Back Rank Mates. Cuuuuuuuuc (Wdw4wdkd

Back Rank Mates. The ultimate goal in chess is to deliver Checkmate. We will study some typical mating attacks on the 1st & 8th rows. cuuuuuuuuC #1a Black to move. (wdw4wdkd} He can't resist the double attack and checks White. 1...¼d1+?! 7dwdwdp0p} Note that White can hide his ¾ on the square h2. This escape 6wdndwdwd} square is called a 'flight square' . 2.¾h2 5dwdwdwdw} Black should provide some breathing room to his ¾ with 2...h6! &wdwdwdwd} but instead greedily captures the º. 2...¼xc1?? 3dwdw$wdP} Black falls for a Back Rank Mate.

2wdwdw)Pd} %dwGwdwIw} v,./9EFJMV cuuuuuuuuC (wdwdwdkd} #1b (After 2...¼xc1??) White to move. 3 conditions have to be met for the back row tactic to be successful: 7dwdwdp0p} ¥ The ¾ is exposed to an attack by a ¼ (½) on the 8th (1st) rank. 6wdndwdwd} ¥ The ¾ has no flight square on the 7th (2nd) row. ¥ The ¾ has no defenders. 5dwdwdwdw} All conditions are met so White mates with .... 3.¼e8#! &wdwdwdwd} Back row mate! 3dwdw$wdP}

2wdwdw)PI} %dw4wdwdw}

v,./9EFJMV cuuuuuuuuC #2. White to move. (wdqdwdkd} White's ½ is attacked and Black also treatens a Back Rank Mate. White turns the tables with a cute tactic. White notices that the Black ½ is overloaded: 7dwdwdp0p} she defends the back row AND the Black ¼. White exploits the overload 6wdr!wdwd} with a back rank combination. 1.½xc6!! ½xc6? 5dwdwdwdw} Black should not take the ½. 2.¼b8+! ½e8 3.¼xe8#! &wdwdwdwd} 1-0 3dwdwdwdw}

2w$wdw)P)} %dwdwdwIw} v,./9EFJMV

1 © Marc Leski, Academic Chess 1995

cuuuuuuuuC #3 Black to move. (wdw4wdwi} White's 1st rank is poorly guarded, but the invasion square d1 is firmly controlled by White. Black understands that White's ½b3 and ¼b1 guard d1. 7dw$wdp0w} Black destroys White's defensive setup with ... 6wdwdwdw0} 1...¼b2!! Black wins material or mates. The ½ is under attack but the ¼ is 'taboo', e.g. 5dwdwdwdw} 2.¼xb2? ½d1+ 3.Qxd1 ¼xd1# White gets mated after 2.Rxb2? Let's return to the position after ...¼b2!! &wdwdwdwd} White does not fare any better with 2.½xb2? for the same reason: 3dQdwdwdw} 2.½xb2? ½d1+! More elegant that 2...¼d1+ 2rdwdq)P)} 3.¼xd1 ¼xd1# %dRdwdwdK} 0-1 v,./9EFJMV cuuuuuuuuC #4a Black to move. (rdwdw4kd} Black plays the simple capture.... 1...exf3! 7dpdRdw0p} White should play 2.¼xf3! with excellent drawing chances because 6wgwdwdwd} of the advanced ¹s on the ½side, but oblivious to the danger on his Back Row, White plays the naive capture ... 5dw)wdwdw} 2.cxb6?? &w)wdpdwd}

3dwdwdNdw}

2wdwdwdP)} %dwdwdRIw}

v,./9EFJMV

cuuuuuuuuC #4b (After 2.cxb6??) Black to move. (rdwdw4kd} Black finds a pretty way to invade White's 1st row. 2...f2+! 7dpdRdw0p} White can't capture the ¹ e.g. 3.¼xf2?? ¼a1+ 6w)wdwdwd} when White can only delay the inevitable.back row mate 4.¼d1 ¼xd1+ 5.¼f1 ¼dxf1# 5dwdwdwdw} 3.¾h1! The ¹ is firmly blockaded on f2 or so White believes. &w)wdwdwd} 3dwdwdpdw}

