Hip Hop Generations
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Derrick Bell: Godfather Provocateur André Douglas Pond Cummings University of Arkansas at Little Rock William H
University of Arkansas at Little Rock William H. Bowen School of Law Masthead Logo Bowen Law Repository: Scholarship & Archives Faculty Scholarship 2012 Derrick Bell: Godfather Provocateur andré douglas pond cummings University of Arkansas at little Rock William H. Bowen School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://lawrepository.ualr.edu/faculty_scholarship Part of the Judges Commons, Law and Race Commons, and the Legal Profession Commons Recommended Citation andré douglas pond cummings, Derrick Bell: Godfather Provocateur, 28 Harv. J. Racial & Ethnic Just. 51 (2012). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Bowen Law Repository: Scholarship & Archives. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Bowen Law Repository: Scholarship & Archives. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DERRICK BELL: GODFATHER PROVOCATEUR andrg douglas pond cummings* I. INTRODUCTION Professor Derrick Bell, the originator and founder of Critical Race The- ory, passed away on October 5, 2011. Professor Bell was 80 years old. Around the world he is considered a hero, mentor, friend and exemplar. Known as a creative innovator and agitator, Professor Bell often sacrificed his career in the name of principles and objectives, inspiring a generation of scholars of color and progressive lawyers everywhere.' Bell resigned a tenured position on the Harvard Law School faculty to protest Harvard's refusal to hire and tenure women of color onto its law school -
In Defense of Rap Music: Not Just Beats, Rhymes, Sex, and Violence
In Defense of Rap Music: Not Just Beats, Rhymes, Sex, and Violence THESIS Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Master of Arts Degree in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Crystal Joesell Radford, BA Graduate Program in Education The Ohio State University 2011 Thesis Committee: Professor Beverly Gordon, Advisor Professor Adrienne Dixson Copyrighted by Crystal Joesell Radford 2011 Abstract This study critically analyzes rap through an interdisciplinary framework. The study explains rap‟s socio-cultural history and it examines the multi-generational, classed, racialized, and gendered identities in rap. Rap music grew out of hip-hop culture, which has – in part – earned it a garnering of criticism of being too “violent,” “sexist,” and “noisy.” This criticism became especially pronounced with the emergence of the rap subgenre dubbed “gangsta rap” in the 1990s, which is particularly known for its sexist and violent content. Rap music, which captures the spirit of hip-hop culture, evolved in American inner cities in the early 1970s in the South Bronx at the wake of the Civil Rights, Black Nationalist, and Women‟s Liberation movements during a new technological revolution. During the 1970s and 80s, a series of sociopolitical conscious raps were launched, as young people of color found a cathartic means of expression by which to describe the conditions of the inner-city – a space largely constructed by those in power. Rap thrived under poverty, police repression, social policy, class, and gender relations (Baker, 1993; Boyd, 1997; Keyes, 2000, 2002; Perkins, 1996; Potter, 1995; Rose, 1994, 2008; Watkins, 1998). -
Williams, Hipness, Hybridity, and Neo-Bohemian Hip-Hop
HIPNESS, HYBRIDITY, AND “NEO-BOHEMIAN” HIP-HOP: RETHINKING EXISTENCE IN THE AFRICAN DIASPORA A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Maxwell Lewis Williams August 2020 © 2020 Maxwell Lewis Williams HIPNESS, HYBRIDITY, AND “NEO-BOHEMIAN” HIP-HOP: RETHINKING EXISTENCE IN THE AFRICAN DIASPORA Maxwell Lewis Williams Cornell University 2020 This dissertation theorizes a contemporary hip-hop genre that I call “neo-bohemian,” typified by rapper Kendrick Lamar and his collective, Black Hippy. I argue that, by reclaiming the origins of hipness as a set of hybridizing Black cultural responses to the experience of modernity, neo- bohemian rappers imagine and live out liberating ways of being beyond the West’s objectification and dehumanization of Blackness. In turn, I situate neo-bohemian hip-hop within a history of Black musical expression in the United States, Senegal, Mali, and South Africa to locate an “aesthetics of existence” in the African diaspora. By centering this aesthetics as a unifying component of these musical practices, I challenge top-down models of essential diasporic interconnection. Instead, I present diaspora as emerging primarily through comparable responses to experiences of paradigmatic racial violence, through which to imagine radical alternatives to our anti-Black global society. Overall, by rethinking the heuristic value of hipness as a musical and lived Black aesthetic, the project develops an innovative method for connecting the aesthetic and the social in music studies and Black studies, while offering original historical and musicological insights into Black metaphysics and studies of the African diaspora. -
