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Vertebrate Zoology 59 (2) 2009 147 147 – 155 © Museum für Tierkunde Dresden, ISSN 1864-5755, 11.12.2009 A new species of the microhylid frog genus Oreophryne from the Mamberamo Basin of northern Papua Province, Indonesian New Guinea RAINER GÜNTHER 1, STEPHEN RICHARDS 2, BURHAN TJATURADI 3 & DJOKO ISKANDAR 4 1 Museum für Naturkunde, Invalidenstr. 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany 2 Vertebrates Department, South Australian Museum, North terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia and Conservation International, P.O. Box 1024, Atherton, Queensland 4883 3 Komp Ariau Dunlop, Sentani, Papua, Indonesia 4 Institute of Technology, Bandung, Indonesia Received on October 12, 2009, accepted on October 30, 2009. Published online at www.vertebrate-zoology.de on December 11, 2009. > Abstract A new species of the microhylid frog genus Oreophryne is described from lowland rainforest in the Mamberamo Basin of northern Papua Province, Indonesian New Guinea. The new species is distinguished from congeners by its small size (males 20.5-23.3 mm SUL) and advertisement call, a loud rattle lasting about two seconds. It is only the second member of the genus known to lay and then guard eggs attached to the underside of leaves in the forest. > Kurzfassung Auf der Basis von Materialsammlungen im Jahr 2000 im südlichen Mamberamo Becken, nördliche Papua Provinz, Indo- nesien, Neuguinea, wird eine neue kleinwüchsige (Männchen 20.5-23.3 mm Kopf-Rumpf-Länge) Oreophryne-Art beschrie- ben. Die Beschreibung basiert hauptsächlich auf morphologischen und bioakustischen Befunden. Es handelt sich erst um die zweite bekannte Art dieser artenreichen Gattung, bei der die Männchen Brutpfl ege betreiben. > Key words Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae, Oreophryne, new species, Papua Province, Indonesia, New Guinea. Introduction The microhylid frog genus Oreophryne is one of the several undescribed frog species on the northern edge most speciose groups of frogs in New Guinea, and nu- of the central cordillera (e.g. OLIVER et al. 2007). Here merous new species have been collected and described we describe a new species of Oreophryne obtained from the island in the last two decades (e.g. GÜNTHER during that survey, and report the second example in et al. 2001, GÜNTHER 2003 a, b, ZWEIFEL et al. 2003, the genus of egg-guarding behaviour involving strad- 2005). Despite this, numerous additional undescribed dling of eggs glued to leaves hanging above the forest species occur in collections and the total number of fl oor (JOHNSTON & RICHARDS 1993). species in the genus is likely to at least double (RICH- ARDS, unpublished data). Conservation International’s Rapid Assessment Pro- gram (RAP) biodiversity surveys aim to document Materials and methods poorly-known biotas in tropical regions of the world, to promote conservation of these regions and to pro- vide training for local fi eld biologists. In September Most frogs were collected at night after locating them 2000 a RAP survey and training course in the Mam- by their advertisement calls. Prior to collecting, re- beramo Basin of Indonesian New Guinea documented cordings of advertisement calls were made whenever 148 GÜNTHER et al.: A new species of Oreophryne from Indonesian New Guinea possible. Photographs of some live specimens were MZB Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense at also taken prior to collection. Frogs were anaesthe- Cibinong, Indonesia tised the next day with chlorobutanol and fi xed in 10% NMW Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Austria formalin. Prior to fi xing liver tissue was taken from RMNH National Museum of Natural History, three specimens and fi xed in 70% ethanol in order Naturalis, Leiden, The Netherlands to allow later DNA sequencing. All specimens were mm millimetre preserved in 70% ethanol before depositing them in ms millisecond museum collections. One paratype (ZMB 74016) was s second cleared and double stained using a modifi ed method SD standard deviation from DINGERKUS & UHLER (1977). Advertisement calls were recorded with a Sony SAMA South Australian Museum Adelaide, Pro-Walkman WMD-6C Tape Recorder and Sony Australia ECM-Z200 microphone. Calls were analysed in the SMF Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum laboratory with Avisoft-SAS Lab software. Senckenberg, Frankfurt/Main, Germany Measurements of snout-urostyle length and tibia ZMA Zoologisch Museum Amsterdam, length to the nearest 0.1 mm were made with a digital The Netherlands calliper, all others with an ocular micrometer in a dis- ZMB Museum für Naturkunde (formerly Zoo- secting microscope: logisches Museum) Berlin, Germany SUL snout-urostyle length, from tip of snout Material compared. Oreophryne albopuctata, ZMA 5821, to distal tip of urostyle bone; (SUL and 5822, syntypes; O. anthonyi, BMNH 1947.2.12.34–40, co- snout-vent length differ insignifi cantly, but