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Fiqh of Fasting الصوم

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Fiqh of Fasting الصوم Ramadan Prep Workshop 1 FIQH OF FASTING الصوم Thursday, April 9, 2020 Al-Ṣiyām - ام | Al-Ṣawm - ام LINGUISTICALLY ISLAMICALLY To abstain With the intention made in the heart, to abstain from things that nullify the fast from dawn until sunset 2 Components of Fasting - No eating or drinking - No sexual intercourse 3 TIMING 4 ََن شََِ مِكُمَُالّْرَ َْي َُصْ ُ So whoever sights [the new moon of] the month, let him fast it… (Surah Baqarah 2:185) 5 وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَب َُوا حَتّٰى يَتَبَيَّنَ للَكُمُْ الخيَُْطْ الَأبْي َُض مَِن ْالخيَِْطْ الَأْسوَدِ مَِن الْفَْجرِ ۖثَُمَّأ أتُِم ّ ِّوا الصيَامَِإإل ََى اللّيِْل And eat and drink until the white thread of dawn becomes distinct to you from the black thread [of night]. Then complete the fast until the sunset. (Surah Baqarah 2:187) 6 VIRTUES & BENEFITS Mentioned in Revelation 7 يَا اَأيهَا الَِّينَامَنُوا كُتِبَ عَلَيُْمُالصِّ يَامُ كَمَا كُتِبَ عَلَى الَِّينَ مِنقَبْلُِمْ لَعَلَُّمْتَتَّقُونَ ﴿١٨٣﴾ O you who have believed, decreed upon you is fasting as it was decreed upon those before you that you may become righteous. (Surah Baqarah 2:183) 8 َحَّدَثَنُا اَأبونَُعْيٍمَ، حَّدَثَنا الَأْعَمُشَ، عْن اَأبَِي صالٍِحَ، عْن اَأبُِي هَرْيَرَةَ، عِن النَِّبِّي صلى الله عليه وَسلم قَال " َيُقوُل اللَُّهَ عَّزَ وَجَّلَّالصْوُم لَِي وَاَأنْا اَأجِزي بِِهَ يَدُعَ شْهَوَتُهَ وْاَأكَلُهَ وُشْرَبُهِ مْنْ اَأجِلَي، وَّالصْوُمُ جنٌَّةَ،ولَِّلصاِِم َفْرَحَتِانَ فْرَحٌةِ حَينُ يْفِطُرَ وَفْرَحٌةِ حَينَ يْلَقَى ربَُّهَ، وَلَخُلوُفَ فِمَّ الصاِِمْ اَأطَيُبِ عْنَد اللَِّهِ مْنِرِيح ْالِمْسِك " . said, "Allah said: The Fast is for Me and I will give the (ﷺ) Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet reward for it, as he (the one who observes the fast) leaves his sexual desire, food and drink for My Sake. Fasting is a screen (from Hell) and there are two pleasures for a fasting person, One at the time of breaking his fast, and the other at the time when he will meet his Lord. And the smell of the mouth of a fasting person is better in Allah's Sight than the smell of musk." (Sahih Bukhari) 9 Other Virtues & Benefits ● Compassion ● Discipline ● Identity ● Community 10 RAMADAN - رن 11 WHEN WAS RAMADAN MADE FARD? 10th of Sha’ban in the 2nd year of Hijrah (Tabari, Ibn Kathir) 12 Who HAS to fast in Ramadan? ● Muslim ● Adult ● Mentally sound ● Healthy (physically capable) ● Resident ● A woman free from menstruation or post-natal bleeding 13 Got Niyyah? ● Requirement ● What constitutes niyyah? ● Preferred intention ● Timing of intention 14 Sunan of Fasting ● Suhur ● Iftar 15 Terminology Qada - اء ● Kaffarah - فارة ● ● - Fidya 16 Nullifiers - ات ام Qada but NO Kaffarah Qada & Kaffarah ● Vomiting intentionally ● Eating or drinking ● Fast broken due to legitimate ● Sexual intercourse reasons ● Smoking ● Nose drops/Inhalers 17 Exemptions QADA FIDYA ● Travel ● Old age ● Sickness ● Terminal Illness ● Pregnancy ● Breastfeeding ● Menstruation ● Post-natal Bleeding 18 Disliked Acts - وت ● Tastes like chicken ● Chew ● Don’t be lazy ● Don’t be a baby ● No Wudu Warrior ● Let’s take it outside ● !#@*%@! ● “Did you hear….” ● No marathons ● Toothpaste 19 Keep on Fasting Things that do not Break the Fast 20 Bodily Functions Accidental Application ● Vomiting ● Eating ● Oil ● Saliva ● Drinking ● Lotion ● Nocturnal ● Dust ● Eyeliner emission ● Bugs ● Cologne ● Impurity Hygiene Medicinal ● Showering ● Injections/IV ● Miswak ● Ear drops ● Eye drops ● Insulin 21 TARAWIH - او ● Virtue ● History ● Status ● Qur’an ● Difference of opinion 22 I’TIKAF - اف ● Meaning ● Ruling & status ● Minimum & recommended ● Virtue & importance 23.
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