m u t b z r s i t y o f Gl a m h r i b g e

C OLLE G E H IS T OR IE S

BY T H E

V H W PE TTIT V M A L R E . . . . M . L . STE ENS , ,

FOR ME RL Y S CHOL AR OF DOW NING COL L E G E

R E CTOR OF E A ST HAT L E Y AND V ICA R

OF TADL W A MBRIDG E S HIRE O , C

LO N D O N F E R OBIN . S N . O

20 G REAT USSELL STR EET B OOMSB R Y R , L U

1 899

I N T R OD U C T I ON

OWNING D , the youngest of the Cambridge

l . Co leges , is not yet a century old The very brevity of its historian’ s task constitutes his f l di ficu ty . Unlike his collaborators in the m present series , he has at his disposal no ass of material from W hose abundance it is easy to furnish his readers W ith a mingled feast of solid antiquarianism and quaint gossip . And yet the story Which he has to tell is fraught W ith more associations o f general and even national interest than might have been expected from so short a period as a single

o f century . Through the foresight the

W h o younger Pitt , inspired the Charter,

Downing College led the way , in Oxford and

a a C mbridge , both by rele sing the great mass o f the fellowships from all restrictions that vi INTRODUCTION i mposed celibacy , or residence , or entrance into ecclesiastical Orders and also by appro pr ia t ing part of its revenues to t h e support of exceptionally eminent teachers with

Professorial duties and dignity . Hence it came about that the College attracted to itself a remarkable number of members whose careers became a portion of the public

r history of their country . In the fi st half century of its existence it possessed a Fellow who rose to the exceptional honour of being twice made L ord Chancellor— Lord Cran worth ; in its second half-century it pos

—Mr sessed another Fellow . Henn Collins —who has already become a Lord Justice of

Appeal . Still more recently , its list of Fe llows included the name of the present

Premier of the Cape Colony , Mr . Schreiner. And even before the College took concrete shape , the circumstances which paved the way for its fou ndation are of some national

e importance . The first Sir G orge Downing was directly a nd indirectly a maker of INTRODUCTION vii

Na vi a t i on British history . He inspired the g A c t the foundation of our mercantile marine , and consequently of our Navy , and consequently of our colonies and spheres of influence . He was also the direct cause of

A r o r i a t i on A c t the pp p , an Act indispensable, in every session , for government at home and one which has been adopted by all our self governing colonies . We may perhaps be able to surmise on substantial grounds a some what kindred i nfiu e nce for good on British history in the fact that Queen Victoria wa s instructed in Constitutional La w by an old D owning man , Professor Amos , and that the Prince of Wales learned law and history within the very walls of Downing from the teaching of Professor Birkbeck . It will be seen that the remorselessness of contemporary documents exhibits both our Founder and his father in a somewhat it unattractive light . But must be remem bered that , under the later Stuarts and the earlier Georges , the general tone in religion viii INTR ODU CTION and morals was deplorable alike in the highest and in the lowest classes . Examples from the memoirs of those who lived in that period prove this but too evidently the evil ways of life of the very Princes of the blood royal being notorious even to their own

n a co tempor ries . The advance of University Reform has gone far to assimilate the constitution of other Colleges to that of Downing . But , if it has lost the peculiarities of organisation

n which were its origi al attraction , the lapse of time is steadily laying t h e foundations of a new attractiveness by developing the unique character of its local situation as a

It s Park in the heart of a busy town .

undergraduates , with their own cricket and football field within the very precincts of

the College , as well as with a boathouse of their o wn and a reading and debating room

of their own , and with the exceptional size

and loftiness of their College rooms , have much that adds to the pleasantness of a

C ON T E N T S

CR A P.

I T E OWNIN G S . H D

I I . EARLY H ISTORY OF THE C OLLE G E TO T HE

LAYIN G OF THE FOU NDATION -STONE

II I E R IS OR O S OC I . A LY H T Y F THE ETY

IV M STERS . A

P RO SSORS V . FE

E O S TUTORS N E CT U RERS V I. W F LL , A D L

I E OW C O M M ONERS V I . F LL

III M IS C E NEO US V . LLA

INDE X L I S T O F ILLUST R ATIONS

’ BIRD S -E YE V IEW OF DOWNIN G

LADY DOWNIN G

’ T HE MASTER S LOD G E

INTERIOR OF T HE HALL

T HE BOAT -HO U SE

SO M E OF T HE C OLLE G E P LATE

THE END OF THE AV EN UE

THE C OLLE G E SEAL C H A P T E R

T H E D O W N I N G S

DOW NING College is due to a curious chapter in family history . A brief glance at the lives ofsome of the members of the Downing family will explain this .

The first Sir George Downing , Baronet , by a not too overscrupulous masterfulness has obtained for himself a place among the

o f makers English history . He , the most noteworthy member of the family ( which became extinct in the third generation) , was b 1 624 born in Dublin a out the year , and was a grandson of a George Downing , a graduate

’ of Queens College , Cambridge , who became Headmaster of the Ipswich Grammar School in the days of Queen Elizabeth . This Head master was in his day a man o f some repute

A 2 DOWNING COLLEGE we find that he was paid by the municipality twenty shillings for making a speech on

Coronation Day . To a son Joseph he bequeaths books at Ipswich and Cambridge ; to his daughters he leaves money as well as

books . His son Emanuel , the father of Sir

George , seems to have been provided for ’ i S during his father s l fetime , as he was ent

’ to Queens College , Cambridge , and after wards became a barrister of the Middle

Temple . Emanuel Downing was one of the most active spirits in the foundation of the

colony of Massachusetts . With respect to

this settlement we are told , perhaps with f insu ficient historical evidence , by Judge Haliburton that History can scarcely furnish a parallel to the consummate hypo

cr i sy of the founders of this Republic . In this statement may be found some explana tion of the lack of moral backbone which appears to be almost inbred in the first Sir — George Downing a lack of principle to which those who lived in his day have borne THE DOWNINGS 3 l ’ amp e witness . Emanuel Downing s first if w e was Anne , daughter of Sir James Ware “ of Dublin , father of Sir James Ware , the ” B Camden o f Ireland . yher he had several children . One of Sir George Downing’ s sisters was second wife of Governor Simon Bradstreet ; e another , Mary , marri d Thomas Barnardiston ff of Kedington , Su olk . L ucy Winthrop , the mother of Sir George Downing and the second wife of Emanuel ff Downing , was married at Groton , Su olk , on

h o f 1 622 the l ot April . She was the sister

o f o f Adam Winthrop , the first Governor

Massachusetts . m L E anuel and his wife ucy , as their characters may be read between the lines o f

their domestic correspondence , do not suggest

parents actuated by strict Puritan motives , but rather convey the impression of an over

grasping worldly couple . It is interesting to note the thrifty managing woman in the

o f N mother the first Sir George . ow she 4 DOWNING COLLEGE

- rates a step daughter , the child of her

’ a husband s Irish wife , for being idle bout “ housework , for being neglectful of her brother’ s bands the young girl was not careful to iron out those broad white collars which are to be seen on portraits of this . period . More unpardonable still , this young “ ’ lady was prodigal of her father s purse . This thrifty stewardship of another’ s money which Lucy Downing grieved to find lacking in her Celtic step - daughter was a marked feature in the character of her son George .

It was this maternal business capacity , cooled and hardened in a masculine mould , that inspired the son— when one of the Tellers of 1 665 the Exchequer in the Session of , at the time a Supply ” of was voted for the Dutch War , after more than two million pounds for the same purpose had been voted the year before— to introduce into the Subsidy

Bill a proviso , that the money raised by virtue of that Act was to be applied only to those ends for which it was given—the carrying on

6 DOWNING COLLEGE committee, of which Downing was chosen secretary .

Pepys observes on this step , they have done a great thing in it , for he [Downing] is active and a man of business and values himself upon having of things do well under ”

. n his hand Pepys was right, for Downi g , amongst other enlightened measures , abolished the method of contracting Government loans

’ through the Goldsmiths Company ; a nd it was through his advice the Trea sury constituted itself a bank .

Pepys , who was clerk at the Admiralty w under Do ning, also shows us how Downing 1 65 9 did not forget to look after himself. In we read in his diary : Called for some papers at Whitehall for Mr . Downing , one of which was an order of the council for 1 8 00 £ to be paid monthly , and the other two orders to t he Commissioners of Customs ” to let his goods go free . Downing carried his business habits to excess , and proved too good a manager, as THE DOWNINGS 7 we find his poor mother complaining of her

’ ’

son s niggardliness . She lived at her son s

East Hatley manor -house in not too sump

t u ou s a mansion , seeing that it paid hearth

tax on but five hearths . From this house she writes words of expostulation against the meagre starvation pittance allowed her

wh o by her prosperous son , at the time was adding manor to manor and lands to lands . The son seems to have been impartial in his meanness . One who lived about this time has set down his wonderment that for reasons of thrift Sir George at Christmas treated t his workpeople , on wha is now the College

t a r e : estate to the following bill of first , beef, then porridge , then pudding , and last

a ll of , pork . It is noteworthy to find Downing’ s mother taking a keen interest in education , and in writing to her brother , Governor Winthrop , i n 1 636 the autumn of , expressing a trust that her son George might find means of 8 DO WNING COLLEGE

higher education in Massachusetts . It is curious to note that in the October of that year the General Court of Massachusetts gives £400 to what later on grew into Harvard

. College Domestic papers , did they survive ,

S might how , as seems highly probable , that this letter was the first cause of Harvard 1 642 n College , of which in Dow ing was the

second graduate , and where for a time we

ff m a find him on the educational sta . It y ,

indeed , be that our Founder , the grandson of

this junior lecturer, inherited from this educa

- tion fostering ancestor as well as, through

him , from the Headmaster of Ipswich Gram

a mar School , trend towards education which

made itself felt when , in no charitable frame L of mind towards his wife , ady Downing ,

he was making his will , and when he would

no doubt have been asked by the lawyer , whose training would have made him antici pate the unexpected , what was to be done with his estates in the case of the extinction

— a t of his name . To meet this that time THE DOWNINGS 9 most unlikely contingency— provision was

made for Downing College .

Downing , after about two years of educa

t io na l work at Harvard , sailed to the West

Indies . We find him preaching at Barbadoes

and elsewhere . In a letter of S . Henshaw to 1 6 1 671 Sir Robert Paston , December , , we read They say the Dutch have alr eady printed a book called the Sermons o f his

Excellence Sir George Downey , Embassador fo r the King of Great Britain to the States

f r l General , preached be ore Sir Arthu Haze

’ OKe &c . rig , Colonel y , Colonel Baxter, Portions of a sermon of his preached at

Hackney have survived . His spiritual work was remembered in the 1 65 7 House , for in June no minister being present in the House of Commons to read prayers when the Speaker took the Chair , when the House had waited some time a

’ little debate arose on the minister s absence , in the course of which Major- General Whal l ey told Mr . Downing that he was a minister 10 DOWNING COLLEGE

h e and would have him perform the work .

Mr . Downing acknowledged he was once a

minister , but seems to have declined to act

as chaplain . Later we find he joins Cromwell’ s army in

Scotland , where he holds the rank of Scout

- 1 4 . 5 5 M Master General In he was P . for d E inburgh . In this year he married a lady greatly dis

t in u is h e d g for beauty , Frances (she died sud de nly in sister of the first Earl of Car

lisle . Over the south door of East Hatley 1 633 Church , above the date , are the Down ing arms impaling those of the Earl of Car

lisle . A good marriage , such as was to be looked for in the son of a father who is shown by his correspondence to have been not over scrupulous in seeking to match ” some of his older children . Downing was employed On important diplo matic work by Cromwell . Now , as special envoy to the French Court , he has inter views with Maz arin about the Vaudois atroci THE DOWNING S 1 1

now ties ; , as Resident at the Hague on £ 1 000 a year, he works hard to carry out — a plan worthy of a Puritan statesman a plan having no meaner an object than the con federation of all the Protestant Powers .

At the Restoration , by what appears to ff have been judicious trimming , the di erent stages of which now are quite untraceable , seeing that at the time they were carried on with all secrecy , Downing made his peace with the Court . His excuse for his want of

’ taste l n j o m m g Cromwell s party was that he had been beguiled in the ignorance o f youth while in New England . The result of this beguilement h a d been that Downing was t h e first to suggest that the Instrument of Government ” should be abolished to make

fo r way a Cromwellian dynasty . It was in Massachusetts “ where he was brought up and sucked in principles that since his reason ” had made him see were erroneous . There is also a story which Sir George L ockhart , who was a boy when Downing 12 DOWNING COLLEGE

died , the author of the Memoirs of Scot

land , and a strong sympathiser with the

’ Stuarts , wrote in his copy of Clarendon s L History . Thirty years after the death of ock hart it was Copied into the Whi t e ha ll E ve ni ng

P os t . It is to the effect that the first Sir George Downing was made envoy from Crom

- well to the States General , and got a great estate owing to the following incident “ When King Charles the Second was r e siding a t Brussels he went to the Hague at night in disguise to pay a secret visit to his — sister , the Princessof Orange another version says it was to visit the Queen -mother attended only byLo r d Falkland ; and putting up at an inn , after he had been there some time the landlord came to these strangers and said there was a beggar - man at the door who was very importunate to be admitted to them , on which the King seemed surprised , and after L l speaking to ord Falkland , bid the land ord

e admit the man . As soon as this b ggar ” entered he pulled off his beard [which he had

1 4 DOWNING COLLEGE to have good information as to What was

being done by the Royalist exiles in France, and thus to hear of any dealings between

’ n them and Cromwell s embassy i Holland . Part of this large estate was a grant from the King of the ground on which Downing

Street , Whitehall, now stands . It is interest ing to note that at the beginning of the present century there was no other official residence in this street of world - wide celebrity than the house which belonged by right of f L o fice to the First ord of the Treasury . 1 1 t h 1 65 8 On the of October , Downing writes as follows from the Hague to the Secretary of State in London My former letters did give you an account

of Charles Stuart having been in this country .

I knew every place he was at , and what

company came with him and to him . But, it being the first time I had complained in that

kind , I did not think it necessary to mention

a ll . places He was at Amsterdam, but very privately . He was also at the Old Princess THE DOWNINGS 1 5 D ’ i . owager s , and most nobly enterta ned by her But I do not find there was much more in all

that , than taking his pleasure and I can

’ assure you that upon his Highness death , he ” repaired forthwith for Don John . This remarkably confirms the story for it

’

shows , by Downing s own admission, that he ’ d had been aware of Charles visit to Hollan , and of all his movements ; and also that he had not thought fit to disclose a ll those movements to his own employers in London — perhaps suppressing that very part o f Charles’ journey in which he himself had held

secret communication with him . Nothing can be said in extenuation of Downing ’ s treacherous dealings with three of

. 1 2 1 662 the regicides On March , , Pepys

tells us, This morning we had news from — Mr . Coventry that Sir George Downing like

e r fidio u s a p rogue , though the action is good and of service to the King, yet he cannot with a good conscience do it — hath taken

Okey , Corbet and Barkstead [they were 16 DOWNING COLLEGE executed on the 1 9t h of the following month] “ at Delft in Holland , and sent them home

Bla ckm r o e . in the Sir W . Pen , talking to m e this afternoon of what a strange thing it is for Downing to do this , he told me of a speech he made in the Lords States of

Holland , telling them to their faces , that he observed that he was not received with the respect and observance now, that he was when he came from that traitor Cromwell ;

b a t h by whom , I am sure, he hath got all he in the world, and they knew it too . He ” is so stingy a fellow I care not to see him . t The Dutch , Pepys adds , were reluc ant to permit the regicides to leave Delft . But i All Downing was pers stent . the world takes notice of him as a most ungrateful ” L l . vi lain for his pains udlow, describing this transaction , says the three regicides came secretly from Germany to Delft to fetch their

n wives . Downing obtai ed a blank warrant , had it filled in , and insisted on their arrest, and had he failed in obtaining the warrant he THE DOWNINGS 1 7 seems to have been prepared to go the length

of kidnapping his victims . He had been

’ preacher and chaplain to Okey s regiment , and is stated to have assured a friend of Okey’ s that he had no order from the King to a ppr e t hend or moles the regicides , and that they might be as safe and free in Delft as he was

himself. Pepys says Downing frequently boasted that he had De Witt’ s pockets picked of his

keys and read his most important documents . Wood styles Downing a sider with all times

and changes , skilled in the common cant,

and a preacher occasionally . Charles made 1 663 Downing a baronet in . Evelyn says Downing had been a great traitor against his Majesty , but now insinuated into his f favour , and rom a pedagogue and fanatic preacher not worth a gr oa t e had become ” excessive rich . This view is borne out by a tract of the time , from which we learn that Downing is held to have pocketed from the Crown and to have been nicknamed 1 8 DOWNING COLLEGE the Household bell to call the courtiers to vote . Sir George died in his sixtieth year in July 1 684 ; Lady Downing had died twelve months earlier . He was buried by the side

’ of his wife in sheep s w o o ll onely in a vault under the chancel of Croydon Church , Cam b r idg e s hir e [affidavit was made of this in accordance with the Act of Parliament of 1 666 , which he must have helped in passing , the object of the Act being to encourage the English woollen trade by lessening the impor

a io n t t o f linen from beyond seas] . This vault ff a ords another proof of his masterfulness , for he made it wit hout consulting the proper authorities . There is no memorial of any kind in Croydon Church to any of the

Downings . Now we come to the parents of the

So Founder of the College . far as we can see , the Founder was as unfortunate as any one could be in the matter of his parents . Perhaps this may afford the key to his self T HE DOWNING S 1 9 willed obstinacy as well as the irregularities

of his life . His father, as was stated in the son’ s divorce proceedings before the House of L “ ords , was accounted not of sound judg ment The episcopal records at Ely show that he was excommunicated for leading an i immoral l fe , and there is evidence given by

a lay contemporary of an illegitimate son . By profession he was one of the Tellers of

life t lm e the Exchequer . He married , in the

of of his father , Katharine , eldest daughter

J . ames , third Earl of Salisbury Her married f A li e was most unhappy , for she died in ugust 1 68 8 from her husband’ s unkindness to

nl her , leaving an o y child , the Founder ,

’ about four years old . The Founder s child hood thus knew nothing o f the kindly

’ shaping of a mother s love . His father, with whom he did not live , for whom he could l have had no feelings of respect , he ost when

- he was about twenty six .

’ His mother s sister , Mary , third daughter L of ord Salisbury , had married Sir W. 20 DOWNING COLLEGE W Forester , Knight , of hitehall , Shropshire , one of the Clerks controller of the Green

Cloth , a masterful man , whom we find taking a strong line of action against the

Stuarts . He was one of the grand jury of Middlesex in 1 680 who drew up a present ment of the Duke of York as a Papist . Sir

’ o r e st e r s - in - W . F father law, the grandfather of the Founder , was a vehement promoter of

- in - the Exclusion Bill . The son law was an equally strong member of the same party , for he collected pikes and gunpowder to help in a rising (which did not come to a head) to

II . overthrow Charles ; but , in spite of this , he seems to have been able to make his peace

with the Government , but at great outlay , as much of the estate timber had to be sacri

fice d . Young Downing was brought up in

’ o r e s t e r s 1 00 Sir W. F family until 7 . In that

year George Downing , without the knowledge “ and consent of his father, was at the age of fif teen , by the Procurement and Persuasion

’ of w m a r r d those in hose keeping he was , y

22 DOWNING COLLEGE

eighteen and somewhere in Italy , had shown to him a letter from Lady Temple to Mistress

’ Miss] Martha Blount [Pope s Flamer , as “ : she was called] , in which she writes I suppose you hear that pretty mistress Fo r e s t h u r Lady Downing] is the new

Maid of Honour . The day on which Downing read this he poured out his heart “ as follows In my retreat here [in Italy] , I have just received news from London which

has filled me with surprise and pain , and shattered the loveliest image man ever dl cherished in his heart . Amidst the i e gossip and scandal of the day I find Lady

Mary figuring not, as I had fondly pictured her in h e r home at Do t hill taking walks and

rides , but as the gay cynosure of all eyes ; blazing as a star of the first rank in the fashionable splendours of Court . This I find confirmed by letters from mutual friends , who think they are pleasing me by their lavish description of the beauty and blandish ments of my idol . Songs and proverbs have By ki nd pe r m zss zc u ] [of Lo r d Fo rest e r LADY DOW NI N G

FROM THE P ORTRAIT AT &VILLEY PARK

THE DOWNINGS 23

’ fickle ne s s all told me of woman s , but I never

‘ believed them ; I said to myself, These are written by men who have had the advantage

of telling their own tales in their own ways .

’ The pen has been in their hands , I thought , and they have written with a bias towards

our own sex , and upon such bias build cir

’ cu m s a nc I t e s in their favour . have tried not to believe the story told me , and to keep silence till I come home . I find I cannot do t h e L so , and that I must speak , for story ady

Temple tells , has pierced me to the heart ; f f yet whilst hal agony I am hal hope . Do write and say it is not t r ue and I will once more offer myself to you afresh with a heart more full than your own , or than my own could have heretofore o known . I have loved n ne but you ; you might think me unjust from your point of view in extracting the promise , but

never have I been inconstant for a moment .

; I can hardly ‘ write by every post I hear something which overpowers me . Write 24 DOWNING COLLEGE immediately , and do say that you have been faithful .

The wife , it seems , had displeased her husband to please her parents , and from no desire of personal aggrandisement . The f -in - ather, and mother law as well as aunt , ff answered the letter to that e ect, taking the blame on themselves and urging the excuses of the royal command , of their unshaken trust in their daughter, who herself added her womanly protestations . All was of no avail ; with a slight acknowledgment of his f ’ wi e s letter, so far as Downing was con cerned , the matter was at an end . He 1 704 returned to England in , having spent the interval in travelling into parts beyond

the seas . without letting his address be known . Not a breath of slander sullied the

L . character of ady Downing Nothing , it seems , can be alleged in favour of the obstinacy of the husband . Ten years were spent in vain in seeking to overcome this obstinacy .

o After s long a period , spent in fruitless THE DOWNINGS 25

- letter writing, the wife petitioned the House of Lords to bring in a Bill for declaring the marriage and marriage contract between

George Downing, Esq . , now Sir G . Downing ,

. Bart , and the petitioner , to be void to all

i n intents and purposes . Downing , his ‘ f answer to this petition , a firmed that the i reasons stated in it were true , and jo ned with her in soliciting the Upper House for

a divorce . The only reasons alleged for the divorce

were sentimental ones . Downing allowed , in L his reply to the petition of ady Downing ,

’ that after three or four years travel , being

solicited to live with his lawful wife , he had refused , that now fourteen years had passed

t h e since marriage ceremony was performed , during that time the parties had not seen each other , and the lady had not taken

n upon herself the name of Dow ing , and such disgusts and aversions have arisen and continue between the two that there i is no possibil ty , of any mutual agreement, 26 DOWNING COLLEGE and so they are very desirous of being set at liberty . The matter was debated in the Upper 26t h House on two occasions , the first on the l h 1 1 5 t 7 5 . of Apri , and then on May , On 1 08 the latter date, in a House of , the Prince

II . of Wales, afterwards George , being present, as well as the Duke of Schomberg , the Earl of Carlisle (who was grandfather to each petitioner, their mothers being his daughters) , after a strenuous debate of nearly

u no t three ho rs , it was decided to grant the petition . The reasons being 1 . Each party was consenting to the mar r i a e g , and was old enough to give such consent according to the known laws of the kingdom . 2 . They were actually married according to the form prescribed by the Church of England , a nd no adultery was alleged ; therefore the marriage continues indissoluble .

Pr a ct ica ll y h the petition (which is said to

28 DOWNING COLLEGE Hers must have been a life overclouded by sadness . Yet she did not allow herself to be overborne by this ; she is praised by those who knew her for her piety and charity . There are also extant copies of prayers which were composed by her . She had also great skill in embroidery . Her portrait (a copy of L which , by the kind leave of ord Forester, forms one of the illustrations of this volume) in the gallery at Willey , Shropshire , shows

’ - her in widow s weeds without a wedding ring. Downing was twenty - four at the time of the divorce proceedings ; he had come into the title

w o r e e c three years earlier . T years after the j tion of the petition for divorce an Act was passed for making more effectual certain articles of agreement between Sir George

Downing and Mary , eldest daughter of Sir W .

Forester . In December of the same year the will was signed which in the end led to the

ni n foundation of Dow g College . Downing — lived thirty - two years longer for fifteen of

— 1 74 9 a t which he was a widower dying in , the THE DOWNINGS 29

fift - fiv e £1 00 age of y , He bequeathed for the

poor of the parishes of Gamlingay , East

Hatley , Tadlow , and Clopton , to be paid

within two months of his death .

After his return from Italy, and before the

divorce proceedings , he had built himself an ” elegant house at Gamlingay , using for this purpose some of the materials of the old mansion - house at East Hatley which had been obtained by his grandfather from the

Castells , a Roundhead family . Tradition says the Castell Estate was granted to Downing after Castell had forfeited it for his republi ca nism . The house at Gamlingay was pulled 1 776 down in October , and sold by auction in large lots . The sale was over in three or fo u r

hours , and the whole of the large extensive £800 house did not sell for more than , having 9 000 L probably cost £ . ady Downing built

herself a house at Putney , and the iron palisades and other materials were sent thither

from Gamlingay . The Founder built himself a very noble pew over the North Chapel of 8 0 DOWNING COLLEGE

Gamlingay Church . In his parish of Tadlow he built a tower for the sake of the extensive view . This now forms part ofthe Tower Farm . 1 744 Here , about the year , Sir George was nearly murdered ; as he was looking over the workmen at it , a villainous fellow took an opportunity of knocking Sir George over the head with a hammer , and had a gun ready charged to have shot him , which he attempted two or three times , and ran after Sir George for that purpose . The fellow owned the fact, and alleged he thought he did no harm by killing a person who paid nobody, and was so ill a landlord and paymaster with so great an estate . Ever since that time Sir George has ” neglected t hat place .

’ Cole, the antiquary, who had a gossip s

’ ” ear and a tatler s pen , but who as an old

Eton boy and a Fellow Commoner of Kings , was favourably placed for knowing what was

n going on in the county, makes the followi g comment on this incident “ Though the fellow is still a prisoner in THE DOWNING S 31

Cambridge Castle , where he is like to end his

fo r days , and very deservedly, however Sir

George may be deserving , it is by no means proper to let such fellows be their own

u ice r s if J s t . For the latter part of his l e he led a most miserable, covetous , and sordid 1 5 00 existence . He has about £ a y ear untenanted about this parish , and has been so these many years , and all his houses are tumbling down This looks very much as if the son , like the father, was not altogether m l . d w of sound judg ent The parish of Ta o ,

l o f which is owned by Downing Co lege , is interest ecclesiastically for the following event, which is to be found in the Life of Archbishop Laud : There happened in the town o f

Tadlow a very ill incident on Christmas Day , 1 638 s , by rea on of not having the Com munion Table railed in . For in sermon time a dog came to the table and took the loaf of bread prepared for the Holy Sacrament in his mouth , and ran away with it . Some of the parishioners took t h e same from the dog 32 DOWNING COLLEGE

and set it upon the table . This bread could not be used, and no more could be obtained , through the lateness of the hour, from the nearest village , two miles away . Most likely the only bread in the place would have been dark coloured from not being made of wheat f lour.

' The Founder of the College , until he was e crippled by the gout , passed his time b tween Gamlingay and Dunwich on his estate called

Grey Friars . (This seat was sold by the College to redeem the land -tax from the whole property . ) His habit was to come to Dunwich with a great retinue for the summer months . Besides owning a magnificent estate f f at Dunwich , he held o fice there , being baili f 1 1 2 of that place in 7 . He was also Member of Parliament for that rotten borough from

1 1 0 . 7 , with one break, till his death Dunwich was one of the towns which had been granted by the Sovereign to the inh a bi tants for ever, for a yearly rent in the days of Henry II . This rent amounted to a large THE DOWNINGS 33

- sum , being worth in money of to day about £ 1 5 00 24 and 00 herrings . Dunwich owed its bailiff and Member of Parliament a fe e £5 l farm rent of . The College sti l owns

£230 - per annum fee farm rents , which were doubtless granted to or purchased by the 1 1 8 . . 7 first Sir G Downing In , owing to the encroachments of the sea and to the disuse

of the port , our Founder served processes on several men of Dunwich for arrears of this

- - fee farm rent , and upon non payment ten

burgesses were incarcerated in Beccles gaol ,

and others , to avoid the like confinement , were obliged to abscond . In the year 1 770 there was some trouble about the payment by the Corporation o f Cambridge of the fee - farm rent of £70 to the

Downing family . Upon investigating this matter it then appeared that £70 was paid unto Katharine , Queen to Charles II . , as

o f n parcel her jointure , and that by i denture 5 . 1 671 dated Sept , the reversion and inheritance of the said fe e - farm was sold to 34 DOWNING COLLEGE

de sce n Sir George Downing , Bart . , whose dants received the same annual sum regu la r ly down to Michaelmas 1 7 For six years the Corporation refused payment . Hereupon Lady Downing [then the wife of George

Es Bowyer, q] threatened the Corporation with a suit-a t - law ; meanwhile the Court of Exchequer on the 7t h November 1 770 issued ff an order , directed to the mayor , baili s and

c a r i Fa ci a s burgesses , to show cause why should not be awarded against them for levy ing the arrears due at Michaelmas then last 420 £ . past , amounting to the sum of On this matter the Corporation took coun

’ sel s opinion , which after mature deliberation was given in these words : The u nint e r r u pt e d possession and payment of this fee farm rent for more than sixty years made ” the Downing right excessively clear. In consequence of this decision the money was paid by the town clerk to Jeremy Fish Palmer [Clerk of the Peace for the County

of Bedford] , steward to the Downing estate ,

36 DOWNING COLLEGE S ’ gorge downing was Buried 29 1 49 June the 7 . This interval of nearly three weeks between the death and the burial was a hideous

- eighteenth century custom . In the Gamlingay Register is the following entry Burials 1 749

r The Ho nble S George Downing Bart dyed att Gamlingay t h Park on friday June 9 att ten 0 the clock att night

9 and was carried to Croydon y 2 9 and layd in a family vault there f Barely seven months a ter his death , his daughter, by his housekeeper , then about

- i twenty three , marr ed John Bagnall, Esq . , bringing him, as was then stated , a dowry of C H A P T E R I I

EARLY HISTORY OF THE COLLEG E TO THE LAYING OF THE FOUNDATION -STONE

BY ll 2 h 1 71 7 his wi dated 0t December , the Founder devised his property in Cam br id e shir e ff g , Bedfordshire , and Su olk as

: Fi r s t follows , to his cousin Jacob Garrard , the only son of his uncle Charles Downing. Jacob Garrard Downing died without o ff

i i n 1 64 Se condl spr ng 7 . y , to Thomas Barnard ist on o f , heir of his Aunt Barnardiston , Bury

St . Edmunds . Thomas Barnardiston died in

1 62 ff Thi r dl 7 . without o spring y, to his cousin Charles Peters , of the University of

ff Fe a r t hl Oxford . He died without o spring. y ,

of to his cousin John Peters , the University ff of Oxford . He also died without o spring .

l of ll - In defau t a these , the above mentioned 38 DOWNING COLLEGE property was to form the endowment of a

college . For this college , ground within the

town of Cambridge was to be purchased , where a college was to be erected , which was ” to be called Downings Colledge . To the Founder the College must have

n seemed a somewhat remote conti gency . As a matter of fact , Jacob Garrard Downing sur v iv e d all the other possible devisees , and they left no issue . He in his turn left no issue .

