Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey
Looking south-east across compartment Yellow 5 towards Creag Mheadhonach
A Report on an Archaeological Walkover Survey Prepared for Scottish Woodlands Limited
Nick Lindsay B.Sc, Ph.D Tel: 01408 621338 Sunnybrae West Clyne e-mail: [email protected] Brora Sutherland KW9 6NH April 2018 Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey Contents
1.0 Executive Summary ...... 2 2.0 Introduction...... 3 2.1 Background ...... 3 2.2 Objectives ...... 3 2.3 Methodology ...... 3 2.4 Limitations ...... 3 2.5 Setting ...... 4 3.0 Results ...... 5 3.1 Desk-Based Assessment ...... 5 3.2 Field Survey ...... 11 4.0 Conclusions...... 24 5.0 Recommendations ...... 25 References ...... 26 Appendices ...... 27
1 Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey 1.0 Executive Summary
An archaeological desk-based study and walk-over survey of a widespread area around Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey, was undertaken in April 2018. The survey was required by Scottish Woodlands Ltd in order to establish the extent of archaeological remains in advance of proposed tree planting.
Pityoulish is situated in the modern-day parish of Abernethy and Kincardine (formerly just Kincardine) on the east bank of the River Spey, approximately 3km to the north-east of the centre of Aviemore (see Appendix I). The site is accessed from the B970, this section of which runs from Coylumbridge to the south to Nethybridge to the north.
The survey resulted in the discovery of 35 archaeological features/sites, only four of which had previously been recorded on the Highland Council Archaeology Unit’s Historic Environment Record (HER) and none of which are regarded as being more than of local significance.
2 Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey 2.0 Introduction
2.1 Background
Scottish Woodlands proposes to plant trees in several discrete compartments around Pityoulish. Prior to this, they commissioned a desk-based assessment and subsequent walk-over survey to record and survey any archaeological remains present in the areas and assess the impact which the proposal may have on the archaeology.
2.2 Objectives
The objectives of this survey were to:
• Identify the historic environment baseline within the proposal area.
• Assess the proposed development in terms of the historic environment potential.
• Consider the potential impacts of construction and operation of the proposed development on the historic environment.
• Propose measures (where appropriate) to mitigate any predicted adverse impacts.
2.3 Methodology
A desk-based study was made of the Highland Council’s Historic Environment Record (HER), as well as Historic Environment Scotland’s Canmore online database, in conjunction with many other available resources, in order to identify any known and/or visible archaeology. Google Earth was also consulted prior to the survey to get an overview of any archaeology likely to be encountered.
The subsequent walkover survey adhered to the principles set out in The Highland Council’s ‘Standards for Archaeological Work’ and Forestry Commission Scotland’s ‘Historic Environment Resource Guide’, using the most recent Ordnance Survey maps with a hand-held Garmin GPS unit for GPS co-ordinates, and a pocket compass clinometer was used for 3600 whole circle bearings and slope gradients.
2.4 Limitations
The majority of the compartments were open grassed fields, although three compartments (Yellow 1, 4 and Green 2) was extensively covered in broom and Green 5 was rough grass. There were few possible limitations to finding archaeology on the ground, although the survival of any significant upstanding remains had been minimised by extensive and intensive agricultural ploughing.
It must be borne in mind, however, that archaeology may still lie concealed beneath the ground surface within the areas examined.
GPS co-ordinates are found to differ from Ordnance Survey National Grid co-ordinates generally by around 10m (can be up to 18m) to the SSW. This may pose local problems when relating recorded features to large-scale OS maps. GPS accuracy is wholly determined by the ability to access available satellites by line of sight. This ability can be reduced by proximity to hillsides and valley-sides and also by tree cover.
3 Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey 2.5 Setting
Pityoulish is described as a farmsteading in the Ordnance Survey Name Book of 1876-78. It lies above the east bank of the River Spey and its surrounding area comprises a series of relatively level grassed fields separated by areas of hummocky ground which is less suitable for agriculture and is set to woodland or scrub. The land rises gently to the south-east, towards the rough ground of the lower slopes of the Cairngorm massif.
The 19 compartments, which are the subject of this survey, are accessed from the B970, which runs south-west to north-east and dissects the survey area. There are 9 compartments on its north- west side and 10 on the south-east (see Appendix II).
The area is now sparsely habited, but map evidence suggests that there has been a long-lived and rich human habitation history in the wider area, from as far back as the Neolithic period.
Early colonisers would have grown subsistence crops and would have hunted on the hillsides and fished in the rivers and it clearly shows that several communities would have been able to sustain an existence in this area.
Following the establishment of the larger farms, such as Pityoulish, at the end of the 18th Century, and the associated agricultural improvement, the sites would have been used for growing crops and grazing of livestock and some small areas have already been made over to forestry plantations.
4 Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey 3.0 Results
3.1 Desk-Based Assessment
3.1.1 Historic Environment Record/Canmore
Initial consultation of the Highland Council’s Historic Environment Record (HER) and Historic Environment Scotland’s Canmore online database showed that there are 4 recorded sites within the survey areas, though several others lie just outwith.
The nearest Scheduled Ancient Monument is the Pityoulish Barrow Cemetery, which is just to the south-east of the north-east end of compartment Green 3.
3.1.2 Aerial Photographs
After online consultation with Google Maps and Bing Maps, several other features were identified which warranted a field visit. The most substantial of these were in compartments Yellow 2, Green 5 and Green 6.
3.1.3 Documentary Evidence
The name Pityoulish derives from the Gaelic Peit gheollais, or 'Portion of bright station' (Watson, 1926).
The ancient church of Kincardine, 2km to the north-east of Pityoulish dates back to at least the 12th Century (Law, quoting from Forsyth), when the Barony of Kincardine was occupied by the Comyns. Alexander, ‘the Wolf of Badenoch’, was given these lands by his father, King Robert II, after the King had displaced the Comyns.
A slight variation on the passing of the Comyns is found in an article in the Banffshire Journal & Advertiser of 18th August, 1863. It informs that the Comyns were dislodged by the Shaws after an event which occurred at the Hill of Calart (sic.), less than 0.5km to the south-east of compartment Yellow 1. It was here, in a hollow in the heather, that Shaw ‘Buck-tooth’ waylaid and murdered the last of the Comyns in Badenoch and the place was known thereafter as Lag-nan- Cumineach.
Kincardine became part of the Duke of Gordon’s estate in the 17th Century and was largely turned over to sheep farming when the 4th Duke’s nephew inherited the estate in 1836. This involved the removal of small tenants and the destruction of the small settlements which appear on Roy’s map (see inset below).
A notice to creditors of Lieutenant James Stewart, which appeared in the Inverness Courier of 17th September, 1828, states that his whole property is to be assigned to Captain Patrick Cruickshank. A further notice in the Courier on 29th April, 1829, advertises a sale of farm stock and other effects belonging to Lieutenant James Stewart at the Farm of Pityoulish, then in 1833 Stewart placed an advert in the Courier inviting tenders from contractors to build a new house, steading and offices at the Farm of Pityoulish.
The 1841 census shows that Captain Patrick Cruickshank, then aged 60, was living as a Farmer at Pityoulish, with his wife, Margaret and 4 servants, however, a notice for his sequestration appeared in the Edinburgh Gazette in April 1846 shows that he went bankrupt.
5 Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey The 1851 census has Donald Shaw, 25 years old and unmarried, as a Farmer of 150 acres, employing 6 Agricultural Labourers, a Dairy Maid and a House Maid.
The next occupier at Pityoulish appears to be Lewis Dunbar, as his advert for the sale of hogs there appeared in the Inverness Courier of 16th March, 1854. Dunbar was a JP and was also appointed as a Commissioner of the Peace for the County of Elgin in September 1855. In 1857, Dunbar made arrangements with the City of Glasgow Banking Company to open a new branch at Fort Augustus, which necessitated him leaving Pityoulish and in August 1860 an advert appeared in the Courier offering Pityoulish House for let.
At the time of the 1861 census, no tenants appear at Pityoulish, with the only people there being Farm Servants. By 1869, Dunbar had returned to stay back at Pityoulish, as there is a Christmas party for his tenants hosted by his wife.
The Ordnance Survey Name Book, accompanying the 1st edition map of 1871, describes Pityoulish as ‘a large farmsteading, the dwelling house is two stories high and slated and out offices are thatched, both are in excellent repair. Property of the Duke of Richmond’.
Dunbar’s grandson, Lewis Maxwell Dunbar saw active service with the 5th Dragoon Guards in the Boer War in South Africa. He was at the siege of Ladysmith and was severely wounded during the campaign and he was royally welcomed home by his tenants in August 1902.
The Dundee Courier of 2nd November, 1929 carries a notice informing that the Pityoulish Estate had been acquired by Sir Hector Ogilvy, of Baldovan, Dundee.
3.1.4 Maps
The current Ordnance Survey map depicts the sites mainly as open arable fields, but there are some smaller areas of rough ground and marsh also.
Investigation into maps of earlier origins sheds more light; William Roy’s ‘Military Survey of Scotland’, of 1747-55 (inset, below), depicts several townships on the east bank of the River Spey, including Pittolies (sic.), and their associated cultivation strips and natural woodland.
