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Anaesthetic Vaporizer Interlock System and Connector for Anaesthetic Apparatus

Anaesthetic Vaporizer Interlock System and Connector for Anaesthetic Apparatus

Europaisches Patentamt 0 376 649 European Patent Office © Publication number: A2 Office europeen des brevets

EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION

© Application number: 89313517.8 © int. Cl.s: A61M 16/18

© Date of filing: 22.12.89

© Priority: 23.12.88 US 290484 © Applicant: Dentsply Limited Hamm Moor Lane Addlestone @ Date of publication of application: Weybridge Surrey KT15 2SE(GB) 04.07.90 Bulletin 90/27 © Inventor: Lancaster, Adrian © Designated Contracting States: 34 Station Road Topsham DE FR GB Exeter Devon EX3 ODS(GB) Inventor: Alderton, Peter W. 36 Lamb Park Chagford Devon(GB) Inventor: Quick, William T. 11 Forcefield Road Cullompton Devon EX15 1QB(GB)

© Representative: Woodcraft, David Charles et al BROOKES & MARTIN High Holborn House 52/54 High Holborn London, WC1V 6SE(GB)

© Anaesthetic vaporizer interlock system and connector for anaesthetic apparatus.

© An anaesthetic apparatus having a plurality of vaporizers is provided which utilizes an interlocking device which prevents more than one vaporizer from being activated at one time. The interlock device can be used with any number of vaporizers mounted side-by-side. The interlock device comprises a cam follower which is adapted to be received in a rotating cam which is used to activate the vaporizer. The M follower is connected to a pair of cranks which < cam activate pins which interact with pins on adjacent interlocking devices, when one of the interlocking devices is activated, thereby locking all the other CO vaporizers in a closed position. Also provided is a CO safety lock connector which is used for connecting r> CO hose to an anaesthesia apparatus. 40d 36 44 37/4I 38 ^3 47 48 46 80/ Q.

Xerox Copy Centre EP 0 376 649 A2

ANAESTHETIC VAPORIZER INTERLOCK SYSTEM AND CONNECTOR FOR ANAESTHETIC APPARATUS

The invention relates to anaesthesia machines vaporizer chamber for saturation by anaestnesia and more particularly to interlock devices for an- vapor. The flow which is saturated with the aesthesia machine vaporizers and locking devices vapor is then combined with the by-pass gas flow or connecting tubing to an anaesthesia machine. so that the gas leaves the vaporizer carrying a set Anaesthesia equipment typically consists of a 5 concentration of anaesthesia. The introduction of xolley on which are mounted cylinders containing the gas carrying anaesthesia vapor into the fresh nedical such as , air and nitrous- gas line is effected by an outlet valve under the 3xide and associated regulating valves. control of a separate on/off switch. A pair of rotary Anaesthetic agents such as halothane and cams and a pivoting lever are provided to serve as soflurane are commonly administered by passing ro an interlock to insure that the outlet of the vaporizer a carrier gas such as air or oxygen mixed with is opened when the rotary dial is adjusted to any nitrous-oxide through a vaporizer which contains particular setting and to prevent the adjustment dial the anaesthetic agent. from being rotated to any setting when the on/off Conventional anaesthesia apparatus or ma- switch is closed, thereby precluding any gas from chines commonly incorporate two or more separate is passing into the chamber when the vaporizers. Each vaporizer is arranged to dispense outlet of the vaporizer is closed. a metered amount of anaesthesia vapor into the Many such interlock systems provide an inter- patient or fresh