He was MP . for Dunwich and died on the t h 1 64 6 February 7 . It is said that he was possessed of near in cash and stocks . He left a fine estate with a handsome house L at Putney to ady Downing. L ady Downing, after becoming a widow , married Sir George Bowyer . The following is a copy of her will , and some comments of

Cole , the antiquary , on her family “ I Margaret Bowyer , formerly Dame Mar garet Downing wife of George Bowyer Esq . of Mount Prospect in the parish of Putney in the county of Surrey being in perfect HISTORY TO FOUNDATION -STONE 39

l l a nd health , do make this my ast wi l testa

f ll : ment in manner o owing I give , to my dear husband George Bowyer Esquire all my lands manors and tenements in the county of Suffolk and a legacy of £7000 over and above what was settled on him by mar r i a e g . I give to my niece Diana Say wife of

o f the Revd . Mr . Say East Hatley in the county of Cambridgeshire all my houses in

Downing Street , and King Street West minster which I hold by a lease under the Dean and Chapter of Westminster and like wise a legacy of I give to my niece

Ann Hirst , wife of the Rev . Mr . Hirst of Boxworth in the county of Cambridgeshire 000 £7 and my diamond cross . I give to my niece Sarah Whittington daughter of the

Re v . Mr . Whittington late of Orford in the county of Suffolk and my diamond

- ear rings . I give to my niece Mary Whit t in t o n g daughter of the aforesaid Rev . Mr. Whittington and my four diamond

l v ll rings . I give to my o d ser ant Wi iam 40 DOWNING COLLEGE

Ma t sh or n a legacy of £2000. I give to my old servant Elizabeth Kr im b s a legacy of £ 2000 . I give to my trustees a legacy of £200 each namely , William Greaves Bow bury Bell , Thomas Rider , John Rose and

William Sandby , for their trouble in seeing

l m my wil executed . I give to my own aid that shall be with me at the time of my death ffift y — pounds and all my wearing apparel m y watch

. d excepted I give to my go son Price Say ,

Mr 0 . 5 0 . . £ son of the Rev Say , a legacy of I charge all my landed estates in the counties of Cambridgeshire and Bedfordshire , and not

my personal estate , with the payment of an annuity of £400 a year left by Sir Jacob

Garrard Downing , Baronet , to my nephew

t . . Jacob John Whitting on , son of the Rev Mr

Whittington , late of Orford in the county of

ff . Su olk , for his natural life I likewise give to my nephew Jacob John Whittington my house and land known by the name of Mount

Prospect , in the parish of Putney , in the county of Surrey with all my ffu r nit u r e and HISTORY TO FOUNDATION -STONE 41 plate, after my legacies and just debts are paid . I give the remainder of my personal estate to my nephew Jacob John Whitting

t h e ton , and likewise all my landed estates in counties of Cambridgeshire and Bedfordshire to him and to his heirs for ever , and I do constitute and appoint my said nephew t Jacob John Whitting on , sole executor of this my last will and testament , hereby revoking all former and other wills by me at any time heretofore made . In witness whereof I the said Margaret Bowyer have to t his my last will and testament contained in one sheet of paper set my hand and seal this twenty - eighth day of December

1 MAR ARE O E 2 . T B WY R 77 G . Signed , sealed , published and declared by the same Margaret

Bowyer, in the presence of us , who in the presence of all and at the request o f

nl the said Margaret Bowyer , commo y called

Dame Margaret Downing , have subscribed our names in witness hereto : Humphrey ”

E . u . dgar Thos P gh , W Jones . 42 DOWNING COLLEGE

much litigation . Codicil twenty - eighth of December 1 772 Whereas I have in and by my said will given to my nephew John Jacob Whitting

ton , son of the Rev . Mr . Whittington, late of ff Orford in the county of Su olk , my house and land known by the name of Mount Pro

ffu r nit u r e . N spect , with plate and ow I do hereby revoke the said bequest and legacy . and do give the said house and land with the said ffu r nit u r e and plate unto my dear niece

ffr a ncis Diana Say , wife of the Rev . Mr . Say [Rector] of East Hatley in the county of

Cambridge for the term of her life , and at her decease to her said husband for the term

-e r of his life , and at and aft the decease of the survivor of them I give the same unto

Diana Say , the oldest daughter of the said ffr a ncis and Diana , to and for her own use and benefit , and I give to Ann Say , the youngest daughter of the said ffr a nci s and

44 DOWNING COLLEGE by the will of Sir Jacob Garrard Downing devised or given to the said deceased and her heirs , and all other manors, messuages , lands and hereditaments whereof and wherein she the said deceased or any other person

z or persons in trust for her now , or was sei ed of any estate of ffr e e h old or inheritance in possession , reversion , remainder or expect ancy , situate in the counties of Cambridge ff shire and Bedfordshire and Su olk , or either o f them or elsewhere in the kingdom of Great

Britain , with their appurtenances and all the estate and interest of her the said deceased of, in , to , or out of the said premises or any part or parcel thereof, and so in and to all that capital messuage or tenement called

Mount Prospect , situate in the parish of

Putney in the county of Surrey , with all

h e r e dit a the lands, meadows , pastures and ments thereto belonging and therewith held, and the remainders of the terms and interest to come and unexpired therein , and also in and to all those several messuages or dwelling HISTORY TO FOUNDATION- STONE 45

houses situate in the parish of St . Margaret, Westminster in the county of Middlesex and in the two streets there called Downing Street and King Street , formerly in the respective tenures or occupations of John Atkinson , k Low . Hu c e r b David , Mr Barnard , Mrs . y ,

ffr n i l n . . a c s . Ke e the Rev Dr , Wm y g , Esq . ,

E s . . John Richardson , q , Mr Morris , Hen .

h u . l . r e cc . St Hi l, Esq , Mr y [q Mr Somers ,

t . . Mr . Wadding on , Wm Greaves , Esq , Thos .

Maude, Esq . , Mrs . Bodenham , Mr . Russell,

Ca s e r do n u . . t Mr [q Mr Garrett , the Commis

sione r s o f . the Treasury and Mr Dyer, their undertenants or assigns , and the remainder of the terms and interest to come and u ne x

ir e d p therein , and also in and to all those several pieces or parcels o f ffe n or marsh ground lying in the parish o f Swaffham Prior

o f r in the county Cambridgeshire , and the e m a inde r of the term and interest to come and l unexpired therein , and also in and to al other the messuages , lands and tenements of the said deceased , or whereof or wherein sh e o r 46 DOWNING COLLEGE any other person or persons in trust for her were or was possessed or any ways entitled to for any term or nu mber of years whatso ever, and sundry policies of insurance in the

- in - Hand Hand Insurance on furniture &c . A in her houses at Mount Prospect, Queen nne

S . treet, and Dunwich

Ca m br i d e Chr oni cle The g of Saturday,

2 6 1 778 s n September , , publi hed the followi g

’ On Wednesday se nnight died suddenly, in an apoplectic fit, at her house at Putney m L Co mon , ady Downing, relict of the late w Sir Jacob Do ning , Bart . , of Gamlingay in this county , and wife to Capt . Bowyer,

’ Albi on 74 of of the , of guns , one Byron s ” squadron , which it is feared is lost . When Lady Downing was buried at Croy don , Cambs , Captain John Jacob Whitting ton was the chief mourner . Captain Whitting

o f ff ton was Yoxford and Theberton , Su olk ,

La and a son of a sister of dy Downing . Later on he had to refund about of rents . HISTORY TO FOUNDATION - STONE 47

We wonder if the above - named legatees l ived to marry and have children . Cole tells us that Lady Downing’ s father

o f was a Mr . Price , a Welshman , Trinity

o f College , Cambridge , and Curate Barrington ,

Cambs . He recounts some scandal about the lady, and adds that she was a very fine woman and made Sir Jacob Downing so good a wife that he left her all at his death .

Her two nieces Morgan were married , Cole “ proceeds to tell us , the one to a Mr . Say , whom I remember a ch orister in King’ s

College Chapel , rather stupid , but sober and honest , son as I take it to Mr . Wm . Say , Vicar

of Tadlow and Rector of East Hatley , in which he succeeded his father ; the other to

Mr . Hurst , Rector of Boxworth . Mr . Say , 1 6 L about 77 , was removed to ondon with his

a f mily by the desire of her ladyship , when

she settled upon him , and at her death left him to the amount as I am told in £2000 the whole near per annum , among which is Downing Street ; so that Lord 48 DOWNING COLLEGE

North the Prime Minister is his tenant , so that had he any addr ess or ambition he might be in a good tram for preferment , but is the merest country parson I ever saw . His wife was in a way to be married to an officer much against her ladyship ’ s inclina tion . She therefore sent for this Mr . Say ,

a nd knowing him to be an honest man , married her to him , and it may turn his head , and would probably had he been of a more volatile and lively cast than he is moulded of. The other clergyman is provided not so amply , for her ladyship however left him , as £ 000 7 . I am told , about I think he has no

dr chil en , and that might be the reason of the distinction . Her ladyship and Mr.

i . e Bowyer could not agree . He [ . Mr . Bow yer] , however , now and then , besides his first large settlement on him of got £ 1 000 of her from her passions by striking him . As they could not live easy he went

Albi on - o f- 74 aboard the man war, guns , as — captain with Admiral Byron which at this HISTORY TO FOUNDATION-STONE 49

4 1 78 time [October , 7 ] is said to have perished and the crew with her He was left l handsome y by her ladyship , as is said about

1 764 of In , in the Court Chancery , was commenced the suit o f the Chancellor Masters and Scholars of the University

o f Dame Margaret Downing, widow Sir

-a t Jacob Garret Downing , and the heirs

law of Sir Jacob Garret Downing . On 3 1 769 L July , , the ord Chancellor gave judgment in favour of the University . In Spite of this the estates were wrongfully held by Dame Margaret and her nephew Captain Whittington for over thirty years longer ; and in 1 776 they pulled down the

m a nsio nh ou s e at Gamlingay . 22— 40 III — 1 800 On September George , the Great Seal was affixed to the Charter by which Downing College became part and

parcel of the University of Cambridge , and enjoyed all the pri vileges o f the said Uni

versity . By the Charter the Crown nomi

D 5 0 DOWNING COLLEGE mated Francis Annesley “ first and modern ” Master ; Edward Christian , M . A . , Professor L of the aws of England ; Busick Harwood ,

Doctor in Physic , Professor of Medicine ;

L - - w ll a t La . . John ens , Serjeant , M A , Wi iam

. e . Meek , M A . , Barrist r , and Wm Frere ,

Fellows .

- The new born society was homeless , with

out statutes , and composed of men from — different Colleges a n excellent Opportunity

for a fresh educational departure . By the Founder’ s will the plan of the new College had to be approved by the two

’ Ar chbishops and the Masters of St . John s a and Cl re . In consequence of this arrange ment powers were given them by the original statutes of prescribing the useful learning which should be taught as well as of election of the first members of the new

society . In 1 79 6 the Corporation had offered two sites to the heirs - a t -law for the new College

5 2 DOWNING COLLEGE

by the will , of a piece of ground situate ” within the town of Cambridge proper .

’ The Doll s Close site , nevertheless , soon was h abandoned and t e present site purchased . On part of it at one time was the orchard of

the Master of Pembroke Hall . It was known L as Pembroke eys , and it was described as near the road into the town from Linton and

Colchester . At an earlier date it had been

’

. s L known as St Thoma s eys , and still earlier

Swine cr o f as t . It had formed a part of one of the great open and commonable fields by

which the town of Cambridge was surrounded . The various strips of which these Leys were

composed belonged to many different owners . The College purchased its site from some

ten owners , including the University , Jesus

. College , Corpus , Peterhouse , and Caius An Act of Parliament was procured for the extinction of the rights of common to which the land was subject ; and by an award dated 8 1 808 January , , a money compensation was allotted to the owners of more than two HISTORY TO FOUNDATION -STONE 5 3 hundred houses in respect of these pasture rights .

AS was pointed out at the time , a grand opportuni ty of municipal improvement was missed . It was proposed that the town should be pierced through its centre, in one straight regular line from the end of Jesus Lane along the Market Place and continued on to Hog Hill , where the University Bicycle

n o f Depot now stands . The mag ificent front

ll S the Co ege , in a court more pacious than Trinity Great Court the proposed por tion , which was to consist of three Grecian porticos , combining the Ionic and Doric ’ L orders , between the Master s odge and the — Hall would have afforded a noble te rmina tion to this long vista , and this grand street would have accommodated the College with a suitable avenue to the principal parts of the

University . The Cambridge of those days presented a

- sharp contrast from the Cambridge of to day . Then the coa ch from London was five and a 5 4 DOWNING COLLEGE

half hours on the road . Midsummer Common was a mere swamp , and the town was held t o have its atmosphere impregnated with malaria from the fens . The entrance to the town from London by Scrope Terrace —which would otherwise be rather hand

a some , was deformed by dozen hovels which would have disgraced a pauper village . In the town not a single good street was to be found— nothing but a succession of lanes — and alleys the pavement (with the e xce p tion of a fe w yards opposite Corpus) scarcely allowing two persons to walk abreast . The architect of all the older parts of the College all except the south extremities of the east and west S ides of the court and the enlargements to the Combination Room — and Hall was William Wilkins , junr . , of 1 800 Caius , sixth Wrangler , , author of the ” as Antiquities of Magna Gr cia , and archi tee t of Corpus (where he took down the old chapel and where he is the only layman

’ ne w t h e bur ied in the chapel) , King s , and HISTORY TO FOUNDATION-STONE 5 5

’ King s Court, Trinity , and of the National

Gallery . These early Downing buildings cost u p wards of This large outlay is due

’ to the costly material . Wilkins s work was

highly thought of at the time . Maria Edge

worth , writing about the date when they

were finished , states that so poor is her taste that Sh e never will think (as she ought to think) Downing College equal to King’ s Col

lege Chapel . The site intended for the Chapel and Library is between the Master’ s Lodge and

S the Hall . On this ite a vault for burials was

made with the concurrence of the architect . 1 8 1 4 In it , in , Professor Sir Busick Har wood was buried by leave o f the Bishop of

Ely . At one time it was suggested to break the sky- line of the College buildings by a judicious placing of large statues looking

into the court from the summit of the walls ,

which in part mask the roof. The newer 5 6 DOWNING COLLEGE portions of the College were finished i n 1 877 by Mr. Barry at a cost of about The foundation - stone of the College was

1 8 1 8 07. laid on Monday , May , It is interesting to note that the Ca m br i dg e Ch r oni cle o f November 1 4 of that year records that a young salmon was caught in the Cam near Jesus Green sluice ; corrobora tive evidence this of the inodorous and harm — less character o f the river water of the Cam

o f 1 8 0 bridge in 7. In those days the

College was near the Botanic Gardens . The An atomical Museum and other buildings now stand where the botanical flowers and plants used to grow. The foundation - stone contained the best collection of coins of the then reign that could be obtained . The first stereotype plate cast at the foundry of the University was also deposited in the foundation - stone by Mr . Watts , the University printer . This plate had be en made on the improved prin ciple of Earl Sta nhope. HISTORY TO FOUNDATION -STONE 5 7

The following inscription , engraved

- copper , was sunk in the foundation stone

COLLEG IVM DOWNING ENSE

IN ACADEMIA CANTABRIG IfE

G EORG IVS DOWNING DE G AMLING AY

IN RODEM COMITATV BARONETTVS

TESTAMENTO DESIG NAVIT

OPIBVSQVE MVNIFICE INSTRVXIT

ANNO SALVTIS M DCC XVII

REG IA TANDEM CHARTA STABILIVIT

G EORG IVS TERTIVS OPTIMVS PRINCEPS

ANNO M DCCC

HzE C VERO IEDIFICII PRIMORDIA

MAG ISTER PROFESSORES ET SOCII

POSVERVNT

QVOD AD RELIG IONIS CVLTUM

JVRIS ANG LICANI ET MEDICINE SCIENTIAM

ET AD RE CTAM JVVENTVTIS ING ENVIE

DISCIPLINAM PROMOVENDAM

FELICITER EVENIAT .

For this ceremony the University first

’ assembled in St . Mary s Church . Bright

’ we f sunshine , read , looded the day s proceed

ings . At church a sermon was preached by 5 8 DOWNING COLLEGE

Dr . Outram , the public orator , from the l 0 words , How good y are thy tents , Jacob , &” N and thy tabernacles , O Israel [ um . xxiv. There is an interesting passage in this

- sermon , which in these days of short tenure

’ fellowships , married fellows , ladies colleges

at Girton and Newnham , University com missions in the past and looming in the

- off future , seems a very far echo of an almost forgotten and hardly realisable state of t hings . The preacher explained how some of our benefactors “ had to meet the problem of counteracting partiality in the election to fellowships ; how , in their desire to ensure the election of the best men , they had adopted restrictions which were too severe , by enacting that not more than one or two persons born in the same district should at the same time be fellows of the same society ; or else , moved by an attachment to their kindred or to the place which gave them birth , have directed that the electors shall

DOWNING COLLEGE L ff Watson, Bishop of landa , who had been tutor of Trinity a little before this, tells us how a pupil of his who had a right by place of birth to a Furness Fells Fellowship at

’

. h l S St John s , after insisting on this right at

’ e n Watson s] instigation , succeeded in forcing the ejection o f a m a n of greater

intellect and learning than himself, who

had not been born within the privileged area .

’

. 5 0 St John s College was . mulcted in £ for

having elected the unprivileged man . Hard cases grew out of this state of things ;

and so it came about that , fettered by these

restraints , the colleges had in too many instances been compelled with the deepest sorrow to reject the worthiest of their candidat es ; these men then had to consign themselves to hopeless indigence and o bs cu

rity . All had wished to see the day when some unfortunate childr en of disappointment

could be invited to receive their due reward .

That happy day has at length dawned on us . e A new luminary of scienc has arisen , a new HISTORY TO FOUNDATION -STONE 61 source of light and strength has come to our ff revered est ablishments . Another college o ers herself to our notice , holding in her hands the free rewards o f moral and intellectual acquire ” ments .

The sermon ended , the congregation pro ce e de d t o the Senate House , and heard a

L . atin speech from Mr William Frere , the junior fellow . Then a procession to the site f of the uture college was formed . The noble

D D. s men in their robes two and two , the . ,

LL . D s M . D u . D s S M s . the . , the . , the , the

- assessor to the Vice Chancellor , the Proctors ll in their congregation habit , fo owed by their

M A . s t h e . men with the statutes , Taxors [

appointed to regulate the markets , examine

the assize of bread, the lawfulness of weights ll and measures, and to ca all the abuses and

’ , defects thereof into the commissary s ‘ court] the Scrutators [whose offi ce it was to take the f votes at congregations] , and other o ficers of the University arrived at the site of the new

College . The Master there made a suitable 62 DOWNING COLLEGE address in Latin before depositing the selected

- objects in the foundation stone . Then , at four ’ o clock , the Master entertained at dinner , at t h e L Red ion , the Heads of Colleges , noble men , Professors, Doctors , and University f o ficers . The Cambridge University Calendar for 1 8 1 1 states about Downing College “ The Master’ s Lodge and the Lodge for the resi dence of the Professor of Medicine [Sir

Busick Harwood , who seems to have kept his name on the boards of Emmanuel as a Fellow

Commoner] are now completed . Sir Busick Harwood is at present the only resident ” Member . The College in its early days possessed its

. He nslo w own brewery Professor , who lived

’ in a house in Regent Street on t h e Parker s

Piece side , had his stables on the site of the Downing brewery -house [now occupied by

S a hops] , and a pass ge under the street formed a communication from that house to the

stables . In the course of building operations HISTORY TO FOUNDATION -STONE 63 in 1 8 9 7 these underground places were visible from the road . l Dean Kitchin , describing the Col ege in 1 8 36 , says Downing has always had an odd existence peculiar to itself and apart from the rest of the University . There it stood l aloof, with bui dings rather like a rambling country house than a college resting placidly in green and level meadows which call to mind some gentleman’ s park far from towns and noise and intellectual strife . Here it

S f seemed to lumber peace ully , untouched by the grossing turmoil of the town and careless ” of University excitements and struggles . All this has been changed by the proximity o f l t h e the rai way station , which University

’ - insisted in keeping at arm s length , but which has caused a new town to spring up

to the southward o f Downing. C H A P T E R I I I

E A RLY H I STO RY OF T H E S O C I E T Y

A FE W years before the foundation of the

College , Dr . Richard Watson proposed that the endowment for the new college should be used for the encouragement of the study of L Eastern anguages . In his Autobiography “ : 1 78 0 he writes In May , I published a charge to the clergy of the Archdeaconry of

Ely at my primary visitation . This charge was principally intended to recommend an establishment at Cambridge for the express

Wa o n f r h B . t s was a m a n o f e nt e r r s e o e m s e t e ls p p i , hi lf l “ u s t a t In 1 764 u nan m o u s e e ct e t h e Se nat e h i ly l d, by a ss e m e i n u co n r e at o n r o e s s o r o f C e m s t r I bl d f ll g g i , P f h i y, kne w no t h n a t a ll o f c e m s t r h a d ne ve r r e a a s a e i g h i y, d yll bl ” o n t h e s u e ct n o r s e e n a s n e e e r m e nt i n i t & He bj , i gl xp i h ad indu ce d a London physician t o Wit hdr a w h is candida

t u r e . EARLY HISTORY OF SOCIETY 65 purpose of translating and publishing Orien

And tal manuscripts wherever found . I hinted that the then litigated estate o f

Sir Jacob Downing might , when adjudged

to the University , be properly employed in t suppor ing an Oriental college . This dis

course was republished , without my consent 1 78 5 being asked , at Calcutta in , and made the first article of the first volume of the

Asiatic Miscellany .

This point met with serious consideration , as in the draft charter for Downing College , L L preserved in ambeth ibrary , is the proposal for a Downing Professorship o f Oriental La n guages . The general outline o f the foundation is due to the younger Pitt . It shows the

nl for e ightened foresight of that statesman , the principles alike of married fellows and fellowships tenable for a term of years

n & have been generally adopted , Dow ing Col

. 1 8 00 lege having led the way When , in , the value of the Downing estates was about

E 66 DOWNING COLLEGE £5 000 a year , the time was ripe for estab

’ lis h in g Pitt s plan , which aimed at promoting the study of law and medicine . His desire was to blend university and professional education , to help young lawyers and young physicians in the arduous early years of their careers by fellowships tenable only for a term of years . The fellows of Downing were to be elected with the freest com petition after a most comprehensive ex amination . Moreover , the fellows , being ff practically all laymen , would have the e ect of strengthening the lay element in the

. t University That lay element , it mus be l remembered , was a very sma l one at the end of last century . The limited tenure of the Downing fellowships would hold out “ n o temptation to developing the idle ” t fellow of the last century . Pi t may have

’ read the playwright s description , drawn “ ” from life , of the idle fellow, who thus describes his class

68 DOWNING COLLEGE portion to the whole number of fellowships in the University which could be so appro

r ia d p t e . There were also to be such a number of scholars as the statutes shall direct , their stipends being of half the value of the fellowships and tenable for four

years .

The first Master , Professors , and three

Fellows were nominated by the Crown . In this way a body corporate was constituted to manage the estates and to supervise the

erection of the necessary buildings . These original members of the society were drawn f from di ferent colleges, Annesley and Christian

’ and Lens were members of St . John s . As

there was no Hall , and so no high table , the usual way of informally considering important

details was lacking . The College thus started on its existence

without any nucleus of traditions , with a

nia n c strong Joh element in the so iety , and with the Court of Chancery as a kind of

- foster parent . EARLY HISTORY OF SOCIETY 69

Du ring the first twenty years of its e i s t e nce this foundation contributed to the cause o f education the services of these

two professors , who , as a rule , read every

O year a course of lectures , pen to all students f of the University , if they could orm a class it gave temporary help to three young law

e r s y or physicians ; whilst indirectly, per

— t h e haps , it promoted the well being of University by adding one layman to the body of Heads who then governed the

University . i l Then for nearly th rty years the Co lege ,

h o t r wn open as a place of education, acted as a kind of unendowed hostel . This step was taken with the sanction of the Court of Chancery when only part of the buildings comprised in the approved plan had been erected , and before the remaining thirteen fellows had been nominated . It was assumed , in the fiftieth year of the history of the ll Co ege , that all the buildings desirable for a l col ege were constructed , but that a chapel , 70 DOWNING COLLEGE

antechapel , and library, with its long por ticos of Doric and Ionic pillars filling up the space between the Hall and the Master’ s

L in odge, could wait . By an oversight the Charter no arrangement had been made for the accumulation of a fund for the main t e na nce and enlargement of the College buildings . In 1 8 49 Of the plan which had been sanc — t ione d by the Court of Chancery the Court of Chancery being the guardian of the new corporation— the Master’ s Lodge

od and l ges for the two professors , the Hall , as well as the offices and abou t twenty

u n sets of rooms , had been erected . The executed portion consisted of about thirty more sets of rooms , with a library and chapel . The two last in the original design are highly decorated and expensive Grecian buildings . The elevations of this range of buildings could not be materially altered without marring the general effect of the only ornamental facade of the College .

EARLY HISTORY OF SOCIETY 71

After the College had been in existence for half a century , it was allowed that its useful ness had been hampered and also limited by the degree in which all other considerations had been eclipsed and subordinated to the ambitio u s desire o f creating large and costly l ornamental buildings , and by an unsuccessfu attempt to open the College for educational purposes without having any rewards at its

f lli r e disposal . This course , by oresta ng the f venues , had prolonged the financial di ficulties o f l the Co lege . ’

The first act of the Court of Chancery , in establishing the young College , was to direct that £3000 per annum Should be earmarked

u i n as a building f nd, and also , their wisdom , to approve of a plan for buildings which was to cost over It was taken for granted that the Court of Chancery had settled to postpone all collegiate educational

a nd - action, more than three quarters of the

proposed aids to young professional men , until l all these , as it was thought , necessary bui d 72 DOWNING COLLEGE

ings had been completed . Now , at the same time , the College threw its own rewards open to all students of Oxford and Cambridge , so that it became in a sense a free trade college , struggling to emerge into existence in the midst of a highly protective system . The landed estates of the College were the first to suffer from this large and rigorous

fu appropriation of nds . These estates needed 1 0 . 80 a more liberal treatment In the, College property had been for more than thirty years under the control of parties who were in adverse possession , and who were upholding their claim against t h e College by a suit in

Chancery . Under their hands the timber was cut down, improvements were suspended , the repairs done were of the scantiest nature , and when new buildings were indispensable, they were put up so as to be removable at m l will . At that ti e , too , scarce y a field had

r been d ained , the land being for the most part clay . There was no hard road within over a mile of the verge of the estate . The land was

74 DOWNING COLLEGE labourers on the College estate from the fact that in 1 843 the society made a grant of £5 for a stove to be placed in the chancel of

Tadlow Church , in order to the more commo di o u s use of the said chancel as a Sunday

School . There was no school on the estate at

that time . Five pounds a year was granted to Tadlow as well as to East Hatley t owards

the salary of a regular teacher . It was , due to the energy and liberality of the

. . . 1 870 Rev G M Sykes that , about , excellent

schools were built in each parish . When the entries had been very small for nearly a

quarter of a century , the more zealous members of the society grew impatient they longed to be use ful in their generation . They s a w the University nearly exclusively a school t of mathema ics , and felt that years of exertion to secure even for classics a recognised place in the general system had met with but

inadequate success . They thought that even without endowment a college might prosper a which would attempt to blend cl ssics , EARLY HISTORY OF SOCIETY 75 l general iterature , and the foundations of l professional knowledge with the prevai ing,

o f studies the place . But to this end more buildings would be needed , and the authorised plan was an expensive one , therefore , with the co -O o f peration the Court of Chancery , money was borrowed on the security of the estates to make up the funds for a further portion o f the buildings . One result which the College was seeking to realise about the year 1 8 5 1 was the organi

o f sation of a system lectures and examinations , which would embrace many of those general views of law in its alliance with history and philosophy , such as might properly be con s ide r e d an essential part of the preparation not merely of a lawyer but o f a well - educated

English gentleman .

Had this aim been successful , it would have only meant doing on a small scale what was being done well by Trinity College , a college whose internal system has always been more

o f liberal than that the University at large , 76 DOWNING COLLEGE and has moulded itself to the chief require

ments of the times .