Pityoulish
6 Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey The 1st Edition Ordnance Survey map of 1871 (inset, below), shows a roofed building at the south- east corner of compartment Yellow 1 and another roofed building and enclosure at the Lochan Bain Ferry in the southern corner of compartment Yellow 2. No other structures appear in any of the other compartments.
These buildings do not appear on the following Ordnance Survey 2nd Edition map of 1900.
3.1.5 Archaeological Timescales (from Am Baile)
Stone Age – 10,000 to 4,400 Years Ago About 10,000 years ago, Scotland lay under a great sheet of ice. As the climate slowly warmed and the ice retreated, people were already living in the area, hunting, fishing and where possible gathering wild plants and fruits. The retreating glaciers left behind boulders and mud, which would soon be colonised by grasses and shrubs. Trees followed - hazel and birch at first, followed by oak and pine. A rich variety of animals were attracted and the seas and lochs had fish in plenty.
The retreat of the Ice marks the end of the Palaeolithic (Old Stone Age), whose primitive stone tools have been found in southern England. Evidence of Palaeolithic people and the Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age) is thought to have been lost through ice action in Scotland. This is characterised by shell middens - heaps of debris containing many seashells as well as stone and bone tools. Middens have been found in Skye, Argyll, and Wester Ross dating to around 8,000 years ago. A working site, where stone tools were being made, has now been found at Oliclett in Caithness.
From about 6,000 years ago people began to settle and farm the land. This change brings in the Neolithic (New Stone Age), and the creation of the first monuments. Great burial cairns were built overlooking the cultivated land in which the bones of tribal ancestors were collected together. Good examples of chambered cairns can be seen at Camster, Cnoc Freicadain, Yarrows (Caithness), Achcoillenaborgie (Strathnaver), Clava (Inverness), Vatten, Kensaleyre, Rudh' an Dunain and Kilmarie (Skye) and other places. Some of these are round and others are long, but they all have chambers inside to hold the ancestors. At the end of the Neolithic, about 4,400 years ago, great enclosures and stone circles were being built. The magnificent examples at Callanish in Lewis or the Ring of Brodgar in Orkney are well known. In Highland we have the sophisticated Clava Cairns near Inverness where burial cairns are surrounded by stone circles and attached to them by stone rays.
7 Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey Bronze Age – 4,400 to 2,600 Years Ago From about 4,400 years ago travelling metalworkers introduced ornaments and tools made of copper and then bronze (copper and tin mixture), bringing in the Bronze Age. A bronze-worker's open air workshop has been found on the Island of Eigg and a hoard of buried axe-heads has been found in Lochaber. It is an interesting fact that the nearest sources of copper and tin are many hundreds of miles away from the Highlands. The great monuments of the late Neolithic continue into the middle Bronze Age, around 3,500 years ago, after which there was a change to individual burials of important people only. These are often set in stone boxes or 'cists' and have pottery or other finds buried with them. Sometimes they are found inserted into earlier burial cairns.
Some buried evidence of large communal houses dating to the Neolithic has been found, but from the middle Bronze Age we start to get visible evidence in the landscape of round houses (the overgrown stone footings are known as 'hut circles'). These are often surrounded by groups of stone clearance heaps where land has been used for growing crops. Woodland that had grown up since the end of the Ice Age was now being felled in earnest. The climate had improved to a point that it was warmer than it is today. Many hut circles are in areas that are now too high and cold for cultivation.
Iron Age – 2,600 to 1,500 Years Ago The weather seems to have worsened towards the end of the Bronze Age (about 2,700 years ago), and upland houses and fields became abandoned to the encroaching peat. At the same time we find the first clear evidence of conflict - hillforts with great ramparts to protect people and their animals from attack. Some hillfort ramparts in Highland, especially around the Moray Firth, have been set on fire and burned so fiercely that the stones have fused together. This is known as vitrification and it can be seen at Craig Phadraig, Inverness, or Knockfarrel, Dingwall. It is not known why or how this was done. Recent experiments have failed to establish the answer.
At the same time, iron working was being introduced. This requires much higher temperatures to work than bronze but the result is much harder and more durable. Hut circles continue through the Iron Age, and increasingly we find evidence of field boundary walls as well as groups of clearance heaps.
The Roman Empire never conquered the Highlands but nevertheless there was a sophisticated local culture here which traded with the Romans. Caithness is the heartland of the broch, a uniquely Scottish type of round stone tower with hollow walls dating from about 200 BC to 200 AD. Some of these have been excavated and have produced traded Roman finds. The finest brochs to visit in Highland are in Glenelg. At Rubh an Dunain on Skye, there is a broch-like stone wall defending a rocky headland, and a variety of other types of Iron Age fort, many of them called duns, are found. Often these make use of natural defensive features such as sea-cliffs.
Duns and brochs were not just for defence. They also indicated the status of the chief who lived there. Crannogs for example would have had limited defensive potential in an age of boat transport as they were houses built on artificial islands, in lochs. Many of these local centres of power seem to have continued in use well into the medieval period - there are references to crannogs still being occupied in the 16th Century.
Another curious type of site associated with the Iron Age is the souterrain. This is a curved underground tunnel built of stone slabs. There are good examples in Skye, Sutherland, and at Easter Raitts in Badenoch. We do not know what they were built for originally but later they seem to have been used for storage and for hiding from enemies. The entrances to souterrains often seem to lead from the inside of houses.
From the 4th Century AD the people of northern Scotland were being referred to by Roman writers as 'Picti' - painted people. These people produced characteristic symbols which are found carved on stone and also on finds of jewellery from the period. Pictish stones are found all over the
8 Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey Highlands, but there is a concentration in the east. Some of the great Pictish carved cross-slabs such as those in Easter Ross are magnificent works of art dating to the 8th - 10th Centuries AD, with influences from Northumbria, Ireland, and Scandinavia. These combine Pictish and Christian symbolism.
The Medieval Highlands - 1,500 to 500 Years Ago Christianity was introduced into the area from Ireland in the latter half of the 6th Century AD. There are many sites associated with early Christian activity, many of them including the place name elements Cille or Kil and Annat. St Maelrubha founded a monastery at Applecross in 673 AD. His grave is supposed to be marked by the Red Priest's stone in Strathnaver, although this is disputed. The early Tarbat monastery at Portmahomack in Easter Ross has been excavated over the last few years by York University, who have found evidence of a range of craft activities including making parchment for manuscripts.
Viking raids began at the end of the 8th Century, and it seems likely that Tarbat was burned down. The Vikings arrived from Norway by way of Shetland and Orkney, and they soon began to settle many coastal areas. Caithness, the coastal areas of Sutherland and Wester Ross, and the Hebrides all came under Norse control as can be seen from many surviving place names. The Hebrides transferred from the Kingdom of Norway to the Kingdom of Scotland after the battle of Largs in 1266, but Orkney and Shetland did not become part of Scotland for another 200 years. Even today the Caithness dialect shows Scandinavian influences. Dingwall was the Thing-vollr, the local Norse parliament, as survives today in the Isle of Man's Tynwald.
The Highlands lay on the great trading seaway from Scandinavia to Ireland, France and Spain, and at Smoo Cave (Sutherland) boat fittings have been found where ships have put in to refit before or after rounding Cape Wrath. Today however there are few Norse archaeological sites that can be visited in Highland. In Caithness there are the remains of extensive settlements hidden beneath sand dunes, and Old St Peter's Church in Thurso has a runic stone built into its wall. Near Thurso can be seen the remains of the Castle of the Norse Bishops at Scrabster and near Wick is the square stone tower of the Castle of Auld Wick. Many local chiefs continued to occupy Iron Age forts.
The later Middle Ages, from about 1200 to about 1550 AD, were dominated by the attempts of the kings of Scotland to establish their power over the highlands, including the Earldom of Orkney in Caithness and Sutherland, and the Lordship of the Isles in the west. The Lords of the Isles were the successors to the largely independent kingdom of Man and the Isles. In an attempt to divide and rule, chief was set against chief. The insecurity of the times encouraged the growth of the clan system. There are still many castles surviving from this period built by clan chiefs: on Skye alone there are Duntulm, Dunvegan, Brochel, Knock, Dun Sgathaich and Castle Maol. Anglo-Norman lords such as the De Morays in Sutherland and the St Clairs (Sinclairs) in Caithness were granted estates in the area, and they too established castles. Alexander Stewart, the 'Wolf of Badenoch' had his at Ruthven, where fragments of wall can still be seen beneath the 18th Century barracks. Towns such as Inverness were also established as centres of trade and royal power. These burghs were however confined to the east, around the Moray Firth - there do not seem to have been any foundations in the west.
King James IV repeatedly visited the shrine of St Duthac at Tain in the early 16th century, combining pilgrimage with political expediency. Medieval kings could made use of church organisation to help them establish control in their territories. The bishopric of Ross was established by the 12th Century with its centre initially in Rosemarkie, later at Fortrose Cathedral.
However in much of the Highlands it was also a time of flourishing Gaelic culture and learning, with extensive links to Ireland, the Isle of Man, and continental Europe. Medical science, music, poetry and art all received patronage from clan chiefs. St Columba's Isle, near Skeabost on Skye was the cathedral of the Bishops of Sodor (i.e. Sudreyar, the Norse Southern Isles) and Man until they moved to Iona in 1499.
