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Life in Old Loweswater
LIFE IN OLD LOWESWATER Cover illustration: The old Post Office at Loweswater [Gillerthwaite] by A. Heaton Cooper (1864-1929) Life in Old Loweswater Historical Sketches of a Cumberland Village by Roz Southey Edited and illustrated by Derek Denman Lorton & Derwent Fells Local History Society First published in 2008 Copyright © 2008, Roz Southey and Derek Denman Re-published with minor changes by www.derwentfells.com in this open- access e-book version in 2019, under a Creative Commons licence. This book may be downloaded and shared with others for non-commercial uses provided that the author is credited and the work is not changed. No commercial re-use. Citation: Southey, Roz, Life in old Loweswater: historical sketches of a Cumberland village, www.derwentfells.com, 2019 ISBN-13: 978-0-9548487-1-2 ISBN-10: 0-9548487-1-3 Published and Distributed by L&DFLHS www.derwentfells.com Designed by Derek Denman Printed and bound in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Ltd LIFE IN OLD LOWESWATER Historical Sketches of a Cumberland Village Contents Page List of Illustrations vii Preface by Roz Southey ix Introduction 1 Chapter 1. Village life 3 A sequestered land – Taking account of Loweswater – Food, glorious food – An amazing flow of water – Unnatural causes – The apprentice. Chapter 2: Making a living 23 Seeing the wood and the trees – The rewards of industry – Iron in them thare hills - On the hook. Chapter 3: Community and culture 37 No paint or sham – Making way – Exam time – School reports – Supply and demand – Pastime with good company – On the fiddle. Chapter 4: Loweswater families 61 Questions and answers – Love and marriage – Family matters - The missing link – People and places. -
Penny 1 - 64 5 Penny 65 - 166 15 Threepence 167 - 221 32 4 1914 Halfpenny (Obv 1/Rev A)
LOT 8 LOT 15 LOT 100 LOT 180 Stunning! That was my first impression of this fantastic collection. So many superb grade coins, superb strikes, wonderful old tone, beautiful eye appeal, in a word - sexy… the list of superlatives goes on. Handling a Complete Collection such as the Benchmark Collection is a once in a lifetime opportunity, and we are proud to present this magnificent collection, in conjunction with Strand Coins (who have compiled it over many years with the current owner). We have included many notes and comments by Mark Duff of Strand Coins due to his intimate knowledge of every coin and it’s provenance, as well as a comprehensive, never before released illustrated “Key” to each and every coin Obverse and Reverse die type. As such, the catalogue, the information and images it contains will truly become a Benchmark in their own right. The quality of the George V coins right across the board is simply unbeatable, the Florins contain so many breathtaking coins, the Silver issues are all struck up, the Copper has many amazing coins, and most of the “Varieties” are amongst the finest, if not the finest known. The grading by NGC is very even across every lot, and if anything, is sometimes conservative given the genuine superb quality of the collection. We are proud to offer this complete “Benchmark” collection, the likes of which may not be seen on the market ever again. Viewing In Sydney: Monday 5th to Saturday 10th January 2015, Strand Coins, Ground Floor Shop 1c Strand Arcade, 412-414 George St, Sydney NSW 2000 10am to 5pm. -
A Penny All the Way
SECOND BRITISH g q [\ ] £ Ţ EDITION. A PENNY ALL THE WAY THE STORY OF PENNY POSTAGE BY FRED. J. MELVILLE PRESIDENT OF THE JUNIOR PHILATELIC SOCIETY LONDON : 4 7, S trand. W. C f— 7 l£t * S 'J Photo] [ Passano. THE RIGHT HON. SYDNEY BUXTON M.P. A P e n n y a l l t h e W a y . INTRODUCTORY. n preparing this short story of penny postage at a time when popular interest in the subject is aroused by the inauguration of penny postage between Great Britain and the United States, the writer has given his chief attention to the more obscure phases of the develop ment of the idea of penny postage. Rowland Hill and his great struggle to impress both the Post Office and the Treasury officials with the main arguments in favour of Uniform Penny Postage are matters which are dealt with in our histories. But of his namesake, John Hill, who tried hard to induce the Council of State to look favourably upon a similar plan nearly two hundred years earlier, nothing is known. The name of William Dockwra is known only to students of postal history and to philatelists. Yet he established and conducted what was in many senses a better system of local postage in London in 1680, at the rate of one penny per letter, than was in existence in 1840. After Rowland Hill came one Elihu Burritt, “ the learned blacksmith,” whose memory is cherished in the United States, and who, long before his own country had adopted Uniform Penny Postage, urged Great Britain to give the world what he termed “ Ocean Penny Postage,” which was different to, yet anticipatory of, Imperial Penny Postage and Universal Penny Postage, which became the questions of later years. -