There was another way in which the n e w

college sought a sphere of usefulness . This

was by admitting fellow commoners , who were to be young men of fair abilities , who were here to have had their powers exercised .

It was felt that such men , when fairly equipped mentally, by their station in society con stituted an important class from a national point of view . In the case of Sir Harry

Verney , as will be seen later on, the College

nfl exercised this good i uence . Despite all this it was felt the College was not realising the 1 8 4 special objects of its foundation . In 7 the “ L a w M a g a z i ne stated At Cambridge there is a foundation set apart for legal studies , nobly endowed , but very ill adapted to its object ; so ill adapted or ill administered it matters not to our argument which— that the men o f Downing College a r e almost all of them fellow commoners , exempted from industry and discipline , and in no college in

C H A P T E R I V

M A S T E RS

Ma s t er —Fr an s c s Anne s e 1 Wm . Fr e r e 1 812 T o s 805 . i l y, ; , ; h Wo r s e 1836 W B k k — H l 1 88 H r e c 1 885 88 A 8 . l y, ; . . i b , ; . il ,

THE Master sh all be a person who is dis

t in u is h e d i n La w g Theology , , Medicine , L iterature , or Science who in the judgment b of the electors is best qualified y his piety , ff discretion , and knowledge of a airs to secure the good government of the college as a

place of education , religion , learning , and

— oll . e t t u e s research C g e S a t . The first Master of Downing College was L D F A L . . . S . Francis Annesley , . , His mother

- was a grand daughter of Frances , daughter of the first Sir George Downing ; his father D D was the Rev. Martin Annesley, . . , of

’ St . John s College, Cambridge . Besides MASTERS 79

of ll A being Master the Co ege , Dr . nnesley was also hereditary trustee of the British

e - Museum . He died in his s venty eighth

z L 1 7 year in Cur on Street , ondon , on April , 1 8 1 2 . He is said never to have resented an injury and never to have forgotten a kind ness . Annesley received his early education under the celebrated Dr . Hiley at Reading

Grammar School , where he acquired a taste

for literature and art , which was shown later on by his choice collections of books and

- a t - engravings . Being an heir law to the

Founder of Downing College , he was by the Charter nominated the first Master . But so much opposition was made to the carrying out o f the will by those in posses

sion of the estate , that Annesley was engaged during the greatest part of his life in anxious and unremitted endeavours to overcome the ’

. law s delay He succeeded at last , and

Downing College was founded but , although

Annesley had been some years Master , it was only a fe w days before his death that he h a d 80 DOWNING COLLEGE the consolation of seeing an end made of the obstacles which had been raised against the

n e w foundation .

In 1 774 Annesley was chosen MP . for Reading ; of this appointment we have the following contemporary comment As Reading is not commanded or in fiu e nce d by any great or powerful neighbo ur it possesses a considerable degree of inde

n pe nde ce . Hence the amiable qualities and disinterested conduct of Annesley procured his r e - election without expenses until The work of the first Master was to estab

lish the college , as he died before the time of

undergraduates , and also before there was

much in the way of buildings . We have some light cast on the energy of t h e first

Master in the following letter, given by

Mr . J . W . Clark , in his classical work on the

architecture of the University , in his account ,

with plans of the early history of the College ,

27t h 1 78 4 S dated Cambridge , October , ixteen years before the birth ofthe College, byMichael

82 DOWNING COLLEGE

III - than King George . The tennis court mentioned above is still commemorated in

’ Tennis Court Road . Bishop Watson s house L f is landa f House in Regent Street . A por tion of the garden in the rear of the house belongs to the College . The house is on the site o f an inn [that may account for the port ico projecting over ” the pavement] , The Bishop Blaise . This ] fact inspired Manse , the Master of Trinity, to write the following epigram

’ Two o f a t r a e ca n ne e r a r e e d g ,

No r ove r ca n b e u st e r p b j , ’ ’ T e ve t a e n o wn is o a is e o u se e h y d B h p Bl , y ,

u s e r A nd pu t u p Bish op Bl t . There is a pamphlet written by Thomas 1 8 04 Hope in , with the title Observations on the Plans and Elevations designed by

James Wyat , Architect for Downing College, L Cambridge , in a etter to Francis Annesley , ”

MP . info r Esq . , The pamphlet contains no mation of interest ; the author describe s the

future college as a building which, from the MASTERS 83 immensity of the sum allotted to the cons t r u c tion , is enabled , as well as intended , to become ” one of the first ornaments of the country . 5 When Frere became Master on October , 1 8 1 2 , he was the inaugurator of an unusual state of things at a Master ’ s Lodge in that he was a layman , and Mrs . Frere , who came f rom a county family , was a recognised leader of society . It was said at the time that no great county social function could succeed without the co - operation of Lady F Hardwick and her friend, Mrs . rere . The l University Registrary, describing the exc u siv e ne s s 1 830 of University society about , 31 9 writes on p . of his work on Cambridge So complete was the social severance between the Heads and the rest of the University that considerable curiosity was felt by each half o f the academic world as to the sayings and doings of the other . What

’ do you talk a b ou t in your society & said the ‘ wife of a Head to the wife of a Professor in ‘ & ’ 1 82 9 ; is it amusing Just about that 8 4 DOWNING COLLEGE

time , however, a bold innovation was made ,

which stirred the University to its depths .

Mr . Serjeant Frere had just been made

Master of Downing , and being an enlightened person who had passed most of his life in L ondon , saw no reason why the good folks of Cambridge should not amuse themselves according to the fashion of the metropolis .

a So Mrs . Frere , who s ng divinely , gave musi

L i t a ble a u x cal parties in the odge tself, and vi va n t s also , which were much admired and at last (I v o w my hand shakes so with horror at the very thought of it that I can hardly make my pen write down the awful profanation) she got up ‘ The Rivals and The Critic ’ in the College Hall & One of her first evening parties took place after a solemn

m s i u m s y p o given to an assemblage of Heads . They had no t been made aware of what was about to happen , and it was remarked after

w i fe wards , by the of one of them , Some people came in in the evening- o f course we ’ F went away . rere had been nominated a

MASTERS 8 5 fellow before the Chart er in 1 800 and Pro fe ss o r Christian challenged his appointment

La w to the Mastership in the Courts , basing h is objection to the use of proxies by the

r electo s , who at that, time were not the pro fe s s or s and fellows . In September 1 8 1 4 the Lord Chancellor gave his decision in favour o f Serjeant Frere . Frere was Recorder of

Bury St . Edmunds in The Master ( 1 775—1 8 36) was the fourth son of John Frere , of Roydon . He entered at Trinity after being educated at Eton . He

l - - was a so a Serjeant a t law . In consequence l of this , some of the e ections to Downing fellowships were held in the Hall of Ser

’ e a nt s L 1 1 . 8 0 j Inn , ondon He married in .

Mrs . Frere was the only daughter o f Dil lin h a m o . f L No r g Brampton Gurdon , etton , ff folk , and Grundisburgh , Su olk , by his second

o f o f wife , Mary, daughter Samuel Howard,

Brockdish in Norfolk Mrs . Frere ( 1 78 1

u f who was noted for her bea ti ul voice , probably knew more about music than 86 DOWNING COLLEGE any one in England at the beginning of

the century . They had one son , Philip

Howard , sometime Fellow of Downing Col

: lege , and four daughters Ellen Mary , who

- married the Hon . Stephen Spring Rice, son of the first and father of the second Lord Monteagle ofBrandon ; Wilhelmina Frederica

f- married her hal cousin, the Rev . Edward

Gurdon .

Mrs . Frere was said by Madame Catalani

to be the best unprofessional singerinEngland . Edward Fitzgerald Letters and Literary ” Re mains of Edward Fitzgerald ) writes to Frederic Tennyson in 1 829 : For the last

’ week I have been staying with Spring- Rice s

- in - mother law, Mrs . Frere , one of the finest

n judges of music I k ow. She was a very

fine singer . We used to look over the score

7 of Don Giovanni together, and many a mystery and mastery of composition did she ” show me in it .

Cat a an t h e s n e r w o s e E n s wa s ve r u nn u s e l i i g , h gli h y f y, d ” a a s o ck n u e t o ca ll a le ar ne d l dy t i g bl .

8 8 DOWNING COLLEGE the ladies immediately arose and proffered their seats . i l Mrs . Frere took great interest in a gr cu ture and especially in arboricu lture ; many of the trees in the Downing College grounds and on the Downing Estate were planted under her directions . She is still remem bered on her father’ s Suffolk estate as

. u Madam Frere . Mr Brampton G rdon , of

Assington , Colchester , once asked an old woman at Grundisburgh , who said she had

Sh e known her well , whether had ever heard ” “ S & : her ing . Sing she replied No ; but

’ I ve seen her take a gun and go a - shooting ” in Walnut Tree Wood .

S - fiv e Her father , who was ixty when she was

born , was Member of Parliament for Norfolk . She had in consequence the privilege of bespeaking her own plays two nights a week at Norwich Theatre ; so it came about that through her the hitherto unheard - o f e xpe r i ment of private theatricals took place in

Downing College Hall . MASTERS 89

1 1 4 8 . In July , Mrs Siddons was invited to give a Shakespeare reading before the

University . Being the guest of Serjeant and

s Mrs . Frere , she afterward recited the Dagger Scene from “ Macbeth in their drawing room ; but marred the climax by producing from her belt at this which now I draw ” her sp e ct a cle ca s e

Her visit, though in July , was so success ful that she wrote Cambridge in vacation ” is better than Oxford in term time .

A u t obi o r a h o De a n M e r i va le In the g p y f , L edited by his daughter ( ondon , we are told that the Freres inherited the famo u s

P t n t t r a s o Le e s from Lady Fenn . They were found in t heir house at Du ng a t e by their son

Howard . Their authenticity has been doubted . ’ “ ” During Mrs . Frere s time a salon was established at the Lodge ; she and the

Master were friends of Canning , and both were younger and moved in a much wider Sphere of social life than the other Heads of

Houses and their wives . DOWNING COLLEGE

Ca m br i d e Ch r oni cle 5 The g ofFriday , Nov. , 1 8 1 3 , has the following announcement On Wednesday t h e Master of Sidney and the Master of Downing (Serj e a nt Frere) were put in nomination by the Heads of Colleges

- for the Vice Chancellorship , being the two senior in degree of those Heads who had not served the office ; and yesterday the Master of Sidney was elected by the Senate . Con s ide r able doubt existed whether the rank of the Master of Downing as a Serjeant - a t - law ought to give h im a priority according to the usage of the University or the superior degree of the Master of Sidney as a Bachelor O of Divinity . The prevalent pinion appears to have been in favour of the academical ” degree .

Serjeant Frere died in 1 8 36. The next D D Master , the Rev . Thomas Worsley , . . , F was born in July 1 79 7 ; he presided

fo - over the College r forty nine years , dying in February 1 8 8 5 . He came of a good old

Wor k e sle family , the Worsleys , or De y , who

92 DOWNING COLLEGE

Trinity, where he became a foundation

scholar . His studies were mainly classical, and the Classical Tripos had not then been 1 8 20 established , but he took his degree in

as third Senior Optime . He continued to reside at Trinity as Bachelor Scholar until

1 822 . He competed for a Fellowship ; but , in consequence of there being only a single

vacancy , he proved unsuccessful . During his Trinity residence he lived on intimate terms

with Sedgwick, Whewell , Peacock , Thirlwall and Julius Hare— men whose regard for him

terminated only with their lives . Mozley and the two Hares were men of conversation who won their ground by the wonderful life

and vivacity of their talk and of Worsley ,

their friend , it may be said that some of his fascination and influence was due to the

same cause . In 1 82 2 he was appointed one of the

Travelling Bachelors . In that capacity he

visited Italy , devoting himself to the study

of art , especially of the Italian Masters , and MASTERS 93 acquiring a practical knowledge which he afterwards turned to excellent account in gu iding the management of the Fitzwilliam

Collections . His companions in travel were Augustus Hare— who in one of his published letters Speaks of him as the brother of my — soul Julius Hare , and Walter Savage

L s andor at Florence . At Rome the friend became intimate with Bunsen and Thor

va lds e n f . This first visit to Italy le t its

impression on his whole life , and among all his varied interests the love of art was probably that from which he derived the

keenest enjoyment . It was no doubt during this residence amongst the treasures of the Italian galleries that he developed that i artistic skill which ult mately rendered him , in the opinion of competent judges , probably the best amateur landscape painter in

England . Even when his seventieth year was passed he continued to use the artist’ s 1 24 brush . In 8 Worsley was elected to a

Fellowship at Downing , succeeding to the 94 DOWNING COLLEGE

“ Fellowship held by Mr . Rolfe , afterwards L ord Cranworth . On his election he left

. w 1 8 36 Italy T elve years later , in , he was appointed Master . Mr . Power , a Fellow , appealed against the appointment . His obj cc tion , in part a question whether by the Statutes a clerical Fellow was eligible for the L Mastership , had some weight , as the ord Chancellor ordered the College to pay

’ ’ Mr . Power s costs . Mr . Power s counsel , t Sir John Campbell , stated hat , while con tending that Mr . Worsley was not a bonu s s oci u s in the technical meaning of the term , he did not mean to throw any aspersion upon his social gifts , which were of the highest order .

Dr . Whewell, who interested himself in

’ Worsley s election on that occasion , has given the following account of him Worsley is a person of very conciliatory character , very great accomplishments , and very desirous of m aking the College more effective for the purposes of good education t han it has yet

DOWNING COLLEGE

We e t h e Fu t u r e t h e a st igh d by P ,

Lea r ne h o w soc a r a m e s m a a st d i l f y l , A nd h ow a la nd m a y r u le it s fat e

cons t a nc nv o a By y i i l t e .

He is stated to have been remarkable for the graceful manner in which he blended athletic amusements with the dignity of

that responsible position . Mr . G . Ticknor,

the American , the historian of Spanish lite

rature , met Worsley at dinner at Peter 1 8 37 house in , and remarked that the Vice “ Chancellor Worsley , Master of Downing, is more of a belles lettres scholar and knows more continental literature than is com mouly found in these cloistered establish

W - ments . hen Worsley was Vice Chan ce llor , the Professorship of Moral Philo

Sophy became vacant . The electors were a small body of whom the Vice - Chancellor

’ was the most important . Worsley s friends h i m f wished to accept the o fice , but he put forth all his influence on behalf of

ll . Dr . Whewe , Master of Trinity The latter MASTERS 97 after his election dedicated the two inau gural lectures to Worsley in the following terms l M A Re v . . To the Thomas Wors ey , Master f ll o Downing Co ege .

MY DEAR WORSLEY ,

I think you already know that , in my

O pinion , one of the greatest pleasures which

the writing of books brings is , that we may make them memorials o f our most cherished f fe w f riendships . The pages now be ore you I have peculiar and paramount reasons for dedicating to you . It is through your kindness that I hold the Professorship in virtue of which these lectures were delivered ; for the encouragement which you gave me when the vacancy occurred (you being , as

- o f Vice Chancellor, one the electors) princi pally induced me to offer myself as a

fo r ffi candidate the o ce . Yet the sub ject which the Professorship embraces was one which had occupied your own thoughts G ' 9s DOWNING COLLEGE so much , that the vacancy might readily have suggested other wishes to a person who thou ght more of himself and less of others . To yourself and the other excellent and valued friends who concurred in my

a election , my cknowledgments are due , for

e ff the good opinion impli d in your su rages .

As the present publication may serve to show, I have endeavoured to make the appoint ment effective towards the furtherance of the study of Moral Philosophy among us . “ I reflect with the more pleasure on this act of kindness on your part, because it is only one among many manifestations of a friendship which it has been my happiness to enjoy during almost the whole course of my University life ; which is still a constant

r t o l source of g atification me and which wil ,

. I trust , never be interrupted

With all cordial good wishes , believe me ,

My dear Worsley , Aff ectionately yours , “ W WH WE . E LL .

100 DOWNING COLLEGE

— a n ff University o ice now abolished , its emoluments being merged in those of the

Hulsean Divinity Professorship . One of the conditions of the tenure of the office was that the Christian Advocate should publish in each year a book in defence of the Christian f Faith . This o fice he held for six years and the lectures which he delivered while holding it

form the substance of his work , The Province ’

of the Intellect in Religion , deduced from our

’ ” Lord s Sermon on the Mount .

’ With respect to this side of Dr . Worsley s

work , it may be said with confidence that the whole leisure of his remaining years of life (interrupted only by the publication of his Christian Drift of Cambridge Work ’ ) was devoted to the elaboration of his analysis

of the Structure of the Scriptures . But he forbore to publish any further fruits of his l inquiry unti at last , after thirty more years of unremitting thought , he had convinced himself that the recurrences , throughout the m Bible , of that definite and co plex arrange MASTERS 1 01 ment which he had generalised were so

SO numerous and unvarying that , in his own “ o f words , the scientific improbability their taking place by chance differs but imper ” ce t i p bly from a scientific impossibility . In the hope that he had thus obtained a new

basis of faith , and a new organon of theo

logical science , he watched with keen but undismayed interest that conflict between the Old forms o f belief and the speculations

of recent criticism and philosophy , which

Coleridge, in a farewell interview at High l gate , had warned him that he wou d live to

see , and had charged him to bear a part in .

Realising to the full , as he did , the craving of modern minds for clearer and more definite

’ f o f mani estations the Divine ; for, as he said, something beyond even outward and historic miracles , something which may be to us as t h e authentic and articulate voice of

’ ” God , speaking to each man s own spirit, he nerved himself, at the age of fourscore , to give the world his answer to its craving . 1 02 DOWNING COLLEGE

But to connect and condense the results o f more than half a century of continuous inquiry was too protracted a task for failing

in sight and varying health . This lifelong v e s t iga t io n of the letter of the Bible is the

Plu m t r e reason why Professor p , in his sketch

’ of Julius Hare s friends , describes Dr. Worsley as

One we ll skille d t o t r ace

Th e e e t ou t s n i n om e wor s d p h gh lyi g hid h ly d , ” Th e s e cr e t t r e a su r e o f t h e w or d Divin e &

A good portrait in oils of h im in middle life is owned by Mr . Webster of Regent Street , h for many years t e College Butler. This portrai t conveys a stronger impression of active energy than the later one by Rich m Ond in the College Hall . 20 1 842 On June , , Dr . Worsley married

St a ns fe ld Katharine , daughter of Rawson ,

Wa s t da le . Esq . , of Hall , Cumberland No children survived . The tender devotion of

’ the wife was t h e brightness of the Master s life , and her sweet and gracious presence lent

1 04 DOWNING COLLEGE

founded, there was no provision for Evening E L ducation in ondon . This Institution was the pioneer of a movement which rapidly

extended over the country, was copied in the

Colonies , and was the father of the Evening

a r e Colleges and Polytechnics , now so well pp i ’ c a t e d . Dr . Birkbeck s words at the laying

- O i of the foundation stone have proved pr ph e t c . He said We are about to erect a temple to ff the increase of knowledge , to the di usion of the riches of the mind , to the amelioration of the human intellect ; we are founding an Institution for the improvement of the noblest faculties of man one to which the invitation shall be as universal as the dominion of knowledge , to the highest and humblest , alike and equal . The liberal spirit which had been thus stamped by its founder on the Birkbeck Institution was sedulously main t a ine d . So we are not surprised to learn that here for the first time classes were opened to women ; and that long before the days of the women’ s degrees question at MASTERS 1 05

Cambridge , at the Birkbeck both sexes l l attended the same ectures . By an en ight ened management this Institution has been steadily brought into touch with each new

as educational movement , and now has many students as a small university . Professor Birkbeck’ s courteous tact is still remembered

- by some of the senior o ffice bearers .

’ r Professor W; L . Bi kbeck s mother was

o f Katharine , youngest daughter Mr . Sampson L loyd , and he was her eldest son . He became 1 826 a Scholar of Trinity in , ninth Wrangler 1 8 30 in , and Fellow of Trinity in the same year , on the first occasion on which he was eligible . His private tutor Hopkins said that an abler man had never come under his ” tuition . He was a member of The Family , a select company of bon vi va nt s and s a va n t s — a still existing cl u b where his charming manner and great conversational gifts were appreciated to the full . In his later days he Often spoke of the changes he had w itnessed ; how he had come up by the Ti m e s coach and 106 DOWNING COLLEGE had to book his seat at least fourteen days

L h a d previously , how the ittle Go been an examination of one day , how in his time the

Integral Calculus had been in its infancy , how much the high places in the mathe m a t ica l tripos depended on the chance of having obtained a sight of MSS . circulated by the coaches , and how problems were given out from the gallery of the Senate House . Professor Birkbeck was called to the Bar 1 834 by the Society of the Inner Temple in , and practised as a conveyancer and in the

Equity Courts . In 1 836 he travelled in

Turkey and Greece , and ever afterwards he took a keen interest in Eastern politics , especially in those of Poland, as his sister 1 8 4 1 had married a Polish gentleman . In he became Secretary to the “ Literary Asso ” cia t io n of the Friends of Poland . His funeral at Kensal Green was consequently attended by a Polish deputation . During the Crimean War he suggested a measure for preventing Russia from raising

1 08 DOWNING COLLEGE

’ Kenny s book had obtained in Official circles had a direct influence in bringing about the 1 8 9 1 t h introduction in , of e Mortmain and

Charitable Uses Bill , which was carried through Parliament by Lord Herschell ; under which any land may be given by will to any charitable use (but must be sold within one year after the death of the tes tator for the benefit of the Charity) . This

Act accordingly has produced, as has been L L “ said by ord Justice indley , a total revo lu t ion in the law , a total departure from

a nd dir e c anterior legislation , a wholly new i ” t on of thought . 1 8 5 2 From , for twenty years , Professor Birkbeck was Reader in Equity at Lincoln’ s ’ “ ” Inn . Snell s Principles of Equity is in great part a reproduction of these lectures . A . remarkable proof of the value of the Pro

’ fe s sor s materials and method is that this work is now in its twelfth edition . In the preface Snell speaks with gratitude of the great help he had received from the “ lectures MASTERS 1 09

o . f that able and distinguished Master , Mr ” Birkbeck . In 1 8 60 he was elected to the Downing

Professorship , and retained it till his death . For the most part he gave lectures on Real

. 2 6 and Personal Property . On Saturday , Jan , 1 8 61 , Professor Birkbeck began a course

of lectures to the Prince of Wales . The Professor describes the Prince as “ a very ” - - nice looking , fair haired boy . The Prince

was then a little over nineteen . The legal friend to whom Professor Birkbeck bequeathed

his MSS . has permitted the publishing of the following passage describing the first of these lectures The Prince shook hands cordially

with me . I said , I feel much honoured by

’ seeing your Royal Highness in my house .

We sat down . He and his tutor , Mr . Herbert

- Fisher, took out their note books , and I spoke a little lecture on the countries subject to the laws of England . When I was nearly a u bou t de m on La t i n , I asked whether I should proceed to another subject ; but Mr . Fisher 1 10 DOWNING COLLEGE

requested that I should recapitulate . This I

did . They then took their leave and are to

come again on Tuesday . The Professor also mentions having had a lengthy interview with the Prince Consort

about the education of the Prince of Wales . He writes

1 61 A r i l 2 — 8 . , p Had a long conversation this afternoon at Windsor Castle with the Prince Consort (at the wish of His Royal Highness) on the subject of the studies of the Prince of Wales . The Prince Consort spoke with great animation and freedom . After some general remarks on the study of — law in which he said he found it very — interesting h e asked to what branches of

’ law the Prince s studies had been directed .

La w Had he heard about Criminal , Trial by Jury and the La w of Evidence & To this I replied Yes ; and the general nature o r offences . Whereupon the Prince Consort said I am desirous that he should study Constitutional

1 12 DOWNING COLLEGE He should thoroughly understand the posi tion of the Prince of Wales towards the Sovereign and the other branches of the

Royal Family . He may meet with companions who may tell him that he ought not to be under the control of his mother . Then he should understand the provisions of the Royal Marriage Act , and the reasons l on which it is founded . The evi s which have resulted from ill- considered alliances of the Royal Family through private families having pretensions to the Crown as the

Wars of the Roses . He should feel that the Royal Family possess numerous advantages . They receive large sums from the nation . Their marriages are matters of national concern . Portions are given them by laws , not by settlements . The nation is interested in the Royal Family, so that even their households are regulated by

Parliament . And the nation is interested in preserving the honour of the Royal Family MASTERS 1 1 3

unimpaired . In consequence of this , the Sovereign has several times insisted on the dismissal o f particular individuals . “ The Prince of Wales ought thoroughly to understand his position as a Constitutional

Sovereign . In this connection the maxim ,

’ ‘ n A king can do no wro g , is practically — E . II . untrue dward II and Richard , who P l were set aside by ar iament , are instances of this . l It is genera ly said , the Prince Consort went on to remark , that the House of

Commons represents the people , and the

o f r House Lords the landed inte est . This

. l is incorrect I wi l tell you , said the O Prince Consort , my pinion (though I do not wish you to tell the Prince anything you do not believe) . The landed interest is as much represented by the House o f Commons

b of L as y the House ords . The Sovereign really represents the people . The people f desires to see itsel reflected in the Sovereign,

l f- and oves it by a species of sel worship , as

H 1 1 4 DOWNING COLLEGE if a person should fall in love with his own

- reflection in a looking glass . Why did the people testify so much sym pathy for the loss of the poor Duchess of Kent & Because they desire to see about the throne the sa me relations as exist in every cottage in

. SO l the kingdom in matters of re igion , it would produce a painful effect if the Royal Family abstained from attending public

worship . The Sovereign is held answerable by the people fo r the success or failure of Go vern

ment . You may watch the fluctuations of

loyalty like the movements of the barometer . It is said that the only time at which the Sovereign directly exercises power is during

the brief interval between two Ministries .

This is not correct . Nothing is less free to w the Cro n than the choice of Ministers . In

fact , it generally can be predicted out of h doors who will be Ministers . But at ot er times the Crown exercises great influence by its use of patronage .

1 1 6 DOWNING COLLEGE business than he . I do not think that there is any clerk in a public office who works as hard as the Queen . The Prince should be encouraged to dili gence . In order to be happy he must work . Then the constitution of the Cabinet

Council should be explained to him . The

Cabinet Council is too large and too small . It is a disadvantage that the debates are not carried on in the presence of the Sovereign . Only the result o f the deli beration is com m u nica t e d to the Sovereign ; and may be insufficiently expressed . The remedy formerly was that t h e Sove reign was informed of all that passed by one or two members of the Cabinet who held briefs for t h e Sovereign . This was the cause of the frequent breaking up of Cabinets in the reigns of George II . and George III. as we now know by the memoirs . “ During the present reign all communication has taken place through the Prime Minister. Thus the hands of the Prime Minister have MASTERS 1 1 7 been strengthened in a greater extent than

had ever been done previously . This is the

meaning of various occurrences , however much they may have been misrepresented by news L papers . The First ord of the Treasury as Prime Minister is not a recognised const it u ” t iona l f o ficer . l Professor Birkbeck then asked , Cou d the old constitution of the Privy Council be returned to with advantage & ” PRINCE CONSORT : Not the old co nst it u tion ; but the constitution might be r e

ll And mode ed . this can be done by the

o f . Sovereign , as it is mere matter usage The failure which took place in the last — great war I do not mean the war o f the — Crimea was through the want o f some one

to conduct the operations of war . Perhaps no one was more unfit to con

duct a war than Mr . Pitt . — A number o f gentlemen the ablest men — in the country , it is true meet together and

u determine that war shall be made , witho t 1 1 8 DOWNING COLLEGE considering by what means war is to be

carried on . The expedition to the Crimea was so

decided on .

It was not the army which was in fault , but the Horse Guards . Lord Hardinge suggested that there were — many things wanting hospitals , ambulances , means of transport .

The same thing will occur again .

We have an expensive army and navy , as well as militia and volunteers ; but neither the army nor the navy have any effective reserves .

a nd The men are excellent, will do their best . To man the navy there is only the press w t gang hich canno be used , and yet must be ” used in the event of a war breaking out .

BIRK BE OK t Prof. Is here no remedy for this state of things PR INCE CONSOR T Nothing could be easier— you have a sort of conscription in

120 DOWNING COLLEGE

the usual hour . Just before we went away , Fisher informed me that t h e Prince could not come to be lectured at my house next morn — ing, as had been arranged that a telegram had arrived announcing that the Prince Con

sort was seriously ill , and that the Prince

would go up by a special train that night .

S u nda De ce m be r 1 5 — A y , . letter from General Bruce stating th at the Prince Con

sort had been very ill but was better . “ A despatch soon arrived in the morning , ’ — about eleven o clock , for the Vice Chancellor, announcing the death of the Prince Consort ” on the day before . In 1 8 8 5 he was unanimously elected

Master. He continued to hold his Professor t ship along wi h the Mastership , remaining in his professorial lodge . Soon afterwards he took silk . He was the author of articles on

Poland and the Danubian Principalities , and of papers on the Reform and Codification of

La w the of Nations, and of a small work entitled Historical Sketch o f the Dis t r ibu MASTERS 1 21 L tion of and in England . A work on

political economy, which had long occupied h is attention and o f which a small portion m was already in type , re ained unfinished at

his death , and has never been published .