9 Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey Apart from castles and the remains of a few churches, there is little later medieval archaeology that can be seen today. Most houses seem to have been built using wood, peat, and thatch and most household items were also made of organic materials. Everything was recycled. However it seems very likely that many remains of deserted villages dating to the 18th and 19th Centuries are sitting on top of earlier houses and fields: once you have cleared the stones from the land in the Highlands, why move unless you have to?
The 'Post-Medieval' Period - 500 Years Ago to Modern Times In the 17th Century, the Covenanter Wars left battle sites at Auldearn and Carbisdale, and Montrose was imprisoned after his defeat at Ardvreck Castle in Sutherland. Oliver Cromwell established forts to control the Great Glen, including one at Inverness, now almost disappeared except for one corner of the rampart still visible in Lotland Street near the harbour. Cattle droving began to develop as a way of life - Highlanders could raise cattle and sell them on to drovers who took them to markets in central and southern Scotland and on to England. In the early - mid 19th Century many drovers and cattlemen emigrated to become the cowboys of the American West.
In 1688, King James VII (II of England) was ejected by his daughter Mary and son in law (and cousin) William Prince of Orange. There followed a series of uprisings to restore James and his heirs, whose supporters were known as Jacobites (Latin Jacobus - James). Following the rising of 1715, the British Government began a national mapping programme, the Ordnance Survey, and also a programme of military road building to control the Highlands. These roads generally followed droving routes and were to form the basis of the modern road network. Barracks were built at Ruthven in Badenoch and Bernera in Glenelg, and major new Forts were built at Fort William, Fort Augustus, and near Inverness at Fort George at Ardersier. This last is still in active military use, although also open to the public. In 1745 the Jacobite army under James's son Bonnie Prince Charlie used the military road over the Corrieyairack Pass on its way south, and finally assembled at Ruthven Barracks to disband after the defeat at Culloden. Not all Highlanders supported the Jacobites, but all suffered the consequences after the '45, as the British Government made serious attempts to destroy the local culture. The lands of Jacobite clan chiefs were confiscated and given to government supporters or sold.
However, for over two hundred years successive kings and governments had already been encouraging Highland chiefs to see themselves as landlords rather than leaders of men. Many of them were now living beyond their means and looking for increased income to support their lifestyles. As the Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions took off in England and southern Scotland, tenants found themselves evicted to make way for large-scale commercial sheep farming to supply the woollen industry and the new urban markets. Estate owners meanwhile built new houses and monuments. Around the Cromarty Firth, a grain trade developed and girnals (storehouses) were built by the shore like that at Foulis. Attempts to introduce new employment meant the establishment of fishing stations like Ullapool and Pultenytown (Wick), as well as engineering and mining enterprises at Brora. The slate quarries at Ballachulish in Lochaber supplied much of Scotland with roofing, while Caithness flagstones came to pave the streets of towns and cities around the Empire. However for many people there was terrible hardship, especially after a series of famines in the 1840s, many emigrated, leaving their villages deserted.
At the same time, the mid-19th Century saw the growth of a romantic Highland image promoted by Sir Walter Scott and others, and so admired by Queen Victoria. It also saw a rapid decline in the sheep prices after the end of the Napoleonic War. These both encouraged the development of shooting and fishing estates in the highlands where the wealthy could 'get away from it all' among the hills and moors. Some of these survive, but in other cases they have given way to other forms of land management. They have left shooting butts and lodges and other features in the landscape. Railways encouraged the growth of tourism, and Strathpeffer developed as a spa village where people arrived to take the waters.
10 Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey 3.2 Field Survey
This report contains information on any existing recorded archaeology from a comprehensive desk-based assessment. It also details any archaeological remains discovered during the field survey, which may be affected by the proposed operations.
Included at the start of each feature is:
First Line • Feature/Find Number, unique to this report • Feature/Find Type • Site Name • Possible Age or Period
Second Line • Ordnance Survey National Grid Reference • GPS Reading Accuracy in metres • Compartment Reference Number
Third Line • Highland Council HER Reference Number
Fourth Line • Whether Feature Appears on Ordnance Survey Map • Plate No
3.2.1 Field Results
The site was visited on April 9th and 10th, 2018. The weather was bright becoming overcast, with light rain on the 10th, with a moderate easterly breeze.
In total, there were 35 archaeological features recorded throughout the 19 compartments, 31 of which had not been recorded before. A further 5 features, just outwith the compartments, were also recorded. Two of these had not been recorded before.
All features are plotted on the Feature Location Aerial Photograph of Appendix II and tabulated in the Summary Table of Features of Appendix IV. Previously recorded sites are tabulated in Appendix III
Glossary of Features:
Dyke marks a boundary between separate areas, usually of stone or turf construction Head Dyke encloses a township Township collection of buildings; dwelling or non-dwelling Mound distinct small area of raised ground Tattie Pit hole in the ground for storing potatoes etc over winter Clearance Cairn cairn of stones/boulders piled up after removal from areas to be cultivated Building former thatched/turfed roofed structure with stone/turf walls; can be a dwelling or non-dwelling Kale Yard cultivated area for kale etc enclosed by a stone dyke, which is attached to a dwelling Lambing Pen small structure made and used by shepherds to retain a ewe and its lamb
11 Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey together after birth Enclosure area of ground enclosed by a dyke, used for cultivation, or retention of animal stock Outshot part of building, usually a dwelling, built out from the main side wall, often on the north elevation, possibly for use as a larder Corn-Drying Kiln building used specifically for the drying of grain over a stone-lined bowl, using hot air drawn through a flue from a fire in its lower section Shieling small dwelling constructed of stone or turf, with thatched/turfed roof, occupied only in summer, by women and children looking after stock on the high grazing grounds
Feature 1. Pit. Pityoulish. ? Grid Reference: 291714 814007 (7m – adjacent to tree cover). Compartment: Yellow 1. HER Reference: Not previously recorded. Not on OS maps. Plate 1.
A 4m diameter pit, 0.8m deep is situated in heathery scrub and light birch tree cover. Its purpose is unclear.
Feature 2. Borrow Pit. Pityoulish. ?20th Century Grid Reference: 291464 813711 (5m). Compartment: Yellow 1. HER Reference: Not previously recorded. Not on OS maps. Plate 2.
A 19m x 14m sock-shaped borrow pit, 2m deep is situated in heathery scrub and light birch tree cover adjacent to the B970 public road. It opens to the south, towards the road and was probably associated with its construction.
Feature 3. Building. Pityoulish. ? Grid Reference: 291422 813592 (5m). Compartment: Yellow 1. HER Reference: MHG25050. On OS 1st edition map. Plate 3.
The footings of a rectangular building which corresponds to the building depicted on the OS 1st edition map, which the HER records as being called Callard Dyke. It measures 15m x 4.5m and its walls stand 0.3m high and 0.7m wide and its side walls trend 018o. It is set on a slight ridge, with its southern gable against the dry-stone dyke which extends from Loch Pityoulish in the east to the River Spey in the west.
Feature 4. Fishing Pool Nameplate. Pityoulish. Modern Grid Reference: 290889 813735 (5m). Compartment: Yellow 2. HER Reference: Not previously recorded. Not on OS maps. Plate 4.
A small upright slab of stone carries the painted name ‘The March’, defining the name of a fishing pool on the River Spey. It is set around 10m from its east bank on the edge of a grassy field.
12 Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey Feature 5. Bank. Pityoulish. ?19th Century. Grid Reference: 290857 814126 (5m). Compartment: Yellow 2. HER Reference: Not previously recorded. Not on OS maps. Plate 5.
A 20m x 2m grass-covered bank, standing 1m high acts as a flood barrier between a breach in a natural river gravel terrace. It was probably constructed to protect the lower lying arable ground to its south-east.
Feature 6. Bank. Pityoulish. ?19th Century. Grid Reference: 291314 814276 (5m). Compartment: Yellow 3 & 4. HER Reference: Not previously recorded. On OS 1st & 2nd edition maps. Plate 6.
An 80m x 3m grass-covered bank, standing 1m high acts as a flood barrier between a breach in a natural river gravel terrace. It was probably constructed to protect the lower lying arable ground to its south-east.
Feature 7. Field Clearance. Pityoulish. ?19th/20th Century. Grid Reference: 291402 814332 (5m). Compartment: Yellow 3. HER Reference: Not previously recorded. Not on OS maps. Plate 7.
A 5m x 2m pile of boulders up to 0.5m in size, which have been removed from the arable ground to the south-east and dumped at the edge of the field.
Feature 8. Field Clearance. Pityoulish. ?19th/20th Century. Grid Reference: 291419 814344 (5m). Compartment: Yellow 3. HER Reference: Not previously recorded. Not on OS maps. Plate 8.
Another 5m x 2m pile of boulders up to 0.5m in size, which have been removed from the arable ground to the south-east and dumped at the edge of the field.
Feature 9. Fishing Pool Nameplate. Pityoulish. Modern Grid Reference: 291494 814392 (5m). Compartment: Yellow 3. HER Reference: Not previously recorded. Not on OS maps. Plate 9.
An upright slab of stone carries the painted name ‘Fin of the Zane’, defining the name of a fishing pool on the River Spey. It is set around 6m from its east bank on the edge of a grassy field.