Objectivity, Interdisciplinary Methodology, and Shared Authority
ABSTRACT HISTORY TATE. RACHANICE CANDY PATRICE B.A. EMORY UNIVERSITY, 1987 M.P.A. GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY, 1990 M.A. UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN- MILWAUKEE, 1995 “OUR ART ITSELF WAS OUR ACTIVISM”: ATLANTA’S NEIGHBORHOOD ARTS CENTER, 1975-1990 Committee Chair: Richard Allen Morton. Ph.D. Dissertation dated May 2012 This cultural history study examined Atlanta’s Neighborhood Arts Center (NAC), which existed from 1975 to 1990, as an example of black cultural politics in the South. As a Black Arts Movement (BAM) institution, this regional expression has been missing from academic discussions of the period. The study investigated the multidisciplinary programming that was created to fulfill its motto of “Art for People’s Sake.” The five themes developed from the program research included: 1) the NAC represented the juxtaposition between the individual and the community, local and national; 2) the NAC reached out and extended the arts to the masses, rather than just focusing on the black middle class and white supporters; 3) the NAC was distinctive in space and location; 4) the NAC seemed to provide more opportunities for women artists than traditional BAM organizations; and 5) the NAC had a specific mission to elevate the social and political consciousness of black people. In addition to placing the Neighborhood Arts Center among the regional branches of the BAM family tree, using the programmatic findings, this research analyzed three themes found to be present in the black cultural politics of Atlanta which made for the center’s unique grassroots contributions to the movement. The themes centered on a history of politics, racial issues, and class dynamics. -
You Know My Steez
1. INTRODUCTION: YOU KNOW MY STEEZ My style be wilder than a kamikaze pilot Don’t try it, I’m about to start more than a friggin’ riot Style’s unsurpassable . For I be speakin from my parables and carry you beyond The mic’s either a magic wand Or it gets tragic like the havoc of a nuclear bomb . Phat beats, they play on Want dope rhymes, put me on Word is bond . You know my steez —Guru, “You Know My Steez,” 1998 My style’s incognito I’m sharper than a razor blade dressed up in a black tuxedo Word to Reggie Noble, and to Shaq Forget Schwarzenegger, I’ll be back You know my steelo . You know my style, you know my steelo. You know my style, you know my steelo —E. Sermon, “My Style, My Steelo,” 1994 It’s necessary, we styles in Burburry And our walk is mean in them Frankie B. jeans bwoy Its necessary, we stays in Burburry And a Mark Jacob bag and a H-Tod shoe (Whooooo!) —Foxy Brown, “Stylin,” 2002 I mean, for like, to be cool, to be labeled Hip Hop and like in that category, you have to, for boys, it’s like the whole sag thing. You can’t have your pants all the way up here like Alonzo! [laughter] . He has his pants way up here with the belt and he’s like . like how Bilal and Careem have their pants right now, like here, saggin a little is cool, but you’re labeled like a square if you have 1 DownloadedPADS89.01.Chap1.indd from http://read.dukeupress.edu/pads/article-pdf/89/1/1/452189/PADS89.01.Chap1.pdf1 1/21/2005, 4:32 PM by guest on 28 September 2021 2 pads 89: you know my steez your pants like here [high on your waist] and they’re tight . -
Rose, T. Prophets of Rage: Rap Music & the Politics of Black Cultural
Information Services & Systems Digital Course Packs Rose, T. Prophets of Rage: Rap Music & the Politics of Black Cultural Expression. In: T.Rose, Black noise : rap music and black culture in contemporary America. Hanover, University Press of New England, 1994, pp. 99-145. 7AAYCC23 - Youth Subcultures Copyright notice This Digital Copy and any digital or printed copy supplied to or made by you under the terms of this Staff and students of King's College London are Licence are for use in connection with this Course of reminded that copyright subsists in this extract and the Study. You may retain such copies after the end of the work from which it was taken. This Digital Copy has course, but strictly for your own personal use. All copies been made under the terms of a CLA licence which (including electronic copies) shall include this Copyright allows you to: Notice and shall be destroyed and/or deleted if and when required by King's College London. access and download a copy print out a copy Except as provided for by copyright law, no further copying, storage or distribution (including by e-mail) is Please note that this material is for use permitted without the consent of the copyright holder. ONLY by students registered on the course of study as stated in the section above. All The author (which term includes artists and other visual other staff and students are only entitled to creators) has moral rights in the work and neither staff browse the material and should not nor students may cause, or permit, the distortion, mutilation or other modification of the work, or any download and/or print out a copy. -