2wdwdwdP)} %dwdwdRIw}

v,./9EFJMV cuuuuuuuuC #4c (After 3.¾h1!) Black to move. (rdwdw4kd} It would appear that White is completely safe 3...¼a1!! 7dpdRdw0p} Not so, this Promotion tric underlines White's shaky control of the 1st rank. 6w)wdwdwd} 4.¼7d1! White realizes too late the weakness of the 1st row, he would be mated one 5dwdwdwdw} move sooner with 4.¼xa1?? f1/½+ 4...¼xd1! 5.¼xd1 f1/¼+!? &w)wdwdwd} The ¼ works fine for back row mates! 3dwdwdwdw} 6.¼xf1 ¼xf1# Ù 2wdwdw0P)} %dwdwdRdK} v,./9EFJMV

2 © Marc Leski, Academic Chess 1995

cuuuuuuuuC #5 Black to move. (wdwdw4kd} White's initiative on the ½side looks dangerous but the weakness of the 1st rank allows Black to turn the tables. 7dw0wdwgp} 1...ºh6!! The control of f2 gives access to f1! e.g 2.ºxh6? ½f2+! 3.¾h1 ½f1+! 4.¼xf1 ¼xf1# 6p0w0wdpd} The poor ºe3 has no safe retrat so White defends it .... 2.¼e1 ¼f1+!! 5dw)P0wdw} Black wins also with the prosaic 2...ºxe3+ 3.½xe3 ¼f1+ but the text is flashier! 3.¼xf1 Bxe3+ &w)wdPdwd} White must give up the ½ or get mated. 3)w!wGwdw} 4.½xe3! ½xe3+ 5.¾h1 ½xe4 Ù 2wdwdqdP)} %dw$wdwIw} v,./9EFJMV cuuuuuuuuC #6 White to move. (wdwdr4kd} Both ½s are 'en prise' (French, litterally 'in take'). 1.½xe8! 70pdwdp0p} After 1...¼xe8 Black's own ½ is hung. 6wdndwdwd} 1...½xh5?? Black can't imagine that his Back Row is weak but White's 5dwdNdwdR} next move brings him back to reality! &wdwdwdw1} 2.»e7+!! White clears the d-file for his ¼ and obstructs the flight square e7. 3dwdwdwdw} 2...»xe7 Black must take since 2...¾h8?? allows 3.½xf8# 2P)wdQdP)} 3.½xf8+!! ½xf8 4.¼d8# %dwdRdwdK} Ø

v,./9EFJMV

cuuuuuuuuC #7a White to move. (wiw4wdwd} Eager to show his knowledge on back row mates, White falls for a very subtle trap. 1.½d4?? White attacks both ¼s and the ¹h4, he only expects some mistakes by Black, e.g. 70p0wdw4w} 1...¼xd4?? 2.¼e8+ ¼d8 3.¼xd8# or 6wdwdwdwd} 1...¼gd7?? 2.½xd7! ¼xd7 3.¼e8+ ¼d8 4.¼xd8# or 1....¼dg8?? 2.½xg7 ¼xg7 3.¼e8# 5dwdwdwdw} White expects Black to defend passively and cover the back rank with 1...¼7g8? when White wins a ¹ with 2.½xh4 &wdwdwdw0} White realized correctly that Black needed to cover the 8th rank, but what White missed is 3dwdw!wdw} that Black has a much better way than 1...¼7g8? An active defense grants him control of e8.

2wdqdw)P)} %dRdw$wIw}

v,./9EFJMV cuuuuuuuuC #7b Black to move (After 1.½d4??) (wiw4wdwd} 1...¼xg2+!! White's 1.½d4?? is based on the fact that the ¼d8 is tied down to the defense 70p0wdw4w} of the invasion square e8. The ¼ sacrifice is designed to allow the Black ½ 6wdwdwdwd} to take control of the invasion square e8 with tempo e.g. 2.¾xg2?? ½g6+! 5dwdwdwdw} From g6 the Black ½ checks AND stops the White ¼ from penetrating on e8. 3.¾f1 ¼xd4! &wdw!wdw0} Since e8 is covered, Black can safely capture the ½. 3dwdwdwdw} Black wins.