Feature 10. Quarry. Pityoulish. ?19th/20th Century. Grid Reference: 291581 814258 (5m). Compartment: Yellow 3. HER Reference: Not previously recorded. Not on OS maps. Plate 10.
A 35m x 6m x 1.5m deep quarry extends 318o from the boundary of the field with a plantation fence. It has a 5m spread of spoil on each of its long sides, standing 1m high.
13 Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey Feature 11. Fishing Pool Nameplate. Pityoulish. Modern Grid Reference: 291568 814430 (5m). Compartment: Yellow 3. HER Reference: Not previously recorded. Not on OS maps. Plate 11.
A boulder carries the painted name ‘Royal Oak’, defining the name of a fishing pool on the River Spey. It is set around 5m from its east bank on the edge of a grassy field, 20m to the south-west of a large mature oak tree.
Feature 12. Fishing Pool Nameplate. Pityoulish. Modern Grid Reference: 291909 814493 (5m). Compartment: Yellow 3. HER Reference: Not previously recorded. Not on OS maps. Plate 12.
A stone slab carries the painted name ‘The Beach’, defining the name of a fishing pool on the River Spey. It is set around 15m from its south bank on the edge of a grassy field.
Feature 13. Borrow Pit. Pityoulish. ? Grid Reference: 291664 813878 (5m). Compartment: Yellow 4. HER Reference: Not previously recorded. Not on OS maps. Plate 13.
An 11m diameter semi-circular borrow pit, 1m deep is situated in broom scrub and light birch tree cover adjacent to the B970 public road. It opens to the north-west, towards the road and was probably associated with its construction.
Feature 14. Field Clearance. Pityoulish. ?19th/20th Century. Grid Reference: 292579 814070 (5m). Compartment: Red 1. HER Reference: Not previously recorded. Not on OS maps. Plate 14.
A 4m diameter, 1m high pile of boulders up to 0.4m in size, which have been removed from the arable ground to the north-west and dumped at the edge of the field adjacent to the dry-stone dyke.
Feature 15. Pylon Base. Pityoulish. Mid-20th Century. Grid Reference: 293092 814570 (5m). Compartment: Yellow 5. HER Reference: Not previously recorded. Not on OS maps. Plate 15.
What, on first inspection, looked to be footings for a building, being represented by a 9m x 7m rectangule, is actually the base for a former electricity pylon. It was part of the pylon line from Etteridge to Boat of Garten, which was undergrounded around 5 years ago.
Feature 16. Field Clearance. Pityoulish. ?20th Century. Grid Reference: 293080 814550 (5m). Compartment: Yellow 5. HER Reference: Not previously recorded. Not on OS maps. Plate 16.
14 Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey A 5m diameter, 0.8m high pile of boulders up to 0.4m in size, which have been removed from the arable ground to the north-west and dumped at the edge of the boundary of the field with an area of rough ground. Within the pile, there is at least one slab of concrete.
Feature 17. Field Clearance. Pityoulish. ?20th Century. Grid Reference: 293089 814545 (5m). Compartment: Yellow 5. HER Reference: Not previously recorded. Not on OS maps. Plate 17.
10m to the south-east of Feature 16 (above) is another 5m diameter, 0.8m high pile of boulders up to 0.4m in size, which have been removed from the arable ground to the north-west and dumped at the edge of the boundary of the field with an area of rough ground.
Feature 18. Borrow Pit. Pityoulish. ?19th/20th Century. Grid Reference: 293245 814498 (5m). Compartment: Yellow 6. HER Reference: Not previously recorded. Not on OS maps. Plate 18.
A 20m diameter semi-circular borrow pit, 1m deep is situated at the top of the field, just inside its enclosing dry-stone dyke. It opens to the north-west and has a 0.5m high and wide spoil lip around its semi-circular edge.
Feature 19. Field Clearance. Pityoulish. ?20th Century. Grid Reference: 293359 814722 (5m). Compartment: Yellow 6. HER Reference: Not previously recorded. Not on OS maps. Plate 19.
A 6m x 2m, 0.5m high pile of boulders up to 0.5m in size, which have been removed from the arable ground to the south-west and dumped adjacent to the fence at the edge of the field.
Feature 20. Bank. Pityoulish. ?19th/20th Century. Grid Reference: 293477 814990 (5m). Compartment: Yellow 7. HER Reference: Not previously recorded. Not on OS maps. Plate 20.
A 50m x 0.7m grass covered bank, standing 0.2m high extends on a bearing of 321o from 6m from the fence with the plantation to the south-east and runs straight downhill on the south-west side of a knoll.
Feature 21. Bridge. Pityoulish. ?20th Century Grid Reference: 293588 815070 (5m). Compartment: Green 1. HER Reference: Not previously recorded. Not on OS maps. Plate 21.
A 3m x 3m concrete decked bridge crosses a field ditch. It is 0.1m thick and is supported on each side by steel rails resting on concrete and stone abutments.
15 Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey Feature 22. Field Clearance. Kincardine. ?19th/20th Century. Grid Reference: 293667 815040 (5m). Compartment: Green 1. HER Reference: Not previously recorded. Not on OS maps. Plate 22.
A 3m diameter, 0.2m high pile of boulders up to 0.4m in size, which have been removed from the arable ground to the north-east and dumped at the unmarked edge of the field with a plantation.
Feature 23. Borrow Pit. Kincardine. ?19th/20th Century. Grid Reference: 293672 815555 (5m). Compartment: Green 2. HER Reference: Not previously recorded. Not on OS maps. Plate 23.
An 5m diameter semi-circular borrow pit, 1m deep is situated in broom scrub adjacent to the B970 public road. It opens to the south-east, towards the road and was probably associated with its construction.
Feature 24. Pits. Pityoulish. ?19th Century. Grid Reference: 293180 815377 (5m). Compartment: Green 3. HER Reference: MHG25030. Not on OS maps. Plate 24.
A series of five 3m x 2m pits and one 2m x 1m pit, all less than 0.5m deep are set on a strip of rough ground between 2 arable fields. They are all orientated 140o, parallel to the field boundary and are ‘saw pits’ in the making of rafts for floating timber down the River Spey.
Feature 25. Field Clearance. Pityoulish. ?18th Century. Grid Reference: 293667 815040 (5m). Compartment: Yellow 8. HER Reference: MHG33066 (part of). Not on OS maps. Plate 25.
An 11m long linear scatter of several boulders up to 1m sized are set at the south-western edge of the field against the fence with the B970 public road. They have been removed from the arable ground to the north-west and dumped. They have been recorded previously (Law – Group II) as formerly forming part of a Neolithic druidical circle of standing stones, which were removed from the land during the agricultural improvements of the late 18th Century.
Feature 26. Field Clearance. Pityoulish. ?19th/20th Century. Grid Reference: 292828 814866 (5m). Compartment: Red 3. HER Reference: MHG25064 possibly. Not on OS maps. Plate 26.
A 3m diameter, 0.3m high pile of boulders up to 0.3m in size, which have been removed from the arable ground to the south and dumped at the northern corner of the field. This is possibly the cairn previously recorded by Wakeling in 1999.
Feature 27. Field Clearance. Pityoulish. ?19th/20th Century. Grid Reference: 292657 814742 (5m). Compartment: Yellow 9. HER Reference: Not previously recorded. Not on OS maps. Plate 27.
16 Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey A 35m long and 2m wide linear scatter of several boulders up to 2m in size, which have been removed from the arable ground to the north-west and dumped adjacent to the fence at the south- east edge of the field.
Feature 28. Field Clearance. Pityoulish. ?19th/20th Century. Grid Reference: 292653 814683 (5m). Compartment: Red 3. HER Reference: Not previously recorded. Not on OS maps. Plate 28.
3 large boulders, up to 1m in size, which have been removed from the arable ground to the south- east and dumped adjacent to the fence at the north-west edge of the field.
Feature 29. Borrow Pit. Auchgourish. 21st Century. Grid Reference: 294121 815564 (5m). Compartment: Green 4. HER Reference: Not previously recorded. Not on OS maps. Plate 29.
A 30m diameter semi-circular borrow pit, 6m deep is situated adjacent to a track extending south- east from Auchgourish Cottages. It opens to the north-east, towards the track and was probably associated with its construction/improvement.
Feature 30. Field Clearance. Auchgourish. ?19th/20th Century. Grid Reference: 294111 815511 (5m). Compartment: Green 4. HER Reference: Not previously recorded. Not on OS maps. Plate 30.
A 2m diameter pile of large boulders up to 0.75m in size, which have been removed from the arable ground to the west and dumped at the eastern side of the field and arranged around a hydro pole.
Feature 31. Field Clearance. Auchgourish. ?19th/20th Century. Grid Reference: 294114 815470 (5m). Compartment: Green 4. HER Reference: Not previously recorded. Not on OS maps. Plate 31.
A 12m x 2m linear pile of large boulders up to 2m in size, which have been removed from the arable ground to the west and dumped at the eastern side of the field, is situated around 40m to the south of Feature 30 (above).
Feature 32. Sheep Dip. Auchgourish. ?19th/20th Century. Grid Reference: 294023 814668 (5m). Compartment: Green 5. HER Reference: Not previously recorded. Not on OS maps. Plate 32.