gas line. These lock only between two vaporizers. vaporizers may contain different anaesthetic agents It is an object of this invention to provide an so that the same equipment can be used for a 20 improved interlock system which can be used with series of surgical operations to supply the particu- two or a plurality of vaporizers. lar anaesthetic agent desired. The arrangement of The present invention also relates to a safety more than one vaporizer on the same anaesthetic lock hose connector for use with the anaesthetic equipment does, however, lead to the possible risk apparatus of the invention. Typical hose connectors that more than one vaporizer could accidentally be 25 for anaesthetic breathing systems, for example, connected to the gas administration circuit at the comprise a tapered, hollow male member for inser- same time. In order to cope with this problem, tion into a correspondingly internally tapered fe- various interlock systems have been proposed in male member. The size and degree of taper of order to prevent more than one vaporizer being such connectors are covered by various national operated at the same time. For example, U.K. 30 and international standards. patent specifications Nos. 2052271 and 2193642 Commonly the male member is made of metal describe one such interlock system. While the in- (generally stainless steel) and the female member terlock arrangements described in these two patent is made of metal or of plastic material or, as specifications are satisfactory with the type of described in GB-A-1 396096, may comprise a metal "plug-in" vaporizers described in U.K. patent speci- 35 sleeve housed within a plastic housing. fication 1385670, there is at least one other widely One problem which can occur with such con- used system in use for connecting vaporizer units nectors is accidental disconnection and, clearly as to a gas administration circuit. There is, therefore, a can be appreciated, this can give rise to potentially need for a vaporizer interlock system which can be severe problems. It is an object of the present adapted for use with more than one type of gas 40 invention to provide a hose connector having a administration system. securing system serving to prevent accidental dis- While the construction of commercially avail- connection but allowing for simple and rapid inten- able vaporizers varies from manufacturer to manu- tional connection and disconnection. facturer, the most common type of vaporizer com- Accordingly, the invention comprises an inter- prises a canister including a reservoir of the an- 45 lock system for use with a plurality of vaporizers aesthesia, valve means and a rotatable dial coupled which, on activation of one of the vaporizers, pre- to the valve means for adjusting the valve means to vents activation of any number of vaporizers to the establish the vaporizer concentration levels. Such right or the left of the activated vaporizer. machines may include a rotary dial for adjusting The invention also provides a hose connector the opening of a valve in the vaporizer to divide the so comprising an externally tapered male connection tubu- gas flow in the vaporizer in accordance with the member and an internally tapered, generally dial setting. Part of the gas flow passes through a lar, female connection member in which the male by-pass, without entering the vaporizer chamber member is provided with a collar which defines, (where the anaesthetic is located), while the re- together with the male member, an annular recess maining portion of the gas flow passes through the for reception of the end of the female member, and