2wdqdw)P)} %dRdw$wIw} v,./9EFJMV

3 © Marc Leski, Academic Chess 1995

cuuuuuuuuC (wiw4wdwd} #7c Black to move (After 1...¼xg2+!!) White could do better than 2.¾xg2?? , lets go back to this critical position. 70p0wdwdw} White can try 2 other moves: 2.Kf1? and 2.Kh1! Let's study them in order: 6wdwdwdwd} if 2.¾f1? ¼g1+!! Black wants to check on g6 with the ½ 5dwdwdwdw} 3.¾xg1 ½g6+! Black captures the ½ next with 4...¼xd4(!) &wdw!wdw0} so 2.¾f1? doesn't work either. 3dwdwdwdw}

2wdqdw)r)} %dRdw$wIw} v,./9EFJMV cuuuuuuuuC (wiw4wdwd} #7d Black to move (After 2.¾h1! ) Let's see White's most resilient attempt. 70p0wdwdw} 2.¾h1! ¼g1+!! 6wdwdwdwd} This thematic ¼ sacrifice creates an invisible tie between Black's back row and the White ¾. 5dwdwdwdw} 3.¼xg1! Of course 3.¾xg1?? loses to 3...Qg6+! 3...½c6+! 3...¼xd4 loses to the ritual 4.¼g8+ &wdw!wdw0} 4.f3 Just a delaying move. 3dwdwdwdw} 4...½xf3+ White has to walk into a Pin 5.¼g2 2wdqdw)r)} Finally, Black can safely capture the ½. %dRdw$wdK} 5...¼xd4 White resigns. Ù v,./9EFJMV

cuuuuuuuuC #8a White to move. (b4wdwdkd} In this late middlegame White is the exchange up (difference between a ¼ and a Minor Piece). Black's back rank is weak but the invasion square e8 is well guarded by Black's ½ 7dwdw!p0p} and ¼. 6wdwdwdwd} Let's first consider 1.¼a5?? Not a true sacrifice since 1...½xa5?? loses to ½e8+! ¼xe8 3.¼xe8# 5dw$wdwdw} Black can do much better with 1...½c6! &qdwdwdwd} A perfect example of active defense. Black defends e8 and threatens mate along the white squared diagonal a8-h1 on g2 or h1. 3dwdwdw)w} 2.¼a6?? White should take on a8 instead. 2...½g2#Ù 2wdwdw)w)} Let's go back to the position before 1.¼a5?? and see the correct continuation of the attack. %dwdw$wIw} White has to find some way to deflect those pieces away from the defense of the square e8.

v,./9EFJMV

4 © Marc Leski, Academic Chess 1995

cuuuuuuuuC (b4wdwdkd} #8b White to move. 1.¼c4!! White attacks the Black ½ AND prevents the counter-attack 7dwdw!p0p} 1...½c6 at the same time. Of course 1...½xc4?? is impossible: 2.½e8+! ¼xe8 6wdwdwdwd} 3.¼xe8# 1...½b5! 5dw$wdwdw} Black has no other safe square for the ½ to defend e8. 2.¼b4!! &qdwdwdwd} The final deflection. 3dwdwdw)w} 2...Qxb4 What else? Black also hopes for the automatic 3.½e8+??¼xe8 4.¼xe8+ ½f8! 5.¼xf8+ ¾xf8 A º up, Black wins. Of course White has a 2wdwdw)w)} much better move than 3.½e8+?? %dwdw$wIw} 3.½xb4! ¼xb4?? Black should not take the ½. 4.¼e8# 1-0

v,./9EFJMV

uuuuuuuuC #9. Black to move. (wdrdw4kd} Black's initial move weakens White's control of the 1st row. 1...ºxf3! White can't recapture with the Pawn because of a ½ Á! e.g. 2.gxf3?? ¼xc1+! 70wdw$pgp} 3.¼xc1 ½g5+! 2.½xf3 The back rank appears to be correctly defended but 6w0wdwdpd} Black's next move points out the problem. 2...½xa2!! Black wants to invade on c1! For example 3.¼xa2?? fails ¼xc1+ 5dwdqdwdw} 4.½d1 ¼xd1+ 5.¼e1 ¼xe1# 3.¼xa7?? loses for the same reason e.g. 3...½xa7 4.¼xa7 ¼xc1+ White tries an other move to save the ¼a1 &wdwdwdbd} 3.½a3 ½xa3! 3dwdwdNdw} The Pin on the b-Pawn pays off. 4.bxa3 ºxa1! 2P)wdQ)P)} A ¼ down White resigns. %$wGwdwIw} Ù