An abandoned sheep dip with many large rusty tins is situated on the north-east side of rough grassland on the flat-bottomed floor of a secluded small glen. It comprises a 7m x 5.5m across concrete pad, which funnels to 0.5m wide in advance of a ramp down into the 0.5m wide dip, which is 1m deep. The dip adjoins a smaller concrete pad (3m x 5.5m across), which contains the upstanding remains of timber fencework.
17 Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey Feature 33. Mound. Auchgourish. ?19th/20th Century. Grid Reference: 294332 814831 (5m). Compartment: Green 6. HER Reference: Not previously recorded. Not on OS maps. Plate 33.
A 3m x 2m grass-covered mound stands 0.5m high in the south-east angle of a grassy field. Its purpose is unclear.
Feature 34. Structure. Auchgourish. ?18th/19th Century. Grid Reference: 294544 814947 (5m). Compartment: Green 6. HER Reference: Not previously recorded. Not on OS maps. Plate 34.
A 10m x 5m roughly rectangular structure, with grass-covered walls spread to 2.5m standing 0.8m high, is situated at the eastern edge of a grassy field, adjacent to its bounding dry-stone dyke. Given the proximity to the recorded township remains to the north-east (The Loinn - MHG29138), this could be an associated structure. It also could be a pile of clearance removed from the arable field to the west, but it appears to have a more structured form, with an internal division and a northern annexe.
There is also a 2m diameter, 0.5m high partly grass-covered cairn of stones adjacent to its north- east end.
Feature 35. Field Clearance. Auchgourish. ?19th/20th Century. Grid Reference: 294490 815262 (5m). Compartment: Green 7. HER Reference: Not previously recorded. Not on OS maps. Plate 35.
A 4m x 2m pile of large boulders up to 1m in size, which have been removed from the arable ground to the west and dumped at the eastern side of the field at the top of a steep slope leading down to Auchgourish Burn.
18 Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey Features Recorded Adjacent to Compartments:
Feature A1. Burial Ground. Pityoulish. 20th Century. Grid Reference: 292268 814099 (5m). Adjacent to Compartment: Red 1. HER Reference: MHG25054. On OS current edition maps. Plate 36.
A 10m diameter, stone-walled circular burial ground is situated on south-west sloping ground adjacent to the south-west side of compartment Red 1, overlooking Loch Pityoulish.
It is the private burial ground of the Ogilvie family of Pityoulish and interred here are: Christian Augusta Ogilvy, died September 12th, 1940; Henry Iain Ogilvy, died September 22nd, 1940; Sir Herbert Kinnaird Ogilvy, Baronet, died March 1st, 1956; Evelyn von Einsiedel, died 1904.
Feature A2. Field Clearance. Pityoulish. ?18th Century. Grid Reference: 292915 814678 (5m). Adjacent to Compartment: Yellow 5. HER Reference: MHG33066 (part of). Not on OS maps. Plate 37.
A scatter of four boulders up to 1m sized are set at the south-eastern on the roadside verge of the field of Compartment Yellow 5, against the fence with the B970 public road. They have been removed from the arable ground to the south-east and dumped. They have been recorded previously (Law – Group II) as formerly forming part of a Neolithic druidical circle of standing stones, which were removed from the land during the agricultural improvements of the late 18th Century.
Feature A3. Building. Pityoulish. ?18th Century. Grid Reference: 292915 814678 (5m). Adjacent to Compartment: Yellow 5 & 6. HER Reference: MHG26562. On OS 1st Edition map. Plate 38.
A 27m long, 4m wide building is set on a revetted platform on a south-west sloping hillside, to the south-east of Compartment Yellow 5 and to the south-west of Compartment Yellow 6. It is divided into two compartments, one is 18m long and the north-eastern compartment is smaller at 9m long. Its grass-covered back wall stands 1m high and its front wall and gables stand 0.4m high.
It is set 3m inside the field from its bounding dry-stone dyke, with which it runs parallel, trending 051o.
Feature A4. Lime Kiln. Auchgourish. ?19th Century. Grid Reference: 293697 815353 (5m). Adjacent to Compartment: Green 1. HER Reference: Not on HER. On OS 1st Edition map. Plate 39.
A 20m diameter semi-circular ‘scoop’, 3m deep is situated on the west bank of the Milton Burn, adjacent to the northern corner of Compartment Green 1. Within the scoop is a central 2m x 1m depression, which appears to be the site of the Lime Kiln depicted on the OS 1st Edition map of 1871. A few pieces of coal were discovered in molehills at the top lip of the scoop.
19 Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey Feature A5. Building. Auchgourish. ?18th Century. Grid Reference: 293936 814794 (5m). Adjacent to Compartment: Green 5. HER Reference: Not on HER. On Roy’s Military Map. Plate 40.
The footings of a building measuring 11m x 4m is set close to the south-eastern edge of high ground to the north-west of and overlooking Compartment Green 5. Its 0.7m wide discrete walls stand 0.4m high and there is an internal division separating the south-west compartment (7m long) from the 4m long north-eastern part. There is a 0.6m wide, centrally placed entrance in the north- west face of the south-west compartment, in which a single birch tree grows.
20 Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey Features Previously Recorded in the Compartments, but not Discovered during Field Survey:
Feature B1. Boundary Marker. Pityoulish. ?18th Century. Grid Reference: 290900 813690. Compartment: Yellow 2. HER Reference: MHG29139. Not on OS maps.
Depicted on an estate map of 1756, a cairn is marked at the junction of the road and the boundary wall in the southern corner of compartment Yellow 2.
Feature B2. Building. Ferryman's House, Pityoulish. ?19th Century. Grid Reference: 290940 813704. Compartment: Yellow 2. HER Reference: MHG25044. On OS 1st Edition map.
Depicted on an estate map of 1756 and the OS 1st Edition map of 1871, a roofed building at the Lochan Bain Ferry in the southern corner of compartment Yellow 2.
Feature B3. Crop Mark. Pityoulish. ?Bronze Age/Iron Age. Grid Reference: 292000 814400. Compartment: Yellow 3. HER Reference: MHG29966. Not on OS maps.
The cropmark of a souterrain has been identified on a 1995 aerial photograph.
Feature B4. Settlement. Culrannoch, Pityoulish. ?18th Century. Grid Reference: 292500 814030. Compartment: Red 1. HER Reference: MHG25059. Not on OS maps.
Depicted on an estate map of 1770, the faint remains of the settlement of Culrannoch in the southern corner of compartment Red 1.
Feature B5. Crop Mark. Pityoulish. ?18th Century. Grid Reference: 292510 814000. Compartment: Red 1. HER Reference: MHG35388. Not on OS maps.
The cropmark of a possible enclosure has been identified on a 1995 aerial photograph in the southern corner of compartment Red 1. A number of other indeterminate cropmarks are scattered across the same field.
Feature B6. Crop Mark. Pityoulish. ?Bronze Age/Iron Age. Grid Reference: 292750 814450. Compartment: Red 2. HER Reference: MHG35301. Not on OS maps.
21 Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey The cropmarks of a round house, pits and a possible souterrain has been identified on a 1995 aerial photograph in the north-western part of compartment Red 2. A number of other indeterminate cropmarks are scattered across the same field.
Feature B7. Crop Mark. Pityoulish. ? Neolithic. Grid Reference: 292800 814700. Compartment: Red 3. HER Reference: MHG50127. Not on OS maps.
The cropmarks of a possible barrow and pits has been identified on a 2001 aerial photograph in the middle of compartment Red 3.
Feature B8. Crop Mark. Pityoulish. ?Neolithic. Grid Reference: 292680 814700. Compartment: Red 3. HER Reference: MHG4583. Not on OS maps.
Damage to barrows being caused by sheep feeders on the north-western edge of compartment Red 3 was reported in 1999. It appears likely that this refers to Feature B7 (above).
22 Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey Features Recorded Adjacent to the Compartments, but not visited during Field Survey:
Feature C1. Building. Milton. ?18th/19th Century. Grid Reference: 294060 814650. Adjacent to Compartment: Green 5. HER Reference: MHG35453. Not on OS maps.
A stone-built rectangular building, situated on the E of the sheep pens (of Feature 32, above), was recorded during a pre-afforestation survey in 1999, to the east of compartment Green 5.
Feature C2. Township. Lag of Clune. ?18th Century. Grid Reference: 293900 815000. Adjacent to Compartment: Green 1. HER Reference: MHG24837. Not on OS maps.
Depicted on an estate map of 1770, four buildings arranged in a straight line, with a kailyard just to the south of a track leading up the hill to the east, are visible on the ground as low turf footings to the south-east of compartment Green 1. Local tradition suggests that this was a leper colony.
Feature C3. Enclosure. Milton. ?18th/19th Century. Grid Reference: 294060 814650. Adjacent to Compartment: Green 6. HER Reference: MHG26559. On OS 1st Edition map.
Depicted on the OS 1st Edition map of 1871, an enclosure to the east of compartment Green 6.
Feature C4. Township. The Loinn. ?18th Century. Grid Reference: 294650 815000. Adjacent to Compartment: Green 6. HER Reference: MHG29138. Not on OS maps.
A 'street' of c6 structures running along a track within a valley was recorded in 1998, to the east of compartment Green 6.
