Planetary Atmospheres
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Railway Employee Records for Colorado Volume Iii
RAILWAY EMPLOYEE RECORDS FOR COLORADO VOLUME III By Gerald E. Sherard (2005) When Denver’s Union Station opened in 1881, it saw 88 trains a day during its gold-rush peak. When passenger trains were a popular way to travel, Union Station regularly saw sixty to eighty daily arrivals and departures and as many as a million passengers a year. Many freight trains also passed through the area. In the early 1900s, there were 2.25 million railroad workers in America. After World War II the popularity and frequency of train travel began to wane. The first railroad line to be completed in Colorado was in 1871 and was the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad line between Denver and Colorado Springs. A question we often hear is: “My father used to work for the railroad. How can I get information on Him?” Most railroad historical societies have no records on employees. Most employment records are owned today by the surviving railroad companies and the Railroad Retirement Board. For example, most such records for the Union Pacific Railroad are in storage in Hutchinson, Kansas salt mines, off limits to all but the lawyers. The Union Pacific currently declines to help with former employee genealogy requests. However, if you are looking for railroad employee records for early Colorado railroads, you may have some success. The Colorado Railroad Museum Library currently has 11,368 employee personnel records. These Colorado employee records are primarily for the following railroads which are not longer operating. Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad (AT&SF) Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad employee records of employment are recorded in a bound ledger book (record number 736) and box numbers 766 and 1287 for the years 1883 through 1939 for the joint line from Denver to Pueblo. -
Recurring Slope Lineae: Evidence of Liquid Water on Mars Today?
Recurring Slope Lineae: Evidence of liquid water on Mars today? The High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) has monitored surface feature changes over several Mars years. One of the more intriguing observations has been of the seasonal occurrence of numerous (multi-thousand) dark streak features advancing down equator-facing slopes in several mid-latitude and equatorial regions of the southern hemisphere. Termed Recurring Slope Lineae (RSL), the streak behavior resembles that of a fluid mobilized by increasing surface temperatures – initiating in spring, incrementally extending downslope through summer, and then fading in the fall and winter seasons. The phenomenon is then seen to repeat the following spring. RSLs are narrow in width (meter-scale), requiring our best resolution imaging to see them, but may extend down-slope for hundreds of meters before terminating. Science teams involved in the discovery of RSL have been cautious in concluding a water-based origin since most of the RSL locations are found in environments well outside the pressure-temperature stability field for liquid water. However, the presence of salts such as perchlorate can depress freezing points by tens of degrees. MRO Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) observations of multiple RSL locations show hydrated mineral absorption signals most consistent with magnesium perchlorate, magnesium chlorate and sodium perchlorate. That raises the possibility of a Mg-, Na-, Cl-rich brine that would also leave these minerals as a kind of evaporite deposit. However, the amount of water, if present, has been constrained at one location by independent Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS; Mars Odyssey) data analysis and a numerical heat transfer model to 0 wt.%, and up to 3 wt.% given observational uncertainties, unlikely to support a sustained flow. -
Chesley Bonestell: Imagining the Future Privacy - Terms By: Don Vaughan | July 20, 2018
