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American Football Versus Varsity Rugby

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American Football Versus Varsity Rugby APPLICABILITY OF THE NCAA AMERICAN FOOTBALL AND NFL DRAFT SYSTEM ON THE SA RUGBY SYSTEM: A COMPARATIVE APPROACH DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF MASTERS IN SPORT AND RECREATION MANAGEMENT in the FACULTY OF HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT SPORT AND LEISURE STUDIES at THE UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA by ANDRIES JACOBUS KRUGER 10537008 SUPERVISOR: DR. ENGELA VAN DER KLASHORST NOVEMBER 2018 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my gratitude to the following people for their support in the completion of this study: My Heavenly Father, who blessed me with this opportunity and a healthy mind. Doctor Engela van der Klashorst, my promotor. Thank you for your patience, guidance and insight during the completion of this study. I appreciate your ongoing support and life lessons; you showed me during this research study I appreciate it more than you can ever know! My Parents Hester and Johan, mom and dad thank you for being my mentors in life, you showed me the meaning of working hard. Thank you for the unwavering support and faith you had in me. Thank you for allowing me to enter the wold of academia for that I will always be grateful. My better half Izaan, thank you for supporting and believing in my outrages ideas as you always made sure that I had enough motivation to carry on with an equal amount of coffee supply by my side. Uncle Morris, my varsity dad, thank you for always having your door open always willing to help where you can. I will always be thankful for the life lessons you taught me. All the research participants, a big thank you all for the time and enthusiasm you all participated with during the research study. i DECLARATION I, Andries Jacobus Kruger, hereby declare that this research for the degree, MA (Sport Recreation and Management), at the University of Pretoria, has not previously been submitted by me for the degree, at this or any other university; that it is my own work in design and execution, and that all materials from published sources contained herein have been duly acknowledged. ................................................ ................................................... Date Signature ii SUMMARY Candidate: Andries J Kruger Degree: MA Sport and Recreation Management Title of Dissertation Applicability of the NCAA American Football and NFL Draft System on the SA Rugby System. Promoter Dr. E van der Klashorst South Africa has a very rich sporting history with South Africans renowned for being huge enthusiasts of the many different sporting codes played in the country. Former president Nelson Mandela emphasized the importance of sport at the Laureus World Sports Awards Ceremony in 2000 “Sport has the power to change the world. It has the power to inspire. It has the power to unite people in a way that little else can. Sport can awaken hope where there was previously only despair”. South Africa Rugby have played an important role in the country’s history, with world-class provincial matches, producing an international feared national (Springboks) side. However in recent years the Springbok side have been gradually slipping down the world ranking list. Since the sport of rugby turned fully professional in the mid-1990’s the South African system started to use the tertiary developing process less as a stepping block for high school rugby players to the now professional rugby franchises, with the contracting of 18 and 19-year-old players. With rugby being a highly collision sport, the study investigated the American football system in the United States of America. The study focus on how both investigated collision sport (SA Rugby & American football) systems develop players from high school amateur players to professional players, placing emphasis on the path way through the tertiary systems of both sporting codes and the selection process from amateur to professional sport. The overall aim of this study was to determine to what extent the NCAA American football and NFL draft system, could be-applied to the South African rugby system. Investigating factors such as physical and physiological maturity, Long term athlete development and talent identification by adopting an exploratory ethno-graphic qualitative research design as methodology, to ask the research question: To what extent can the NCAA American football and NFL Draft system be applied to the iii South Africa tertiary system? Based on the preceding research question it postulated that similarities exist between both collision sports, with both sports being part of highly competitive organised school sport, followed by the tertiary platforms provided through the NCAA (USA) and Varsity Cup (South Africa) towards professionalism. Results of the study established through the documentation that the American football system utilised a student-athlete system as academic requirements for participation is, implemented from school level and players competing within the tertiary platform needs to be amateur certified to be able to compete. Whereas for the South African rugby system having no academic requirements for participation through school as this only becomes a requirement when going through the tertiary system. (Varsity Cup). With Varsity Cup having similar academic eligibility rules, like that of the NCAA it does not excluded the participation of professional players. The conclusion of the study confirmed that Varsity Cup is more athlete-student then student-athlete as with the NCAA. The study provided evidence that the two collision sports compared sharing many characteristics. The principles inherent in NCAA American football and NFL Draft can be applied to that of SA rugby to a certain extent. The following recommendations for both SA rugby and Varsity Cup where suggested Not allowing SA rugby franchises and unions to contract rugby players under the age of twenty – SARU policy change. Discontinuing/Cancelling the u/19, u/20 and u/21 age group provincial competitions – SARU policy change Excluding players which are contracted at a SA rugby franchise or union and excluding players receiving a salary for participating in rugby – Varsity Cup policy change. iv CONTENTS Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT ............................................................................................ 3 1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................ 5 1.4 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................... 5 1.5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .................................................................................... 8 1.5.1 Research population: ............................................................................................ 8 1.5.2 Sampling Methods ................................................................................................ 8 1.5.3 Data collection ...................................................................................................... 8 1.5.4 Data analysis ........................................................................................................ 9 1.6 ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS ........................................................................................... 9 1.6.1 Voluntary participation ........................................................................................... 9 1.6.2 Informed consent ................................................................................................ 10 1.6.3 No risk or harm to participants ............................................................................. 10 1.6.4 Privacy ................................................................................................................ 10 1.6.5 Confidentiality ..................................................................................................... 10 1.6.6. Storage of data .................................................................................................. 10 CHAPTER 2: DEVELOPMENT OF A PROFESSIONAL ATHLETE IN A CONTACT SPORT .................................................................................................................................... 11 2.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 11 2.2 PHASES OF ATHLETE DEVELOPMENT. ............................................................ 11 2.2.1 Kid to Pro Player ........................................................................................... 12 2.2.2 Maturity and size as crucial factors in collision sports .......................................... 20 2.3 LONG TERM ATHLETE DEVELOPMENT IN CONTACT SPORT ........................ 22 2.4 FACTORS IMPACTING ON PLAYER IDENTIFICATION IN CONTACT SPORTS 26 2.4.1 Physical maturation ............................................................................................. 27 2.4.2 Psychological Maturity......................................................................................... 30 v 2.5 CHAPTER CONCLUSION .................................................................................... 31 CHAPTER 3: TERTIARY SPORT PARTICIPATION SYSTEMS: AMERICAN FOOTBALL VERSUS VARSITY RUGBY ............................................................................................... 32
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