Feature C5. Barrow Cemetery. West Croftmore. ?Iron Age. Grid Reference: 293150 815290. Adjacent to Compartment: Green 5. HER Reference: MHG40180. Not on OS maps.
A group of 4 bowl-barrows, first recorded in 1955, to the south of the east end of Compartment Green 3. It is a Scheduled Ancient Monument (Scheduled Monument 13633: Pityoulish, barrow cemetery 465m WSW of West Croftmore).
Feature C6. Standing Stone. Wester Croftmore. ?Iron Age. Grid Reference: 293240 815210. Adjacent to Compartment: Green 5. HER Reference: MHG25029. Not on OS maps.
A standing stone 4'6" high and 18" square at the base stands erect in the field between the barrows (of Feature C5, above) and the B970 public road, first recorded in 1955, to the south of the east end of Compartment Green 3.
23 Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey 4.0 Conclusions
The aim of this desk-based study and subsequent walk over survey was to determine whether there was any archaeology within the proposed development area and to record and survey anything discovered in detail.
This aim was achieved with 35 archaeological features being recorded within the surveyed compartments, 31 of which had not been previously recorded.
A further 5 archaeological features, which are situated close to the compartments, were also recorded. Two of these features had not been previously recorded.
Whilst nothing present, previously recorded or newly discovered during the survey, could be regarded as being of National or Regional significance as per Scottish Planning Policy or Historic Environment Scotland Policy Statement, some of the archaeology on the site is certainly regarded as being of local importance.
24 Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey 5.0 Recommendations
Of the 35 features within the compartments, the 14 Field Clearance features, 5 Borrow Pits, and the Pylon Base are of little archaeological significance, being so numerous and relatively modern.
The 4 Fishing Pool Nameplates, the Flood Barrier Banks and the Bridge should clearly remain untouched by the planting scheme, for practical reasons.
This leaves the remaining 11 features recorded during the current survey, which should be protected from planting with a 10m buffer.
Six previously recorded cropmark sites, which were not observed during the field survey, should also not be planted on and have a 10m tree-free buffer for protection. Refer to the Feature Location Aerial Photographs of Appendix II for exact locations.
If these measures are taken, then there should be no requirement for the Historic Environment Team of Highland Council’s Planning Service to recommend a watching brief during the planting operations.
Care should be taken during any operations that none of the archaeology outwith the compartments is affected by any machinery/plant.
Should any archaeological features be discovered during construction operations, the Highland Council’s Historic Environment Team should be contacted immediately.
In summary:
• Recorded Feature Nos 1, 3, 10, 24, 32, 33, 34 must have a 10m tree-free buffer for protection
• Features B3-B8 must have a 10m tree-free buffer for protection
• A watching brief should not be required during the planting operations
• No machinery/plant must be allowed to encroach within 10m of any of the other recorded archaeology outwith the survey area during any construction operations
• In the event of any discovery of archaeological remains, immediate contact must be made with Highland Council’s Historic Environment Team for advice
25 Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey References
Am Baile website: http://www.ambaile.org.uk/smr/
Grant, Rev. John, 1794. Parish of Abernethy & Kincardine. The Old Statistical Account of Scotland.
Historic Environment Scotland website: http://portal.historicenvironment.scot/
Law, Sandra. Undated. A Report on the Pityoulish Stones Group I & II.
MacBain, Alexander. 1926. Place Names of the Highlands and Islands of Scotland.
National Archives for Scotland.
National Library of Scotland website: http://www.nls.uk/maps
Nicolaisen, William F. H., 2001. Scottish Place Names.
Ordnance Survey maps – various.
Scotlands Places website: http://www.scotlandsplaces.gov.uk/
Scottish & Southern Electricity. 2012. Etteridge to Boat of Garten Rationalisation Scheme Report
Watson, William J. 1926. The History of Celtic Place Names of Scotland.
26 Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey
Appendices
Appendix I Site Location Maps
Appendix II Feature Location Aerial Photographs
Appendix III Existing Historic Environment Record & Canmore Sites
Appendix IV Summary Table of Features
Appendix V Plates
27 Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey
Appendix I – Site Location Maps
Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey
N
10km
Regional Location Map
N
500m
Site Location Map
Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey
6
7
4
5
1
2
7
6
used for thisused for report
Compartment Numbers Numbers Compartment
5
8
3
2
3
9
1
4
3
1
2
Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey
Appendix II – Feature Location Aerial Photographs
Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey
–
Archaeological Features Archaeological
Compartments Yellow 1 & Compartments 4
1
13
2
3
Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey
–
Compartment Yellow 2 Yellow Compartment
Archaeological Features Features Archaeological
6
B2
B1
4
5
Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey
–
B3
Compartment Yellow 3 Yellow Compartment
Archaeological Features Archaeological
12
10
11
9 8
8 8
7
6
Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey
–
Compartments Red 1 &Compartments 2
Archaeological Features Features Archaeological
B6
14
B4 & 5 B4 &
A1
Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey
C1
32
A5
–
Archaeological Features Archaeological
19
Compartments Yellow 5, 6 & Green 5 5,Yellow & 6 Green Compartments
18
A3
15
17
16
A2
Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey
C2
–
Archaeological Features Archaeological
22
Compartments Yellow 7 1 & Compartments Green
A4
21
20
Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey
29
31
30
–
Features Features
Archaeological
Compartments Green 2 & Compartments 4
23
Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey
–
C6
Archaeological Features Archaeological
Compartments Yellow 8 & Green 3 8 Yellow & Green Compartments
24
25 C5
Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey
–
Archaeological Features Archaeological
Compartments Red 3 & Yellow 9 Red 3 &Compartments Yellow
B7
26
B8
28
27
Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey
C4
C3
35
34
33
–
Archaeological Features Features Archaeological Compartments Red 3 & Yellow 9 Red 3 &Compartments Yellow
Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey
Appendix III – Existing Historic Environment Record & Canmore Sites
Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey HER Sites Confirmed in Compartments during Field Survey
MHG33066 Type of record: Monument Name: Pityoulish Grid Reference: NH 9291 1466 Map Sheet: NH91SW Civil Parish: DUTHIL AND ROTHIEMURCHUS Geographical Area: BADENOCH AND STRATHSPEY Monument Types STONE (Undated)
Full description A group of stones located on the side of the B970, Coylumbridge to Nethybridge road. This group of stones consists of three column like stones and one flatter stone.
See Assoc. Docs. File for 'A Report on the Pityoulish Stones Group 1 & 2', by Sandra Law.
MHG25064 Type of record: Monument Name: Pityoulish Grid Reference: NH 9284 1492 Map Sheet: NH91SW Civil Parish: ABERNETHY AND KINCARDINE Geographical Area: BADENOCH AND STRATHSPEY Monument Types CAIRN (Neolithic - 4000 BC to 2401 BC)
Full description A possible cairn, similar to the known Pictish cairns/barrows at Wester Croftmore, NH91NW0015. Information from Ann Wakeling, 8/12/99
MHG25050 Type of record: Monument Name: Callard Dyke, Pityoulish Grid Reference: NH 9143 1359 Map Sheet: NH91SW Civil Parish: ABERNETHY AND KINCARDINE Civil Parish: DUTHIL AND ROTHIEMURCHUS Geographical Area: BADENOCH AND STRATHSPEY Monument Types BUILDING (Post Medieval - 1560 AD to 1900 AD)
Full description Site of a house on the OS 1st edition map. From the 1881 census returns, it appears to be called Callard Dyke. Information from Ann Wakeling, 8/12/99
MHG25030 Type of record: Monument Name: Saw pits, Pityoulish Grid Reference: NH 9315 1540
Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey Map Sheet: NH91NW Civil Parish: ABERNETHY AND KINCARDINE Geographical Area: BADENOCH AND STRATHSPEY Monument Types SAW PIT (Post Medieval - 1560 AD to 1900 AD)
Full description At the end of the Sluggan road and stretching from NH 9315 1540 to 9325 1536 are a series of possible sawpits. They were apparently used to make rafts for floating timber down the Spey. Information from Ann Wakeling, 8/12/99
HER Sites in the Compartments, but not Discovered during Field Survey
MHG50127 Type of record: Monument Name: Pityoulish Grid Reference: NH 9280 1470 Map Sheet: NH91SW Civil Parish: ABERNETHY AND KINCARDINE Geographical Area: BADENOCH AND STRATHSPEY Monument Types BARROW (Undated) PIT (Undated) Other References/Statuses NMRS NUMLINK Reference: 285230 NMRS Record Details: NH91SW63 PITYOULISH
Full description NMRS Report: (13/12/2006 15:19:27) What may be a barrow, situated SW of the River Spey, has been recorded as cropmarks on oblique aerial photography (RCAHMSAP 2001) amongst a scatter of cropmarks and pits of unknown origin. Information from RCAHMS (VLW) 5 December 2006
MHG4583 Type of record: Monument Name: Pityoulish Grid Reference: NH 9268 1470 Map Sheet: NH91SW Civil Parish: ABERNETHY AND KINCARDINE Geographical Area: BADENOCH AND STRATHSPEY Monument Types ROUND BARROW (Undated) Other References/Statuses NMRS NUMLINK Reference: 15413 NMRS Record Details: NH91SW7 PITYOULISH Non-Statutory Register (R)
Full description: Damage to barrows being caused by sheep feeders. Information from Ann Wakeling, 8/12/99
Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey MHG35301 Type of record: Monument Name: Pityoulish Grid Reference: NH 9275 1445 Map Sheet: NH91SW Civil Parish: DUTHIL AND ROTHIEMURCHUS Geographical Area: BADENOCH AND STRATHSPEY Monument Types (Former Type) SITE (Undated) ROUND HOUSE (DOMESTIC) (Undated) PIT (Undated) SOUTERRAIN? (Undated) Other References/Statuses NMRS NUMLINK Reference: 146204 NMRS Record Details: NH91SW43 PITYOULISH
Full description The cropmarks of a round house, pits and a possible souterrain have been revealed by oblique aerial photographs (RCAHMSAP 1995), in a field 500m NE of Pityoulish. The round house measures about 15-18m in diameter and may have a circular pit-defined structure within the interior. A crescentic feature at its NW side, some 30m long, may be a part of the round house or represent a possible souterrain. A roughly circular line of at least seven large pits, each about 2- 3m in diameter, surround the round house, and a further cluster of at least five pits is visible approximately 30m to the SW. There are other indeterminate cropmarks scattered across the field. Information from RCAHMS (KJ) 22 June 1999.