types; O. asplenicola, type series; O. atrigularis, type series; SUL is more accurately measured) O. biroi (Mehelyia affi nis), NMW 19826, fi de Zweifel et al. TL tibia length, external distance between knee (2003); O. brevicrus, AMNH 43694, 43697, 43700-2, para- and heel (calliper gently pressed) types; O. brevirostris, type series; O. clamata, type series; O. crucifer, ZMA 5819, syntype; O. fl ava, ZMA 5823, holo- TaL tarsus length type, AMNH 58152-53, 58155-57; O. frontifasciata, RMNH L4T length of fourth toe, from tip of toe to 1807, lectotype; O. geislerorum, SMF 4197, holotype, NMW metatarsal tubercle 19825: 1–4, fi de Zweifel et al. (2003); O. habbemensis, type F3D transverse diameter of third fi nger disc series; O. idenburgensis, RMNH 10473, AMNH A49665-6, F1D transverse diameter of fi rst fi nger disc A49668, paratypes; O. inornata, AMNH 56731, 56903-4, 56984, 57259, paratypes; O. insulana, AMNH 56732, 57265, T4D transverse diameter of fourth toe disc 57266, paratypes; O. kampeni, BMNH 1947.2.1214, holo- T1D transverse diameter of fi rst toe disc type; O. kapisa, type series; O. loriae, BMNH 1947.2.12.41- HL head length, from tip of snout to posterior 42, cotypes; O. minuta, MZB Amp. 3877, holotype, MZB margin of tympanum Amp. 3878, SAMA R54071-72, all paratypes; O. moluccen- HW head width, taken in the region of the sis, SMF 4203, lectotype; O. parkeri, MCZ 12964, holotype; tympana O. pseudasplenicola, type series; O. sibilans, type series; O. unicolor, type series; O. wapoga, type series; O. wolterstorf- END distance from anterior corner of orbital fi , ZMB 16853, holotype. opening to centre of naris IND internarial distance between centres of nares ED eye diameter, from anterior to posterior Oreophryne furu sp. nov. corner of orbital opening TyD horizontal diameter of tympanum Plate I, Figs.1–7 and Table 1 Abbreviations Holotype. MZB Amp. 15912 (fi eld number = FN AMNH American Museum of Natural History, JCUNQ 5698), adult male collected by S. RICHARDS, New York, USA D. ISKANDAR and B. TJATURADI on 3 September 2000 BMNH The Natural History Museum (formerly near Furu Camp 3 km SE Dabra, Mamberamo Basin, British Museum of Natural History), (3°17’04’’S, 138°38’10’’E), 90 m elevation, Papua London, UK Province of Indonesia, Island of New Guinea. Para- JCUNQ James Cook University, Townsville, types. MZB Amp. 15913 (FN JCUNQ 5689), MZB Australia Amp. 15914 (FN JCUNQ 5696), MZB Amp. 15915 MCZ Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard (FN JCUNQ 5705), SAMA R64848 (FN JCUNQ University, Cambridge, USA 5692), SAMA R64849 (FN JCUNQ 5695), ZMB Vertebrate Zoology ■ 59 (2) 2009 149 Plate I. Holotype of Oreophryne furu sp. nov. (a) Dorsal view of head, (b) lateral view of head, (c) ventral view of right hand, (d) ventral view of right foot, (e) dorsal view of entire specimen, (f) ventral view of entire specimen. 74015 (FN JCUNQ 5688) and ZMB 74016 (FN Diagnosis. A species of Oreophryne with a snout-uro- JCUNQ 5690). All paratypes same data as holotype. style length in males from 20.5–23.3 mm (one female SAMA 64849 is a female, all other types are males. measured 24.7 mm), ligamentous connection between 150 GÜNTHER et al.: A new species of Oreophryne from Indonesian New Guinea Fig. 1. Lateral view of the head of a paratype of O. furu sp. nov. Fig. 2. Lateral view of the head of a paratype of O. furu sp. nov. with weakly pigmented loreal and subocular region. with strongly pigmented loreal and subocular region. procoracoid and scapula, third and fi fth toes approxi- of fi ngers 3 and 5, the latter are low and rounded (Ta- mately equal in length, fi ngers not webbed, webbing ble Id). Terminal discs of all fi ngers and toes with deep of toes reaching almost to distal subarticular tubercle circummarginal grooves. of toe 3 and 5, fi nger discs somewhat broader than toe In preservative dorsal surface is smooth, ventral discs (mean ratio T4D/F3D 0.87), and having the fol- surface of belly and throat shows a reticulate struc- lowing average proportions: TL/SUL 0.44, HL/HW ture. Dorsal surface pale grey with diffuse dark brown 0.81, ED/SUL 0.136, TyD/ED 0.28, END/IND 1.04. markings (Plate Ie). Two narrow and very irregularly No W-shaped mark in the scapular region and no lum- shaped dorsolateral stripes are more densely pigment- bar ocelli. The advertisement calls are loud rattles of ed. The same applies also to the interorbital region, about 2 seconds, mean note duration 12.8 ms, mean to a spot above the wrist joint and a small postocu- inter-note length 31 ms, mean note repetition rate 23.8 lar stripe. Below this dark postocular stripe there is a notes per second. broad whitish diagonal stripe reaching from the eye to the insertion of the foreleg. The dorsal surface of Description of the holotype (Plate I). Adult male with the snout shows a similar whitish colour. Conspicuous a SUL of 22.4 mm. For further measurements and are dense dark brown pigmentations of the loreal and body ratios see Table 1.