First Session, Commencing at 9.30 Am MISCELLANEOUS AUSTRALIAN
11 First Session, Commencing at 9.30 am Edward VII - Elizabeth II, penny, 1925; threepence, 1910; shilling, 1915H; florins, 1927 Canberra, 1943S, 1951 Jubilee (3), 1953, 1954 Royal Visit, 1957, 1961. Good - uncirculated. (13) $150 12 MISCELLANEOUS AUSTRALIAN COINS George V - Elizabeth II, fl orins, 1918M impressed on obverse 'Sir Charles Hotham' (VG reverse damaged), 1927 Canberra, 1943S, 1954 Royal Visit; shillings, 1943 (VF), 1961-1963; sixpence, 1954; threepences, 1910, 1921M (VF), 1962-1964. 1 In three brand new Supreme albums, uncirculated unless George V, shilling, 1917M; halfpenny, 1930. Attractively otherwise indicated. (14) toned extremely fi ne/good very fi ne; cleaned very fi ne. (2) $250 $50 13 2 George V - Elizabeth II, fl orins, 1927 Canberra (2); sixpence, George V, threepence, 1936; fl orin, 1936. Extremely fi ne; 1922; threepences, 1923 (2); also varieties, fl orins, 1946 mottled toning on obverse, nearly extremely fi ne. (2) large 6 and die cracks, 1951 Jubilee fl orin with die cracks; $70 sixpences, 1928 upright 8, 1934 (3, two with wide date, 3 one with tilted 4); threepences, 1924 dot under emu's tail, George VI, threepence - fl orin, set of four, 1938. The shilling 1934/3 overdate, 1934 arrow close to 4. Very good - very nearly uncirculated, the rest uncirculated, all with mint fi ne. (14) bloom. (4) $100 $200 14 4 Australian medalets, and world issues, also a few tinnies, George V - George VI, penny, 1946; halfpennies, 1914, noted an Irish love token of a gilt Queen Victoria farthing 1930, 1942. The fi rst cleaned now retoning, otherwise very with a green enamel shamrock inset on each side, also silver good - very fi ne. -
Gold, Silver and the Double-Florin
GOLD, SILVER AND THE DOUBLE-FLORIN G.P. DYER 'THERE can be no more perplexing coin than the 4s. piece . .'. It is difficult, perhaps, not to feel sympathy for the disgruntled Member of Parliament who in July 1891 expressed his unhappiness with the double-florin.1 Not only had it been an unprecedented addition to the range of silver currency when it made its appearance among the Jubilee coins in the summer of 1887, but its introduction had also coincided with the revival after an interval of some forty years of the historic crown piece. With the two coins being inconveniently close in size, weight and value (Figure 1), confusion and collision were inevitable and cries of disbelief greeted the Chancellor of the Exchequer, George Goschen, when he claimed in the House of Commons that 'there can hardly be said to be any similarity between the double florin and the crown'.2 Complaints were widespread and minting of the double-florin ceased in August 1890 after scarcely more than three years. Its fate was effectively sealed shortly afterwards when an official committee on the design of coins, appointed by Goschen, agreed at its first meeting in February 1891 that it was undesirable to retain in circulation two large coins so nearly similar in size and value and decided unanimously to recommend the withdrawal of the double- florin.3 Its demise passed without regret, The Daily Telegraph recalling a year or two later that it had been universally disliked, blessing neither him who gave nor him who took.4 As for the Fig. -
British Coins
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ BRITISH COINS 567 Eadgar (959-975), cut Halfpenny, from small cross Penny of moneyer Heriger, 0.68g (S 1129), slight crack, toned, very fine; Aethelred II (978-1016), Penny, last small cross type, Bath mint, Aegelric, 1.15g (N 777; S 1154), large fragment missing at mint reading, good fine. (2) £200-300 with old collector’s tickets of pre-war vintage 568 Aethelred II (978-1016), Pennies (2), Bath mint, long -
PDF Catalogue