MHG29966 Type of record: Monument Name: Pityoulish Grid Reference: NH 9200 1440 Map Sheet: NH91SW Civil Parish: DUTHIL AND ROTHIEMURCHUS Geographical Area: BADENOCH AND STRATHSPEY Monument Types SOUTERRAIN (Undated) PIT (Undated)
Full description Recorded by DML, 07/03/96
MHG25059 Type of record: Monument Name: Culrannoch, Pityoulish Grid Reference: NH 9250 1403 Map Sheet: NH91SW Civil Parish: ABERNETHY AND KINCARDINE Geographical Area: BADENOCH AND STRATHSPEY Monument Types TOWNSHIP (Post Medieval - 1560 AD to 1900 AD)
Full description Faint remains of the settlement of Culrannoch, depicted on RHP 2503, dated c. 1770. Information from Ann Wakeling, 8/12/99
Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey MHG35388 Type of record: Monument Name: PITYOULISH Grid Reference: NH 9251 1400 Map Sheet: NH91SW Civil Parish: DUTHIL AND ROTHIEMURCHUS Geographical Area: BADENOCH AND STRATHSPEY Monument Types ENCLOSURE (Undated) Other References/Statuses NMRS NUMLINK Reference: 148100 NMRS Record Details: NH91SW44 PITYOULISH
Full description The cropmark of a possible enclosure has been revealed by oblique aerial photography (RCAHMSAP 1995) 400m SE of Pityoulish farmsteading and 150m NE of Loch Pityoulish. It has an internal diameter of about 20m with a gap, possibly an entrance, in the S side. A number of other indeterminate cropmarks are scattered across the same field. Information from RCAHMS (KJ) 27 July 1999.
MHG29139 Type of record: Monument Name: Boundary Marker, Pityoulish Grid Reference: NH 9090 1369 Map Sheet: NH91SW Civil Parish: ABERNETHY AND KINCARDINE Geographical Area: BADENOCH AND STRATHSPEY Monument Types BOUNDARY MARKER (Undated)
Full description On RHP 2737, dated 1756, a cairn is marked at the junction of the road and the boundary wall. This has not been found on the ground. Information from Ann Wakeling, 29/03/2000
MHG25044 Type of record: Monument Name: Ferryman's House, Pityoulish Grid Reference: NH 9095 1371 Map Sheet: NH91SW Civil Parish: ABERNETHY AND KINCARDINE Civil Parish: DUTHIL AND ROTHIEMURCHUS Geographical Area: BADENOCH AND STRATHSPEY Monument Types FERRYKEEPERS COTTAGE (Post Medieval - 1560 AD to 1900 AD) BUILDING (Undated) LANDING POINT (Undated)
Full description The Lochan Bain ferry appears on both RHP 2737, dated 1756, and the OS 1st edition map (1867), where a house and a wall around the croft is shown. The house is not shown on the OS 2nd edition map (1903).
Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey The foundations of a house are visible on top of a flood bank alongside the march dyke, 50m from the river bank. October 1998: the area has had a fence built though it and is presumably to be planted. Willie McInnes, former tenant farmer at Dalfaber, aged 76, remembered crossing on the ferry aged about 4. Information from Ann Wakeling, 11/9/96 and 8/12/99
HER Sites Recorded Adjacent to Compartments
MHG25054 Type of record: Monument Name: Graveyard, Pityoulish Grid Reference: NH 9227 1410 Map Sheet: NH91SW Civil Parish: ABERNETHY AND KINCARDINE Geographical Area: BADENOCH AND STRATHSPEY Monument Types CEMETERY (Modern - 1901 AD to 2100 AD)
Full description A private burial ground for the Ogilvy family of Pityoulish. There are three gravestones - to Christina Augusta Ogilvy, d. 12/9/1940, Henry Iain Ogilvy, d. 22/9/1940 and Sir Herbert Kinnaird Ogilvy, Baronet, d. 1/3/1956. Information from Ann Wakeling, 8/12/99
MHG26562 Type of record: Monument Name: Milton Grid Reference: NH 9320 1448 Map Sheet: NH91SW Civil Parish: ABERNETHY AND KINCARDINE Geographical Area: BADENOCH AND STRATHSPEY Monument Types BUILDING (Undated) Other References/Statuses NMRS NUMLINK Reference: 116184 NMRS Record Details: NH91SW28 MILTON
Full description An unroofed long building is depicted on the 1st edition of the OS 6-inch map (Inverness-shire 1874, sheet lix), but it is not shown on the current edition of the OS 1:10000 map (1973). Information from RCAHMS (SAH) 10 July 1996
HER Sites Adjacent to the Compartments, but not visited during Field Survey
MHG29138 Type of record: Monument Name: The Loinn, Kincardine Grid Reference: NH 9465 1500 Map Sheet: NH91NW Civil Parish: ABERNETHY AND KINCARDINE Geographical Area: BADENOCH AND STRATHSPEY
Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey Monument Types TOWNSHIP (Undated)
Full description A 'street' of c. 6 structures running along a track within a valley. October, 1998: the area has been scarified, presumably prior to planting. Damage runs through an enclosure wall and several of the buildings. Macgregor notes "scattered houses through an area of greens known as the Loinn (950150)" (1993, 324). Information from Ann Wakeling, 8/12/99
Neil MacGregor, 1993, Gaelic Place-names of Strathspey, 299-371 (Text/Publication/Volume). SHG305.
MHG24837 Type of record: Monument Name: Lag of Clune Grid Reference: NH 9390 1500 Map Sheet: NH91NW Civil Parish: DUTHIL AND ROTHIEMURCHUS Geographical Area: BADENOCH AND STRATHSPEY Monument Types SETTLEMENT (Undated) (Alternate Type) LEPER COLONY (Undated)
Full description A township noted on RHP 2503, dated c. 1770, as Lag of Clune. Four buildings arranged in a straight line, with a kailyard just to the south of a track leading up the hill to the east, are visible on the ground as low turf footings. Local tradition (information from Roddy Shaw, retired farm manager, Pityoulish estate) suggests that this is a leper colony. Information from Ann Wakeling, 27/6/96
MHG40180 Type of record: Monument Name: West Croftmore Reports Grid Reference: NH 9315 1529 Map Sheet: NH91NW Civil Parish: ABERNETHY AND KINCARDINE Geographical Area: BADENOCH AND STRATHSPEY Monument Types BURIAL (Undated) Protected Status: Scheduled Monument 13633: Pityoulish, barrow cemetery 465m WSW of West Croftmore Other References/Statuses NMRS NUMLINK Reference: 15389 NMRS Record Details: NH91NW15 PITYOULISH
Full description The standing stone, formerly included alongside the barrows, is now recorded as NH91NW0071. J Hooper, 19/1/00 NH91NW 15 centred 931 152; standing stone 9325 1521. (Area NH 931 152) A group of 4 bowl-barrows is situated on the lip of the slope to the Spey, hidden by birch and broom, and beyond the field bordering the road immediately to the SW of the
Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey junction of the road Coylumbridge to Nethy Bridge with the road over the Slugan Pass to Loch Morlich. Each has a diameter of 24', height 1'3" - 1'6", a flattened top and a rectangular stone projecting from it. The one nearest the road was completely excavated in 1953 and revealed an extended inhumation in a pit beside the projecting stone, and two small empty pits. No grave- goods, pottery etc. were found, but the discovery of a few fragments of iron and the rust-mark vestiges of a possible knife suggested that the burial was not earlier than the Iron Age. The burial pit had previously been robbed by sinking a vertical shaft. Professor Piggot suggested the possibility that the excavated barrow was, in reality, two, a later one being imposed directly upon the earlier. A standing stone 4'6" high and 18" square at the base stands erect in the field between the barrows and the road. V Rae and A Rae 1955.
Mr Ferguson (Mr Ferguson, Auchgourish) indicated the area (centred on NH 932 152) where the excavation had taken place. The barrows are situated in dense afforestation, planted since the excavation took place. Perambulation failed to reveal any trace of the barrows. Visited by OS (R L) 14 November 1966.