HOW PRINT MYDESIGNSHOP HOW DESIGN UNIVERSITY EVENTS Register Log In Search DESIGN TOPICS∠ DESIGN THEORY∠ DESIGN CULTURE∠ DAILY HELLER REGIONAL DESIGN∠ COMPETITIONS∠ EVENTS∠ JOBS∠ MAGAZINE∠ In this roundup, Print breaks down the elite group of typographers who have made lasting contributions to American type. Enter your email to download the full Enter Email article from PRINT Magazine. I'm not a robot reCAPTCHA Chesley Bonestell: Imagining the Future Privacy - Terms By: Don Vaughan | July 20, 2018 82 In 1944, Life Magazine published a series of paintings depicting Saturn as seen from its various moons. Created by a visionary artist named Chesley Bonestell, the paintings showed war-weary readers what worlds beyond our own might actually look like–a stun- ning achievement for the time. Years later, Bonestell would work closely with early space pioneers such as Willy Ley and Wernher von Braun in helping the world understand what exists beyond our tiny planet, why it is essential for us to go there, and how it could be done. Photo by Robert E. David A titan in his time, Chesley Bonestell is little remembered today except by hardcore sci- ence fiction fans and those scientists whose dreams of exploring the cosmos were first in- spired by Bonestell’s astonishingly accurate representations. However, a new documen- tary titled Chesley Bonestell: A Brush With The Future aims to introduce Bonestell to con- temporary audiences and remind the world of his remarkable accomplishments, which in- clude helping get the Golden Gate Bridge built, creating matte paintings for numerous Hol- lywood blockbusters, promoting America’s nascent space program, and more. -
Information to Users
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University M crct. rrs it'terrjt onai A Be" 4 Howe1 ir”?r'"a! Cor"ear-, J00 Norte CeeD Road App Artjor mi 4 6 ‘Og ' 346 USA 3 13 761-4’00 600 sC -0600 Order Number 9238197 Selected literary letters of Sophia Peabody Hawthorne, 1842-1853 Hurst, Nancy Luanne Jenkins, Ph.D. -
From: "MESSENGER, SCOTT R
The Starting Materials In: Meteorites and the Early Solar System II S. Messenger Johnson Space Center S. Sandford Ames Research Center D. Brownlee University of Washington Combined information from observations of interstellar clouds and star forming regions and studies of primitive solar system materials give a first order picture of the starting materials for the solar system’s construction. At the earliest stages, the presolar dust cloud was comprised of stardust, refractory organic matter, ices, and simple gas phase molecules. The nature of the starting materials changed dramatically together with the evolving solar system. Increasing temperatures and densities in the disk drove molecular evolution to increasingly complex organic matter. High temperature processes in the inner nebula erased most traces of presolar materials, and some fraction of this material is likely to have been transported to the outermost, quiescent portions of the disk. Interplanetary dust particles thought to be samples of Kuiper Belt objects probably contain the least altered materials, but also contain significant amounts of solar system materials processed at high temperatures. These processed materials may have been transported from the inner, warmer portions of the disk early in the active accretion phase. 1. Introduction A principal constraint on the formation of the Solar System was the population of starting materials available for its construction. Information on what these starting materials may have been is largely derived from two approaches, namely (i) the examination of other nascent stellar systems and the dense cloud environments in which they form, and (ii) the study of minimally altered examples of these starting materials that have survived in ancient Solar System materials. -
Minutes of the January 25, 2010, Meeting of the Board of Regents
MINUTES OF THE JANUARY 25, 2010, MEETING OF THE BOARD OF REGENTS ATTENDANCE This scheduled meeting of the Board of Regents was held on Monday, January 25, 2010, in the Regents’ Room of the Smithsonian Institution Castle. The meeting included morning, afternoon, and executive sessions. Board Chair Patricia Q. Stonesifer called the meeting to order at 8:31 a.m. Also present were: The Chief Justice 1 Sam Johnson 4 John W. McCarter Jr. Christopher J. Dodd Shirley Ann Jackson David M. Rubenstein France Córdova 2 Robert P. Kogod Roger W. Sant Phillip Frost 3 Doris Matsui Alan G. Spoon 1 Paul Neely, Smithsonian National Board Chair David Silfen, Regents’ Investment Committee Chair 2 Vice President Joseph R. Biden, Senators Thad Cochran and Patrick J. Leahy, and Representative Xavier Becerra were unable to attend the meeting. Also present were: G. Wayne Clough, Secretary John Yahner, Speechwriter to the Secretary Patricia L. Bartlett, Chief of Staff to the