Au t obi o r a h o De a n M e r i va le In the g p y f , from which we have already made one quota f tion , there are several re erences to our Master Birkbeck at the time when he and

n Dean Merivale were u dergraduates . On page 67 of this work we read “ My first evening was spent with the Wordsworths ’ L at the Master s odge at Trinity . Charles

Wordsworth [he became Bishop of St . An ’ f drew s] was my old Harrow riend , and was f of Christ Church Ox ord , Christopher [he

e L b came Bishop of incoln] , his younger brother , had just entered at Trinity. They had got together a dozen freshmen , John

Frere , Birkbeck , and others whom I forget , and we passed together one of those hours of fabulous felicity when young men meet

together, perhaps for the first time , with 1 22 DOWNING COLLEGE

some common friend as a centre of interest , and the common aspirations of a new career ” before them . We can understand therefore , how rich must have been the experience which directed much of the brilliant conver sation in the Downing Combination Room when the Master occupied his accustomed chair by the fireside . Another quotation from page 1 5 1 of the same work lends sup port to our view , for we find Dean Merivale “ writing, The bachelors have instituted a society , the members being Wordsworth ,

Birkbeck, Steel [he became Mathematical

a Master at Harrow] , Blakeley [he bec me L — Dean of incoln] , Merivale and others to be

’ He r m a h n DO & called the t e ae . you give it up That iswhich is to com bine wr it ing andtalking according to the most approved explanation . 2 3 1 8 8 8 He died unmarried on May , . One who knew him well has described him as the model of an English gentleman, a man who never made an enemy nor hurt

’ ” another s feelings .

124’ DOWNING COLLEGE

Sir George Humphry , and subsequently under

Professor Macalister . He is still Univer s it L y ecturer in Advanced Anatomy . On various occasions he has served as examiner M B . for the degree at Cambridge , and for the Natural Science Tripos ; and for a while the University of Glasgow availed itself of his services to examine its students in

Anatomy . Meanwhile he published many papers in the P hi los op hi ca l Tr a ns a ct i ons of

t h e R o a l S oci e t J ou rn a l o Ana t om y y , the f y

a nd P h s i olo Br i t i s h Me di ca l J ou r na l y gy , the ,

’ i n Br a &c . , ; and his Physiologist s Note book ” and Plan of the Central Nervous System ” made him known to a large number

o f students . O Dr . Hill was therefore no bscure and untried man when chosen as Master of 1 8 8 8 Downing College in June , by the

unanimous vote of the electors . Though the youngest Head of a House in Oxford or Cam

bridge , he speedily made his influence felt in

t o every direction . Steps were taken improve MASTERS 1 25

o f the condition the College estates , and the Master was soon as well known to the villagers who lived on the land o f the College as to the undergraduates within its walls . Nor was his activity confined to the affairs o f the Foundation over whose fortunes b e pre sided . He pursued his work as University

L a n ecturer , published annotated translation ’ “ ” Obe r s t e ine r s of Central Nervous Organs ,

and continued to examine in Natural Science .

1 9 - In 8 7 Dr . Hill was chosen Vice Chancellor

o f 1 89 8 of the University Cambridge , and in

r - he was e elected for another year . His tenure of this high office has been marked by great activityin a ll departments ; and although it is as yet too early to appraise the results

- of his Vice Chancellorship , it will be generally

admitted that for tact , dignity , energy , and eloquence he will bear comparison with the

most distinguished of his predecessors . His influence is felt far beyond the borders Of

. ll his University Dr . Hi has interested him self deeply in the affairs o f the National 126 DOWNING COLLEGE

Home Reading Union . Since its origination in 1 8 89 he has been chairman of its Executive Committee ; and has found time to write

numerous papers for its magazines , some of

which he has edited . The scholarly notes to

its edition of Browning are entirely his work . Within the University the interests ofscience are his first care ; but he takes no narrow

view of education , and fosters literary culture

by every means in his power . He believes in diffusing its light among all sorts and con

dit ions of men , and constantly gives of his own scanty leisure in order that he may Open out to others some glimpses of the wonders

of science or the beauties of external nature . He broke into entirely new ground in his

t h e latest work , A Run Round Empire which was the product of a tour taken with his wife and two children not long before his

- election as Vice Chancellor . It shows the man of science and of affairs in a light new

t o indeed the readers of his previous books, but by no means new to his friends , who have

C H A P T E R V

P RO FE SS O RS

— ’ E . r e A a m d C r s a n M k M . t T St a . L A J o n s 1800 . h i i , . ., h , ; i , , a t 1823 A Am Ll B r k W. C . o s M A. Tr n t 1849 . h , ; . , . , i i y, ; i e ck M A lan M A . . C . Tr n a t . t 1 6 F M . 8 0 . W. . b , , Q , i i y, ; i d, , D T LL . r n t 1888 . , i i y, .

Me di ci ne — B u s ck Ha 1 Co r nwa s r wo o M D Em m . 800 i d, . . , , ; lli

M .D H we M A D s e r . e t t . . o wn n 1814 Wm We s t e r F , , i g , ; . b i h , , 1 D D wn Do wn n 841 r W k . o t e a a m M . A M . e wo r La t . i g , P ll h , , , i n 1874 J o n B u k M D G ai ns a nd Do wn n c e r a u r . . g, h l y B db y, , i g, 1 9 8 4 .

PROFESSOR Edward Christian , the first L Downing Professor of the aws of England , 1 779 w was third Wrangler in , and Fello of

’

h . St . Jo n s College , Cambridge Christian began in 1 78 5 to lecture at Cambridge on

La w 1 8 8 English ; and in 7 he received , by a “ L Grace, the title of Professor of the aws of England until Downing College shall be PROFESSORS 1 29 f A ounded . nnesley is , even then , called ” o f l Master Downing Co lege .

u s Jeremy Pemberton , afterwards Chief J

tice of Nova Scotia , seems to have lectured ,

or at least been appointed to lecture, before him ; as Christian is appointed to succeed

him .

Ca m br id e Ch r oni cle The g of Friday ,

5 1 8 1 3 f a n November , , has the ollowing nou nce m e nt Professor Christian will begin his lectures on the Constitution and the

Laws of England on Monday next . Inquire

’ ” i h t n s a t r De o . M . g Christian was one o f the counsel for the University against the heirs o f Sir Jacob

Garrard Downing . He held the appoint ment of Chief Justice of the Isle of Ely , to which a stipend of £ 1 5 5 was attached ; he b had been nominated y the Bishop , Dr . James 1 8 36 Yorke . In the temporal jurisdiction exercised within the Isle of Ely by the

Bishops ceased . On one occasion a decision of the Chief Justice o f the Isle of Ely was 1 30 DOWNING COLLEGE L quoted before ord Ellenborough , a relation of Christian’ s whereupon Lord Ellenborough “ & ” asked the counsel , Who ruled that To this the reply was , The Chief Justice of the L ” Isle of Ely , my ord . And this brought “ forth the comment , That judge is only fit

- to rule a copy book . It was through a book written by Pro fe s s or n Christia , in which the claim of certain libraries to free Oopies of new publications L was considered , that the University ibrary finally secured its right to obtain copies of new books . For after the appearance of

’ Christian s statement of the case the claim was not contested . Christian mentions in this work that in 1 8 1 8 sizars and fellow commoners were not admitted to the Uni L A . M . versity ibrary But every . might take home ten books , which he could lend to

B. A. s . or undergraduates , as now Another member of the family was con ne ct e d with the mutiny of the Bou n ty

’ Fletcher , Professor Christian s brother . He

1 32 DOWNING COLLEGE L h ’ burn , ancashire , also of S . Jo n s College , 1 1 having been Senior Wrangler in 77 . Pro fe ss or Starkie was Fellow and Tutor of

’

. Le c S Catharine s College , and afterwards m turer to the Inner Te ple . He was called 1 8 1 0 L ’ to the Bar in , as a member of incoln s

Inn , and went the Northern Circuit . He was also University Counsel and Judge of the Clerkenwell Court of Requests . His help on the Criminal La w Commission was of the greatest possible value . He died at 1 4 1 5 8 9 . Downing College , April , He wrote on Slander and on Special Pleading ; and a

La w r e work on the of Evidence , of which 1 8 33 1 842 vised editions were published in , ,

1 8 5 3 r e and , and the book has been often

printe d in America . The third Downing Professor o f La w was Andrew Amos ; who was born in India on 1 5 1 79 1 July , , where his father was a

Russian merchant . His mother was the daughter of a Swiss general in the Dutch

service . Amos went to Eton and to Trinity PROFESSORS 1 33 d College , Cambri ge , graduating as fifth

n 1 1 3 Wra gler in 8 . He became Fellow and

Auditor of his College . After taking his

degree , he travelled in Germany , Russia , and n Swede . He joined the Midland Circuit after being called to the Bar by the Middle

Temple . At the Bar he had a large arbitra tion practice , and also held general retainers for most of the public offices ; he was also much employed by the Government in draw ing Acts of Petition . His attention was also devoted at the Bar to matters relating to the University of Cambridge . In couse qu e nce of this he received a very rare com — plim e nt from his University a piece of plate L on which was engraved a atin inscription ,

L . composed by Dr . Kaye , Bishop of incoln The inscription stated that the present was “ made p r o la bor e i n com p one ndi s A ca de m i cs ” con t r ove r s ii s e li ci t e r colloca t o f .

Amos became Recorder of Oxford , Notting ham , and Banbury . He was also a member of the Commission for revising the Criminal 1 34 DOWNING COLLEGE

La w . His authority as a jurist was so well established that he was consulted by the Government of Australia on the matter of the extension of trial by jury in that colony . Amos was Professor of English La w a t Uni L versity College , ondon , when Austin was

Professor of Jurisprudence . He was a very

u successf l lecturer, having as many as one hundred and fifty in his class . He had also many distinguished private pupils , such as

L - Shaw efevre , Vernon Harcourt (son of the

L u ffie ld S . Archbishop) , and ord His bust , presented by his students, is at University

. 1 8 37 College In , as the following letter L ’ shows , he took ord Macaulay s place in India

“ I NDIA B ARD O ,

24 Au u s t 1 837 . g ,

The office of Legislative Councillor in the Government of India will become

t h e vacant by retirement of Mr . Macaulay in

1 8 38 f . February , and I beg to o fer it to you

1 36 DOWNING COLLEGE 1 8 4 in 8 . In taking the Professorship he

co m e n made some sacrifices , which were p sated by the amenities Of Cambridge society and by the facilities for literary pursuits . As Chair man of Petty Sessions for an exten

i in sive distr ct of magistrates Herts , Amos obtained a knowledge ofthe magisterial duties of a country gentleman which was of great utility in the instruction Of a large class of his students in the University . In his work upon some criminal trials in I the reign of James . , he published for the first time many interesting facts which he had extracted from the State Papers . His books are full of interesting antiquarian information , such as the legal history of heirlooms , char “ l fish — ters , crownjewe s , deer , things annexed

” ’ to the freehold ; that the smith s anvil is not liable to be taken for distress that arti chokes , which cannot be taken without breaking the soil, go to the heir , not to the executor . Then he explains much curious church law ; for example , that if a church PROFESSORS 1 37 ff is hung in mourning , or sca oldings are

a ll put up in a church on public occasions , these things become the property of the

o f parson , because he possesses the freehold the church , on the ground that they are a tacit gift to him on the other hand , the churchwardens have a special property in

- the bell ropes , while the organ belongs not to the parson but to the parishioners . Amos turned his legal training to a thorough i n v e st iga t io n o f the Reformation Parliament o f VIII Henry . His lectures were almost as good as a contemporary account o f those stormy times . He showed the temporal peers yielding to the weighty inducements of marriages of wealthy heirs and heiresses , of gifts from the royal domains (then alienable

’ at the monarch s caprice) , of annuities carved

v from the re enues of Episcopal sees ; while , l on the other hand , the spiritua peers , then the majority of the Upper House , are tempted piecemeal by commendams , translations , dis

e ns a t io ns p , embassies , rangerships . The 1 38 DOWNING COLLEGE Records of Parliament are made to depict social events of the day such as the following :

Amos tells how Roose , a cook , had cast a certain venom int o a vessel replenished with porridge which was standing in the kitchen o of the Bish p of Rochester , whereby seven teen members o f the household had suffered

and one had died, and what was left had as

usual been distributed among the poor , caus

ing another death . King Henry inwardly

a ll m abhorring this , ade poisoning high treason

n by Act of Parliame t . In this case Parlia

ment , resting satisfied for the facts with

’ the King s blessed remembrance , did not trouble to examine witnesses ; and enacted

that Roose , being a cook , should be boiled to

death without benefit of clergy . The miser able Roose was accordingly boiled to death in l Sm it hfie d .

Amos died in 1 8 60 . It was a disappoint ment to h is friends that he wa s not raised

to the peerage .

An account of Mr. Birkbeck , professor

1 40 DOWNING COLLEGE The eldest of the three sons held an official appointment in India ; the youngest was a h L w merc ant of ynn , who after ards removed

to Ely. Sir Busick was put apprentice to an apothecary— the custom in those days— but

after a few years , disagreeing with his t L master , he lef him , went to ondon , passed

an examination as a surgeon , and got an

appointment l n the East Indies . Some

nabob having been wounded in the eye , “ w ul Busick Har ood was cons ted , and rendered

the Nabob an essential service, for which he ” received a very considerable sum . After

some experience as a military doctor, he

returned to England for his health . He

’ entered at Christ s ; and then went to

Emmanuel , where he had some good ” 1 78 5 apartments and a garden In , he became University Professor of Anatomy .

u Sir B sick married Elizabeth Maria, only l P e s h a l t . daughter of Sir John , Bar (of

’

L . Horsley , eicestershire) , at St Botolph s ,

1 9 8 . Cambridge, in July 7 There was no PROFESSORS 141

family . This epigram was made on the duets which the Professor and a knightly friend used to play . It ran

Si r u s c Sir sa a c B i k, I , It w ou ld m ake yo u a nd I sick ;

Si r sa a c Si r u s c I , B i k ,

o ou r m u s c To lis t t y i . Sir Busick Harwood wrote a treatise on ” o f the Use and Abuse Domestic Medicine . The following anecdote throws an interest ing light on the Social Cambridge of this

time ; Sir Busick Harwood , and Mansel , the

Of Master Trinity and Bishop of Bristol , were

not on the best of terms . On one occasion Mansel was at a breakfast party at the Pro

’ fe s s or s of ; the latter , out of kindness heart,

placed an undergraduate of Trinity , a noble

a t man , the same table as the Master of

Trinity . After the meal had commenced f Mansel got up abruptly and le t . Next L morning , Sir Busick went to Trinity odge

. : to make inquiries He began I am come , L my lord , on the part of ady Harwood and 142 DOWNING COLLEGE myself, to ask Here the Master broke in Sir Busick , I am a prelate of the church , heaven knows how unworthy

Heaven does know and so do I , said the knight , as he fled .

Gunning tells us how , when Sir Busick

contemplated marriage , he explained to a friend that the future Lady Harwood had

not a great deal of money , but that both

were great favourites with old Dr . Glynn ,

who had plenty , and no one to whom to

. s leave it In consequence of thi , the lady

wrote to Dr. Glynn to the effect that Pro fe s s or Harwood had made her a proposal of marriage ; that she could not but acknow ledge that she thought more highly of him than of any other man with whom she

was acquainted ; but that , in a matter of such great importance to her future happi

ness , she could not think of accepting his offer till she had asked the advice and r e ce iv e d the approbation of so dear and kin d

’ a friend . The doctor s answer was of the

1 44 DOWNING COLLEGE com mittee m e t they found it would be nee d

ful to limit the subscriptions to two guineas . Whereupon a letter was addressed to the committee from “ A Member of the Univer ” n in hi s sity , beggi g that particular case the

restriction need not be enforced , because this was the only way in which he could

evince his gratitude to the Professor. A

£5 0 . banknote for was enclosed It was , on

good grounds , thought the Professor was the m wr iter . The majority of the com ittee

4 1 88 decided not to devote the £ 7 . to some h c arity . There seems to be little doubt that

’ the donor s wish was carried out . There

is also another, a story which we forbear to

S quote , about the Professor and the pirits of wine in which b e preserved his unsavou ry

l a anatomica specimens , and the uns tiable

- thirst of his bibulous bed maker .

w as e Professor Harwood follow d by Dr . li Cornwal s Hewett, who was a Trinity man , 1 09 i 8 M. A being eighth Jun or Optime in , . in 1 M D 822 . 1 1 2 . . 8 , in He was elected to a PROFESSORS 1 45

1 8 1 1 Fellowship at Downing in , and lived

much in Bolton Street , Piccadilly . He died

fift - fift h at Brighton , in his y year, on Sep 1 3 1 4 1 8 . tember ,

Dr . William Webster Fisher , Downing

. D M . Professor of Medicine , graduated at 1 825 Montpellier in , where he was first in the Medical School . He entered Trinity in

1 8 2 . 7, where his brother , the Rev John t Hutton Fisher , was Fellow and Assistan L Tutor . ater he migrated to Downing, M 1 4 B . 3 where he graduated in 8 . Shortly afterwards he became Fellow . On Novem 4 1 3 1 8 . ber , , he was elected Professor The

Ti m e s a , when originally announcing the p

’ pointment , stated that Dr . Fisher s politics were anything but conservative ; and that his professional merits were of the highest order and enjoyed a European reputation . He was Bursar for a period of twelve L years , and was also Steward and ibrarian up to the time of his death . From the year 1 868 his lectures were deliver ed by his K 1 46 DOWNING COLLEGE L deputy , Dr . Peter Wallwork atham , some

n time Fellow of Downi g College , and his successor in 1 874 in the Professorial chair. Professor Fisher had poetical gifts ; and was highly esteemed in the University not . only for his medical attainments but also for his conversational powers . His professional work during the troublous

a s u r e o n times in France , after he qualified as g , led to friendship with Auguste Comte , Thiers ,

B . Saint Hilaire , Guizot , Cuvier, Victor

Cousin , and other celebrated men of this L é ’ “ period . In a copy of ittr s Philosophie l L Positive , in the Co lege ibrary , is this note by Professor Fisher , to whom the book “ belonged : Auguste Comte was a personal friend of mine ; I attended to him dur ing a ” fit of illness . This was probably during the time when both were at Montpellier . Pro fe s s or Fisher was consulted by Comte on the unhappy relations , since rendered historical

s by his biographers , which exi ted between

And Mo da m e Comte and himself. the Pro

1 48 DOWNING COLLEGE

i Professorsh p , stated that he obtained the greatest aggregate number of marks reached by any candidate since the institution of the ” Natural Sciences Tripos . He was elected 1 2 Fellow of Downing College in 1 8 60. In 8 6 he was appointed Assist ant Physician to

the Westminster Hospital , a post which he resigned in 1 8 62 on being elected Physi

’ o Add r k e nb o o e s . ian to Hospital , Cambridge He was Councillor of the Royal College 1 8 8 6—87 1 8 87—8 9 of Physicians , ; Censor , ; 1 89 4—9 5 Senior Censor, ; Harveian Orator , 1 8 8 8 . He resigned the Professorship in 1 9 4 8 . The following are some of his pub lica t io ns : On the Early Symptoms of 1 8 64 Phthisis , On Nervous or Sick Head ” 1 8 3 ache, 7 ; On the Formation of Uric ” 1 8 84 Acid in Animals , ; On Some Points t h e in Pathology of Rheumatism , Gout and ” “ Diabetes (Cr o o nia n Lectures) 1 8 8 6 ; The Harveian Oration 1 8 8 8 ; On Blood

’ Changes in Disease articles in Qu a in s ” Dictionary of Medicine . PROFESSORS 1 49

kl M . D . John Buc ey Bradbury , Camb

L n ond . , was elected Downi g Pro fe ss or o f 8 1 8 94 Medicine on March , ; he ’ L was educated at King s College , ondon , and

Caius and Downing Colleges , Cambridge, and was a Foundation Scholar o f Downing . He took a First Class in the Natural Sciences 1 864 Tripos , and has been Physician to k 1 9 Adde nbr o o e s Hospital since 8 6 . He was formerly Medical Lecturer at Caius and C L L Downing olleges , and inacre ecturer in

’ Physic at St . John s Bradshaw Lecturer at L the Royal College of Physicians , ondon ,

1 9 5 r ni 8 . He has been appointed C o o a n Lecturer at the Royal College of Physicians fo r 1 89 9 , and Examiner in Materia Medica in the University of Oxford . He has twice

fo r examined the Natural Sciences Tripos ,

al and on several occasions for medic degrees , and been Assessor to the Regius Professor o f

Physic . His publications are On Vertigo

Its Causes , Importance as a Symptom , and ” 1 8 70 “ L Treatment , ; Inaugural ecture on

P 1 89 4 &c . harmacology , , C H A P T E R V I

FE W T U R A ND E C U RE R LLO S, TO S L T S

CHARLES SK INNE R MATTHEWS , one of our earliest Fellows , was the third son of John

. e Matthews , Esq , of B lmont , Herefordshire , of which county his father was Member 1 8 00 1 06 of Parliament from to 8 . Young Matthews appears to have been one of t hose rare individuals who , while they command deference , can at the same time win regard ;

n and who , as it were , relieve the i tense feeling of admiration which they excite by blending it with love . Byron writes of him in a note to Childe Harold ” “ I should have ventured a verse to the memory of the late Charles Skinner w Mat thews , Fellow of Downing College, ere

1 52 DOWNING COLLEGE

undergraduates of his day , as a leader of social life and of speculative thought , similar to that left by Charles Austin on those of a later generation . Byron writes of Matthews in 1 820

He was a very extraordinary man , and

0 would have been a great one . N one ever succeeded in a more surpassing degree than he did as far as he went . He was indolent too ; but whenever he stripped he overthrew all antagonists . His conquests will be found registered at Cambridge ; particularly his

Downing one , which was hotly and highly contested and yet easily won . I myself recollect more of his Oddities than of his aca de m ical u a lit l e s q , for we lived most together at a very idle period of my life .

n L Matthews and I, meeti g in ondon and 1 8 07 elsewhere , became great cronies ( — — He was not good - tempered nor am I but

with a little tact his temper was manageable , and I thought him so superior a man that I was willing to s acrifice something to his R D 1 5 3 FELLOWS, TUTO S AN LECTURERS

O m humours , which were ften at the ti e amusing and provoking . Matthews had occupied during my year’ s absence from Cambridge my rooms in

Trinity with the furniture ; and Jones , the

Odd h a d tutor, in his way , said , in putting him in , Mr . Matthews , I recommend to your attention not to damage any of the movables ,

L t u m u l for ord Byron , sir , is a young man of

’ t u ou s p a ss i ons . Matthews was delighted with this , and whenever anybody came to visit him , begged them to handle the very

’ o ne s s door with caution , and used to repeat J admonition in his tone and manner . There was a large mirror in the room . At first he remarked that he thought his friends were l uncommon y often coming to see him , but he soon discovered that they only came

’ s e e t he m se lve s o ne s s t u m u l to . J phrase of t u ou s a ssi ons p , and the whole scene , had put him into such good hum our that I verily believe that I owed to it a portion of his good graces . DOWNING COLLEGE

e ws t e a d When at N , somebody by acci dent rubbed against one of his white silk

stockings one day before dinner. Of course

’ the gentleman apologised . Sir , answered

‘ Matthews , it may be all very well for you , t who have a grea many silk stockings , to dirty them quickly but to one who has only

this one pair , which I have put on in honour

of the Abbot Byron] here , no apology can compensate for such carelessness besides the expense of washing &’ When the L Newstead party broke up for ondon , H

and Matthews , who were the greatest friends

possible , agreed for a whim to walk together

to town . They quarrelled by the way ; and actually walked the latter half of their journey without speaking , occasionally pass ing and repassing each other When Matthews had got to Highgate he had spent

all his money but threepence halfpenny , and determined to Spend tha t also on a pint of

beer , which I believe he was drinking before a public - house as H passed him [still

1 56 DOIVNING COLLEGE

fin d any one of the servants up . Our average hour of rising was one . I , who generally got ll up between eleven and twelve , was genera y — — e ven when an invalid the first of the

e party , and was est emed a prodigy of early

s i s ri ng . It was frequently pa t two before

a the bre kfas t party broke up . Then for the amus e ments of the morni ng ; there was

n S - S - readi g , fencing , ingle stick or huttle cock

a s o in the gre t room, practi ing with pist ls in

the hall ; walking, riding , cricket , sailing on

a e s the lake , pl ying with the b ar or tea ing the

lf e d wo Betwe n seven and eight we dine , and our evening las ted from that time till

two or three in the morni ng. I mus t not omit the cus tom of handing

u ft d ro nd a er inner , on the removal of the

S l n cloth , a human ku l filled with burgu dy Since then this odd drink ing ve ssel has

u bee n b ried . There is a marble tablet above the South

’ r h Nave Arch in St . Benet s Chu c , Cambridge , l t o the memory of Matthews . The Col ege does not Show that this was ca rried out .

L o John ens was b rn in Norwich , where his

‘ father was an eminent land steward . He ’ t entered at John s , and was Four h Wrangler

1 9 - in 77 , when he was twenty three ; the

e i f Third Wrangler b ng Christian , a terwards

La w L s Downing Professo r of . en was the senior of the thr ee Fellows appo inted in the

w a Chart er . He s for many years leader of the Western Cir cui t he was also Cou nsel to

. 1 79 9 ft e the University In , a r he had been

e eighteen years at the Bar , he receiv d the digni ty of the coif ; and in 1 806 was made

’ King s Serjeant . He defended Lord Rivers 1 1 6 in the Cranborne Chase case in 8 . Ser

e a nt s c j Be t , for the numerous o cupiers inter e s t e d s in a rea onable enjoyment of the Chase , pleaded that Lord Rivers claim s to feed his h beasts over acres in t ree counties , an exte nt of cou ntry more than one hundred

u miles in circ mference . He insists that in 15 8 DOWNING COLLEGE

that wide range no man Shall plough to the detriment of the deer ; no man Shall raise a fence to the exclusion of the deer the growth of wood Shall be protected only for the benefit of the deer ; no man shall turn his sheep into

— if al im his own woods he do , the keeper sh l

’ pound them ; no man s timber Shall be

allowed to grow, for the deer must browse on it . Lens in reply kept close to the — original point the boundary . At two in the morning the jury gave their verdict for t h e L defendant . In another case ens had thirty witnesses to say a stream was not navigable ; one of the thirty was so strong in his Opinion that he spoke of the water in the ditch as not

’ bu t ch e r s t r a capable of floating a y . On the other side were fifty witnesses who main t a ine d that at spring tides ba r g es commonly

Th e navigated the ditch . verdict was for

’ Lens s client . 1 8 1 3 L In ens , a consistent Constitutional

Whig , refused the appointment of Solicitor ff General , when o ered to him by the Tory

1 60 DOWNING COLLEGE

“ Ta dd : rose to interfere . y No , brother

L . ens , I must protest against any inter “ Le ns Ta dd ference My brother y , my

b t . lord , has een betrayed into some warm h “ Ta dd m : y pulled him back , exclai ing I again protest agains t any interference on my ” P a r ir h . ke L s S a s account My brother en , ,

Ta dd : a right to be heard . y Not on my ” account . The Judge threw himself back — into his chair and said nothing a very u n

com fortable movement for counsel . 1 8 1 7 L i In ens , whilst in full v gour , retired

from circuit , for the sole reason that I

ought to make an opening for younger men . During the last illn ess of Lord Ellenborough he undertook the labours of the Home Circuit for h im ; and Ellenborough strongly r e co m mended the Cabinet to make Lens h is L successor as the ord Chief Justice . i Sir James Mack ntosh , in his Dissertation ” L on Ethical Philosophy , speaks of ens as an inflexible and incorruptible friend of civil and

t o religious liberties , one who knew how D 1 61 FELLOWS, TUTORS AN LECTURERS

reconcile thewarmest z eal for that sacred cause with a charity towards his opponents which partisans more violent than steady treated as H lukewarm . The same writer in his Memoirs bears witness to other traits in his friend’ s

: L character . He writes I found ens one evening seeing Kean in Sir Giles Over

’ reach , and on another occasion , Went L with ord Holland to the Fox Club, where I sat between the Duke [Devonshire] and L 27 L “ ens . ord Campbell sums him up as a

s m an m l mo t honourable , an acco p ished scholar , ” and a very pretty lawyer .

Le nsfie ld R o f The oad , one side which is formed by the grounds of Downing , derives

r its name from Se j eant Lens .

1 8 36 e v R . . In October the F D . Maurice was offered a le ct u r e r sh ip at Downing . In November Maurice resolved to decline this ff o er . In a letter about the offer we read A ne w Master has just been appointed to

Downing [Worsley] , who purposes estab lishin g a new order of things , making 1 62 DOWNING COLLEGE theology and Christian philosophy the centre of all studies , and discouraging the reading t O for honours . Of course , Maurice to ff assist in carrying into e ect such a scheme , so exactly according to what he considers the right principle of University education , must have been very tempting. But, as far as

I can judge , it is much better that he should remain here [at Guy’ s Hospital] for a person of his desponding temperament would , I f think , hardly be equal to the di ficulties of reforming a college and establishing a new order of things and there would be circum

o f f S stances peculiar di ficulty , ince the appointment of the Master himself is ques t io n e d and likely to be brought into a Court ” of Chancery . The le ct u r e r s h ip was accepted by Harold — Browne o f Emmanuel afterwards Bishop of

Ely and, later, of Winchester . Browne took

Holy Orders , and became lecturer and chaplain

- when he was twenty four . He found those h is to whom he lectured his seniors . But

164 DOWNING COLLEGE

1 84 Mathematical Tripos was abolished . In 6

he was appointed Warden of Sackville College ,

be East Grinstead , a position which could

held by a layman . The remuneration was £20 per annum . The inmates of the hospital

were thirty poor and aged householders . This was the only appointment approaching

preferment ever held by him . Neale possessed an iron inflexibility alli ed to a

most gentle manner . For sixteen years he

had a battle with the Bishop , who would not

license him . When his work was recognised , he said I have neither withdrawn a single word nor altered a single practice except in

a few instances , by going farther . He was the translator and compiler of many of the most favourite hymns in Hymns Ancient and ” ” Modern , such as , Art thou weary , Brief ” i l fe is here our portion , Jerusalem the ” “ ” “ golden , O happy band of pilgrims , The ” day is past and over .