In the area centred NH 931 152, now afforested, the only surviving feature is the standing stone, at NH 9325 1521. The precise site of the barrows is not known locally. Visited by OS (R L) 22 September 1969.
Rae, A and Rae, V, 1955, 'A bowl barrow at Pityoulish, in Strathspey', Proc Soc Antiq Scot, Vol 87 (1952-53), pp 153-60 (Text/Publication/Article). SHG23.
Historic Environment Scotland, 2016, Scheduled Monument Notification - SM13633: Pityoulish, barrow cemetery 465m WSW of West Croftmore (Text/Designation Notification/Scheduled Monument). SHG27156.
MHG25029 Type of record: Monument Name: Standing Stone, Wester Croftmore Grid Reference: NH 9324 1521 Map Sheet: NH91NW Civil Parish: ABERNETHY AND KINCARDINE Geographical Area: BADENOCH AND STRATHSPEY Monument Types STANDING STONE (Undated)
Full description Formerly included under NH91NW0015. See photos in Ass. Docs.
A standing stone 4'6" high and 18" square at the base stands erect in the field between the barrows and the road. V Rae and A Rae 1955.
In the area centred NH 931 152, now afforested, the only surviving feature is the standing stone, at NH 9325 1521. The precise site of the barrows is not known locally. Visited by OS (R L) 22 September 1969.
Rae, A and Rae, V, 1955, 'A bowl barrow at Pityoulish, in Strathspey', Proc Soc Antiq Scot, Vol 87 (1952-53), pp 153-60 (Text/Publication/Article). SHG23.
Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey MHG35453 Type of record: Monument Name: MILTON Grid Reference: NH 9406 1465 Map Sheet: NH91SW Civil Parish: DUTHIL AND ROTHIEMURCHUS Geographical Area: BADENOCH AND STRATHSPEY Monument Types BUILDING (Undated) Other References/Statuses NMRS NUMLINK Reference: 157922 NMRS Record Details: NH91SW57 MILTON
Full description A stone-built rectangular building, situated on the E of the sheep pens, was recorded during a pre- afforestation survey at Craig Pityoulish and Craiggowrie. It measures 10m by 4m with 0.6m wide walls standing up to 0.75m in height. T Holden and M Dalland (Headland Archaeology) 25 June 1999; NMRS MS 899/170, no.16
Dalland M/Holden T, 1999, Forestry Survey: Pityoulish Estate - Craig Pityoulish and Craiggowrie, Aviemore, Highland (Text/Report/Fieldwork Report). SHG20967
MHG26559 Type of record: Monument Name: Milton Grid Reference: NH 9461 1495 Map Sheet: NH91SW Civil Parish: ABERNETHY AND KINCARDINE Geographical Area: BADENOCH AND STRATHSPEY Monument Types ENCLOSURE (Undated) Other References/Statuses NMRS NUMLINK Reference: 116181 NMRS Record Details: NH91SW25 MILTON
Full description An enclosure is depicted on the 1st edition of the OS 6-inch map (Inverness-shire 1874, sheet lix), but it is not shown on the current edition of the OS 1:10000 map (1973). Information from RCAHMS (SAH) 10 July 1996
Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey
Appendix IV – Summary Table of Features
Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey
Feature No Easting Northing Feature Type Size (m) l x w x h/d 1 291714 814007 Pit 4 x 4 x 0.8 2 291464 813711 Borrow Pit 19 x 14 x 2 3 291422 813592 Building 15 x 4.5 4 290889 813735 Fishing Pool Nameplate 5 290857 814126 Bank 20 x 2 x 1 6 291314 814276 Bank 80 x 2 x 1 7 291402 814332 Field Clearance 5 x 2 x 0.5 8 291419 814344 Field Clearance 5 x 2 x 0.5 9 291494 814392 Fishing Pool Nameplate 10 291581 814258 Quarry 35 x 16 x 2 11 291568 814430 Fishing Pool Nameplate 12 291909 814493 Fishing Pool Nameplate 13 291664 813878 Borrow Pit 11 x 11 x 1 14 292579 814070 Field Clearance 4 x 4 x 0.5 15 293092 814570 Pylon Base 9 x 7 16 293080 814550 Field Clearance 5 x 5 x 0.8 17 293089 814545 Field Clearance 4 x 4 x 0.8 18 293245 814498 Borrow Pit 20 x 10 x 1 19 293359 814722 Field Clearance 6 x 2 x 0.5 20 293477 814990 Bank 50 x 0.7 x 0.2 21 293588 815070 Bridge 3 x 3 22 293667 815040 Field Clearance 3 x 3 x 0.2 23 293672 815555 Borrow Pit 5 x 2.5 x 1 24 293180 815377 Pits 3 x 2 x 0.5 25 293126 814983 Field Clearance 26 292828 814866 Field Clearance 3 x 3 x 0.3 27 292657 814742 Field Clearance 35 x 3 x 1 28 292653 814683 Field Clearance 2 x 2 x 1 29 294121 815564 Borrow Pit 30 x 15 x 6 30 294111 815511 Field Clearance 2 x 2 x 0.75 31 294114 815470 Field Clearance 12 x 2 x 1 32 294023 814668 Sheep Dip 17.5 x 5.5 33 294332 814831 Mound 3 x 2 x 0.5 34 294544 814947 Structure 10 x 5 35 294490 815262 Field Clearance 4 x 2 x 1 Features Recorded Adjacent to Compartments A1 292268 814099 Burial Ground 10m diameter A2 292915 814678 Field Clearance A3 293196 814486 Building 27 x 4 A4 293697 815353 Lime Kiln 3 x 1 x 0.5 A5 293936 814794 Building 11 x 4 HER Sites within the Compartments, but not Discovered during Field Survey B1 290900 813690 Boundary Marker B2 290940 813704 Building B3 292000 814400 Crop Mark - Souterrain B4 292500 814030 Settlement B5 292510 814000 Crop Mark - Enclosure B6 292750 814450 Crop Mark - Round house, pits
Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey Feature No Easting Northing Feature Type Size (m) l x w x h/d B7 292800 814700 Crop Mark - Barrow B8 292680 814700 Barrow HER Sites Adjacent to the Compartments, but not visited during Field Survey C1 294060 814650 Building C2 293900 815000 Township - Lag of Clune C3 294618 814959 Enclosure C4 294650 815000 Township - The Loinn C5 293150 815290 Barrow Cemetery C6 293240 815210 Standing Stone
Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey
Appendix V – Plates
Note: the silver walking pole used as a scale in the following plates is 1.4m long.
Plate 1: Feature 1 – Pit (from SE). Plate 2: Feature 2 – Borrow Pit (from NW).
Plate 3: Feature 3 – Building (from E). Plate 4: Feature 4 – Fishing Pool Nameplate (from NW). Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey
Plate 5: Feature 5 – Flood barrier bank (from S). Plate 6: Feature 6 – Flood barrier bank (from NE).
Plate 7: Feature 7 – Field Clearance (from SW). Plate 8: Feature 8 – Field Clearance (from NE). Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey
Plate 9: Feature 9 – Fishing Pool Nameplate (from SW). Plate 10: Feature 10 – Quarry (from NW).
Plate 11: Feature 11 – Fishing Pool Nameplate (from SW). Plate 12: Feature 12 – Fishing Pool Nameplate (from W). Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey
Plate 13: Feature 13 – Borrow Pit (from NW). Plate 14: Feature 14 – Field Clearance (from NE).
Plate 15: Feature 15 – Pylon Base (from N). Plate 16: Feature 16 – Field Clearance (from NW).
Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey
Plate 17: Feature 17 – Field Clearance (from SE). Plate 18: Feature 18 – Borrow Pit (from NW).
Plate 19: Feature 19 – Field Clearance (from SW). Plate 20: Feature 20 – Bank (from NW). Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey
Plate 21: Feature 21 – Bridge (from N). Plate 22: Feature 22 – Field Clearance (from W).
Plate 23: Feature 23 – Borrow Pit (from SE). Plate 24: Feature 24 – Saw Pits (from SE). Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey
Plate 25: Feature 25 – Field Clearance – Pityoulish Stones Group II (from NE). Plate 26: Feature 26 – Field Clearance (from NE).
Plate 27: Feature 27 – Field Clearance (from NE). Plate 28: Feature 28 – Field Clearance (from E). Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey
Plate 29: Feature 29 – Borrow Pit (from SE). Plate 30: Feature 30 – Field Clearance (from N).
Plate 31: Feature 31 – Field Clearance (from SE). Plate 32: Feature 32 – Sheep Dip (from W). Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey
Plate 33: Feature 33 – Mound (from NE). Plate 34: Feature 34 – Structure/Field Clearance (from SE).
Plate 35: Feature 35 – Field Clearance (from N). Plate 36: Feature A1 – Ogilvy Family Burial Ground (from NE). Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey
Plate 37: Feature A2 – Field Clearance – Pityoulish Stones Group I (from S). Plate 38: Feature A3 – Building (from SW).
Plate 39: Feature A4 – Lime Kiln (from NW). Plate 40: Feature A5 – Building (from NW). Pityoulish, near Aviemore, Badenoch & Strathspey