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    Diversity 2009, 1, 52-65; doi:10.3390/d1010052 (Supplementary Material) 1 ESM 2. List of most threatened species AMPHIGNATHODONTIDAE *Gastrotheca espeletia, *Gastrotheca litonedis, *Gastrotheca orophylax, *Gastrotheca psychrophila, *Gastrotheca ruizi, *Gastrotheca splendens, *Gastrotheca stictopleura, *Gastrotheca trachyceps, Gastrotheca abdita, Gastrotheca aureomaculata, Gastrotheca dunni, Gastrotheca galeata, Gastrotheca helenae, Gastrotheca pacchamama, Gastrotheca rebeccae, Gastrotheca williamsoni AROMOBATIDAE *Allobates juanii, *Allobates mandelorum, *Aromobates alboguttatus, *Aromobates duranti, *Aromobates haydeeae, *Aromobates leopardalis, *Aromobates mayorgai, *Aromobates meridensis, *Aromobates nocturnus, *Aromobates orostoma, *Aromobates saltuensis, *Aromobates serranus, *Prostherapis dunni, Allobates bromelicola, Allobates fratisenescus, Allobates humilis, Allobates picachos, Allobates rufulus, Anomaloglossus ayarzaguenai, Anomaloglossus roraima, Aromobates capurinensis, Mannophryne cordilleriana ARTHROLEPTIDAE *Arthroleptis nikeae, *Arthroleptis troglodytes, *Cardioglossa trifasciata, *Leptopelis karissimbensis, *Leptopelis susanae, Arthroleptis discodactylus, Arthroleptis mossoensis, Arthroleptis vercammeni, Leptopelis brevipes BRACHYCEPHALIDAE Brachycephalus pernix, Ischnocnema gehrti, Ischnocnema holti BREVICIPITIDAE *Balebreviceps hillmani BUFONIDAE *Adenomus dasi, *Altiphrynoides malcolmi, *Andinophryne colomai, *Andinophryne olallai, *Atelopus angelito, *Atelopus arthuri, *Atelopus carbonerensis, *Atelopus chrysocorallus,
  • A Remarkable Ontogenetic Change in Color Pattern in a New Species of Oreophryne (Anura: Microhylidae) from Papua New Guinea

    A Remarkable Ontogenetic Change in Color Pattern in a New Species of Oreophryne (Anura: Microhylidae) from Papua New Guinea

    A Remarkable Ontogenetic Change in Color Pattern in a New Species of Oreophryne (Anura: Microhylidae) from Papua New Guinea Fred Kraus1 and Allen Allison1 Copeia 2009, No. 4, 690–697 A Remarkable Ontogenetic Change in Color Pattern in a New Species of Oreophryne (Anura: Microhylidae) from Papua New Guinea Fred Kraus1 and Allen Allison1 We describe a new species of scandent/arboreal frog from Sudest Island, Louisiade Archipelago, off the southeastern tip of New Guinea that exhibits a remarkable ontogenetic change in color pattern. Juveniles are shiny black with lemon- yellow spots; adults are uniform peach with bright blue eyes. We detail the ontogenetic changes in color-pattern elements that comprise this transformation. This ontogenetic change, uniform peach adult coloration, and blue iris all appear to be unique features within the genus Oreophryne, most of whose members are tan, brown, or gray. We presume the striking juvenile color pattern to serve an aposematic function, but this conjecture requires testing. The new species is restricted to a relatively small patch of cloud forest perched on the highest peak of Sudest Island. Climate change may pose a threat to the new species if changing rainfall or temperature regimes result in the loss of this forest. MONG frogs, ontogenetic changes in color pattern MATERIALS AND METHODS are generally of a modest nature. Hoffman and Specimens were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and Blouin (2000) noted that such changes have been A transferred to 70% ethanol for storage. All measurements observed for at least 39 species. However, most of these were made with digital calipers or an optical micrometer to instances involve darkening of animals with age or ontoge- the nearest 0.1 mm, with the exception that disc widths netic transitions between green and brown color states.