Dynamics of Socio–Economic Development of Districts of Western Uttar Pradesh, India
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) Special Issue-7: 838-843 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Special Issue-7 pp. 838-843 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Dynamics of Socio–Economic Development of Districts of Western Uttar Pradesh, India Sarvesh Kumar1*, K. K. Mourya1, Ravi Prakash Gupta1 and S. N. Singh2 1Department of Agriculture Statistics, Narandra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad, U. P., India 2SMS (Agril. Ext,) KVK, Masodha, Faizabad, Narandra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Kumarganj, Faizabad, U. P., India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Development process of any system is dynamic in nature and depends on large number of parameter. This study attempted to capture latest dynamics of development of districts of Western Uttar Pradesh in respect of three dimensions-Agriculture, Social, and K e yw or ds Infrastructure. Techniques adopted by Narain et al., (1991) have been used in addition to principal component and factor analysis. Ranking seems to very close to ground reality and Composite index, provides useful information for further planning and corrective measures for future Developmental indicator, Factor development of Western Uttar Pradesh’s district. The composite indices (C.I) of analysis, Principal development in respects of 18 developmental indicators for the total 26 districts of component Weastern Uttar Pradesh have been estimated for the year 2011-12. The district analysis, Socio- Muzzfarnagar was showed a higher level of development (C.I = 0.81) in agriculture economic development as compared to social development in Districts Hathrus (C.I = 1.32) and infrastructure development Districts G.B Nagar (C.I =0.17). District G.B Nagar secured First position in the Agricultural development and Second Position Infrastructural development (C.I =0.82) and (C.I = 0.92). Introduction Development is a dynamic concept and Economic planning of the country is aimed needs continuous evaluation. Socio- at bringing about maximum regional economic development is one of the most development and reduction in regional important concerns in developing countries. disparities in the pace of development. Since some regions are economically Programmes of development have been developed but backward socially, whereas taken up in the country in a planned way some other are developed socially and through various five year micro-level. remain backward economically-such During the six, seventh and eight plans, the scenario exists in Western Uttar Pradesh. previous programmes of development were Socio-economic development is to improve carried on presently plans. The green the quality of life of people by creation of revolution in the agriculture sector and appropriate infrastructure, among others for commendable progress on the industrial industry, agriculture, and environments. front has certainly increased the overall total 838 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) Special Issue-7: 838-843 production, but there is no indication that For focusing the attention of scientists, these achievements have been able to reduce planners, policy makers and administrators substantially the regional inequalities in the on the regional disparities of socio economic level of development. Although resource development in the country, a seminar was transfers are being executed in backward organized jointly by the Planning region of country, it has been observed that Commission, Government of India and State avoidable regional disparities exist in terms Planning Institute, Government of Uttar of socio- economic development and are not Pradesh from April 22 to 24, 1982. declining over time. Realizing the seriousness and importance of the problems of estimation of level of Since independence, the country has development, the Indian Society of implemented various five year plans and few Agricultural Statistics conducted a series of annual plans for enhancing the quality of life research studies in this direction. It is now of people by providing basic necessities for felt that repetitive studies are necessary to effective improvement in their social and quickly assess the dynamics and alert the economic well-being various area concerned persons on time for taking development programmes were launched corrective measures. It is now felt that a during the fifth plan, with one of the aims to wider study covering Districts of Western reduce regional disparities at developments Uttar Pradesh could be very informative. programmes covering agriculture, Therefore, the present investigation has been employment generation, population control, proposed with the objectives to find out literacy, health, environment, provision of general profile, development index and basic amenities etc. are in the process of disparities by way of tabular analysis and development. As result of six decades of suitable statistical techniques regarding planned development and policies, overall Agriculture and Infrastructure Western Utter improvement in the economic condition has Pradesh. taken place. The structure of national and state economics has been changed Materials and Methods significantly. The socio-economic condition of the masses has considerably been Development indicator improved. The literacy level, housing condition, quality of life have gone up. But Each district faces situational factors of the level of development has not been development unique to it as well as common uniform at any level. The Inter and Intra- administrative and financial factors. Factors differences in the economic structure have common to all the districts have been taken become more sharp and noticeable. as the indicators of development. Consequently, certain areas went ahead leaving other lagged behind. The green The composite indices of development for revolution in the agriculture sector has different districts have been obtained by enhanced the crop productivities and using the data on the following development commendable progress in the industrial front indicators:- Percentage of net area irrigated, has increased the quantum of manufactured average productivity of food grains (q/h), goods. The structure of the economy has per capita consumption of electricity (kw/h), undergone certain changes. But a regional gross value of agricultural produce per disparity has also been aggravated here hectare of net area sown, cropping intensity which opens up a vista of research. in percentage, number of private tube well, 839 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) Special Issue-7: 838-843 number of registered factories per lacks the minimum value of the indicator population, percentage of electrified depending upon the direction of the impact villages, percentage of literacy rate, number of indicator on the level of development. For of post office per lacks population, number obtaining the pattern of development Ci of th of telephone connection per lacks i districts, first calculate Pij as follows population, number of cooperative bank, 2 number of primary school per lacks Pij = (Zij –Zoj) (2) population, number of junior high school per lacks population, number of intermediate Pattern of development is given by college per lacks population, number of 1 / 2 commercial bank, canals irrigation of net k C = P / CV area in hectare. A total of seventeen i ij j j=1 development indicators have been include in (3) the analysis. These indicators are the major interacting component of development. Out Where, (CV)j = Coefficient of variation in th of these seventeen indicators six indicators Xij for j indicator. are directly concerned with agriculture development and the rest eleven indicators Composite index of development (Di) is describe the availability of social and given by infrastructural facilities in the districts. Di = Ci / C for i = 1, 2, …, n Method of analysis Smaller value of Di will indicate high level Method of estimation of composite index of development and higher value of Di will of development by prem narain et al., indicate low level of development. Let [Xij] be data matrix giving the values of Principal Component Analysis th the variables of i district. Where i = 1, 2… n (number of districts) and j = 1, 2… k Principal component analysis (PCA) is a (number of indicators). mathematical procedure that uses orthogonal transformation to convert a set of For combined analysis [Xij] is transferred to observations of possibly correlated variables [Zij] the matrix of standardized indicators as into a set of values of linearly uncorrelated follows variables called principal components. The number of principal components is less than or equal to the number of original variables. X ij X j Z ij This transformation is defined in such a way S j (1) that the first principal component has the largest possible variance (that is, accounts th for as much of the variability in the data as Where, Sj = Standard deviation of j possible), and each succeeding component X indicator, j = mean of the jth indicator in turn has the highest variance possible under the constraint that it be orthogonal to From [Zij], identify the best value of each (i.e., uncorrelated with) the preceding indicator. Let it be denoted as Zoj. The best components. Principal components are value will be either the maximum value or guaranteed to be independent if the data set 840 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2018) Special Issue-7: 838-843 is jointly normally distributed. PCA is 2011-12. Besides these are in top