2 :P 0 376 649 A2 he inner wall of the collar defining the recess has imilar way to that aescriDea in u.rv raiem speci- it least one helical groove extending from the free ication 1385670. Alternatively, the mounting block snd of the collar towards the fixed end thereof: and nay incorporate conventional taper tubular connec- he female member is provided with one or more cr parts so that the vaporizer may be connected sxternal lugs or pins for engaging with the groove 5 lirectly to a gas supply circuit. n the collar. Also provided for use with the anaesthetic ma- The invention also provides an anaesthetic ap- rine of the invention is a quick connect locking jaratus in which hose is connected to the appara- levice for connecting hoses to the anaesthetic us by means of the connector of the invention. nachine. The quick connect locking connector An anaesthesia machine having a plurality of ro :omprises a male tapered connector having an 'aporizers for introducing a metered concentration ittached split collar attached to said apparatus, and attached )f vapor into a gas flow when opened is provided, 1 bayonet type female locking connector sach said vaporizer comprises rotatable adjustment 0 said breathing tube, said female connector hav- :am means for opening the vaporizer, establishing ng a locking ring adapted to engage said split he vapor concentration introduced thereby. Asso- 75 :ollar, said female connector having at least one ;iated with each vaporizer is an improved interlock ug affixed to its outer circumference adjacent to Jevice which prevents activation of the vaporizer he connector mouth, said split collar having at vhen another of the vaporizers is activated. The east one locking groove at a precise angle and nterlock device comprises a cam follower which Jimensions suitable to accommodate at least one sngages a notch in the rotatable adjustment cam, 20 ug on said female connector. said cam follower comprising one end of a sub- The split collar is adapted to be easily attached stantially Z shaped (first) sprung crank which is 0 existing anaesthetic apparatus. otatable about a first fixed pin, the distal end of FIG. 1 is a front elevational view of an an- said sprung crank being engaged in a slot in a first aesthesia machine. embodi- sliding bar; a second substantially T shaped crank 25 FIG. 2 is an illustration of sharing an laving a first end impinging on said sprung crank ment having three side by side vaporizers on an which is rotatable about a second fixed pin, the anaesthesia machine. distal end of said second crank being engaged in a FIG. 2a is a plan view showing a pair of slot in a second sliding bar; said first and second /aporizers mounted in plug-in fashion on a gas sliding bars having inboard ends which have abut- 30 supply bar of an . :ing contact with each other when the vaporizer is FIG. 2b is a side elevation of one vaporizer nactivated, and outboard ends which may have connected to a gas supply line having conventional abutting contact with the outboard ends of a similar taper connections. sliding bar on adjacent vaporizers. The cam follow- FIG. 2c is a perspective view of a single in 2b, from ers, by action with the cranks and the sliding bars 35 vaporizer similar to that shown Figure unit. cooperate with each other so that when the adjust- the rear quarter, but without an interlock ment cam means of the vaporizers are closed, one FIG. 3 is an illustration of an interlock sys- of the cam followers can be moved out of engage- tem associated with each vaporizer. ment with its associated notch by the mere rotation FIG. 4 is an illustration of the position of the of its associated adjustment cam means to open 40 working parts in the interlock system when the the vaporizer and establish any vapor concentra- vaporizer is activated. tion, while such rotation locks all the other cam FIG. 5 illustrates the affect of the interlock followers in position in engagement with its asso- system of an activated vaporizer on the interlock ciated notch to lock its associated adjustment cam system of a vaporizer to the right of said activated means closed. vaporizer. The invention also provides means for mount- FIG. 6 illustrates the affect of the interlock the interlock ing the interlock device on the apparatus. Accord- system of an activated vaporizer on left of said activated ingly, the interlock device is demountable and may system of a vaporizer to the be easily installed on existing anaesthetic appara- vaporizer. tus. 50 FIG. 7 illustrates an end view of a split collar The vaporizer body is preferably provided with of the invention. view of a platform portion which is adapted to receive a FIG. 8 illustrates a side, cutaway a mounting .block for connection to the gas supply split collar of the invention. circuit. Ports are provided in the platform for con- FIG. 9 illustrates a locking device for attach- nection with the interior of the vaporizer and for 55 ing a breathing tube to said anaesthetic machine. anaesthesia sealing the ports to corresponding ports in the Referring now to FIG. 1 an ma- two mounting block. The mounting block may be a unit chine 10 of the invention is illustrated having which is adapted to plug into a gas supply bar in a vaporizers 12. 5 EP 0 376 649 A2 >