Neale, in days when Bishops were attended within the Holy Communion rails at a Con AND 1 65 FELLOWS, TUTORS LECTURERS

fir m a t io n by two liveried and powdered foot men— when the Northern Archbishop always drove from his palace at Bish opst h or pe to t h e f Minster in a coach and six , while his wi e travelled separately in a carriage and pair was a pioneer of a type of worship which shrank back instinctively from such pomp and

1 8 5 4 o f ceremony . He was the founder in

’ the St . Margaret s Sisterhood at East Grin stead, an Order of women ministering to the souls of the destitute poor in a manner till then untried in the English Church . This has developed into twenty - eight branches ;

1 8 98 . the last , in , being at Johannesburg Sir Alfred Power ' was born at Market 1 8 05 Bosworth in , being the youngest son of Dr . John Power , by Mary , daughter of

. Na ils t one Mr John Knowles , of , in the same county . He was educated at Repton 1 8 26 and at Clare , taking his degree in as

Second Classic and a Junior Optime . He was elected in the same year to a Fellowship at Downing . He held his Fellowship till his 1 66 DOWNING COLLEGE

1 8 46 L marriage in with ucy Anne , daughter

. . . C. of T Starkie , Esq , Q He was made an 1 Honorary Fellow in 8 8 5 . He was called to 2 the Bar from the Middle Temple in 1 8 9 . For nearly fifty years he was in the Public 1 8 33 Service a Factory Commissioner in , an

La w 1 834 Assistant Poor Commissioner in , Chief Commissioner of the Irish Poor La w ”

1 849 . in Earl Russell , in his Recollections , “ . 1 4 8 : La w p , says In Ireland the Poor is more carefully framed and better a dm inis

e r e d t h e La w t than in England . If Poor of n E gland were assimilated to that of Ireland , w and a man of equal aptitude to Mr . Po er were placed at the head of it , we might see

- a solution of that problem . As Vice Presi dent of the Local Government Board for — Ireland ( 1 8 72 7 he was made a K . C. B. in 1 8 73 7 1 8 8 8 , and died on June , , at his residence , Raglan Road , Dublin . Holding “ L strongly the view that ife is a holy thing , he did his best to popularise the golden views of sanitary science . To this end he

1 68 DOWNING COLLEGE

. D. D The Rev Richard Dawes , . , born in 1 79 3 , was the son of James Dawes of Hawes

in the North Riding Of Yorkshire . He received his early education along with

Whewell , who became Master of Trinity , at

’ Mr . Gough s School near Kendal . He entered Trinity in 1 8 1 3 and read mathematics with Old l his schoo fellow Whewell , he being one

n year his junior . He was Fourth Wra gler 1 8 1 7 l in , and was made Fe low and Bursar of

D n 1 8 1 8 1 22 owni g in and Tutor in 8 . In Dawes’ time the Downing Combination Room acquired a social and convivial cele br it y second to that of no other college in

the University. Here it was the delight of

c such men as Whewell , Romilly , Pea ock; and Sedgwick (the admirable r a con t e u r and l the man of marve lous memory) , to gather round the hospit able board of their old

Trinity associate . We get a sidelight on the character of this set from the fact that

Peacock , Herschel and Babbage used to

u a breakfast together on S nd y mornings , and U D 1 69 FELLOWS, T TORS AN LECTURERS

in 1 8 1 2 they agreed to found an An a lyt ica .

SO Society , as to leave the world better than

they found it . To such men, and to men

of less note , though not less welcome guests

at Downing , such as Evans and Cape of L Clare , Ramsey of Jesus , Power (late ibrarian

of the University) , it was a high pleasure to share the genial humour and exuberant spirits of Dawes in his own Combination

Room . Dawes was imbued with the enlighten

fo r ment of a later generation , he voted with Sedgwick and He nslo w for the admission of

o nconfor m i s s N t to the University . This cost him the Ma stership fo r the office fell vacant whilst party feelings still ran high on this

— o f question , and it was then in the gift not — the College itself, which idolised Dawes but of a small external body of high -placed ecclesiastics . The bitter feeling with which the College viewed the appointment of Dr .

Worsley as Master led , as we have seen , to an attempt to displace him by a lawsuit ; and 1 70 DOWNING COLLEGE impeded his usefulness for many years w after ards . Dawes married and took the College living of Tadlow with East Hatley in 1 8 36 . He had previ ously prevailed on the College to build

V V a icarage , the old icarage (still in existence)

- being a four roomed thatched cottage . In 1 8 37 Sir John Mill , his old pupil at Down

’ ing , gave him the valuable rectory of King s

Somborne , Hants . Here Dawes , in the midst of a purely agricultural population , where the labourers’ wages varied from six shillings to nine shillings a week , began his great

work in the education of the poor. The mission of his life was to extend and improve the education of the humbler classes . Thring ,

Head Master of Uppingham , in his work on “ : Teaching , says Dean Dawes , of Here

ford , drew attention to the value of calling out observation Of common things in an

original and striking way . Unhappily the clue he gave towards education in the National Schools has not been followed u p

1 72 DOWNING COLLEGE

’ where he was Master of St . Katharine s 1 5 6 Hospital . In 8 the Queen wished to

have Dawes made Bishop of Carlisle . The following incident shows the fearless

character of Dean Dawes . He was seated

- o f as Vice President the British Association ,

at one of its great evening meetings , on the

stage of Bath Theatre , when Bishop Colenso (who had just then thrilled the theological world by his attack upon the Pentateuch)

entered , and was received with hisses by

some . Dawes instantly rose from his chair ,

’ S crossed the stage , and hook the Bishop s

hand warmly . A thunder of applause greeted

the chivalrous act . George Eliot had a great respect for 1 8 5 3 Dawes , for in she wrote thus about him Last night I saw the first true speci men Of a man in the shape of a clergyman — that I ever met with Dawes, Dean of Here ford . He has been making the experiment of mingling the middle a nd lower classes in schools . He has a face so intelligent and D 173 FELLOWS, TUTORS AN LECTURERS benignant that ch ildren might grow good by ” looking at it .

f . . The Rev . God rey Milnes Sykes , M A , one of the tutors, was a Trinity man ; he gradu

- in ated twenty sixth Wrangler, and fifth the

o 1 8 37 Second Class f the Classical Tripos of .

n Dr. Worsley , the Master, bore evide ce of his energy before the University Commission , so we are not surprised that during his twenty four years incumbency of the parishes , which make up the greatest part o f the College

- Estate , his liberality and self devotion worked great improvements . The college , which was to be a centre of light and leading in Cam bridge , seems in the early days of its history to have thought exceedingly little about the Spiritual and material welfare of t h e labourers without whose monotonous lives of badly paid labour there could have been no cor

r . po a t e income When Mr . Sykes came to Tadlow but three or four of the men could read . The cottages of one storey had walls of daub placed between roughly shaped branches 1 74 DOWNING COLLEGE

of trees . For the most part these had been built by squatters on the waste ; during the long years of the litigation to secure the l estate for the co lege . As a rule sheets and

blankets were unknown . The two churches

were very dilapidated , one hopelessly so , and

- there were no schools . To day the schools

- and school houses , the resident teachers , the

continuation schools , the free libraries , the

u ill beautif lly restored v age churches , testify

’ t o Mr . Sykes s unselfish solicitude for those

entrusted to his spiritual oversight .

. l The Rev Wi liam Bennett Pike , M . A

who succeeded Mr . Sykes , was also a Trinity n m a . He was a Wrangler and in the Second

l 1 8 5 3 . Class of the Classica Tripos , He was 1 8 5 3 Fellow Tutor and Chaplain in . While Fellow he was the youngest member of the “ club called the Family . The following have been Tutors of Down

: 1 820 1 8 22 . . ing , Cornwallis Hewett ; , F C 1 8 2 4 . Willa t s and Rev . R . Dawes ; , Rev. R 1 . 83 . Rev . 7 . Dawes and T Worsley ; , Rev T

176 DOWNING COLLEGE by his trade . In a moment of poverty this ancestor emptied all his feather beds of their feathers and filled them upwith the h ops which he could not sell . In a fe w years afterwards a blight destroyed the harvest of hops , which thus became enormously dear . Then the beds were ripped up again , and the hoarded treasure sold for a round sum And thus ,

m h o e d the Doctor used to say , our fa ily p p from Obscurity .

He bequeathed his body to be dissected , as he had reason to believe from the nature of his infir m it ie s s ome important tru t hs would be illustrated by it .

He was the elder of their two sons , and received his second Christian name in memory of this ancestor . The Rev . Robert Rolfe , f rector of Hillborough , and grand ather of

’ L m Downing s ord Chancellor , by his arriage with the Nelson family became connected

l m al fir wit h the gal ant ad ir , who was st cousin

’ L Cr a nwo r t h s of the Rev . Edmund Rolfe , ord

r father . He was educated at Bu y and Win A ND 1 77 FELLOWS , TUTORS LECTURERS

chester Schools and then at Trinity College ,

n Cambridge , graduati g as Seventeenth

1 1 2 S Wrangler in 8 . He howed his classical

’ attainments by Obtaining the Members 1 4 Prize as Senior Bachelor in 8 1 . He was 1 elected Fellow of Downing in 8 1 5 . His Fellowship Offered him a provision while

studying for one of the learned professions , and it had the additional advantage—much — rarer in those days than now o f being tenable without the necessity of taking Holy L Orders . ike most successful lawyers he had fi great con dence in his own powers . Jus t as his legal reputation was beginning to con

‘ solidate itself b e had the s a t is fa ct io n o f being

appointed to the Recordership of Bury St . ’ Edm u nds a , town of which he more than once contested the representation in the Liberal interest against the strong and all - prevailing

interest of the Marquis of Bristol .

1 8 32 t S In he ook ilk , when he became

Member for Penryn . This was just after the f o Mr . passing the Reform Bill , and a Tory, M 178 DOWNING COLLEGE

. . r e shfie ld J W F , was ejected . When he had L been Member barely two years , ord Mel

- - bourne, on the look out for a Solicitor General , L b wished for a sound and safe man , a i eral but not a Radical , and above all things a man of high personal character and standing both with the profession and the public . These

conditions , it was felt , were amply united in

Mr . Ro lfe ; who therefore was knighted and

- was made Solicitor General in 1 8 34 .

c In some unpublished reminiscen es , written

’ by the late eminent Queen s Counsel , Mr . R .

D . Craig, which we have been permitted to

: r e colle c peruse , he says One of my earliest tions of Rolfe is seeing him in the Lord

’ Wor s Chancellor s Court , appearing for Dr .

ley , on the argument of the question as to the validity of his election to the Mastership

1 8 36. of Downing College , in the year The Lord Chancellor called in the Master of the Ro lls (Lord Langdale) and the Vice -Chan ll ce llo r (Sir Lancelot Shadwe ) to sit with him

to hear the case . They did so and I think

1 80 DOWNING COLLEGE L Sir ancelot Shadwell , on whose death , a few

weeks afterwards , he was nominated one of

- the Vice Chancellors of the kingdom, being the first instance of a Vice-Chancellor being

made a Peer . At the same time he was

sworn a member of the Privy Council .

’ : Mr . Craig s manuscript states We who practised before him found that he did not always do himself justice . For he was apt to decide hastily, and on the first impression and he had forgotten some parts of his Chan

O cery law . T this same aptness for hasty

r action on fi st impressions, may be attributed his eventful advice that a life peerage might be creat ed which would carry the same right to sit and vote in the House of Lords as is

a d possessed by hereditary peerages . The vice was acted o n by the Crown in the case

’ Cr a nw o r t h s L of a great friend of , ord Wen

L a w L s le yda le . But the ords came to the

v con iction that , although the Crown could

i - well grant peerages for l fe , yet a life peer ought not to sit in Parliament under such a D 1 8 1 FELLOWS, TUTORS AN LECTURERS grant . The real author of the opposition to life peerages was understood at the time to be L o f ord Derby . And the real reason his objection was taken to be a fear that the Prince Consort had a design o f bringing s a va nt s into the House of Lords as life peers . Hence Lord Cranworth was much vilipended

La w L at the time, both by the ords and by the Tory peers . But modern legislation has

’ t f L r a nwor t h s f gone far to jus i y ord C oresight . In 1 8 5 1 Cranworth wa s made one of the

o f A Lords Justices ppeal in Chancery . He held the Great Seal as Lord Chancellor for f 1 8 52 five years rom . Again he accepted 1 the Seal in 8 65 for two years . He has left his mark on the Statute Book , as a statute to simplify t h e practice of conveyancers bears 1 8 60 his name , and the Endowed Schools Act was introduced by him in the Lords and

u carried witho t a division in either House . It was also through Lord Cranworth that the sittings o f the Equity Courts were trans L ’ ferred from Westminster to incoln s Inn , 1 82 DOWNING COLLEGE where they remained until the erection o f P the great alace of Justice at Temple Bar. The following diverging Opinions on Lord

Cranworth are interesting . A Judge asked L a cynical brother Judge , Why is ord Chan ce llo r Cranworth so fond of calling in the Lords Justices to sit with him & ” The “ wa s : explanation given The fact is , the poor little boy does not like being in the L dark by himself. But ord Selborne (Roun dell Palmer) writes ° Take him for all in

all , he was one of the best Chancellors I have

known . Others had more splendid gifts but

in him there was nothing erratic , nothing

’

a . unequ l In steady good sense , judicial

patience , impartiality , and freedom from ”

u . prej dice , he was surpassed by none L ord Chancellor Campbell , a shrewd and L stern observer of men , says of ord Cran worth “ He turned out to be a very good

Judge , and he is respected by the public as much as he is beloved by his friends in private

life . There never lived a better man than he .

184 DOWNING COLLEGE

his junior . In her early days , he had pro posed marriage to her , and had been refused .

Then , for many years , he became the merest old bachelor possible . However, when he (now become Baron Rolfe) was in h is fift y fift h year , and she in her fortieth , his great L friend , ord Monteagle , whom he had first known when an undergraduate as Mr . Spring

Rice , and who was in the Ministry when

t - Rolfe was made the Solici or General , hap a pened to st y in the same house with her . The result was that he wrote to the Judge Laura Carr 1s just as charming as ever ; in music and appearance and everything else . I ventured to have a little talk with her a bou t you ; and I really think that if yo u ff were to repeat your o er of former days , it would not be refused again . The offer w a s NO repeated and was not refused . lady ever adorned the high station to which Lady

Rolfe eventually attained more than she . If we may trust another tradition which has n Off come down to us orally , the seco d er was AND 18 5 FELLOWS, TUTORS LECTURERS made to Miss Carr whilst she was a guest of the High Sheriff of Cumberland at a time when Baron Rolfe was Judge o f Assize on the

Northern Circuit , and by a happy , and perhaps not accidental , coincidence he came to the

’ Sheriff s country house to pass the Sunday . Both are buried in the churchyard near his seat of Holmwood, near Bromley . The following are the Fellows who help to constitute the present society

The Senior Fellow is John Perkins , M .A . , 1 L D. 3 L . 8 7 , who was born in at Sawston ,

Cambridgeshire , his father being a clergy man . He began his education a t a school at ff . a nd a o Clare in Su olk Its master , safe i n curate his scholarship , was very thorough

’ in all his work . Fuller s boys are well

’ grounded ; you can t catch them out in ” syntax or grammar , was the constant testi mony of many a public schoolmaster when

- placing a new comer from this school . From

Clare Dr . Perkins was sent to Bury St . 186 DOWNING COLLEGE

Edmunds Grammar School , under the famous

scholar Dr . Donaldson , the . author of the “ Theatre of the Greeks and the “ New ” Cr a t lu s y . He left school with an e xhibi

’ tion to e nter at Christ s College in 1 8 5 5 at the same time as Sir Walter Besant and

Professor Hales . Calverley , Seeley , and Wolstenholme were also his contemporaries and friends in college . He took his degree 1 8 5 9 in , being Eighth Junior Optime , and Eighth Classic ; and he wa s also in the Second Class of the Theological Examination o f Middle Bachelors in 1 8 60. A short time

Master at Bury and Uppingham , he returned to Cambridge and became Classical Lecturer ’ 1 8 61 at St . Catharine s College in ; and in 1 8 63 lectured on Classics for Corpus Christi

College . He was elected Fellow of Downing

1 1 . in November 8 6 . Here Dr Perkins filled

- the office of Tutor for twenty six years . He

a also served as Steward , Dean , Pr elector , and

Librarian . He still holds the Bursarship , as he has now done for the last twenty - six

1 88 DOWNING COLLEGE deuces . These books have done much to help many a backward student over the paths and perils of a Poll course ; but still more was done by that graphic colloquial lecturing , the uncompromising directness of which is still gratefully remembered by many (academical)

’

. P r kin generations of Dr e s s pupils .

D. LL . Courtney Stanhope Kenny , , was born in 1 8 47 at Halifax in Yorkshire ; and was educated at Heath Grammar School , and afterwards at Hipperholme Grammar School ,

. 1 8 62 in the same county In , he was placed fift h in the first class in the Oxford Local

m r o fe s Exa ination . He entered the legal p 1 8 69 sion and on admission as a solicitor, in ,

’ won Br o de r i ff the p gold medal , the Cli ord s

i Inn prize , and a special pr ze from the Incor por a t e d La w Society as a mark of peculiar distinction ” in consequence of his having attained the highest t otal of marks that had ever been given at any examination held by the Society . After practising for some time as fourth partner in a conveyancing firm in U AND 1 8 9 FELLOWS , T TORS LECTURERS

Yorkshire , he joined Downing College in 1 871 O fo r , btaining an Entrance Scholarship Modern Languages and La w and in the same year was a p r oxi m e a cce s s i t for the Whewell L Scholarship in International a w . He after

’ wards won t h e University s Winchester 1 4 Reading Prize . In 8 7 he was Senior in the

La w and History Tripos , and in the follow

’ ing year Obtaine d the Chancellor s Legal — . O 1 8 77 1 8 78 Medal On three ccasions , , — 1 8 79 h e received the Yorke Prize for Legal

Essays . Downing College appointed him in 1 875 to a Lectureship on La w and Moral S 1 8 2 . 8 cience , which he still holds In he was appointed as the La w Lecturer at Trinity ll ffi Co ege , and retained this o ce until he entered Parliament . In 1 8 8 5 he wa s elected as MP . for the Barnsley Division of York shire by the substantial majority of 398 3 ; and on the dissolution of Parliament in the following year was again returned by the same constituency . He introduced , on more than one occasion , Bills for the reform of the 190 DOWNING COLLEGE law of Primogeniture and for the repeal of the laws restricting the expression of reli gions opinion . He resigned his seat in 1 8 8 9 ; in consequence of having been a p pointed by the University to t h e Reader f o La w f. ship English , in succession to Pro

Maitland . He has published works on “ La w Primogeniture , on the of Married

’ ” E u Women s Property , and on Charitable

- dowments . Of the last named of these we have Spoken above (p . It led to his being placed on the Parliamentary Committee which sat in 1 8 8 6 and 1 8 87 to inquire into the operation of the Endowed Schools Acts . L ’ Dr . Kenny is a barrister of incoln s Inn , and a member of the South - Eastern Circuit Al and the Surrey Sessions . He is an derman of the Cambridge Town Council , having sat there as one of the representatives of the University from the time of their first admis sion to the Council of the borough . A M . . The Rev . John Charles Saunders , , A 1 2 B . 8 graduated in 7 as a Junior Optime,

1 92 DOWNING COLLEGE

elected Fellow, was born at Berry Pomeroy , 1 O 1 8 7 . Devonshire , in He btained a Minor 1 8 8 8 Scholarship in , and took a First Class

I. 1 8 9 1 in the Natural Sciences Tripos , Part , ,

- t . 1 8 92 . 1 8 9 3 9 7 and in Par II , From he was Science Master at the Perse School , and President of the University Natural Sciences

Club in 1 8 9 4 . He was elected in 1 8 9 6 to a his Fellowship , and at present he is Assist nt L Demonstrator in Physiology , and ecturer on the same subject under the scheme for the

Agricultural Diploma . The following are late Fellows

Thomas William Danby , M . A . , was born L 1 840 in ondon , being the only son of

Thomas Danby , Esq . , and Elizabeth Stephen son ; h e married the only daughter of ’

. P . &c W . Tyler Smith , M D . , J . , . , of Upper W Grosvenor Street , . , and Blatchington

Court , Seaford . He was educated at the

Royal School of Mines , where he gained the 1 8 5 8 ’ Government Prize , Duke of Cornwall s 1 85 8 9 Scholarship , the Edward Forbes and D 1 93 FELLOWS, TUTORS AN LECTURERS the de la Beche Medal and Prize of Books 1 8 60 A l l , becoming ssociate of the Roya Schoo 1 of Mines 8 60 . After being at Caius and

’ o f Queen s , he became a Scholar Downing in

n 1 8 63 . He was placed amo g the Senior

o u Optimes, and Seni r in the Nat ral Sciences 1 8 64 ll Tripos of , and was made a Fe ow in 1 8 67. He was Lecturer in Natural Sciences l f 1 6 —69 at Trinity Co lege rom 8 7 . For some

time Mr. Danby was Demonstrator in Che L mistry in the University aboratory . He has ”

f r M. B o . been an examiner the Special , the ,

and the Natural Sciences Tripos . He is an

’

F. . f o M . f G . S . and H s Chie Inspector Schools

E s o f E . for the S . Divi ion ngland He is a

o n member f the Savile and Athe aeum . He has

’ published an English edition of Dr . Fuchs s ” o f Determination Minerals by the Blowpipe . The Right Honourable Sir Richard Henn

Collins was born in 1 8 42 . He is the son o f

. . C. Mr Stephen Collins, Q , of Dublin , who acquired a large reputation in Ireland as a n

wh o l advocate , and wou d probably have 1 94 DOWNING COLLEGE obtained a still higher professional eminence had he not died at the early age of forty , shortly after the death of his dearly loved L wife , who had died in giving birth to ord

Justice Collins . She was a daughter of

Master Henn , and her brother was Jonathan ’ l . C. OCo nn e l Henn , Q , who defended in the State trials and her mother was the sister L L . s of Sir Jonathan ovett, Bart , of i combe ,

Bucks . In the reign of Charles II . a Henry L Henn was ord Chief Baron , and another of Lord Justice Henn Collins’ s ancestors was created a Judge of the Irish Court of King’ s 1 L Bench in 760 . ord Justice Collins began

his education at the Royal School , Dun

n gannon , from whe ce he proceeded to Trinity

College , Dublin , where he was distinguished

111 Classics and Moral Science ; afterwards he

h e entered Downing College , where he soon

came a Foundation Scholar . In 1 8 65 he was

r bracketed Fourth Classic . Three yea s later

A . M. he became Fellow and took his . degree About the same time he marri ed a daughter

196 DOWNING COLLEGE

Unit-cd States for the decision of the Vene

z u l e a Boundary Question . 1 4 . . 8 3 Norman Maccoll , M A , was born in . He was made a Scholar of Downing College 1 64 in 8 . He was placed Fifth in the Second 1 8 66 Class of the Classical Tripos of , and 1 1 won the Hare Prize in 868 . In 8 70 he was elected as a Fellow of Downing . He was called to the Bar by Lincoln’ s Inn in 1 8 5 7 . He has for nearly thirty years been prominent in literary life as the editor of the A t h e nce u m ; and he has published The

Greek Skeptics from Pyrrho to Sextus , and also an edition of the principal plays of

Calderon . ll Wi iam Arthur Brailey , M . D . , entered the 1 4 College as a Minor Scholar in October 8 6 .

He was elected Scholar in the following year, and obtained a First Clas s in the Natural 1 8 67 Science Tripos in December , after which he became a well-k nown Natural Science 1 69 L 8 . coach . In he became College ecturer 1 871 In , on being appointed the first House U D 197 FELLOWS , T TORS AN LECTURERS

’ Adde nbr o ok e s Physician to Hospital, he

1 8 2 . gave up science teaching . In 7 Dr

Brailey was elected Fellow , and held his

1 8 74 . fellowship for the full term . In Dr

l t o Mo or fie lds Brai ey was Curator Hospital ,

’ e in 1 8 76 Lecturer in Zoology at St . G eorg s 1 8 79 ’ Hospital , and in at Guy s Hospital 1 0 (where he had been a student) . Since 8 8

’ f o f he has been on the sta f Guy s Hospital ,

where he is still Ophthalmic Surgeon .

L . . Re v . The Thomas Joseph awrence , M A , L D L . . , who was Tutor , Chaplain, and Dean

1 876- 77 in , is the only man in the history of the University who has been Senior in two ’ He Triposes . was Senior in the Moral

1 8 71 La w Sciences Tripos , , and in the and

1 872 . History Tripos , As the Triposes become more specialised this feat will become more

r e arduous , hence it probably will never be

a L e . p t e d Dr . awrence was educated at t h e

Perse School , Cambridge , under Mr . Heppen

. 1 8 68 stal He became Whewell Scholar in ,

o f 1 8 69 Scholar Downing in , and proceeded 1 98 DOWNING COLLEGE

. A . 1 8 5 1 D 1 M LL . M . LL 92 . 8 6 . 8 7 7 . , , and He was Fellow of Downing from 1 873 to 1 8 76 and in 1 873 was appointed to a Le o t u r e shi La w p on and History there , which he still holds He was “ordained by the Bishop 1 4 of Ely in 87 . Immediately after Obtaining his Fellowship he took an active part in promoting the then nascent University

Extension Movement , and has ever since been one of its most earnest and active supporters . He beca me Warden of Caven

- dish College in 1 8 76 77 ; . then Vicar of

Of 1 877- 8 8 Tadlow and Rector East Hatley , and Deputy Professor of International La w

1 - 1 2 at Cambridge 8 8 3 8 5 . In 8 9 he visited

America , where he held for a time the impor tant office of Professor of History and Inter

La w national in the University of Chicago , and rendered great services in the establish ment of the American movement for Univer

1 n s it y Ext e nS o . He has published Essays on Some Disputed Questions m Modern ” La w International , in one of which he

200 DOWNING COLLEGE

- L trude, daughter of Major General Sir . Jones

Ma d n . Parry , of y , Carnarvonshire He was 1 8 5 1 8 66 at Marlborough College from 7 to , when he became a Minor Scholar of Trinity . 1 8 68 He migrated to Downing in October , 1 9 and was elected to a Scholarship in 8 6 . 1 8 0 He was Tenth Classic in 7 , and was n 1 8 74 elected Fellow of Dow ing College in , and retained his Fellowship till 1 8 8 6 . He L ’ 1 8 70 entered incoln s Inn in , and was called to the Bar m 1 8 74 . He was Examiner fo r

La w 1 92 1 4 the Tripos from 8 to 8 9 . He was a member of the Oxford Circuit, and also used to attend Sessions , but has now for many years past devoted himself to Equity L practice in ondon . He has written well ” L s known books on the law of ife In urance, ” and also on that of Husband and Wife . ll The Honourable Wi iam Philip Schreiner,

LL . M . . C. M . A . , , Q , the present [December 1 8 9 8] Prime Minister of the

Cape , came to Downing with a great reputa tion already won at the South African AND 201 FELLOWS , TUTORS LECTURERS

Exh ibi College o f Capetown . As its Senior t io ne r he brought to England an allowance of two hundred pounds a year . He obtained a Minor Scholarship at Downing, and then a Foundation Scholarship for La w . As an undergraduate he kept his terms at the l Midd e Temple , where he won the Two

Hundred Guinea Studentship . He rowed s even in the College boat ; whose upward career on the river in his days is still proudly remembered in the College , and the oar with which he rowed now occupies a prominent place in his study at the Cape . He was

La w 1 8 8 1 Senior in the Tripos in , won the ’ L Chancellor s Medal for egal Studies, and was

t ll o f soon elec ed Fe ow the College . We have mentioned in another part Of this work the

Downing men who , like him , have been Senior Ju r is t s and we may here add that in 1 8 8 5 a

Downing man , who was a brother Afrikander

’ o f . . Mr Schreiner s , Mr Wessels , came next t o the two men who were bracketed as Senior i u r s t s . J , and has since then played , like Mr 202 DOWNING COLLEGE

Schreiner, a prominent part in South African politics . He is resident in the Transvaal , and he defended the Reform prisoners at

Pretoria .

Mr. Schreiner , on leaving the University , studied la w in the Temple in the chambers of the once famous special pleader , Mr .

n Frederick K ight . On his return to Cape town he began to practise as a barrister . He had not t o pass through the ordinary delays and trials of the Bar , but obtained at once a high place and an assured income . Hence when in course of time he became

’ - Rh o de s s Adm inis Attorney General in Mr . t r a t io n , he incurred a considerable financial loss by having to surrender his practice at the Bar for a salary of £ 1 5 00 a year. He was on terms of intimate friendship with

Mr . Rhodes . They lived next door to one another , and the boundary fence was cut down so that they might the more easily

’ visit each other s houses . In fact , Mr .

Rhodes and Mr . Schreiner formed an inner

204 DOWNING COLLEGE to ruffle the characteristic calmness and

c ourtesy of the witness . Mr . Schreiner maintained throughout the need of cordial fellowship and hearty co -operation between the British and the Dutch in South Africa .

That was then , as it is now, the cardinal point of his policy , and he has begun his term o f power by a denunciation of Mr .

’ Rh ode s s electoral appeals to race hatred a denunciation which , however , moved Mr . Rhodes only to the point of a few e ncou r a g ” G O l ing exclamations of on, go on

Mr. Schreiner is , except in complexion , very much like his sister , Olive Schreiner , the writer of “ Peter Halkett ” and other

’ works . Mr . Schreiner s father was a German missionary , who laboured at a remote station far up the country ; and his mother an

English lady of the name of Tindell . She has since become a Roman Catholic , and now lives in a convent at Grahamstown .

