigerous females 52 to 62 mm; equivalent sizes from Admirality Bay (King 15^ George Island, South Shetlands) are 60-67 mm and 66 - 73 mm, in the Gould Bay (southern Weddell Sea) 57 - 78 mm and 60 - 78 mm. Comparing the quotient length: width, no clear trend was discernible, variations Fig. 2. Authors mentioning the occurrence of C. trilobitoides: 1 Cals within the samples are too great (examples for the 1977; 2 Cleret 1973; 3 Eights 1833; 4 Hale 1937; 5 Hale 1952; 6 Hodg­ quotient length/width: Signy Island: in males from 0.94 son 1910; 7 Kussakin 1967; 8 Kussakin and Vasina 1982; 9 Lipps et al. 1979; 10 Monod 1926; II Nierstrasz 1931; 12 Richardson 1913; to 0.98, in ovigerous females from 1.04 to 1.11; 13 Sheppard 1933; 14 Sheppard 1957; 75 Studer 1879; 75 present paper Admirality Bay: in males 1.09-1.12, in ovigerous 129 females 1.04-1.10; Gould Bay: in males 1.08-1.18, in The features of the pleotelson show similar regional ovigerous females 1.16-1.38). Generally animals are trends: at the more northern sites the mediodorsal keel slightly longer than wide, some specimens from Signy bears only few and large spines, especially around Signy Island are sUghtly wider than long. Island; the pleotelsonic apex has clearly a longer point Those features used by Sheppard (1933) and than in specimens from the southwestern and southern Carvacho (1977) to describe the differences between C. Weddell Sea (in Table 1: quotient (length of pleotelson cornuta and C. trilobitoides show an important variabili­ minus caudal point)/(length of caudal point). In the ty. The pleotelsonic mediodorsal spines and the structure southern localities the number of lateral and mediodorsal of the two dorsal lobes of the cephalothorax, which spines increases, the spines are smaller. adorn the area between the eyes, have within a single The animals from the Bransfield Strait (Fig. 3) bear a population a relatively uniform appearance. Figures 3 to singular feature: a pair of dorsal spines is present on both 9 show for each locality these details from a selected sides of the pleotelsonic keel. In no other locality could adult male and a mature female. this structure be found. A striking feature is the sexual dimorphism of the The diagonal ridges on the anterior pleotelson show cephalothoracic lobes in the population from Admirality an increased number of small tubercles in specimens Bay (King George Island), where the male specimens from the southern Weddell Sea. have a relatively smooth caudal surface of these lobes, Some features of the figured specimens are summa­ while some deep notches are present in females. This di­ rized in Table 1. morphism was also noted, though less pronounced, in In general terms, the populations from the more specimens from Signy Island. While in the populations northern localities have similar features, some of these from the western shelf of the Weddell Sea the lobes of are accentuated in the animals from Signy Island (num­ both sexes are relatively smooth, the lobes of specimens ber of spines); the other extreme to the latter morphotype from Filchner depression, Gould Bay and Bransfield is found in the Filchner-depression, with related morpho- Strait (north of Joinville Island) have deep posterior types east and west of it. The population from Vestkapp notches. has an intermediate position. But not only both extremes Fig. 3. Features of C. trilobitoides. Left side: male (M), right side: oovigerous female (F). Above: ceph­ alothorax in dorsal view; center: pleotelson in lateral view; below: pleotelson and first 3 pleonites in dor­ sal view. Locality: Bransfield Strait 130 Fig. 4. Features of C. trilobitoides (arrangement as in Fig. 3). Locality: Admirality Bay, King George Island have very characteristic peculiarities, as already men­ The propodus bears 2 rows of composite spines, one tioned for the pair of telsonic spines in the population of which is longer (hatched in Fig. 10); distally between from Bransfield Strait. both rows a single spine is present (marked with "x" in Searching for further features the subchelate male Fig. 10). Groups of similar morphotypes cannot be pereopod 2 has been compared.
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