With reference now to FIG 2, the relationship of of a body member having ports aligned with cor- /aporizers 12 is illustrated in an embodiment where responding connections in a platform part 98 of the nore than two vaporizers are used. body of the vaporizer. Tapered tubular connectors Referring now to FIGS. 2, 2a, 2b and 2c, and in 100 are provided on the mounting block for con- carticular to FIGS. 2a and 2b, the arrangement 5 nection to the adjacent vaporizer or to the next comprises vaporizers which are mounted in plug-in stage in the gas supply circuit. :ashion on a gas supply bar 84 of the kind de- FIG. 2c shows further features of the vaporizer scribed in British Patent Specification 2052271 which are generally conventional but indicates the As described in the above-mentioned Patent, connection of the vaporizer to the mounting block tubular ports 4a and 4b are upstanding on the gas to 96. A gauge 102 shows the degree by which the supply bar 84 and are received in corresponding vaporizer is open and is normally calibrated to give recesses in a housing 5. When the ports 4a and 4b a concentration of anaesthetic agent in the carrier are located in their corresponding recesses, the gas. The vaporizer is filled by adding liquid an- vaporizers may be locked in position on the supply aesthetic to the tray 104 and operating stopcock bar 84 by rotating the knob 6 to the position shown is 106. Sight tube 108 shows the amount of an- in the left-hand vaporizer. Carrier gas can be ad- aesthetic in the vaporizer. mitted into the vaporizers by rotating the cam dial With reference to FIG. 3 each of the vaporizers 22 of the vaporizers whereupon vapor will be 12a, 12b and 12c is of conventional internal con- passed, together with carrier gas from the vapor- struction coupled to a vapor concentration adjust- izer, through port 4b into the gas supply bar 84. 20 ment cam plate dial 22. Each vaporizer comprises This arrangement is essentially described in U.K. a canister 14 containing the anaesthesia vapor to Patents 1385670 and 2052271 be dispensed and the means for metering the In accordance with the invention, the vaporizers same into the gas line 100 of machine 10. The are also provided with an interlock unit whereby as concentration of the anaesthesia vapor provided by soon as one of the vaporizers is operated, it is 25 each of the vaporizers is determined by the setting impossible to admit carrier gas to an adjoining of the vapor concentration adjusting cam plate dial vaporizer. The interlock mechanism is located in a 22. As can be seen, each cam plate dial 22 is a unit 8 forming a web-like enclosure on each vapor- generally disk-shaped member having a circular, izer. Interlock units 8 include pins 9 and 10 which outer surface 18. The outer surface 18 include are arranged to come into contact with an adjoining 30 plural indicia 20 engraved thereon corresponding to pin 9 or 10 as soon as one vaporizer is operated. the vapor concentration provided by the vaporizer. Thus in the arrangement shown in Figure 2a, the The canister 14 includes an arrow or pointer indicia vaporizer on the left-hand side has been opened to 21 to indicate the particular vapor concentration the carrier gas by pressing the release button 92 setting as estab lished by the vaporizer. When the and turning the cam dial 22 in a clockwise direc- 35 zero mark of indicia 20 is aligned with the arrow tion. 21, the vaporizer is closed. The rotation of the cam With reference now to FIG. 2b, interlock unit 8 plate dial 22 counter-clockwise opens the vaporizer includes a cam follower 26 which engages in a to introduce vaporized gas into a patient breathing notch 24 in a rotating cam forming part of dial 22 circuit 52 (See FIGS. 1 and 9). The concentration of vaporizer 12. Because interlock unit 8 makes 40 level established by the setting of the cam plate direct contact with the rotating cam 22, it is largely dial 22 is displayed by the indicium 20 disposed independent of the remainder of the vaporizer op- opposite to pointer 21 . erating mechanism and can thus be made as a With reference now to FIGS 3 - 6, it will be demountable separate unit and conveniently in- noted that each cam plate dial 22 includes a re- stalled between the vaporizer and the connector 96 45 spective notch 24 in its circular peripheral surface for connecting the vaporizer to a supply of carrier 18. Notch 24 is adapted to receive cam follower 26 gas. of interlock device 80. Interlock device 80 com- Interlock unit 8 conveniently consists of a prises substantially Z shaped sprung crank 32, diecast housing holding the actuating mechanism which is rotatable around fixed pin 28, the first end which is screwed or otherwise fixed to the body of so of which comprises cam follower 26, and distal end the vaporizer. Because the interlock unit is essen- 44 of which is engaged in slot 37 of sliding bar 36; tially independent of the vaporizer operating substantially T shaped crank 34 which impinges on mechanism and occupies only a thin web-like sprung crank 32 at contact point 39, helping to housing, it can conveniently be installed between retain cam follower 26 in notch 24, and which the vaporizer body and the carrier gas mounting 55 rotates on fixed pin 30, distal end 48 of which is block, whether of the plug-in type or of the taper- engaged in slot 47 of sliding bar 46; and sliding connection type. In FIGS. 2b and 2c, in fact, the bars 36 and 46 which comprise inboard ends 41 connector 96 is of the taper joint type and consists and 43, respectively which have an abutting rela-