Mr . Schreiner has a great hold on the sympathy and affection of the Dutch D 205 FELLOWS, TUTORS AN LECTURERS

Afrikanders from the fact that Mrs .

fo r Schreiner is a daughter of Mr . Retz , many years President o f the Orange Free

o f State . Another cause his wide popularity and social influence is the fact that Sweet

” ’ Repose , Mr . Schreiner s home near Capetown, is well known as a rendez vous for the Af cultured intellects of South rica . Mr . Schreiner combines in his temperament all that is most sturdy and resolute in the

Dutch and English national characters . M A Sydney John Hickson , . . Cambridge ,

D c L A S . . M o f ondon , and Honorary . .

w as 1 8 5 9 Oxford , born in . He entered L 1 876. University College , ondon , in In the following year he gained the Gold Medal

o f for Zoology , and in the summer the same

B. year he passed the First Sc . and Prelimin ary Scientific Examination o f the University

L of of ondon , gaining also its Exhibition

40 for £ for two years Zoology. In the h autumn o f that year e entered St . Bar

’ t h olom e w s l i l s Hospita as a med ca tudent, 206 DOWNING COLLEGE and during the session of 1 8 77-78 he acted as Demonstrator of Zoology at University College under Professor Ray Lankester (an

. 1 8 9 old Downing man) In 7 Dr . Hickson was elected to an open Foundation Scholarship at Downing, and in the autumn of the same

. o year he passed the Second B S . Examination of the Uni versity of London with Honours in 1 1 A. Zoology . In 8 8 he took his B degree on his First Class in the Natural Sciences

Tripos . In this year also he acted for a few months as Assistant Demonstrator of M orphology under Professor Balfour . In the following year Professor Moseley, of Oxford , appointed him as his Demonstrat or o f

Zoology and Comparative Anatomy . He

D. took the degree of Sc . of the University of London in 1 8 84 and in the following year he A left England for the Malay rchipelago, and took up his quarters on the Coast of North Celebes fo r the purpose of investigating the 1 8 fauna of coral reefs . In 8 7 his old

t h e College elected him a Fellow , and in

208 DOWNING COLLEGE

Ne de r la nd A a r dr i ksku ndi G e noo ts ch a y g p . He is an Honorary Foreign Member of the Ko ninklijk Ins t it u u t voor de Ta a lla nd en V olk e nk u nde Van Ne de r la ndsh -Indie of the “ Hague . He has also written A Naturalist ” in North Celebes (Murray , The Fauna of the Deep Sea ” (Modern Science

1 894 o f Series , Kegan Paul , ) and The Story L ” ife in the Seas (Newnes,

f . o . f Ellis Jones Gri fith , M A , is the son f T . M . Gri fith , of Anglesey , and was born in 1 8 60. He was educated at the University

r College of Wales at Abe ys t wit h . From i there he proceeded to Down ng, where he

a w was elected a L Scholar . He was Senior

La w 1 al in the Tripos of 8 8 3. He was c led 1 8 8 7 to the Bar in , and became a Fellow 1 b of Downing in 8 8 8. He has been Mem er of Parliament for Anglesey as a Gladstonian

Libe ral since 1 8 9 5 . C H A P T E R V I I

FE LLO W C O M M O N E RS

THE Fellow Commoner is an almost forgotten 1 1 1 type of undergraduate . Yet in 8 the Calendar gives the names of forty Fellow

Commoners at Trinity College . The follow ing table of fines in 1 798 throws some light on this class of man

A Fe llow Co m m one r pays e a ch t im e fo r ne gle ct i ng Ma t ins a nd V e s pe r s for co m ing i n a ft e r ga t e s a r e clos e d m i ss ing a lec t u r e a m e al i n Ha ll ’

St . Ma r s o n Su n a i y d y, f de t e ct e d

They sat at the high table , wearing gowns hl i ric y tr mmed with gold or silver lace . Their 210 DOWNING COLLEGE

caps were covered with velvet , and had tassels of gold or silver . The feeling which led to their improvement and extinction made itself felt even at this time in caustic comments such as t hese “ The example of these silken votaries of plea sure spreads a contagion through the whole atmosphere . The future deputy of clerical indolence gazes with envy at luxuries which are strangers to his garret , and sighs at the malice of the Fates which have doomed him to a curacy and £20 a year and “ A Fellow Commoner is Of no use to any one but the

- - Bed maker , Tutor , and Shoe black . The expenses of the men are Fees , Fines , and ” Filchings . Fellow Commoners were the majority of the members of the College i n s t a t u p up i lla m

1 2 1 Of for some years from May 8 . Several these earliest members of the College had been at Eton under Dr. Keate . Some of them may have been participators in the following escapade , an event which s hows

212 DOWNING COLLEGE l matriculated , divided among ten col eges ,

Magdalen having the largest entry , four and

Downing two .

Dr . Worsley aimed at sociability without luxury among the Fellow Commoners of w Do ning . He felt that , from a national

t h e point of view, College had a mission in

’ educating as Fellow Com m o ne r s yo u ng men who from their station in society com bine d with their fair abilities constituted an

im portant class in the community . He thought that Downing College was a place where they might have their powers e xe r cise d , that it might be a home for those who , while desiring to pass through the University , neither covet a European reputation for scholarship , nor are anxious to develop an

extraordinary capacity for hard study , but are content with trying to be English gentle men in touch with most of the contemporary

intellectual movements . Some Downing Fellow Commoners have

been men of mark . FELLOW COMMONE RS 213

1 822—3 A Fellow Commoner in , whose life was stranger than a romance , was Baron 1 8 20 Charles Philip de Thierry . In he met , at Cambridge , the great Maori chief Hongi , who was helping Professor Le e in his Maori

Grammar . From Hongi, de Thierry heard l much of the attractiveness of New Zea and . From this he conceived the idea of setting up a kingdom of his own and of becoming 1 8 38 L King of New Zealand . In anglois , a captain of a French trading vessel , bought four hundred acres of land from the natives at Akaroa . Then he sold his claim in France

- — t o the Nanto Bordelaise Company a com pany whose shareholders had the design of

o f acquiring the whole New Zealand . At the instigation of de Thierry , then living at Hokianga and calling himself “ King of New ” Zealand , the French Government made terms with this company , which later became La Co m pa gm e Fr a nga is e de la Nouvelle

Zéla nde Au be o f . Then the , a French vessel L war (Captain avaud) , was despatched to 214 DOWNING COLLEGE

s the Bay of Islands , with order to take pos f session of the North Island, and a terwards to make for Akaroa to take possession of the

South Island . The English were in posses

sion under treaty rights , and , on the strength

’ of Cook s discovery , laid claim to the South

Au be 1 840 Island . When the , in July ,

reached the Bay of Islands , Hobson , the

n s Gover or, surmising the object of the vi it

off Br i t om a r t of the French , sent ,

u nder Stanley, brother of the Dean of West

u 1 0 minster . He got to Akaroa on Aug st . On the next da y the British flag was hoisted and a Court of Petty Sessions established . The A u be only arrived on the 1 5th and the

om t e de P a r i s l h C on the 6t . The Baron never succeeded in obtaining recognition of his regal throne , from which he stepped down into private life . He died 1 8 61 peaceably in Auckland in . Another Fellow Commoner of quite a dif fe r e nt character was Sir Harry Verney . He wa s born in December 1 801 ; and die d in

216 DOWNING COLLEGE Sir Harry ’ s day there was seldom wanting a representative of the name for the county of

Bucks or for one of its five boroughs . So when in 1 8 82 Va ni t y Fa i r published a car f toon of Sir Harry , the title su ficient to “ ” describe it was Bucks , at the same time the reader was told that although the subject of the cartoon was a landed proprietor with an income of over a year , still he was a Liberal . Sir Harry carried on the parlia mentary tradition of his family and took his seat in the legislative chamber, in which a predecessor , Sir Ralph , had scribbled notes , which are still preserved at Claydon , of the

e proceedings when Charles I. attempt d to

arrest the Five Members . With a few 1 8 MP . 8 5 breaks he was an till , when he was made a Privy Councillor on his retire

ment . Among his first acts in Parliament was to give a cordial support to the move

ment for the abolition of slavery . He sup ported measures for the improvement of the

La w Poor system , the introduction of the FELLOW COMMONERS 217

Penny Post , the commutation of tithe , the

f i i re orm of the Civil Service , of mun c palities , and of the Criminal La w . For some years he was Father of the House of Commons . His first recorded speech supported a petition for the Better Observance of the

Sabbath . It is grounded on principles which — he kept before him all through his life a strong sense of the need of a national con science and a deep sympathy with those who work hard for daily bread . He lived to see

o f the realisation of some his desires , such as the abolition of flogging in the army , the repeal o f the Corn Laws (in his neighbour hood , he told the House , the current poor

1 3 h e rate was 5 . in t the extension o f railways (which he wa s assured were only a Of branch the Birmingham Political Union) , “ ” the separate cell sys tem in prisons , the

o f Committee Council on Education . The ll influence of Dawes , his Co ege Tutor , came in when he told the House that the best form of national security rested on a better 218 DOWNING COLLEGE

and higher state of national education . This

produced a retort from Hume , the great

democratic leader, that what the people

demanded was not more education , but more

democratic legislation . We now have the

County Councils , which were practically pro 1 8 3 posed by Hume in 7. His second wife was a sister of the cele

br a t e d Miss Florence Nightingale . At each of his two weddings use was made of the

family ring , an ordinary wedding ring being t f substituted af er the ceremony . The ollowing is the reason for this curious custom : After

the battle of Edgehill , a Verney , an ancestor

of the present family , was missing , but one trace of him was found— his gloved hand still clutching the Royal Standard , with the wedding ring which he always wore e n circling his finger ; this ring is always used by his descendants when they take the most serious step of their lives . The Verneys’ home at Claydon was entirely

G . rebuilt in the reign of eorge II , with the

220 DOWNING COLLEGE The following lines were written for him on his twenty-second birthday

’ T e r e i s a c oc t o e a c e s e r o wo u n h l k h lif p i d d ,

W o se s t e a a n s w t s e nt r o r e ss e e h dy h d , i h il p g , k p ’ Oe r o u r s a nd a s an d we e s t e r ce as e e ss s we e h d y k h i l p , Too o ft u nm a r ke d ; b u t whe n a ye a r co m e s r o u nd That clock i s hea r d t o s t r ike wit h s ole m n so u nd ; ’ A nd t s wo r s va n e a s u r e s do no t s t e e , if hi ld i pl p ’ Th e he a r t s be s t fe e lings i n oblivio u s s le e p

A s a s e o f m a c t or or o u n by p ll gi p b d , HES r o u s e d by t ha t im pr essive s ou nd t o ask “ Wha t pa r t i s done o f m y a llo t t e d t as k & Wha t h as t his ye a r pr od u ce d o f who le so m e fr u it & Wha t no xiou s pla nt e xt r act e d by t h e r oo t &

W a t r e cor do m ou r s a s s w t t e fl h d y h , if h y y, ” Bear t o t h e vo lu m e s of e t e r nit y & They exercised a great influence on his cha

r a ct e r . With respect to these lines he wrote, in old age , to Dr . Stubbs , Dean of Ely , saying he could not answer these questions with satisfaction to himself : Life prolonged to old age is a great responsibility , but when old age is blessed with comparative good ” health it is indeed a greater responsibility . L Frederick yndon Attwood , for some time FELLOW COMMONERS 221

o f Fellow Commoner Downing , who died in 1 8 9 l April 7 , was a modest and chiva rous spirit whose life was devoted to the good o f ll t 1 876 his fe ow beings . A Belgrade in he wa s one o f the gallant little band of young English surgeons sent out by the National Aid Society to assist the sick and wou nded

- n in the Servo Turkish War . In compa y with his comrades Attwood went to the front , and did noble service on the battlefields of

Ale xina t z l and Deligrad , unti they were recalled to Belgrade to take charge of the 1 English hospital there . On December the National Aid Societ y decided to close its hospital . There were then about seventy patients under the charge of Attwood and his two assistants , Doctors Hume and Battie . Attwood declared it was cruel to turn these poor fellows over to the crude care of the native surgeons , and notified the Servian Go vernment and the National Aid Society that he would individually assume the burden of carrying on the hospital until the patients 222 DOWNING COLLEGE could be discharged . The brave hearted young fellow procured native nurses , and fed them , together with his assistants , at his own table he drew on his own bankers for the funds to keep up the hospital , and it was maintained 1 until about April , when the patients were all cured or convalescent . Some subscriptions were received from various sources towards the hospital expenses , but there was a heavy balance met by his private purse .

Dr . Attwood was of very delicate physique ,

- yet when the Russo Turkish War broke out , he was one of the first to leave for Constanti no le p . He knew that the Russian ambulance was very rich in supplies and h ad a numerous

f . sta f of surgeons , while the Turks had nothing His place was always on the side of the u n fortunate , and therefore he accompanied the

Moslem hosts in the campaign . He was at m 1 877 Shipka in the su mer of , and when Gourko swarmed over the Balkans and poured his gallant Guardsmen down the valley towards Adrianople, Attwood was in the

224 DOWNING COLLEGE

Al xin z Servian army at e a t . The Russian general told Attwood that he was free to go where he pleased , but at the same time said there were one hundred and twenty Turkish wounded lying at Pa ng u r ish t e with out medical attendance , and that the Russian troops had scarcely any stores with them on account of their rapid march and the difficulty of getting supplies over the Balkans in the dead of winter . So that , under the circumstances , they could do nothing for these poor suffering

Turks . A letter was written by Attwood to this general , saying that he would stay at P a ng u r is ht e and do all he could for the wounded men . In this letter he made a request for medical stores . Dr . Hume went up to Tatar Ba z a r djik with the necessary supplies . He found Attwood insensible from fever and scarcely breathing . Hume attended ’ him like a brother, and after some weeks l delay he was able to bring him to Pera , stil “ so low that he was generally unconscious . I know of many noble deeds of charity per FELLOW COMMONERS 225 formed by the man whose useful career has now untimely ended , but I knew of them

’ (wrote his friend the Ti m es Correspondent at Bucharest) only because I was the means of conveying his gifts to their recipients , so that they should never know who their benefactor l was . What he did through others , I can on y imagine , as he never spoke of those things to any one . Attwood was a great student , and Of had a deep knowledge his profession , which he exercised chiefly to relieve the sufferings o f those who could not afford to pay for l regular medica attendance . After his return from the Turkish Ambulance Service he was a constant sufferer from the sad effects o f the campaign . He will be mourned sincerely by all who knew and understood him ; but the greater part of those who would grieve over his early death belong to the humblest

o f classes , who are beyond the reach the

Press , and who will never know that their ” be nefactor is no more . Downing ’ s most noted Fellow Commoner 226 DOWNING COLLEGE

was described by the Ti m e s as a man whose exertions entitle him to be regarded as one of the greatest benefactors of the University

’ in modern times . This was Sir George

Murray Humphry, Professor of Surgery .

- Sir George , who died in his seventy sixth ‘ F R . S . 1 8 9 6 . year in , was an an a

Professorial Fellow of King s , and an hon orary Fellow of Downing . His father , who

- a t - was a barrister law , lived at Sudbury . After spending some time in the Grammar Schools of Sudbury and Dedham— for in days of difficult communication local grammar schools gave a sound classical education to the sons of the gentry- h e began his medical career , when sixteen , with J . G . Crosse , the

- well known Norwich surgeon . Next door to his surgery Crosse had fitted up a large room

as a library and museum . In this room the young Humphry acquired a love of human

anatomy which never left him . When nine

’

. teen, he came up to St Bartholomew s ,

W O11 1 840 L and , in , the ondon University

228 DOWNING COLLEGE

. ca n better men Verily , you make dry bones live It is only when we see you sink back in your carriage that we realise how much of your very self you have sacrificed

to us . Humphry did great work as an examiner for the Natural Sciences Tripos ; and intro du ce d examiners who were unconnected with

the University . He was a Fellow and a

e L Memb r of the Council , a ecturer and

Examiner, at the College of Surgeons, an Examiner for the College of Physicians and

the University o f Oxford . It was said that no man was ever rejected by him who would

not admit that the rejection was deserved . Humphry became a Fellow Commoner of 1 8 47 Downing in , being , we fancy , a unique case of a fully qualified medical man so

entering the University . He proceeded 1 8 5 2 Bachelor of Medicine in and M . D . in

1 8 5 9 . During this period the greater part

’ of the work w a s done on Humphry s great work on the Human Skeleton . A large FELLOW COMMONERS 229

part o f its merit is due to the illustrations .

These were drawn from the specimens , by

La dy Humphry . He published also other

books on Human and Comparative Anatomy . In the midst o f this work h e was in 1 8 5 9

elected a Fellow of the Royal Society . In

1 8 60 o f , in order to help medical students small means to come to the University as his

’ pupils , he established Dr . Humphry s Hostel .

1 8 66 Of n . In , on the resig ation Dr Clark , a new Professorship of Human Anatomy was founded to which Humphry was elected . At first the emoluments of the new chair 1 8 8 3 were inconsiderable . When in they a had re ched a substantial sum , Humphry voluntarily made way fo r a successor who could devote all his time and energies to the

Professorship of Anatomy , whilst he himself undertook without remuneration the work of the newly founded Professorship of Surgery .

’ u ns e lfish Thus , step by step , by Humphry s ness , skill , and tact , was the Cambridge

l nl o f Medical Schoo e arged . The character 230 DOWNING COLLEGE

’ Professor Humphry s work is Shown by the Offices he held and by the honours

accorded to him . He was President of the

Cambridge Medical Society , President of the

’ Cambridge Graduates Club , President of the L Pathological Society of ondon , first President of the Anatomical Society of Great Britain L 1 8 8 0 and Ireland ; Rede ecturer, Cambridge , , “ s the subject being Man , pa t, present , and future Honorary Fellow of Downing

’ College , Professorial Fellow of King s College , LL D E . . of the University of dinburgh Honorary Doctor of Science of the University 1 9 1 1 9 of Dublin ; knighted in 8 . In 8 3 he received the honorary freedom of the borough “ of Sudbury , where he was born ; as a recognition by his fellow townsmen of his

n distinguished career , and le gthened and

e minent public services in t h e great pro

n fe s s io to which he belongs , and also of his k indly interest in all matters affecting the ” town of his birth . His bust by Willes was presented to

C H A P T E R V I I I

M I S C E LLA N E O U S

LIBR A RY .

HA D the College been founded earlier than it was , the collection of books belonging to Anthony Morris Storer the Admirable Crichton of the eighteenth century —who 1 79 9 died in , would have come to it instead of to Eton College . This library was rich

Ca xt o ns . in old bindings , old plays , and 1 8 49 In , the College began to lay the L foundation of its stock of books for a ibrary . In that year it assigned for their purchase a fund of about £ 1 00 per annum derived from fees paid by its members . Before this a

£5 0 . bequest of from Dr Peacock , Dean of

Ely , and books from William Gurdon , formed the working Library . 233 The most interesting part of the College

Library is the Bowtell Collection . John 1 8 1 3 Bowtell, who died in , left his antiquarian books to the College .

Ca m br i d e Chr oni cle 24 The g of December , 1 1 8 3 . , states The lateMr Bowtell bequeathed to Downing College all his books and a mahogany bookcase containing several manu l scripts and curiosities , chiefly fossi s and

n antiquarian remai s . Among the manu scripts is a topographical history of the town

cons 1de r a ble of extent , compiled by the testator with a view to publication and ready

r . fo the press Mr . Bowtell expressed in his will a desire that his donation should be L deposited in the College ibrary . In the meantime , until this building is erected , it will be deposited in one of the new - built ” apartments .

One of the Bowtell MSS . is an elaborate

- n h u s i treatise on bell ringing . He was an e t “ a s t i c L ringer, being a member of the ondon ” i College Youths . It is recorded of h m that 234 DOWNING COLLEGE 1 78 8 ’ in , at Great St . Mary s , he rang on the thirty hundredweight tenor bell 6609 changes “ Bob m a xim u s l in the method of , genera ly

’ termed twelve in . The most valuable part of the bequest consists of ten volumes of accounts of the 1 0—1 borough of Cambridge from 1 5 78 7. The testator tells us : Hearing that a parcel of loose writings were offered for to be sold to a shopkeeper as waste paper , and presuming from the station of their late possessor that some of them might be worth preserving , I stepped forward and superseded a sale , which no doubt would h ave consigned them ” to oblivion . Much of the characteristic town life from the sixteenth century onwards is shown

- by the entries in these account books . In V III the second year of Henry . rents were

— a paid in money , wheat , or meslin mixture of different kinds of grain ; a Dawber a plasterer) was paid fourpence a day . There

S was much purious coin in circulation , as we

236 DOWNING COLLEGE

fiv e man and beast was shillings and a penny . When they got to town they put up at the

Green Dragon , Bishopsgate , and had ale in

their chambres and sowse , a kind of brawn ,

for breakfast . Then there are payments for

one of the company in the Fleet .

o f El The father of Thirlby , Bishop y is sent in 1 5 22 on horseback t o Windsor to “ get release ” of some of the twenty archers

whom Henry VIII . wished to obtain from “ the town , to use in his service beyond the

see . The accounts for the sixteenth century show us how some of the corporation income ” cam e from the rents of saffron grounds . The entries give abundant evidence of the 1 5 1 insanitary condition of the town . In 3 five shillings is paid to a yeoman of the King’ s guard who had been sent to the town to inquire whether the plage is r e yning e or ” n no , a eedful precaution , for ten years before , At the assize kept at the castle of Cambridge

L a l in ent, the Justices , and the gentlemen ,

Ba iliffe s and other, resorting thether, toke MISCELLANEOUS 237

infe cio n such an , whether it were of the

o f filt h e o f savor the prisoners , or of the the house , that manye gentlemen , as Sir Jhon

Alin t on k ni h t e s n Cut , Sir Giles g , g , and ma y

o m e n f l other honest y thereo dyed , and al most all which e were there present were sore ” S icke and narrowly escaped with their lives .

S The Bowtell MSS . how us that in the six t e e nt h century those who died of the plague were buried on Midsummer Green and Cold “ ” ham Green ; on the latter a pest house ” for was built the visited persons . In 1 666 the fe w who remained in the town l kept charcoal , pitch and brimstone constant y burning in their several colleges . The acme of this loathsome distemper was in the

s l mid t of summer , during which time a disma kind of procession was daily made through all

i n the streets by two or three carts , sable attire many of the dead were imme dia t e ly conveyed to a field called Coldh a m s and there promiscuously interred These are somewhat gruesome antecedents for t h e 238 DOWNING COLLEGE L University Golf inks . The entries are of 1 2 manifold variety and interest : In 5 35 0d .

’ is paid to the king s bla kk e garde (kitchen f 6 d ’ 3 . 8 . II V I s . sta f) , is paid to Henry . juggler In 1 5 37 there was an ins urrection ; certain “ b 1 646 arnys had to be repaired . In , d £5 8s . 8 . are received as fine and fees for the freedom of the bo rough from Sir John

Cotton . He , it would seem , married an aunt

of the Founder , and thus may have been an indirect cause of Sir George Downing taking

an interest in the University . This collection has preserved many names of booths and streets in Stourbridge Fair

the originals of the several rows and streets ,

under their proper names , where such and ” such wares are vended , which Bunyan places

in Vanity Fair . That writer himself may have listened to the open- air services which these accounts show were held twice on Sun day in the centre of the Duddery .

There is a folio volume of leases , some being on parchment , others on paper . Inside

240 DOWNING COLLEGE

forced nearer to shore and defeated . This wa s Off the great sea fight , the Essex coast , between Monk and De Ruyter . There is a manuscript copy of a letter 1 8 1 736 dated May , , written by Thomas

P u r n e . s , Fellow, to Dr Bentley , Ma ter of “ r Trinity . P u ne writes : Whilst you securely sultan it in the Lodge with none but ” mutes and slaves about you , pleading for “ S a friend he goes on , hould you and I and the major part of the electors who have rose from such beginnings ourselves , think of giving a general excl u sion to the Sizars

Another MS . bearing on the town is

’ Alderman Newton s Diary . This has been published by the Cambridge Antiquarian

Society . In it there are entries of all kinds ; for example , there is an account of a prisoner being pressed to death , of Charles II . receiving a presentof one hundredtwenty -shilling pieces of broad gold on his visit to Cambridge , of a sturgeon being caught near Queens’ cc near MISCELLANEOUS 241

two yards long , measured by my Japan cane . In the Library is a microscope presented in

l B. A . 1 8 8 8 in memory of Arthur Noel Gamb e , , by his father .

BOAT CLU B.

The Downing boathouse , which is in great part due to the unselfish patriotism of the

Rev . J . C . Saunders , tutor of Downing and

u . president of the cl b , was opened by Mrs

Hill in 1 8 9 5 . It is a neat and attractive building , standing between the river and the

f n boathouse and shed , ormerly belongi g to

Mr . Waites , a boatbuilder well known to generations of Downing men . The cost of £65 0 the new boathouse was . On the

- ground floor is a bath room , and upstairs is a

- large and airy dressing room . This room l ooks out on to a balcony , and has a door O pening into the clubroom, a room with panelled walls and an oriel bay window

o n w l oki g do n the river , and also with French

Q, 242 DOWNING COLLEGE windows Opening on to a wide covered

a b lcony . The principal approach to the club room is by an outside staircase leading to this balcony, and the whole building has been given a very pretty facing of red brick , vertical tiling , and plaster rough cast sur

mounted by the College arms . A considerable number Of undergraduates and their friends were present at the Opening 1 89 5 ceremony in the May Term , , when the

Rev . J . C . Saunders made a suitable speech

from the balcony . After this he presented

O n Mrs . Hill with a key , with which she pe ed

the door of the clubroom . Afterwards , in

the large room , Mrs . Hill moved a vote of

thanks to Mr . Saunders and the architect . The architect of the boathouse is a brother

of Dr . N . Capper Hardcastle who died from the results of a horse accident ; and in whose memory there is in the Combination Room a clock striking the quarters on four s weet

toned bells . There is also a clock in the men’ s Reading

MISCELLANEOUS 243

’ R Da vid J e nkins oom in memory of , Scholar ,

27 1 8 8 8 . who died September , The original colours of the boating club were violet with black Maltese crosses ; the l present co ours , black and magenta , were adopted in 1 8 66. They were due to the persuasive eloquence of Mr . Edwin Ray

L o f . ankester , then a scholar the College

Mr . Lankester left us for Oxford to become ll Fe ow of Merton , honorary Fellow of Exeter, and also Linacre Professor of Comparative

A . natomy He is also an F . R. S . In May 1 8 82 the boat reached her highest place on the river, when she rose from f fi teenth to tenth in the first division . Then bumps were made over the following boats : I 2 . 3 L Emmanuel , ; Trinity , ; ady Mar 2 1 r 2 . garet , Cla e , and Caius , The Br ickwo od Sculls were founded in 1 864 Mn , the winner in that year being , L now ord Justice , Henn Collins . No account o f the Downing Boat Club would be complete without mention of Mac 244 DOWNING COLLEGE

. i h l . Ma cM c a . . e Michael The Rev W F ,

. . Le e M A , Vicar of , Ilfracombe , was Secretary

of the Cambridge University Boat Club ,

i President of the Union , and Capta n of

the Cambridge University Volunteers . He

6 1 1 2 l lbs 4 1 9 rowed in 8 68 ( s t . é ) and in 86 1 2 ( s t . In the latter year it was thought advisable to keep guard over the

co ns e boats the night previous to the race , quently three policemen kept watch over both the Oxford and Cambridge boathouses

throughout the night . Ma cMich a e l has written a book on the Oxford and Cambridge boat races from 1 829 1 8 69 to (Deighton and Bell , Some man h as made this comment at the begin ning of the Union copy Of this work : A very clever and interesting book ” The medical definitions in this work are by

- W . A . Brailey , now a well known oculist .

’ The most interesting parts of Ma cMi ch a e l s

- book to non rowing , and perhaps as well to r n owi g men , are the biographical notices of

246 DOWNING COLLEGE

master and Attwood . To the right of this is

a boat club cup , presented by E . B . Barnard

t h e in 1 8 79 . To right of t his is a cup pre

sented in memory of the Rev . W. B . Pike , 1 8 5 5— 3 7 . Fellow and Tutor , by his widow In front of this i s a rose - water dish and ewer

presented by J . Blyth , B . T . Featherston ,

. . . h l . Cu t e l G . O . Wray , A E Jacobson , C E ,

H . E . Chapman , C . F . Faber , G . H . Gibb, ‘ k Cr e e . W . P . Pearce , R . y , R Gardner ,

C . Tooth , W . Y . Foot , A . Salwey , J . B .

L . . . . . Bradbury , S Winslow, R B Miers , J A .

Fawns , J . W . C . Warren , C . H . Miers . To the right of this is a bread basket presented

by P . St . John, G . Acklam , E . Kater, J .

Parker. The cup behind the bread basket has no date and no names . The waiter was presented by S . Bruce and H . White . To the right of the waiter is the Brogden cup , l for co xsw a inle s s fours . Brogden was a Fe low

Commoner . Then comes a wine cooler pre sented by T . A . Barker , C . Humfrey , J . O .

L . Deakin , St . John W. ucas , W W . Fisher ,

248 DOWNING COLLEGE

gratu lated the Society upon its preservation from a measure so detrimental to it s morals ” and constitution . In the evening there was a dinner in

. . f the Debating Room , Mr Ellis J Gri fith ,

. e President , in the chair In his sp ech he mentioned how from 1 8 1 7—2 1 all debates had been prohibited by the Uni versity

authorities , but now no high University

fla u nt in functionary, g and fluttering the white bands of his stern authority , may cross the threshold he also touched on the other University clubs known as the “ Magpie and ” Stump , Bubble and Squeak , Grave ” “ “ diggers, Footlights , and Owls . Pro fe s s or Humphry proposed the toast of the

. t Houses of Parliament, to which Mr Cour ney

MP . d . Kenny , for Barnsley , responde About the sixties some of the Previous Examination work was undertaken by dons of Do wning . Sir George Otto Trevelyan has a reference to it in the following lines from his Horace at the University of Athens MISCELLANEOUS 249

M se ns e s w t a st r an e e m ot o n s w m y i h g i i ,

r u e r l m A nd a cold sh u dde r r u ns t h o gh e v y i b .