Death Row Records
The New Kings of Hip-Hop Death Row Records “You are now about to witness the strength of street knowledge.” —N.W.A. Contents Letter from the Director ................................................................................................... 4 Mandate .......................................................................................................................... 5 Background ...................................................................................................................... 7 Topics for Discussion ..................................................................................................... 10 East Coast vs. West Coast .................................................................................... 10 Internal Struggles................................................................................................. 11 Turmoil in Los Angeles ........................................................................................ 12 Positions ........................................................................................................................ 14 Letter from the Director Dear Delegates, Welcome to WUMUNS XII! I am a part of the class of 2022 here at Washington University in St. Louis, and I’ll be serving as your director. Though I haven’t officially declared a major yet, I’m planning on double majoring in political science and finance. I’ve been involved with Model UN since my freshman year of high school, and I have been an active participant ever since. I am also involved -
BROWNOUT Fear of a Brown Planet COOP AVAILABLE SHIPPING with PROMO POSTER
BROWNOUT Fear Of A Brown Planet COOP AVAILABLE SHIPPING WITH PROMO POSTER KEY SELLING POINTS • Billboard premier: Brownout Delivers Funky Cover of Public Enemy’s ‘Fight the Power’ • Fear Of A Brown Planet follows The Elmatic Instrumentals and Enter The 37th Chamber in Fat Beats Records heralded stream of instrumental takes of hip hop classics • Brownout has released past albums with Ubiquity Records (Brown Sabbath) and enjoyed a stint backing the late legend Prince • Tour dates planned for the summer of 2018 DESCRIPTION ARTIST: Brownout Twenty-eight years ago, pissed-off 12-year-olds around the universe discovered TITLE: Fear Of A Brown Planet a new planet, a Black Planet. Public Enemy’s aggressive, Benihana beats and incendiary lyrics instilled fear among parents and teachers everywhere, even CATALOG: L-FB5185 / CD-FB5185 in the border town of Laredo, Texas, home of the future founders of the Latin- Funk-Soul-Breaks super group, Brownout. The band’s sixth full-length album LABEL: Fat Beats Records Fear of a Brown Planet is a musical manifesto inspired by Public Enemy’s GENRE: Psych-Funk/Hip-Hop music and revolutionary spirit. BARCODE: 659123518512 / 659123518529 Chuck D., the Bomb Squad, Flava Flav and the rest of the P.E. posse couldn’t possibly have expected that their golden-era hip hop albums would sow the FORMAT: LP / CD seeds for countless Public Enemy sleeper cells, one that would emerge nearly HOME MARKET: Austin, Texas three decades later in Austin, Texas. Greg Gonzalez (bass) remembers a kid back in junior high hipped him to the fact that Public Enemy’s “Bring the Noise” RELEASE: 5/25/2018 is built on James Brown samples, while a teenaged Beto Martinez (guitar) $17.98 / CH / $9.98 / AH alternated between metal and hip-hop in his walk-man, and Adrian Quesada LIST PRICE: (guitar/keys) remembers falling in love with Public Enemy’s sound at an early CASE QTY: LP 30 / CD 200/1 age. -
The Role of Radicalism in African-American Protest Music
“WE’D RATHER DIE ON OUR FEET THAN BE LIVIN’ ON OUR KNEES” THE ROLE OF RADICALISM IN AFRICAN-AMERICAN PROTEST MUSIC, 1960 – 1990: A CASE STUDY AND LYRICAL ANALYSIS Master’s Thesis in North American Studies Leiden University By Roos Fransen 1747045 10 June 2018 Supervisor: Dr. S.A. Polak Second reader: Dr. M.L. de Vries Contents Introduction 3 Chapter 1: Nina Simone and calling out racism 12 Chapter 2: James Brown, black emancipation and self-pride 27 Chapter 3: Public Enemy, black militancy and distrust of government and 40 media Conclusion 52 Works cited 56 2 Introduction The social importance of African-American music originates in the arrival of African slaves on the North American continent. The captured Africans transported to the British colonial area that would later become the United States came from a variety of ethnic groups with a long history of distinct and cultivated musical traditions. New musical forms came into existence, influenced by Christianity, yet strongly maintaining African cultural traditions. One of the most widespread early musical forms among enslaved Africans was the spiritual. Combining Christian hymns and African rhythms, spirituals became a distinctly African- American response to conditions on the plantations slaves were forced to work1. They expressed the slaves’ longing for spiritual and physical freedom, for safety from harm and evil, and for relief from the hardships of slavery. Many enslaved people were touched by the metaphorical language of the Bible, identifying for example with the oppressed Israelites of the Old Testament, as this spiritual Go Down Moses illustrates: Go down, Moses Way down in Egypt's land Tell old Pharaoh Let my people go2 The spiritual is inspired by Exodus 8:1, a verse in the Old Testament. -