4 P 0 376 649 onship when the associated vaporizer is in an on ngnt ot vaporizer i

Dreathing tube to the anaesthetic apparatus. The in an emergency. safety lock hose connector 49 comprises a male While present embodiments of the invention nember 54 attached to anaesthetic apparatus 10 have been illustrated and described, it will be rec- as indicated at 100) and is provided with a split ognized by those skilled in the art that the present ing locking collar 62 attached thereto, the collar 62 5 invention may be otherwise variously embodied ind the outer surface of the male member together and practiced without departing from the scope of define an annular recess 64 and the inside wall 66 the following claims. 3f collar 62 is provided with a pair of helical or spiral grooves 68 extending from the free outer end 70 of the collar towards the fixed end 72 of the •o Claims collar. Tubular female member 58 having an inter- nally tapered portion (not shown) and connected to 1. Anaesthetic equipment which comprises a iexible hose 76 is adapted to mate with male plurality of vaporisers (12) and means for mounting member 54. The outer wall 78 of female member the vaporisers in gas administration apparatus in 58 is provided with lugs 86 for engagement in (5 juxtaposed position, each vaporiser having a con- groove 68 in collar 62. The safety lock connector trol valve for admitting a carrier gas to a vaporiser crovides metal to metal contact between the hose and said equipment including interlock means (8) and the machine, which helps prevent the build-up for ensuring that when the control valve on the cf static electricity, which potentially could cause a vaporiser is open, the control valve on an adjacent spark. io vaporiser cannot be opened, said interlock means In its operation, with reference to FIG. 9, fe- comprising a demountable unit (8) mounted on male member 58 is brought into contact with male each vaporiser body (14) having sensing means member 54 and loosely engaged therewith. Further (40) for detecting the condition of adjacent forward movement (by hand) of female member 58 vaporisers and having a locking member (26) which causes lugs 86 thereon to engage in the open ends 35 is engageable with operating means (22) for the c-f grooves 68 in collar 62. By rotating grip ring 60 control valve, to lock said operating means in a in a clockwise direction the lugs 86, guided by the closed position when the control valve on an adja- spiral locking groove 68, draw female member 58 cent vaporiser is opened. into further contact with male member 54 until the 2. Anaesthetic equipment as claimed in claim 1 two members lock to form a gas-tight seal. The 30 in which the vaporiser provided with a platform twisting motion imparted to the female connection portion (98) which is adapted to receive a mounting member by the locking ring grooves ensures good block (96) for connection to gas supply means. frictional lock between the two members. Axial and 3. Anaesthetic equipment as claimed in claim 2 radial movement of the female connector is pre- in which the interlock means (8) is located as a vented by the friction between lugs 86 and the 35 demountable unit between the vaporiser body (14) walls of groove 68. It should be noted that opera- and the mounting block (96). tion of the connector in accordance with the inven- 4. Anaesthetic equipment as claimed in any tion can simply be carried out as a one-handed one of the preceding claims in which the interlock operation as, indeed, can unlocking and disconnec- means comprises a pair of interengaging cranks tion of the connector which is simply affected by 40 (32,34) which are pivotally mounted in a housing, twisting the connector counter-clockwise by hand one of said cranks having a locking arm (26) which until lugs 86 are free to be pulled outwardly of is engagable in a recess (24) in its associated valve groove 68. This rotational motion breaks the friction operating means (22) so as to lock the valve in an between the two members and align lugs 86 with inoperative condition, the distal ends of said cranks the apertures in the forward face of collar 62. 45 being in contact with sensing means (42, 46 & 40, Since a key to the safety lock hose connector 36) for detecting the presence of an adjacent is the split ring locking collar, the safety lock can vaporiser, the arrangement being such that the be easily installed on existing anaesthetic ma- locking arm (26) is disengageable from the recess chines by merely installing the split ring locking (24) by turning the operating means to open the collar on the machine. so vaporiser valve but is prevented from doing so if Those skilled in the art will recognize that such one of said sensing means is in contact with cor- a locking device can be used anywhere on an responding sensing means of an adjacent vaporiser anaesthetic apparatus where a hose connection is 5. An interlock for preventing simultaneous made. opening of more than one vaporiser valve means of As is apparent from the discussion in the back- 55 anaesthetic equipment comprising a plurality of ground and in the description above, the locking vaporisers (12) each having valve means for con- mechanism of the invention provides a secure hose trolling admission of gas, the interlock of a connection which can be easily and disconnected vaporiser comprising two pivotally mounted cranks