v,./9EFJMV

cuuuuuuuuC #10a White to move. (wdrdrdkd} Let's watch some fireworks to conclude this lesson on the Back Row Mates! White to move. Black's ¼ e8 is defended by the ½ d7 and the 7dpdqdp0p} ¼c8. 6wdwdwgwd} White initiates some spectacular series of deflection sacrifices with a ½ offer. 50wdPdwdw} 1.½g4!! Of course the ½ can't be captured because of the Back Rank Mate. &wdw!wdwd} 1...½b5! 3dwdwdNdw} The only available way to keep on defending the ¼ e8. Note that Black threatens a counter-attack against White's own back row! 2P)wdR)P)} For example on the natural ¹ attack 2.a4?? Black turns the tables! %dwdw$wIw} 2.a4?? ½xe2! 3.¼xe2 ¼c1+ 4.»e1 ¼xe1+! 5.¼xe1 ¼xe1# White can do much better than 2.a4?? v,./9EFJMV

5 © Marc Leski, Academic Chess 1995

cuuuuuuuuC #10b (After 1...½b5!) White to move (wdrdrdkd} White can stop 2...½xe2 and threaten Black's defensive setup with a new ½ sacrifice! 7dpdwdp0p} 2.½c4!! 6wdwdwgwd} Note that the White ½ is immune on c4. 2...½d7! 50qdPdwdw} Black hangs in there!

&wdwdwdQd} 3dwdwdNdw}

2P)wdR)P)} %dwdw$wIw}

v,./9EFJMV cuuuuuuuuC (wdrdrdkd} #10c (After 2...½d7!) White to move 3.½c7!! 7dpdqdp0p} The third ½ offer. 6wdwdwgwd} 3...½b5! Black is ready to meet 4.½xb7?? with ½xe2! 50wdPdwdw} 4.a4! The ½ hunt goes on! Black must take the Pawn since the capture &wdQdwdwd} 4...½xe2?? leads nowhere e.g. 5.¼xe2 when Black still has an annoying back 3dwdwdNdw} rank pain! So let's returnto the position after 4.a4!

2P)wdR)P)} %dwdw$wIw}

v,./9EFJMV cuuuuuuuuC (wdrdrdkd} #10d (After 4...½xa4!) White to move Black's only way to stay in contact with e8. 7dp!wdp0p} 5.¼e4!! 6wdwdwgwd} Black's main weapon in the preceding variations was the counter sacrifice ...½xe2, so White vacates e2 with gain of time! Black has no time 50wdPdwdw} to give 'luft' (German for 'air') to the ¾ing e.g. 5...h6?? 6.½xc8! ¼xc8 7.¼xa4 When White is a ¼ up.Black must retreat with the ½ again. &qdwdwdwd} 5...½b5! 6.½xb7!! 3dwdwdNdw} By this, the fourth offer of the ½, her rival is denied access to all the intercepting squares (d7, c6, b5, a4). 2w)wdR)P)} Black resigns. %dwdw$wIw} Ù v,./9EFJMV Test on back rank mates.

cuuuuuuuuC cuuuuuuuuC cuuuuuuuuC (wdw4wdkd} (wdwdwdkd} (qdrdwdkd} 7dwdwdp0p} 7dwdwdp0w} 7dwdwdpdp} 6wdwdwdwd} 6pdwdwdw0} 6wdw)w!pd} 5dwdwdwdw} 5dpdwdwdw} 5dwdwdwdw} &wdwdwdwd} &wdwdwdwd} &wdwdwdwd} 3dwdw$wdw} 3dwdwdwdw} 3dwdwdwdw} 2wdwdw)P)} 2P)PdrdP)} 2wGwdw)P)} %dwdwdwKw} %dwIRdwdw} %dwdwdwIw} v,./9EFJMV v,./9EFJMV v,./9EFJMV