LOT 312 LOT 429 LOT 430 LOT 439 PART Welcome to our first Live Auction for 2015! This Auction has a simply amazing selection of many really interesting and high quality items, and is also very special, as it marks our 30th Anniversary as IAG, and 30 years of Auctions from 1985 to date. While we record this sale as Sale number 82, before our “numbered” sales we ran monthly Numismatic Auctions for 10 years, along with Jewellery, Antiques, Collectables and Artwork sales, so our real number of Numismatic auctions would be in the hundreds, and double that for total Auctions! Over the years we have handled some amazing items, and still hold a number of record prices for sales (including the highest price ever achieved for any Australian Numismatic Item), and I think this Auction would sit proudly amongst anything we have ever done. We here at IAG are all looking forward to another 30 years! Please Note: We have moved all our main Auctions to a Saturday, as we feel this best fits in with our clients needs. Major Auctions will be held on a Saturday, whilst smaller, more frequent Online Auctions will be held on a Monday or Tuesday night. We are continuing to expand and improve our Online bidding experience. As the first major Auction house to hold Online sales, our success has seen them go from strength to strength. We are continuing to evolve our processes to make them even better, and more frequent, and appreciate any feedback in this process you might have. We also do NOT charge any extra fees to live bid Online as others now are. -
Fifteenth Session, Commencing at 7.30 Pm AUSTRALIAN BANKNOTES
4534* Fifteenth Session, Commencing at 7.30 pm The Bank of Adelaide, one pound, Adelaide, 1st June 1893, 894370 two ink signatures (MVR.3). Punch hole 'cancelled' twice, multiple folds and creases, otherwise fi ne and rare. $4,500 Ex Barrie Newmann Collection, presented to him by the Bank of Adelaide AUSTRALIAN BANKNOTES in 1977 after 25 years of service. The Bank closed in 1979. PRIVATE BANK ISSUES 4535* Bank of Australasia, printer's proof for one pound (circa 1838) Launceston 18- No- (MVR type 1?), not numbered, unsigned, on paper, no watermark, imprint Ashby & Co. London, vignette of Royal Arms in centre all within a rectangular border, with Launceston on three sides, two colour printed, blue denomination on black main print. '204 Cls' in pencil on back of note. Right side margin with 6mm tear, otherwise good very fi ne and extremely rare. $12,500 4533* Prommissory note, John Hutchinson two shillings and sixpence No 79 Sydney, May 8 1813, copper coin crossed out, currency written in; Bill of exchange, third of exchange, No 55 Hobart Town Van Diemens Land 'August 14 1830 for £30-0-0 to John Dunn. A unique combination of a Sydney note and a Tasmanian note paid by the same man, 1813 and 1830, very fi ne and historically important. (2) $20,000 Signature on the fi rst is J. Hutchison and on the second John Hutchinson. The fi rst ex W.G. & L.M. Wright Collection (lot 1899). 4536* Bank of Australasia, fi ve pounds, Hobart Town, 15th May 1866 (cf.MVR type 2(a)). -
Page Column Line Action
136 D.J. Cale et al. Corrigenda Abbott, I. (1999). The avifauna of the forests of southwest Western Australia: Changes in species composition, distribution and abundance following anthropogenic disturbance. CALMScience Supplement No. 55, 1-175. The following corrections should be noted: TEXT PAGE COLUMN LINE ACTION 2 2 4-5* Delete reference to Keartland collecting in forests in 1895 near King George Sound 6 1 31** Change ?1905 to 1907 6 1 32** Change ?1906 to 1907 31 1 18** Change Figure 3 to Figure 4 44 2 20* Change Storr 199 to Storr 1991 67 1 13* Change 1829 to 1830 97 2 5* Change Zoologishe to Zoologische * counting from bottom of page, ** from top TABLES PAGE ACTION 140 The rows Leipoa ocellata, Coturnix novaezelandiae and Coturnix ypsilophora are out of sequence. Place them after Dromaius novaehollandiae, as is the case elsewhere in Table 2. 148 (No. 41) Change 102 to 10 and 500 to 2 500 149 (No. 45) Change 201 to 20 and 750 to 1 750 152 (Meliphaga virescens) ‘Brown’ in column 1 belongs in column 3 156 The dots in rows Merops ornatus through to Smicrornis brevirostris should commence immediately from under the column headed W List of Referees The Science Publications Unit expresses grateful appreciation for the contributions made by the following reviewers (as well as a small number who preferred to remain anonymous) of manuscripts for publication in Conservation Science Western Australia Volume 4 2001-2002 Ray Bird, Tourism Consultant, Perth. Jonathan Brand, Forest Products Commission, Perth. Dr Penny Butcher, CSIRO, Forestry and Forest Products. -
The Bank of England and Earlier Proposals for a Decimal ,Coinage