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32,34) a locking arm (26) of a crank (J2) being ana an imenocK aeviue \o) ctoouoicuou mm ooui in- ngageable with the valve means so as to lock the vaporiser unit which comprises a back bar for alve means in a closed position, the distal ends suring that one of said vaporisers is rendered inop- U,4&) cranks (32,34) being in contact with sensing erative whenever one is opened, the improvement neans (36,46) for sensing the position of the valve 5 comprising an interlock device which comprises a dial leans the sensing means being movable between rotating cam plate (22) which acts as a control first position when the valve means are in an on said vaporiser to control the vapor concentration said (22) pen position, the arrangement being such that in provided by said vaporiser, cam plate to ise the sensing means are capable of abutting the having a peripheral notch (24) therein adapted said ensing means of an adjacent interlock of an adja- to receive a cam follower (26) for locking cam :ent vaporiser and when the sensing means of the plate (22) in position, said cam follower (26) being crank iterlock are in the second position moving the one end of a substantially Z shaped sprung fixed ;ensing means of the adjacent interlock to the first (32) which rotates about a first pin (28) said losition thereby preventing opening of the valve wherein rotation of said sprung crank (32) on said neans of the adjacent vaporiser. 15 first fixed pin (28) in a first direction causes 6. Anaesthetic equipment, comprising a plural- cam follower (26) to move from said notch (24) ty of vaporisers (12) and control means (22) for thereby permitting rotation of said cam plate (22), a crank :ontrolling carrier gas flow into tee vaporisers (12) second substantially T shaped (34) impinging second ind interlock means (8) for ensuring that when a on said sprung crank (32) wherein said :ontrol means (22) is in an operative position, the 20 crank (34) rotates on a second fixed pin (30), first and ;ontrol means (22) of an adjacent vaporiser (12) wherein the distal ends (44,48) of said in first :an not be opened, the interlock means of a second cranks (32,34) engage slots (37,47) in said 'aporiser being characterised by a pair of interen- and second sliding interlock bars (36,46) jaging pivotally mounted cranks (32,34), an arm back bar, said sliding bars (36,46) being spring in contact 26) of a crank (32) being movable between a first 25 loaded to maintain inboard ends thereof of said )osition where the arm engages the control means with each other, wherein rotation rotating first crank in o lock the control means in an inoperative position cam (22) causes rotation of said (32) second crank ind a second position where the control means is said first direction causing said (34) jnlocked, an arm (48) of the other crank (34) being to rotate in the opposite direction whereby the and second cranks sngagable with a crank of an adjacent vaporiser 30 distal ends (44,48) of said first second bars 12) such that when a crank is in a second position (32,34) cause said first and sliding similar cranks of adjacent vaporisers are in a first position. (36,46) to move apart and to impinge on with 7. Equipment as claimed in claim 6 wherein the interlock bars in adjacent vaporiser units an motion of control means (23) is provided with a recess (24) opposite relative motion, said opposite units sngagable in the first position by the crank arm 35 said sliding bar on adjacent vaporiser locking into notch in ;26). a cam follower associated therewith a unit, 8. Equipment as claimed in claim 6 or claim 7 the rotating cam of said adjacent vaporiser c-rovided with means for demountably securing the thereby preventing said vaporiser unit from being nterlock to the anaesthetic equipment. activated. 9. Equipment as claimed in any one of claims 40 13. A hose connector comprising an externally and inter- 3 to 8 wherein motion is transmittable between the tapered male connection member (54) an female connection cranks by slidable bars. nally tapered, general tubular male member (54) is 10. Equipment as claimed in claim 9 wherein at member (58), in which the which defines, least one end of the bars have adjustable exten- provided with a collar (62) together annular for sions (40a, 42a). 45 with the male member, an recess (64) member 11. Equipment as claimed in any one of the reception of the end of the female (58) of the collar defining the preceding claims wherein the crank (32) is resil- and the internal wall helical iency biased into the first position. recess (64) has at least one or spiral groove of the collar 12. In an anaesthetic apparatus having a plural- (68) extending from the free end (62) and the female ity of vaporisers (12a, 12b) mounted in side-by-side so towards the fixed end thereof, external relation, each arranged for introducing a metered member (58) is provided with one or more the (68) in concentration of vapor into a gas flow when lugs or pins (86) for engaging groove opened, each of said vaporisers (12a, 12b) com- the collar (62). for use in , prising rotatable adjustment means (22a, 22b) hav- 14. A hose connector first connector (54) and a first ing a dial for opening said vaporiser, establishing 55 comprising a tapered collar and a second connector (78) the vapor concentration introduced thereby and locking (62) to the first and closing said vaporiser, said vapor concentration having a taper complimentary taper collar for the first being adjustable by said rotable adjustment means, a second locking (60) engaging 13 EP 0 376 649 A2 14 collar (62), one of the connectors (54, 78)having a lug (86) for engaging a helical groove (68) of the collar (60, 62) of the other connector (78,54) . 15. A connector as claimed in claim 8 wherein the first connector (54) has a male taper and the first collar (62) has a helical groove (68).

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