M e e s a r e a z z e a nd m ea t u r e s ow y y d l d , y f gl , A S whe n a s t u de nt i n t h e L it t le G o

Dr a ws r o m h i s r e ast a s u r r e t it ou s a e f b p i P l y,

No t e s t h e cont e nt s a nd floo r s t h e a e r a p p g ily , The n se e s wit h hor r o r i n t h e ga lle r y fr o wn ing

Som e r a m r m Ca s or D wn n d e d e xa ine fr o t o i g .

In America , the Massachusetts Historical Society have published the armorial seals

: of Sir George Downing . These are Barry ff of ten argent and vert , over all a gri on segreant volant or . The arms of the fir st Sir George Downing over the south Of door East Hatley Church , with the date

1 673 : o f , are Barry eight argent and vert , over all a gryphon rampant or . These are the ar ms granted to the College by the

College of Arms . The Downing arms can be seen elsewhere

1 o f ( ) In the church Whitchurch , near

Tavistock , Devonshire , there is a monument to Ann , fifth daughter of the first Sir George

of Downing East Hatley , Cambridgeshire . 250 DOWNING COLLEGE

2 3 1 702 . She died November , Her husband

P e n ll was Francis g e e y . The arm s of Pen

e lle g y impale those of Downing . 2 ( ) In Whaddon Church , Cambridgeshire ,

on a tombstone , the Pickering arms impale l the Downing arms . Phi adelphia , second

daughter of the above Sir George Downing ,

married Sir Henry Pickering , Bart . , of

. 8 1 676. Whaddon She died March ,

Frances , the eldest daughter , married Sir

John Cotton , Bart . , of Stratton Park , Bed 1 1 . fo r ds h ir e . 68 She died , leaving issue

Some tablet m a y exist in her memory . 1 3 . . James Muskett , Esq . , in part , vol of his very accurate and elaborate “ Suffolk 9 . 9 Manorial Families (privately printed) , p , has traced the pedigree of our Founder from

’ L e probate and parish records, Neve s Down

ing pedigree in the College of Arms, and

very numerous Downing letters . The portraits of the Founder and Lady Downing in the Hall were purchased by the 1 College in 8 8 5 . They had belonged to the

252 DOWNING COLLEGE D D. Humphry ; and Thomas Worsley , . , by

Richmond . In the Combination Room are the portraits

Re v — . . 1 842 5 4 of Godfrey M Sykes , tutor ,

. . L . W W Fisher ; W. Birkbeck , by Miss

Bo nd .

’ Sir George Downing s Diary . Part of w ’ 1 65 8 Sir George Do ning s Diary , that for , Philli ’ was in Sir T . ps s collection at Chel

tenham . — Downi ng Street The share of the first Sir George in building up England ’ s maritime greatness by inspiring the Navigation Act

may be forgotten , but the historic street named after him keeps his name constantly

w n a live . The follo i g extract from the will of G Sir eorge Downing of East Hatley, county

o f u t Cambridge , Knight and Baronet , Aug s

2 4 1 68 3 . , , has reference to this street After stating that his body was to be buried in the

chancel of Croydon Church , Cambridgeshire ,

by the side of his wife Frances Downing, he leaves to his sons , George Downing , Esq . , MISCELLANEOUS 25 3

m and Willia Downing, a house in or near

King Street in the city of Westminster , w lately called Hampden House , hich I hold

by lease from the Crown , and Peacock Court which I hold of the collegiate Church of

St . Peter , Westminster ; all which are now

n demolished and rebuilt or rebuildi g , and called Downing Street, to Edward Viscount

Morpeth and Sir Henry Pickering , Baronet ,

-in - e my son law , in trust as also my hous s in

’ St . James s Park . The illustration of the great iron gates and

’ t h e t h e end of avenue has a pathetic interest , as ’ it is a bit of Cambridge which has been lost through agricultural depression , this part of the grounds having been sold to the

University by the College . The view from

Downing Place , near the Presbyterian Church w across Downing meado , with its charming glimpses of the sunlight breaking through the trees down on the fresh green beneath , a perfect Cambridge picture in the May time , is to become a memory . The scene has 254 DOWNING COLLEGE

witnessed changes , for in the seventeenth it was at one time the Campus Ma r t ins of the scholars , who sometimes exercised themselves too violently ; then it went out of fashion either be cause the undergraduates had less l valour or more civility . In the fol owing century sportsmen found it to be a favourite haunt for snipe . A new cricket and football ground h as

’ been laid out in the Master s paddock ; the College authorities decided to sacrifice some trees and level the field adjoining the court fi l towards Le ns e d Road . As the work has been carried out this year a t the College

expense , the men ought to be grateful at having football and cricket within a few feet

of their rooms . 1 1 1 8 97 On November , , the day on which honorary degrees were conferred on the L Primate and the ord Chief Justice, there

was a notable dinner in the Hall , which was

quite full . Fourteen Judges had accepted

the invitation of the Master , Dr . Hill , who

MISCELLANEOUS 255

- was Vice Chancellor that year . When the Vice- Chancellor was conferring the degree L on the ord Chief Justice , there came the

fr query om the gallery , Have you ever been before a beak before & ” Aft er the dinner the speaking was what one would have expected on such an occasion . The Vice

o f Chancellor , in proposing the health the L ord Chief Justice , drew a picture of the great powers of work of the guest of the evening ; he drew a delightful inference from the fact that m any o f the Judges present had been distinguished on the river ; that , b e s 1de s l being a Senior Wrang er , a con s cie nt io u s use of a slider was needed and very happily quoted in English from the Wasps ”

’ ’ Twa s not t e n o u r m a n oo s t es t h h d , Wh o ca n m ake a fin e o r a t ion & Wh o i s shr e wd i n lit igat ion &

It was Wh o ca n r ow t h e es t & , b

Lo rd Justice Henn Collins told with feeling o f the friendship from of Old between 256 DOWNING COLLEGE

L r f o d Russell and himsel , of his kindness to him when as yet he had his way to

’ - make , and proposed the Vice Chancellor s

health . At Som erset House is a Oopy of the will

by which the College was founded . We give a copy of this ; from this it will be seen that the Founder intended the college to be ” named Downings Colledge .

Thi s i s t h e las t Will a nd Te s t am e nt of m e Sir Ge o r ge Downing o f Ga m lingay Pa r k in t h e pa r ish o f Ga m linga y i n t h e co u nt y of Ca m br idge Ba r one t m a d e t h e t we nt ie t h Day o f De ce m be r i n t h e fo u r t h Ye a r o f t h e R e ign o f o u r So ve r e ign L or d Ge o r ge by t h e Gr ace o f G od o f Gr e a t Br it a in tfr a nce a nd Ir e la nd Kin g

D f h e ffa it h a nd s o r t n u e Du i 1 71 7 e fe nde r o t fo h A no q . In t h e fir s t pla ce I do r e vo ke a nd m ake v o id a ll for m e r Wills a nd Co di cills Of Wills by m e m a de ; a nd I give de vise and dis pos e m y E st a t e La nds Te ne m e nt s a nd H e r e dit a m e nt s a nd Go o ds a nd Cha t t e ls i n m a nne r a nd for m follo wing (t ha t i s t o sa y) : Im pr im is I give a nd d e vise a ll a nd Singu la r m y Ma nn o r s Lan ds Te ne m e nt s a n d He r e dit am e nt s bo t h fr e eh old a nd co pyhold as we ll a s le a se hold for ye ar s s it u a t e lying a nd be ing i n t h e s e ve r a l co u nt ie s o f Ca m br idge Be dfor d a nd Su ffo lk and else whe r e t oge t he r wit h a ll a nd s ingu la r t he ir Right s

258 DOWNING COLLEGE

ffr e e h old t o t h e u s e o f m y Cou z in Jaco b Gar r e t Do wning

S n a n d H r o e i a ppar e nt Of m y U n cle Cha r le s

Do wn n o f t h e ar s o f St A n r e w i g P i h . d Hol h bor n i n t e co u nt y o f Middle s e x E squ ir e

fo r h e t t e r m o f h i s na t u r a l life wit ho u t i npea ch m e nt o f Wa st e a nd I m m e diat e fr o m a nd a ft e r t h e de t e r m ina t io n o f t hat E st at e t o t h e u s e o f t h e sa id Ja m e s E ar l o f Sa lis bu r y Char le s E ar l of Ca r lis le Nicholas Le ch m e r e Jo hn Pe dle y and Ro be r t P u llyn a nd t he ir H e ir s i n Tr u s t t o pr e s e r ve t h e co nt inge nt r e m a inde r s t he r e o f he r e in a ft e r lim i t t e d fr o m be ing ba r r e d de fe a t e d o r de st r oye d a nd for t ha t pu r po s e t o m ake e nt r ie s a nd br ing a ct ions a s t h e ca s e Sha ll r e qu ir e b u t n e ve r t he le ss t o pe r m it t a nd s u ffe r t h e sa id Ja co b Ga r r e t Do wn ing a nd h i s A s s igns t o ha ve r e ce ive a nd t a ke t h e R e nt s Is su e s a n d Pr o fit s t he r e o f t o h is a nd

u r n hi s L A nd m m t he ir o wn u s e d i g ife . i e dia t e ly fr o m a nd a ft e r t h e De a t h o r De ce a s e o f h i m t h e sa id Jaco b Ga r r e t Downing t o t h e u se a nd be hoo f o f t h e fir s t Son o f t h e Bo dy o f t h e sa id Ja co b Ga r r e t Down in g la wfu lly be got t e n an d t o t h e H e ir s Mal e o f t h e Bo dy o f su ch S on la wfully Is su ing an d for de fa u lt o f s u ch Is su e t o t h e u s e a nd be hoo f o f se cond t hir d fo u r t h fift h a n d a ll a nd e ve r y o t he r t h e S on a nd Sons o f t h e Bo dy o f t h e s a id Ja co b Gar r e t Down ing lawfu lly be got t e n s e ve r a lly and s u cce s s ive ly i n r e m a inde r o n e a ft e r a no t he r in or de r a nd cou r se as t he y a nd e ve r y o f t he m s ha ll b e i n pr iori t y o f Bir t h a nd Se nior it y of Age and o f t h e He ir s Mal e o f t h e r e s pe ct ive Body an d Bo dys o f Al l a nd e ve r y su ch Son MISCELLANEOUS 259

a nd Sons a w u ss u n t h e E e r o f s u c S on a nd l f lly I i g, ld h Sons o f t h e He ir s Ma le o f h i s a n d t he ir B o dy a nd

Bodys la wfu lly Is s u ing be ing a lwa ys t o t a ke a nd b e pr e & fe r r e d be fo r e t h e Yo u nge r o f s u ch S o n a nd S o ns a n d t h e He ir s Ma le o f h is a nd t he ir Bo dy a nd Bo dys is s u ing a nd fo r d e fa u lt o f s u ch Is su e t o t h e u se a nd be ho o f o f t h e s e co nd t hir d fo u r t h fift h a nd all a nd e ve r y ot he r Son a n d Sons o f t h e Bo dy o f t h e s a id Cha r le s D o wn ing la wfu lly be go t t e n s e ve r a lly a nd s u cces sive ly i n r e m a inde r o ne a ft e r a no t he r i n o r de r a n d co u r s e a s t he y a nd e ve r y o f t he m s ha ll b e i n pr ior it y o f Birt h a nd Se nior it y o f Age a nd o f t h e He ir s M a le o f t h e R e s pe ct ive B o dy a nd Bo dys o f a ll a nd e ve r y s u c h S o n a nd S o ns la wfu lly iss u ing t h e e lde r o f su ch So n a nd So ns and t h e He ir s Ma le o f hi s a nd t he ir Bo dy a nd B odys la wfu lly Iss u ing be ing always t o t a ke a nd b e pr e fe r r e d be for e t h e yo u nge r o f s u ch Son a n d So ns a nd t h e He ir s Ma le s o f h i s a nd t he ir Bo dy an d B odys I s s u ing a nd fo r d e fa u lt o f s u ch I ss u e t o t h e u s e a n d be h o o f o f Tho m a s R e m a i n d e r Ba r nar dis t o n Son a n d He ir Appar e nt o f m y A u nt Ba r n a r dist on [Wife Of Tho m as

f u r a r nar s t o n o St . E m u n in t h d i s t o n B di B y d d e co u nt y bf S u ffolk E s qu ir e ] du r ing t h e Te r m o f h is n a t u r a l Life wit ho u t im pe achm e nt o f was t e a nd fr o m a nd a ft e r t h e de t e r m ina t io n o f t ha t E st a t e t o t h e u s e a nd be ho o f of t h e sa id Ja m e s E a r l o f Salisbu r y Cha r le s E a r l o f Car lis le Nicho la s L ochm e r e Jo hn Pe dle y a nd Ro be r t P u llyn t h e sa id Tr u st e e s a nd t he ir He ir s i n t r u st t o pr e se r ve t h e Co nt inge nt Re m a inde r s t he r e of fr om be ing 260 DOWNING COLLEGE

ba r r e d de fe a t e d or de st r oye d a nd for t hat pu r pose t o m ake e nt r ies o r br ing A ct io n s a s t h e ca s e s ha ll r e qu ir e b u t ne ve r t he le s s t o pe r m it a n d s u ffe r t h e sa id Thom a s Ba r n ar dis t on a nd hi s A ssigns t o r e ce ive a n d t a ke t h e R e nt s I s su es a nd Pr o fit s t he r e o f t o h i s a nd t he ir o wn u s e du r ing h i s Life a nd im m e dia t e ly fr o m a nd a ft e r t h e de ce as e o f t h e sa id Ba r nar dis t o n t h e S on t o t h e u s e a nd be hoo f o f t h e fir st So n o f t h e Bo dy o f t h e sa id Tho m as Ba r nar dist o n t h e Son la wfu lly be got t e n a nd t o t h e H e ir s Male of s u ch So n la wfu lly iss u ing a nd fo r d e fa u lt o f s u ch I ss u e t o t h e u s e a nd be ho o f o f t h e se c ond t hir d fo u r t h fift h a nd a ll a nd e ve r y o t he r t h e Son a n d Son s o f t h e Body o f t h e sa id Tho m as Ba r nar dist o n t h e Son la w fu lly be go t t e n s e ve r a lly a nd su cce ss ive ly i n r e m a inde r o ne a ft e r a n o t h e r i n o r de r a n d co u r s e a s t he y a n d e ve r y o f t he m sha ll b e i n pr ior it y o f Bir t h a nd Se nior it y o f A g e a n d o f t h e He ir s Ma le o f t h e r e sp e ct ive Bo dy a n d Bo dys a nd a ll a nd e ve r y s u ch S on a nd Sons la wfullyI ss u ing t h e E lde r o f s u ch‘ So n a nd S on s a nd t h e He ir s Ma le o f h is a nd t he ir Bo dy a nd Bo dys la wfu lly I ss u ing be ing a lwa ys t o t a ke a n d be pr e fe r r e d be for e t h e you n ge r o f s u ch So n a nd Sons a nd t h e He ir s Mal e o f h is a nd t he ir Body a n d Bodys iss u ing: A n d fo r De fa u lt o f s u ch is s u e t o t h e u se a n d be hoo f o f t h e s e co n d t hir d fo u r t h fift h an d a ll a nd f e ve r y t h e So n a nd Sons o f t h e Bo dy o m y sa id A u nt Ba r na r dis t on la wfu lly be got t e n s e ve r a lly a nd s u cce s i n sive ly i n r e m a inde r t h e o ne a ft e r a not he r o r de r a nd co u r s e as t he y a nd e ve r y o f t he m s hall b e i n pr ior it y of Bir t h and Se nior it y of Age a nd t h e He ir s Male o f t h e

262 DOWNING COLLEG E r e m a inde r o ne a ft e r a not he r i n or de r a nd co u r se as t he y a nd e ve r y o f t he m s ha ll b e in pr ior it y o f Bir t h a nd S e nior it y o f Age a nd o f t h e H e ir s Male o f t h e r e sp e ct ive Bo dy a nd Bodys o f a ll a nd e ve r y s u ch S o n a nd Sons la wfu lly issu ing t h e E lde r o f s u ch Son a nd Sons a nd t h e He ir s Ma le o f h is a nd t he ir B ody a nd Bodys la wfu lly Iss u ing be ing a lwa ys t o t a ke a nd b e pr e fe r r e d be fo r e t h e Yo u nge r o f s u ch So n a nd So ns a n d t h e He ir s Mal e o f h is a nd t e r o a n d o s s su n A nd fo r e a u t h i B dy B dy I i g . d f l o f s u ch Is su e t o t h e u se a nd be ho o f o f m y R e m a i n d e r Cou z in Jo hn Pe t e r s now or la t e o f t h e sa m e 0 11 Unive r sit y Brot he r o f t h e sa id Cha r les 29 32 Pe t e r s du r ing t h e Te r m o f h is Na t u r a l Life wit ho u t im pe a chm e nt of wa st e a nd im m e dia t e ly fr o m a nd a ft e r t h e D e t e r m ina t io n o f t ha t E st a t e t o t h e u se a nd be ho o f o f t h e sa id Ja m e s E a r l o f Sa lis bu r y Cha r le s E a r l o f Ca r lisle Nicho la s L e ch m e r e Jo hn Pe dle y a nd R obe r t P u llyn a nd t he ir He ir s i n Tr u st t o pr e se r ve t h e con t inge nt r e m a inde r s t he r e o f he r e ina ft e r lim it t e d fr om be ing ba r r e d de fe a t e d o r de s t r oye d a nd for t ha t pu r po se t o m a ke E nt r ie s o r br ing A ct ions as t h e ca se s ha ll r e qu ir e b u t ne ve r t he le ss t o pe r m i t t a nd su ffe r t h e s a id Jo hn Pe t e r s a nd h i s A ssigns t o ha ve r e ce ive a nd t ake t h e R e nt s I ss u e s a nd Pr o fit s t he r e o f t o h i s a nd t he ir o wn U s e du r ing h i s Life A nd im m e dia t e ly fr o m a nd a ft e r h i s de a t h t o t h e u se a nd be hoo f o f t h e fir st Son o f t h e Bo dy o f t h e s a id Jo hn Pe t e r s la wfu lly be got t e n a nd t o t h e H e ir s Male o f t h e Bo dy o f s u ch So n la wfu lly Iss u ing A nd for De fa u lt o f su ch I ss u e t o t h e U s e a nd Be h oo fe MISCELL ANEOUS 263 o f t h e se co n d t hir d fou r t h fift h a nd a ll a nd e ve r y o t he r t h e So n a nd Sons o f t h e Body o f t h e sa id Jo hn Pe t e r s la wfu lly be got t e n s e ve r ally a nd s u cce s sive ly i n r e m a ind e r o ne a ft e r a no t he r i n Or d e r a nd Co u r s e as t he y a n d e ve r y o f t he m sha ll b e i n Pr ior it y o f Bir t h a nd S e nior it y of Age a nd o f t h e H e ir s Ma le o f t h e r e s pe ct ive Bo dy a n d Bo dys o f All a nd e ve r y s u ch S o n a n d Sons la wf u lly I ss u ing t h e E lde r o f su ch Son a n d So ns a nd t h e He ir s Ma le o f h i s a nd t he ir Bo dy a nd Bo dys la wfu lly iss u ing be ing a lwa ys t o t a ke a nd b e pr e fe r r e d be fo r e t h e yo u nge r o f s u ch So n a nd Sons a nd t h e He ir s M a le o f h is a nd t he ir Bo dy a nd Bo dys iss u ing a n d fo r De fa u lt o f s u ch Is s u e t o t h e u se a nd be hoo f o f t h e s aid Ja m e s E a r l o f Sa lisbu r y Cha r le s E a r l of Ca r lis le Nicho la s L e ch m e r e Jo hn Pe dle y a nd R obe r t P u llyn a nd t he ir H e ir s In Tr u st ne ve r t h e le ss that they do and shall so soon as may be by and both a nd out of the Rents Issues and Profits o f the Premisses buy and purchase the Inheritance and fee simple of some piece of ground lying and being within the town

of Cambridge proper , and convenient for the erecting and Building a Colledge and

a nd thereon shall erect build all such Houses , Edifice s and Buildings as shall be fit and r e qu i sit e for that purpose which colledge shall 264 DOWNING COLLEG E be called by the name of DOWNING S COL

LED G E . And my Will is that a Charter Royal be sued for and obtained for the founding such College and incorporating a Body Col le gia t e by that name in and within the Universit y of Cambridge ; which College or Collegiate Body shall consist of such Head or Governors and of such ffe llowe s schollars Members and other persons for the time being , and shall be maintained governed and ordered by such Laws Rules and Orders and in such manner, and therein shall be L professed and taught such useful earning , as my said Trustees or their Heirs by and with the Consent and Approbation of the most Reverend the Archbishops of Canterbury and York and the Masters of Saint John’ s College and Clare Hall in the said University of Cambridge in being at the time of the &founding of the said College shall direct prescribe and appoint . And immediately from and after the founding and incorporating such

College or Body Corporate as aforesaid , the

266 DOWNING COLLEGE intituled to the actual possession of my said Lands and Inheritance by virtue of the Lim it t a t io ns thereof herein before men t io ne d

Pr o vide d a llwa ys a nd i t i s m y Will a nd I do h e r e by a ppo int t ha t if i t s ha ll s o ha ppe n any o f t h e sa id La nds a nd pr e m is s e s s ha ll by vir t u e o f t his m y Will co m e t o or b e ve st e d i n a ny Ma le pe r s on o r pe r s ons who se Sir na m e s ha ll n o t b e D own ing t ha t t he n a nd i n s u ch cas e s u ch

’ pe r s o n o r pe r s ons s ha ll H e nce for t h a lt e r a nd Cha nge h i s o r t he ir Sir na m e o r Sir na m e s a nd s ha ll t ake o n him se lf o r t he m s e lve s t h e s ir na m e o f Do wning only a nd i n a ll De e ds a nd Wr it ings s ha ll b e calle d s t ile d a nd wr it t e n a nd wr it e a nd s u bs cr ibe t he ir Na m e s by t h e Sir na m e o f Do wning o nly a nd i n Ca s e any s u ch pe r s o n o r pe r so ns s ha ll r e fu se o r ne gle ct t o a lt e r o r Cha nge h is or t he ir Na m e or Na m e s a n d t o t a ke u pon hi m s e lf o r t he m s e lve s t h e Sir na m e o f Do wning i n m a nne r a fo r e sa id by t h e s pace o f t we lve Mo nt hs ne xt a ft e r t h e sa id Pr e m isse s s hall s o co m e u nt o h i m or t h e m a s a fo r e sa id t he n t h e u se s a nd lim it a t ions h e r e in lim it t e d t o s u ch pe r s on o r pe r s ons s o r e fu sing o r n e gle ct ing t o t a ke u pon him se lf or t he m se lve s t h e sa id Sir n a m e o f D o wni ng s ha ll ce a se de t e r m in e a n d b e u t t e r ly void a n d t h e Pr e m isse s s hall go o ve r r e m a in a nd b e t o s u ch pe r so n a nd pe r sons a nd t o s u ch u s e s a s t h e sa m e wou ld o r s hou ld do by vir t u e o f a ny t h e sa id li m i t t a t i o ns he r e in be for e m e nt ione d i n cas e MISCELLANEOUS 267 t h e pe r s on o r pe r sons s o r e fu sin g o r ne gle ct ing t o a lt e r a nd cha nge h is o r t he ir Na m e or Na m e s a nd t o t a ke t o him s e lf or t he m se lve s t h e sa id Sir na m e o f D o wning we r e na t u r a Dea A nd as fo r m e r sonal E st a t e ve lly d . y P I gi a nd be qu e a t h a ll an d s ingu lar m y Go ods a nd Chat t e ls u nt o m y sa id Co u sin Ja co b Ga r r e t D o wnin g wh om I do he r e

or a n a nd o nst t u t e so e E e cu t or o f t is m W by d i c i l x h y ill . In Wit ne ss whe r e of I t h e s a id Si r Ge or ge D o wning ha ve he r e u nt o s e t m y Ha n d a nd Se a l a nd pu blishe d a nd de cla r e d t his t o b e m y las t Will a nd Te s t a m e nt t h e da y — I S n e a nd ye a r a bove m e nt ione d GE ORGE DOWN NG . ig d a nd s e a le d pu blis he d a nd de cla r e d by t h e a bo ve m e nt io ne d Te s t a t o r for a nd a s h i s la s t Will a nd Te st a m e nt in t h e pr e se nce o f u s wh o h a ve he r e u nt o su bs cr ibe d o u r Na m e s as Wit ne ss e s i n t h e pr e s e nce o f t h e sa id Te st a t o r D & . W t a e r o f L o ns Inn o n S st on o n Of o o d hi k y , J h hip , J h g

C e r t o t h Mr t a e r n Sa e sa . W o l k id hi k , J h y . Co dicil t o m y Will m a de t h e t we nt y-t hir d da y o f D e ce m be r o ne t ho u s a nd s e ve n hu ndr e d a nd t we nt y s e ve n Mr s a r H u s e e e e r . ve t o M Towns e n m o I gi . y d y k p for h e r Life t wo hu ndr e d pou nds a Ye a r a nd a ll t h e fu r nit u r e i n h e r R o o m a nd a ls o o ne hu ndr e d pou n ds t h e hu ndr e d Po u nds t o b e pa id h e r wit hin t wo m o nt hs a ft e r ’ m De ce as e ve t o M r Ma r To wn s e n s a u t e r y I gi s . y d d gh five hu ndr e d Po u nds ye a r ly du r ing h e r life ; a nd I do char ge a ll m y La nds wit h t h e pa ym e nt o f t he s e t wo a nnu a a m e nt s t o t h e a r To wnse n m Hou s e l p y s id M s . d y * e e e r a nd o h da M r t e r u t e r . r om s e s e e k p gh I p i d . P dl y

’ Ba r e s e ve n m o nt s a t e r h e r a t e r s e a t t s ly h f f h d h, hi 268 DOWNING COLLEG E so m e o o s w c ne ve r a ve h e r t e r e fo r e ve h e r B k hi h I g , I h gi o ne hu ndr e d Po u nd s t o b e pa id wit hin t wo m ont h s a ft e r

m De ce as e v o ll m a M n . e t a Se r v nt s o u r n n a nd o e y I gi y i g ,

ea r s wa e s ve t o t h e oo r n a y g . I gi p o f Ga m li ga y H t le y Lu dlo w (aw) [Ta dlo w] Cla pt o n o ne hu ndr e d po u nds t o

b e a w t n t wo m o nt s o f m D In w t n p id i hi h y e ce a s e . i e ss whe r e o f I ha ve s e t m y H a nd a nd Se a l t h e Da y a nd Ye a r

a ove wr t t e n— E OR E O n u b i G G D WNING . Sig e d s e a le d p b lis h e d and de cla r e d a s a Co dicil t o t h e last Will a nd Te st a m e nt o f t h e Te st a t o r i n t h e pr e s e nce o f u s wh o i n t h e pr e s e nce o f t h e sa id Te st a t or s u bsc r ibe d o u r Na m e s V a s V i t ne s se s— o n S s t on o n Sa Da v Le w s J h hip , J h y , id i . 1 3t h J u n e 1 74 9 which Da y a ppe a r e d pe r s o nally Si r Ja co b Ga r r e t D o wni ng o f Ga m linga y Pa r k i n t h e pa r is h of Ga m linga y i n t h e Co u nt y o f Ca m br idge s hir e Ba r o ne t wh o be ing s wor n u pon t h e Ho ly E va nge lis t s t o de po se t h e t r u t h did de po s e a n d sa y a s follo w s : t o wit t ha t h e i s s ole E xe cu t o r a nd R e s idu a r y L e ga t e e na m e d i n t h e la s t Will a nd Te s t a m e nt o f Si r Ge o r ge Do wn ing la t e o f Ga m linga y Pa r k i n t h e pa r is h o f Ga m linga y i n t h e co u nt y o f Ca m br idge s hir e a fo r e sa id Ba r on e t de ce ase d ;

t a t o n t h e De a t of t h e sa Sir Ge o r e Do wn n h h id g i g, which ha ppe ne d o n t h e t e nt h da y o f t his In st a nt Ju ne

a s h e was n or m e t s De o ne nt wa s s e nt fo r a nd we nt i f d , hi p d own t o Ga m linga y a for e sa id a nd whe n t his D e po ne nt ca m e t hit he r t h e Will a nd Co dicil o f Si r Ge o r ge Downing Ba r on e t de ce as e d he r e u nt o a nne xe d wa s

a u t er t e n a o u t t we nt -t r e e m a r r e J o n B a na d gh , h b y h , i d h g ll, hi m as wa s e n s t a e a o wr o f E s . r n n t t q , b i gi g , h d, d y

270 DOWNING COLLEGE

Wo r sh ipfu ll J o hn Be t t e swor t h a ls o Doc t o r o f La ws Ma s t e r Ke e pe r or Co m m iss a r y o f t h e Pr e r oga t ive Co u r t o f C a nt e r bu r y la wfu lly co nst it u t e d by t h e o a t h of Sir Ja cob Ga r r e t Downing Ba r one t t h e s ole E xe cu t or n a m e d i n t h e s aid Will t o who m Adm inis t r a t ion wa s gr a nt e d o f a ll a nd s ingu la r t h e Go ods Cha t t e ls a nd Cr e dit s o f t h e De ce a se d be ing fir st s wor n d u ly t o a m nist e r d i .

On the 1 3t h July 1 79 2 original Will and Codicil transmitted to the Court of Delegates by virtue of a Monition dated 5t h July 1 792 .

Ja nu a r y t h e l 6t h 1 740 This i s t o s at is fy m y E xe cu t or s a nd a ll o t e r e r s o ns t a t w a t m ne Mr s Townse n h P h h o y . d m H o u s e e e e r h a s t a t wa s m n e a ve it h e r fo r y k p , h i , I g t h e U s e of h e r Da u ght e r be s ide s wha t I ha ve give n h e r

Da u r t h e o a n W G DOWNIN t e C c d m . G gh by di il y ill .