The Bank of England and earlier proposals for a decimal ,coinage The introduction of a decimal system of currency in Febru ary 1971 makes it timely to recall earlier proposals for decimalisation with which the Bank were concerned. The establishment of a decimal coinage has long had its advocates in this country.As early as 1682 Sir William Petty was arguing in favour of a system which would make it possible to "keep all Accompts in a way of Decimal Arith metick".1 But the possibility of making the change did not become a matter of practical politics until a decade later, when the depreciated state of the silver currency made it necessary to undertake a wholesale renewal of the coinage. The advocates of decimalisation, including Sir Christopher Wren - a man who had to keep many 'accompts' - saw in the forthcoming renewal an opportunity for putting the coin age on a decimal basis.2 But the opportunity was not taken. In 1696 - two years after the foundation of the Bank - the expensive and difficult process of recoinage was carried through, but the new milled coins were issued in the tra ditional denominations. Although France and the United States, for different reasons, adopted the decimal system in the 18th century, Britain did not see fit to follow their example. The report of a Royal Commission issued in 1819 considered that the existing scale for weights and measures was "far more con venient for practical purpose,s than the Decimal scale".3 The climate of public opinion was, however, changing and in 1849 the florin was introduced in response to Parliamentary pressure as an experimental first step towards a decimal ised coinage. -
Stamping a Nation's Image: Currency & Stamps – Australia's Centenary Of
Stamping a Nation’s Image PROCEEDINGS Currency & Stamps - Australia’s Centenary of Federation Ralph G.C. Bartlett FFIAV Secretary-General Emeritus, FIAV & President, The Flag Society of Australia As we are all aware 2001 is a very significant year for ices of New South Wales and Queensland who issued vexillology. It is the one hundredth anniversary of the identical stamps in 1903 (Fig. 4). This stamp depicts Commonwealth of Australia and its national flag, and a “Commonwealth” arch with each State’s initials and coincidentally the two hundredth anniversary of the founding years on the columns, inside of which is a United Kingdom’s current Union Flag – Australia’s colo- seated Britannia holding a “Federation” Shield. nial and constitutional parent. Upon the proclamation of the Commonwealth of Australia on the 1st. January 1901, we had no official distinctive national symbols, currency, postage stamps or even an effective capital city. Sydney was the venue to launch the new federal Commonwealth, but its Parlia- 4. (1903) State “Commonwealth” Stamps ment was to commence sitting in Melbourne in May 1901. Even worse, Australia’s government took 9 months to approve a preferred national flag. As an interim measure Australians flew a variety of locally designed “national” flags. The most predominant of these were the Fed- eration Movement Flag (Fig.1) and the Herald Federal 5. (1910) Australian Threepence Coin Flag (Fig. 2). Following an international competition, on the 3rd September 1901, the Federal Government announced the winning design for the new national flag for Australia (Fig. 3). 6. (1913) 1d (Penny) Stamp These stamps were originally to be the first Australian postage stamps, but the six States and the Federal Gov- 1. -
Treasury Reporting Rates of Exchange As of March 31, 1978
TREASURY REPORTING RATES OF EXCHANGE AS OF MARCH 31, 1978 DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Fiscal Service Bureau of Government Financial Operations FOREWORD This report is prepared to promulgate exchange rate information pursuant to Section 613 of P.L. 87-195 dated September 4, 1961 (22 USC 2363(b)) which grants the Secretary of the Treasury "sole authority to establish for all foreign currencies or credits the exchange rates at which such currencies are to be reported by all agencies of the Government." The primary purpose of this report is to insure that foreign currency reports prepared by agencies shall be consistent with regularly published Treasury foreign currency reports as to amounts stated in foreign currency units and U.S. dollar equivalents. This includes all foreign currencies in which the U.S. Government has an interest, including receipts and disbursements, accrued revenues and expenditures, authorizations, obligations, receivables and payables, refunds, and similar reverse transaction items. Exceptions to using the reporting rates as shown in this report are collections and refunds to be valued at specified rates set by international agreements, conversions of one foreign currency into another, foreign currencies sold for dollars and other types of transactions affecting dollar appropriations. See Treasury Circular No, 930, Section 4a (3) of Procedures Memorandum No. 1 for further details. This quarterly report reflects exchange rates at which foreign currencies can be acquired by the U.S. Government for official expenditures as reported by Disbursing Officers for each post on the last business day of the month prior to the date of the published report.