#1 Can Black mate? (Y/N) #2. Can White mate? (Y/N) #3. Can Black mate (Y?N)

cuuuuuuuuC cuuuuuuuuC cuuuuuuuuC (wiwdwdwd} (wdwdrdkd} (wdw4wdkd} 70p0qdwdp} 7dwdwdp0p} 70wdwdp0p} 6wdw0w4wd} 6wdwdwdwd} 6wdwdwdwd} 5dwdwdwdw} 5!wdwdwdw} 5dwdwdwdw} &wdwdwdwd} &wdrdwdwd} &qdwdwdwd} 3dwdwdw!w} 3dwdwdwdw} 3dwdwdw!w} 2P)Pdwdw)} 2wdwdq)P)} 2P)w0w)P)} %dKdw$wdw} %GRdwdwIw} %dwdRdwIw} v,./9EFJMV v,./9EFJMV v,./9EFJMV #4. White to move. #5 Black to move. #6 White to move. (A) 1.½g8+ (B) 1.½g7 (C) 1.¼e7 (A) 1...¼a4 (B) 1...¼c5 Can White play 1.¼xd2 safely? (Y/N)

cuuuuuuuuC cuuuuuuuuC cuuuuuuuuC (wdwdwdkd} (wdwdrdkd} (wdw4wdkd} 7dwdwdp0p} 70wdwdp0p} 7dwdwdp0p} 6qdwdwdwd} 6wdwdwdwd} 6Qdwdwdwd} 5dwdw!wdw} 51wdwdwdw} 5dwdwdwdw} &wdwdwdwd} &wdwdwdwd} &wdwdwdwd} 3dwdwdwdw} 3dwdQdwdw} 3dwdwdwdw} 2Pdwdw)P)} 2P)wdp)P)} 2wdwdN)P)} %dr$r$wdK} %dwdw$wIw} %dwdqdRIw} v,./9EFJMV v,./9EFJMV v,./9EFJMV #7. Black to move. #8. White to move. #9. Black to move (A) 1...¼xe1+ (B) 1...¼dxc1 Can White play 1.¼xe2 safely? (Y/N) Can Black force Checkmate? (Y/N) (C) 1...¼bxc1 (D) 1....½f1+

Exercises on back rank mates. ------

cuuuuuuuuC cuuuuuuuuC cuuuuuuuuC (wdwdwdkd} (wdwgw4kd} (wdr4wdkd} 7dwdrdp0p} 7dwdwdr0w} 7dqdwdp0p} 6wdwdwdwd} 6pdw0Qdw0} 6wdwdwdwd} 5dwdwdwdw} 5dp1N0wdw} 5dwdwdwdw} &wdwdwdwd} &wdwdPdP)} &wdwdwdwd} 3dwdwdwdw} 3dwdwdwdw} 3dwdwdwdw} 2wdwdw)P)} 2P)Pdwdwd} 2wdwdR)P)} %$wdwdwIw} %dKdwdRdR} %dwdQ$wIw} v,./9EFJMV v,./9EFJMV v,./9EFJMV #1. White wins. #2. Black wins. #3. White wins

cuuuuuuuuC cuuuuuuuuC cuuuuuuuuC (wdw4wdkd} (r4wdwdkd} (rdbdwdkd} 70wdwdp0p} 7$w!wdp0p} 70pdwdp0p} 6w1wdwdwd} 6wdwdw1wd} 6wdwdw1wd} 5dwdwdwdw} 5dwdwdwdw} 5dwdwdwdw} &wdwdwdwd} &wdwdwdwd} &wdw!wdwd} 3dw$w)wdw} 3dwdwdwdw} 3dwdwdw)w} 2PdwdQ)P)} 2wdwdw)P)} 2wdwdr)B)} %dwdwdwIw} %dwdwdRIw} %dw$wdRIw} v,./9EFJMV v,./9EFJMV v,./9EFJMV #4. Black wins. #5. White wins. #6. White wins. cuuuuuuuuC cuuuuuuuuC cuuuuuuuuC (wdrdwdkd} (wdwdrdkd} (wdrdrdkd} 7dwdw!w0p} 7drdwdp0p} 7dp!wdp0p} 6pdqdbdwd} 6wdwdwdwd} 6wdwdwgwd} 5dpdw0wdw} 5dwdwdwdw} 50qdPdwdw} &wdp0Pdwd} &pdwdQdwd} &wdwdRdwd} 3)PdPdw)w} 3dwdwdwdw} 3dwdwdwdw} 2wdPdwdB)} 2P)Pdw1w)} 2w)wdw)P)} %dwdwdRIw} %dKdRdwdR} %dwdw$wIw} v,./9EFJMV v,./9EFJMV v,./9EFJMV #7. White wins. #8. Black wins the ½. #9. White wins.