W t n e ss J o n a ne Da v L e w s R c ar L e t t . i h P i , id i , i h d This Co dicil wa s pr o ve d a t L o ndo n be for e t h e

’ Wo r s h ipfiu l A r t hu r Collie r Do ct o r o f La ws S u r r oga t e o f t h e Right Ho no u r a ble Si r Ge or ge Le e Knight a ls o Do ct or o f La ws Mas t e r Ke e pe r o r Co m m iss io ne r o f t h e Pr e r oga t ive Co u r t of Ca nt e r bu r y la wfu lly c o ns t it u t e d on t h e t we nt y-fir st day o f No ve m be r i n t h e yea r o f Ou r L o r d o ne t hou sa nd s e ve n hu ndr e d a nd fift y - fo u r by t h e o a t h o f Sir Ja co b Ga r r e t Do wning Ba r one t s ole Exe cu t or na m e d i n t h e will o f t h e de cea s e d t o who m a dm inis t r a t io n wa s gr ant e d o f all a nd s ingu lar t h e Goo ds Chat t e ls MISCELLANEOUS 271

a nd Cr e dit s o f t h e s aid de ce a se d ha ving b e e n fir st s wor n

a m i n s t e r An nt e r o cu t or e cr e e e n r st d u ly t o d i . i l y d b i g fi int e r pos e d fo r t h e va li dit y o f t h e sa id Co dicil a s by A ct s

o r t m or e u a e a r s f Cou f lly pp . In spite of the gifts of this will Sir Jacob Garret Downing made his will in the follow ing terms

This i s t h e la st Will a nd Te s t a m e nt o f m e Si r Jac o b Gar r a r d Downing o f Hill St r ee t i n t h e par is h o f Sa int Ge or ge Ha no ve r Squ a r e in t h e Co u nt y o f Middle s e x

a r one t ve t o aco W t t n t on Son of t h e B . I gi J b hi i g ,

M r W t t n t o n Ann h is a t e w e S st e r Re ve r e nd . hi i g by l if i

o f m e a r e o ve w e Da m e Ma ar e t Do wn n t h e y d ly b l d if g i g , ye a r ly S u m o f o ne hu ndr e d Pou nds t o b e pa id or a pplie d t o o r fo r h i s u se du r ing s u ch t im e a nd s o long o nly a s h e s a co nt nu e a t Sc o o a nd r om t h e t m e t h e sa h ll i h l , f i id Ja co b Whit t ingt on s ha ll le ave Scho o l u nt ill h e sha ll a t t a in h is a ge o f t we nt y o ne ye a r s I give h i m t h e ye a r ly s u m o f t wo hu ndr e d Po u nds for h i s Su ppor t a nd

Ma nt e nance u r n t a t e r o o f t m e a nd no on e r i d i g h p i d i l g . A nd m y Will i s t ha t t h e sa id s e ve r a l A nnu it ie s du r ing t he ir cont inu a nce s ha ll b e pa id o r a pplie d t o o r fo r t h e u s e o f t h e s a id Ja cob Whit t ingt on by fo u r qu a r t e r ly

' pa ym e nt s o n t h e fou r u s u a l fie ast days o r days o f paym e nt a ft e r m e nt ion e d a nd t ha t t h e &fir s t pa ym e nt o f t h e sa id a nnu it y o f o ne hu ndr e d pou n ds s ha ll b e m a d e o n su ch of t h e sa id ffe a st da ys o r da ys o f pa ym e nt which 272 DOWNING COLLE GE

r a n n t a r m e ce a s e v e t o t h e s ha ll fi st h ppe e x ft e y d . I gi s a id Ja co b Whit t ingt on o ne a nnu it y o r ye a r ly S u m o f &fo u r hu n dr e d po u nds fo r a n d du r ing h is Life t o co m m e nce fr o m t h e t im e h e s ha ll a t t a in t h e sa id a ge o f t we nt y o ne ye a r s a nd b e paid an d pa ya ble qu ar t e r ly on

' t h e fio u r u s u a l ffe a st s or da ys o f pa ym e nt i n t h e ye a r t ha t i s t o sa y L a dy day Midsu m m e r Micha e lm as a n d Chr ist m a s in e ve r y ye a r du r ing hi s life wit ho u t a ny

' de du ct io n t h e fir st pa ym e nt o f t h e sa id a nnu it y o f fio u r hu ndr e d Po u nds t o b e m a de o n s u ch o f t h e sa id qu a r t e r da ys which shall fir st ha ppe n ne xt a ft e r t h e sa id J a co b Whit t ingt on sha ll a t t a in h is sa id Age o f t we nt y o ne

a r a s r e ct a t h u o f n T u ye s . I l o di t h t e s m O e ho sa nd Pou nds b e pa id a nd la id ou t for t h e be ne fit o f t h e sa id Ja cob Whit t ingt o n in t h e pu r cha s e o f a n Insigns

' Co m m iss io n i n o n e o f His Maje s t ys r e gim e nt s o f fi o o t Gu ar ds A nd I give t o t h e t wo da u ght e r s o f t h e s a id

Mr W t n o n h n . hit i gt by t e sa id An h is las t wife t h e s u m o f One Tho u sa nd Po u nds t o b e pa id t o a nd e qu a lly divide d be t we e n t he m a t t he ir r e s pe c t ive a ge s o f t we nt y

o n e e a r s o r a s o f m a r r a e w c s al r st a n y d y i g hi h h l fi h ppe . A n d m y Will i s t ha t if e it he r o f t he m s h a ll ha ppe n t o di e be for e t ha t sa id a g e o r m ar r iage t ha t t h e pa r t o r s har e o f h e r s o dying s ha ll go a n d b e pa id t o t h e s u r vivor

o f t e m A nd ve t o m Old Se r va nt W i a m h . I gi y ill M a t h a m (4) o ne a nnu it y o r ye a r ly Su m o f ffift y po u n ds

fo r h is L e a nd t o m Se r va nt o n Co ns one if , y J h lli

' a nnu it y or ye ar ly Su m o f fi or t y Po u nds du r ing hi s Life ; which sa id se ve r a l a nnu it ie s or ye a r ly Su m s by m e

274 DOWNING COLLEGE

ACOB GARRARD DO IN S ne Se a e u J WN G . ig d l d p blishe d a nd de cla r e d by t h e s a id Te s t a t or Si r Ja cob Gar r a r d Downing a s a nd fo r h i s las t Will a nd Te st a m e n t i n t h e pr ese nce o f u s wh o i n t h e pr e s e nce a nd a t t h e R e qu e st of t h e sa id Sir Jaco b Ga r r a r d Do wning i n t h e pr e se nce of e ach o t h e r ha ve s u bs cr ibe d o u r na m e s a s wit ne s se s h e r e t o A e x u s E coc k T om a s R e r W a m M es l i l , h yd , illi il . This Will was pr ove d a t Lo ndon o n t h e t e nt h day of ffe b r u a r y i n t h e ye ar o f Ou r Lo r d o ne t ho u sa nd se ve n h u ndr e d a nd s ixt y fo u r be fo r e t h e wo r shipfu l Th om as

Boo e r 2 L L D a nd S u r r o a t e o f t h e R t Wo r s u ( ) . . g igh hipf l

Si r E wa r m n Kn t LL D Mas t e r Kee e r o r d d Si ps o igh . . p C o m m is sa r y o f t h e Pr e r o ga t ive Co u rt of Can t e r bu r y

a w u co nst t u t e t h e o a t o f Dam e Ma r ar e t l f lly i d , by h g

Down n w ow t h e Re ct of t h e ece as e a nd So e i g id , li d d l

E u r ll To w o m a m n s t r a xe c t ix na m e d i n t h e sa id Wi . h d i i t io n o f a ll a nd s ingu la r t h e Goo ds Chat t e ls a nd Cr e dit s o f t h e s ai de ce as e was r ant ed sh e a v n e e n r st d d g , h i g b fi s wor n u t o a m nist e r d ly d i . 1 2 t 3 July 179 . The original transmi ted to the Court of Delegates by virtue of a

d t 5 1 92 . monition a ed July , 7

The reason for the selection of the Masters

’ oh n s of St . J and Clare Colleges to assist in carrying o u t the will see ms to have be en that the father of the Founder was a MISCELLANEOUS 275

member of Clare College , and his uncle Charles

’ a member of St . John s . In the admission book of Clare, we read “ 1 Anno 668 .

o f Feb . George Downing, Esq . , West

r ” minster, Fellow Comm

To this a note has been added by Dr .

: Goddard , the Master George Downing

(afterwards Bart . ) of Hatley in Cambridge £2 shire . He gave 00 to the Rebuilding of the College, and was the Father SIr of George , the Founder of Downing

College . ’ In the admissions at St . John s College in “ 1 68 3 Do wne in , we find Charles g , born in

o f Downe in Middlesex , son George g , Kt

school , Eaton , admitted fellow commoner,

1 0 se t . April,

’ We give an illu s t r a t 1o n of Fla xm a n s

design for the College seal . The designer declined to receive any remuneration for

his work . In consequence of this the College passed a resolution that they would 276 DOWNING COLLEGE entrust him with all their engraving com

m i s s m ns .

O An interleaved opy of the present volume , for corrections and additions , is preserved in the College Library .

I N D E X

A CKL AM 2 46 r k r T 246 G a e . A. , . , B , , ’ A dde nb r oo k e s Hos it a 1 48 1 4 9 ar kst e a d 1 5 p l, , B , A dm ira t 6 ar n a r d E B 2 46 l y, B . . A d r i an 2 i n T 3 25 9 o e 2 2 ar nar d s t o . 37 pl , B , , , , A r icu t u r a Socie t R o a 9 9 a rn s e 7 7 1 8 9 g l l y , y l , B l y , , A e r oa 2 1 3 2 1 4 a rr i n t o n 4 6 k , , B g , AJde r m a n o f Ca m b r id e 1 90 a rr ow 8 1 g , B , A be rt ict o r P r ince 2 4 7 a r r 5 5 l V , , B y, A e and e r W 7 7 1 75 a rt on-i n-t h e -Be ans 1 9 9 l x , . , , B , Al e xi nat z 2 2 1 at h 1 72 , B , A li n t on i r 2 3 t ie 2 2 1 S G . 1 at g , , B , Am st e r da m 1 4 a t e r Co one 9 , B x , l l ,

A m os vii 1 32 e t s e . Ba o f Is ands 21 4 , , q y l , A n a t ica Soc ie t 1 69 e cc e s 33 ly l y, B l , A n e s e 7 7 2 08 e r ad e 22 1 g l y , , B lg , A nn e u e e n 2 1 e G 4 0 W . , Q , B ll , . B

A nne s e 5 0 79 e t se . 8 2 1 2 9 e m ont 1 5 0 l y, , q , , B l , A r o r i a t i on A ct vi i e nt e 24 0 pp p , B l y, A r chb ish o s Th e 2 4 9 e rr P om e r o 1 9 2 p , , , B y , y,

Arm s o f Do wni n 24 9 e sa nt Si r W . 1 8 6 g , B , , Ashb 81 e st Se r e ant 1 5 7 y, B , j , A s iat ic is ce an 65 Be t t e s wo r t h 270 M ll y , , A ss in t o n 8 8 e e r P r of e s so r s hi 2 39 g , B y p , A t he nae u m C u b 1 03 1 9 6 ib e Th e 1 00 1 02 l , , B l , , , A t he rt on 2 5 1 Bi h am J u d e 203 , — g , g , A t t woo d F 21 224 24 6 ir k e k W L L . as t e r vi i i R . 2 b c , . , , B , . , M , , x ,

A u b e , 2 1 3 A u ck and 2 1 4 isho s vo t in a a inst Divor ce o f l , B p g g u s t in 1 5 2 F u nde r 2 7 A , C . , o , A u s t in Pr of 1 34 a c b u r n 1 31 , , Bl k , a ise isho 8 2 Bl , B p , ABBAG E 1 68 a e e De an 1 2 2 B , Bl k l y , , ab in t on P r o f 9 9 o u nt a rt ha 2 2 B g , . , Bl , M , na J 2 68 t h J 246 a . B g ll , Bly , , alfo u r P r o t 206 oa t C u b 24 1 B , , B l , anb u r 1 33 ond is s 2 5 2 B y , B , M ,

ant r L o r d 21 1 o oe r T . 2 7 4 B y , , B , , ar ado s 9 ot anic G r d e ns 5 6 B b e . B a , 278 INDEX

Bou nt m u t in of 1 30 Cam b e l L or d 1 61 y , y , p l , , o wo rt h 39 Cam b e l Chance or 1 8 2 B x , p l, ll ,

o u o ne 1 1 5 Ca m be Si r J . 9 4 B l g , p ll , , o wt e 333 Ca nnin 8 9 B ll, g , , ow e r 34 38 4 8 C a e 1 69 B y , , , p ,

r d u r J . B o f 1 4 9 24 6 a b . Pr . Ca e To wn Co le e 201 B y, , , , p l g , r ad sha w Le ct u re r 1 4 9 Ca r i s e is ho of 1 72 B , l l , B p , r a d st r e e t Sim on 3 Ca r is e E a r o f 1 0 2 6 25 7 B , , l l , l , , ,

r i e A . 1 9 6 1 97 2 44 a r r L a W . C au ra i ss 1 8 3 1 8 4 1 8 5 B l y, , , , , , M , , , r and on 8 5 C as t e 2 9 B , ll , r e nt fo r d 1 35 Ca t a lin i 8 6 B , , r e we r Co e e 62 Ca ve ndish Co e e 1 9 8 B y ll g , ll g , Br i ck woo d Scu s 2 4 3 Ca e Si r Tho m as 9 1 ll , yl y, , r i ht o n 1 4 5 Ce e b es 2 06 B g , l , r i st o a r u is of 1 77 Cha m b e r a in J P 203 B l , M q , l , M rit is h A s s ocia t io n Th e 1 72 Che s n R 2 69 B , , ly , . , Br i t om a r t 2 1 4 Cha nce of im r ovin t of Cam , p g own ro c di sh 8 5 b r id e 5 2 B k , g , ’ r o de n 2 4 6 Chance o r s L e a e da 1 8 9 201 B g , ll g l M l , , r o m l e 1 8 5 Ch a m an H E 2 4 6 B y, p , . . , ro m t o n 1 35 Cha r e s IL 1 2 1 4 2 0 2 1 1 39 240 B p , l , , , , , , r owne Har o d isho 1 63 Che se a Hos it a 1 75 B , l , B p , l p l , ro wning 1 2 6 Che t e nha m 2 5 2 B , l , r u ce G e ne r a 1 1 9 1 20 Chica o 1 98 B , l , , g , r u ce M r s 1 1 9 Chr ist ia n A d voca t e 9 9 B , , , e 4 6 Chr ist i an F h r 1 r u c S . 2 e t c e 30 B , , l , ru s s e s 1 2 Chr ist ian Pr o fe s so r 5 0 8 5 1 28 1 5 7 B l , , , , , ’ r n w n 1 99 Chr ist s Co l e e 1 4 0 1 4 3 B y g y , l g , , “ u b b e a nd S u e a 248 C a t o n 268 B l q k , l p , Bu ckh a r e st 2 25 C a r e 4 9 1 8 5 , l , , u c in ha m 2 19 C are Co e e 4 9 B k g , l ll g , uc m a st e r 24 6 C ar e nd on L o r d 5 B k , l , , 9 3 r W n rs t st ra r n C a k J. U i i i u n se . ve Re B , l , , y g y , u n an 2 38 8 0 B y , C a r k Dr 2 29 r r d H . 2 45 Bu r a , , l , dm u nd s 37 8 5 C a d on 2 1 2 1 8 u r St . E 6 B y , , , l y , , t E dm u nds Sch o o 1 C e r ke nwe Co u r t of Re u e s t s 1 32 ur S . 76 1 8 6 B y l , , l ll q , u t che r R o w 2 39 C int 2 5 1 B y , l , u t e r 1 5 5 C it he ro e Gr am m a r Schoo 1 31 B l , l l , r o n A dm ir a 4 6 Clo e r D e a n o f 1 9 5 By , l , g , , r on L or d 1 31 1 5 0 C o t on 2 9 By , , , l p , Co hi n t o Cam b r i e 5 ac g d g , 8 CA INE T Cou ncil 1 1 6 Cockl e C e 1 75 B , y l y, Ca iu s 5 2 Co che st e r 5 1 , l , Ca cu t t a 65 Co dh am Gr e e n 2 37 l , l , Ca de r on 1 9 6 Co e 30 l , l , Ca d we 1 4 3 C o e nso isho 1 72 l ll , l , B p , Cal ve r e 1 8 6 C o e rid e 1 01 l y, l g , C i r A 2 C a ve rt Si r H . 21 5 o e 70 l , , ll , , C in 2 C m b r i d e Ca st e 31 o s J . 72 a g l , ll , , a m br i d e Ch r o ni cle 5 5 9 0 1 2 9 233 C o i ns L o r d Jus t ice He nn vi 193 C g , , , , ll , , , r t on Cam b r idge Corpo a i , 33

280 INDEX

F a m an 27 Ha es P r of 1 8 6 l x , l , , Foo t W Y 24 6 . . Ha ib u r t on Ju d e 2 , , l , g , Foo t ight s 24 8 Ha ifa 1 8 8 l , l x , For e s t e r L or d 2 8 Ha l b r L o r d 1 9 , , s u y , , 5 Fo re st e r ar L ad Do wnin 21 Ham t o n 2 , M y [ y g] , p , 7 For e st e r Si r 2 0 W . H and e 8 7 , , l, Fou nd a t ion st o ne a in 5 5 Ha r cou r t Si r W V 1 8 3 , l y g , , . Fo x C u b 1 61 H ar d 242 ca st e N. C . l , l , , Fr a nk a nd 9 1 Ha r din e L or d 1 1 8 l , g , , Fr e r e John 8 5 1 2 1 H a r dwick L a d 8 3 , , , , y, F r e r e P H 8 6 8 9 1 . . 7 5 H ar u u s t us 9 3 , , , , e , A g , Fr e r e W 5 0 60 8 3 2 5 1 . Har e Ju iu s 9 2 9 3 1 02 , , , , , , l , , ,

Fr es h fie ld J W. 1 8 . 7 a P i 1 9 6 , , H r e r z e , F u e r 1 8 5 Ha rr is D L . 7 7 1 9 1 ll , , . , , F ur ne ss F e ls 5 9 Har r ow 2 1 5 l , , Har va r d Co e e 8 9 ll g , , AMBL A W 24 1 G E . . H e i n r a t or 1 4 8 , , ar v a O , G am in a 2 9 35 36 4 9 2 68 Ha r wo od Si r P r oli 5 0 1 39 l g y, , , , , , B , , , Gam in a P a r 2 5 6 1 5 1 l g y k , G ar dne r R 24 6 Hat e E as t 7 1 0 2 9 74 1 7 0 249 , l y , , , , , ’ e 35 G ent le m a n s M ag a z i n , G o r e II 2 6 1 1 6 e . s 1 68 g , , H awe , G o r III 8 2 1 1 6 9 e e H a e r i Si r A . g , z l g , , Gib b G H 2 4 6 h m cho o 1 8 8 . He a t Gr a m ar S , l , ir t o n 1 9 9 nn J 1 9 4 G , He , G as ow 1 4 7 He nn ast e r 1 9 4 l g , , M , G a s ow Unive r s it 1 24 He nr ie t t a a r ia 35 l g y , M ,

G nn Dr . 1 4 2 He nr II 32 ly , , y . , G o ddar d 2 75 II 1 37 2 34 2 36 He nr I . , y V , , , G i h’ Com an 6 o ds m t s He nshaw . 9 l p y, , S , G ou h 1 68 n low 1 9 g , H e s , 6 Go u r ko 2 22 nst ll 1 9 7 , H e p pe a , G h m st n 2 04 D s D a n of 1 71 r a a ow , H e r e for d , a we , e , ”

Gr a nvi e G . S 24 5 He r m at h e nae 1 22 ll , , “ G r a vedi e r s 2 48 He r sche 1 08 1 68 gg , ll , , G i h 1 9 9 1 4 4 1 74 r e e nw c , He we t t , P r of , , 8 — r i fli t h E J . 7 7 2 08 24 7 2 4 Hi ks on J 2 05 2 08 G , . , , , , c , S . M 208 i h a 1 01 1 5 4 G iffit h T . H t e r , . , g g , , Gr i ns t e a d E ast 1 64 Hi a ir e S a int 1 4 6 , , l , , G m hd e ac on 8 7 i Dr 9 r o o e Ar c H e . 7 , , l y, , — G r ot o n 3 Hi Al e Dr . a st e r 1 23 1 27 , ll, x , , M , , G d is b u r h 8 5 8 8 r u n g , , i M r s 24 1 2 4 2 Gu i ot 1 4 6 H . z , ll , , , G unnin 1 42 Hi bo r ou h 1 7 6 g , ll g , D B 8 5 8 8 i r ho m e Gr am m a r Scho o 1 88 Gur d on . . H e , , , pp l l , n Hir o n 1 5 5 Gur d o E . 8 6 , , , Gu r o n P 2 1 1 1 Ho b ho u se J 1 35 d , . , , , Gu r d o n W 2 32 H ob son 2 1 4 , , ’ Gu s Ho s it a 1 62 Ho Hi 5 2 y p l , g ll , o kian 2 1 3 H ga , [ HACKNE Y 9 Ho a nd L or d 1 61 , ll , , 1 1 1 2 1 4 Hon i 2 3 Hag u e , , , g , 1 INDEX 2 81

’ Ho e T 8 2 in s Co e e L ondon 1 49 p , K g ll g , , ’ ki ns 1 05 in s So m bo r ne 1 70 Hop , K g , ’ H o r a c a t At he ns 24 8 in s Dit ch 2 3 5 e , K g , H or s e 1 40 it chin De an 62 l y, K , ni ht F 202 Hor t P r o f. 1 03 . , , K g , ,

Ho vin ha m 9 1 n ow e s J . 1 65 g , K l , , s E i 40 H owa r d S . 8 5 K ri m b . , , , l z ,

H u b ba r d , 2 1 9 Hu dib r as 1 5 5 L AMBE TH L ibr a r 65 , y, s r 0 L a ndor W S 9 3 Hu e an Pr o fesso 1 0 . . l , , , H u m e 2 21 L a n d a e L o r d 1 7 9 1 81 , g l , , , H u m hr Sir G eor e 1 24 225 - 2 30 L an ois 2 1 3 p y, g , , , g l , e t e r R a P r of 206 2 43 24 8 L a nk s , y , . ,

Hu m h 6 L at ha m J . 1 47 r C . 2 4 p y , , , , - H u m hr m i 2 5 1 L a t ha m P W P ro f. 1 4 6 1 48 E . . p y, ly, , , , H u m hr L ad 2 2 9 L au d A rchbis ho 31 p y, y , , p , r 1 3 nd 1 3 H u nt e r i a n P r ofe ss o , 2 L ava , 2

T J L L D. 7 7 H s L w n e R e v . u r t , 4 7 a r e c , . . , , H m ns 1 64 1 75 1 9 7—1 9 9 247 y , , , 2 L e ch m e r e , N. , 5 7 IDLE Fe l o w 67 L e d b u r 1 7 1 l , y, Inne r Te m e 1 06 L e e 2 1 3 24 4 2 70 p l , , , , Ins cr i t i n F u nd ti n t one L e fe r e Sha w 1 34 p on o o a o S , v , , 6 5 e e 2 5 0 5 , 7 Le N v , Ionian Is a nd s 2 31 L e ns 5 0 1 5 7 l , , , I s wich 1 9 e nsfie ld R oa d 1 61 25 4 p , 7 L , , I swich G r a m m ar Schoo 1 8 L e t t 2 70 p l , , , It a 22 9 3 L e t t on 8 5 ly, , , is D 2 8 2 70 L e w , . , 6 , J ACOBSON A E 24 6 L ib r ar Cam b r id e Unive r s it 1 30 , . y , g y, Ja m e s I 1 6 L ife P e e r a e s 1 8 0 . , 3 g , Jam e on Ra id 2 03 L inacr e L e ct u r e r 1 49 s , , , Je n ins D 24 3 L ina cr e P r of 2 43 k , . , , , ’ Jes u s Co e e 5 2 1 4 3 L inco n s Inn 1 08 ll g , , l , Je s u s L a ne 5 2 L in d e L or d Ju st ice 1 08 , l y , , Joha nne s b u r 1 6 L int on 5 1 g , 5 ,

Jone s 1 5 3 L it t e J F . 247 , l , . , Jone s P ar r 200 L i ve r oo 1 9 5 , y , p l , L and aff Ho u se 8 2 l ,

ATE R E 24 6 L o d S . 1 05 K , l y , , a he r ine u e e n f har e s II 3 L kh r 1 1 1 t o C 3 o c a t G . 3 K , Q l , , , is h 1 3 h W 1 3 a e o 3 L oc a rt . K y , B p , k , , a e Tu t o r o f Chr ist s 1 43 L ond on Co e e You t hs 2 33 K y , , ll g , e an 1 61 L o r t M 8 1 K , , . , e at e Dr 2 1 0 L ou ht on 1 23 K , . , g ,

e nd a 1 68 L ove t t Sir J . 1 94 K l , , , e nn Dr Co u rt ne 77 1 88—1 90 L u s t J 2 6 ca S . . W 4 K y, . y , , , . . , L u d ow 1 6 l , e ns a Gr ee n 1 06 L nn 1 4 0 K l , y , e nt D u che s s o f 1 1 3 K , , ’ in s Co e e 5 4 2 2 6 ACAUL AY L ord 1 34 K g ll g , , M , , ’ in s Col e e Cha e 5 4 acbe t h 8 K g l g p l, M , 9 282 INDE X

a cco 1 9 6 Ne al e C 1 63 M ll , , ac int os h Si r J 1 60 Ne a e J 1 63 M k , l , . M Ma cMi ch ae l W F 2 44 24 . 7 Ne son 1 7 6 , , l , adi n e 1 1 9 Ne m a r k e t 1 39 M gl y, w , a da e n Co e e 21 2 Ne wst e a d 1 5 4 M g l ll g , , “ ” a ie and St u m 24 8 Ne wst e a d A b b e 1 5 5 M g p p , y, it a nd f 3 a P r o . 1 9 Ne wt o n A d e rm a n 24 0 M l , , , l ,

anse 8 2 1 4 1 Ne wt o n Si r I . 2 39 M l , , , , a r ke t oswor t h 1 65 Ne w S u ar e 5 1 M B , q , ar ke t P ace 5 8 Ne w Z e a and 2 1 3 M l , l , a r b o ro u g h Co e e 206 Ni ht in a e iss F 2 18 M l ll g , g g l , M a rr ie d F e ows 65 Ni on 2 5 1 M ll , x , a r e b one 1 35 N h d E ar o f G ui fo r d 231 o rt Fr e . M y l , , , l l , a ss achu s e t t s 2 8 No rt h Ce e b e s 2 06 M , , l , a ss achuse t t s H ist orica So cie t No t t in ha m 1 33 247 M l y , g , , 2 4 9 Norwich 8 8 1 5 7 , ,

Ma t h am W . 2 72 o a Scot ia 1 2 9 , , N v , - a t t he ws C . 1 5 0 6 S . M , , M at sh o r n 39 BE R S TE INE R 1 25 , O , ’ au r ice e F D 1 61 9 R v. . . O Conne ll 1 4 M , , , a a r in 1 0 Of ood J 2 67 M z , g ,

e e k W. 5 0 Oke Co ne l 1 5 1 7 M , , y, lo , , ’ e b ou r ne Lo r d 1 78 O K e 9 M l , , y , e r iva e D e an 1 2 2 Or a n e Fr e e St a t e 205 M l , , g , e r t o n Co e e 24 3 Or a n e P r ince s s o f 1 2 M ll g , g , , id s u m m e r Com m on 5 3 On e ss 2 31 M , l , ids u m m e r Gr e e n 2 37 Ou t r am Dr 5 7 M , , ie r s C H 2 4 6 r h i r i es 1 61 . re G . Ove ac S M , , , l , i r s J A 4 6 e . . 2 Owe ns Co e e 207 M , , ll g , ” ie rs R . B. 2 4 6 Ow s 2 4 8 M , , l ,

i e s W . 2 74 O f or d 1 33 M l , , x , i it ia 1 1 9 M l , i Si r J 1 70 PAI NE J 2 70 M ll, . , , nk 24 0 r F 4 o P a m e J. 3 M , l , . , o nt e a e L or d 8 6 1 84 P a m e r Rou nde ll 1 8 3 M g l , , , l , , ont e ie r 1 4 5 P a m e r s t o n L o r d 1 07 M p ll , l , , or an 4 7 P an u r i sh t e 2 2 3 M g , g , or e t h iscou nt 25 3 P ar ke J u st ice 1 5 9 M p , V , . ,

o s e P r of 2 06 P ar e r J . 24 6 M l y , , k , , ’ ou nse 1 7 5 P a r ke r s P ie ce 24 6 M y , , o u nt P e a sa nt P u t ne 2 5 1 P as t o n L e t t e r s 8 9 M l , y, ,

o e 9 2 P ast o n Si r R . 9 M zl y, , ,

. G . 2 4 7 e k 9 2 1 8 2 32 u nr o J . E P ac oc 6 M , , , , , r it ish 7 9 P e ar e P 24 6 u se u m c W . M , B , , . , u ske t t J 25 0 P ed e J 2 5 7 M , l y, P edle Mr s 2 67 y, , 9 P m r n J 1 2 9 NA IL STONE , 1 65 , 1 9 e be t o , Na e on 1 1 5 P e m b r o ke H a 5 1 pol , ll , P m b ro ke L e s 5 1 h A J . 2 4 7 e Nas . , , y ,

t io na Ga e r 5 4 P e n S i r W . 1 6 Na l ll y , , , i n H om e R e adin Union 1 26 P e n e lle 2 5 0 Nat o a l g , g y , A t i 25 2 P nr n 1 7 Na vig a t i on c , vi , e y . 7

284 INDE X

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