Rap & Hip-Hop Music Video &
Rap & Hip-Hop Music Video & Concerts: Public Enemy - It Takes a Nati... http://superbrap.blogspot.com/2008/12/public-enemy-it-takes-nation-lond... SEARCH BLOG FLAG BLOG Next Blog» Create Blog | Sign In RAP & HIP-HOP MUSIC VIDEO & CONCERTS MONDAY, DECEMBER 15, 2008 Public Enemy - It Takes a Nation: London Invasion 1987 Public Enemy - It Takes a Nation: London Invasion 1987 [2005] [DVD] Starring : Public Enemy Studio : Mvd Visual Format : Closed-captioned, Color, DVD-Video, Live, NTSC Aspect Ratio : 1.33:1 Run Time : 60 minutes Rating : NR (Not Rated) Check out and follow Public Enemy on their very first embarkment upon the Euro-UK shores during the Def Jam tour of 1987. Thatcher was Prime Minister, Nelson Mandela was still in a South African prison, Reagan was US president, the Wall was still up and Before they released It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back , Public Enemy invaded London as part of the Def Jam '87 Tour (along with L.L. Cool J and Eric B. & Rakim). The landmark recording that followed incorporates a number of concert excerpts, including, "London, England, consider yourself warned," "I like that from the people up top," and "Bass for your face, London." In case you ever wondered where those snippets came from, London Invasion '87 is the answer. Along with their exhortations to the Hammersmith Odeon's capacity crowd, this 48-minute film features live performances of early hits, like "My Uzi Weighs a Ton" ( Yo! Bum Rush the Show ), and soon-to-be-classics, like "Bring the Noise," along with backstage banter from Chuck D, Flavor Flav, and Professor Griff. -
Music Trivia Questions Vii
MUSIC TRIVIA QUESTIONS VII ( www.TriviaChamp.com ) 1> Chuck D, Professor Griff and DJ Lord are all members of which rap band? a. Public Enemy b. DMX c. De La Soul d. E-40 2> Music is broken into district periods or eras. Which period follows the baroque era? a. Renaissance b. Classical c. Romantic d. Medieval 3> In a traditional theatre or opera house, what do you call the area where the orchestra sits? a. The lower tier b. The Pit c. The Green room d. The orchestra box 4> Joan Baez is often classed as which kind of musician? a. Folk b. Classical c. Punk d. Romantic 5> When did MTV go on the air? a. 2000 b. 1995 c. 1981 d. 2005 6> The flute belongs to which family of instruments? a. Brass b. String c. Woodwind d. Percussion 7> Tom Sawyer became a megahit for which band? a. Cheap Trick b. Aerosmith c. Rush d. Styx 8> Which decade is sometimes referred to as the Jazz Age? a. The Thirties b. The Twenties c. The Fifties d. The Eighties 9> Which composer is known to have made daily visits to the Red Hedgehog Tavern? a. Schubert b. Bach c. Brahms d. Chopin 10> Which of these men was a noted Jazz pianist? a. Archie Shepp b. Count Basie c. Ricky Ford d. Hal Stein 11> The magazine Rolling Stone is based in which country? a. Great Britain b. Canada c. United States d. Australia 12> Folk metal often involves traditional instruments. Which of these folk metal bands includes the bagpipes? a. -
“Straight Outta Compton”—NWA (1988)
“Straight Outta Compton”—N.W.A (1988) Added to the National Registry: 2016 Essay by Ben Westhoff (guest post)* “Straight Outta Compton” LP N..W.A Gangsta rap existed before “Straight Outta Compton,” but N.W.A’s landmark 1988 album popularized the genre and serves as its standard bearer even today. The mythology of the artists behind its creation also continues to loom large: Eazy-E, the Compton crack dealer who used his profits to finance a hip-hop career; Dr. Dre, his neighbor who’d most recently been DJ-ing in flamboyant, sequined outfits for a song-and-dance group; Ice Cube, the ostentatious high school rapper from South Central Los Angeles whose writing gifts matched his aggressive delivery. But it was the characters they imagined--both militarized street kids sick of being humiliated by the cops and brash punks on the hunt for sex and cheap booze--that shaped the album, marching in time to Dr. Dre’s assault of chopped samples, wailing sirens, guitar riffs, and rapid drum machine beats, all of it more tuneful than it sounds on paper. Rounded out by the group’s other firebrand rapper, MC Ren, Dr. Dre’s production partner, MC Yella, and electro-rap holdover Arabian Prince--not to mention hugely influential ghostwriter D.O.C.--N.W.A reshaped hip-hop music in their own image. They called it “reality rap,” but in the beginning it was far from clear that N.W.A would rap unvarnished lyrics threatening the status quo. Dr. Dre and Ice Cube’s earlier music disparaged the gang lifestyle, and just about everyone in the group admired Prince.