Jeffrey P. Minear, Counselor to the Chief Justice Secretary T.A. Hawks, Assistant to Senator Cochran Amy Chen, Chief Investment Officer Colin McGinnis, Assistant to Senator Dodd Virginia B. Clark, Director of External Affairs Kevin McDonald, Assistant to Senator Leahy Barbara Feininger, Senior Writer‐Editor for the Melody Gonzales, Assistant to Congressman Office of the Regents Becerra Grace L. Jaeger, Program Officer for the Office David Heil, Assistant to Congressman Johnson of the Regents Julie Eddy, Assistant to Congresswoman Matsui Richard Kurin, Under Secretary for History, Francisco Dallmeier, Head of the National Art, and Culture Zoological Park’s Center for Conservation John K. -
Asteroidal Dust 423
Dermott et al.: Asteroidal Dust 423 Asteroidal Dust Stanley F. Dermott University of Florida Daniel D. Durda Southwest Research Institute Keith Grogan NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Thomas J. J. Kehoe University of Florida There is good evidence that the high-speed, porous, anhydrous chondritic interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) collected in Earth’s stratosphere originated from short-period comets. How- ever, by considering the structure of the solar-system dust bands discovered by IRAS, we are able to show that asteroidal collisions are probably the dominant source of particles in the zodiacal cloud. It follows that a significant and probably the dominant fraction of the IDPs collected in Earth’s stratosphere also originated from asteroids. IDPs are the most primitive particles in the inner solar system and represent a class of material quite different from that in our meteorite collections. The structure, mineralogy, and high C content of IDPs dictate that they cannot have originated from the grinding down of known meteorite types. We argue that the asteroidal IDPs were probably formed as a result of prolonged mechanical mixing in the deep regoliths of asteroidal rubble piles in the outer main belt. 1. INTRODUCTION information on the nature of the particles in the preplanetary solar nebula (Bradley, 1999). Observations of microcraters In our collections on Earth, we have an abundance of on the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) confirmed meteorite samples from three major sources of extraterres- that each year Earth accretes 3 × 107 kg of dust particles, a trial material: the asteroid belt, the Moon, and Mars. Some mass influx ~100× greater than the influx associated with of the source bodies of these meteorites have experienced the much larger meteorites that have masses between 100 g major physical, chemical, and mineralogical changes since and 1000 kg. -
Martian Crater Morphology
ANALYSIS OF THE DEPTH-DIAMETER RELATIONSHIP OF MARTIAN CRATERS A Capstone Experience Thesis Presented by Jared Howenstine Completion Date: May 2006 Approved By: Professor M. Darby Dyar, Astronomy Professor Christopher Condit, Geology Professor Judith Young, Astronomy Abstract Title: Analysis of the Depth-Diameter Relationship of Martian Craters Author: Jared Howenstine, Astronomy Approved By: Judith Young, Astronomy Approved By: M. Darby Dyar, Astronomy Approved By: Christopher Condit, Geology CE Type: Departmental Honors Project Using a gridded version of maritan topography with the computer program Gridview, this project studied the depth-diameter relationship of martian impact craters. The work encompasses 361 profiles of impacts with diameters larger than 15 kilometers and is a continuation of work that was started at the Lunar and Planetary Institute in Houston, Texas under the guidance of Dr. Walter S. Keifer. Using the most ‘pristine,’ or deepest craters in the data a depth-diameter relationship was determined: d = 0.610D 0.327 , where d is the depth of the crater and D is the diameter of the crater, both in kilometers. This relationship can then be used to estimate the theoretical depth of any impact radius, and therefore can be used to estimate the pristine shape of the crater. With a depth-diameter ratio for a particular crater, the measured depth can then be compared to this theoretical value and an estimate of the amount of material within the crater, or fill, can then be calculated. The data includes 140 named impact craters, 3 basins, and 218 other impacts. The named data encompasses all named impact structures of greater than 100 kilometers in diameter. -
Widespread Excess Ice in Arcadia Planitia, Mars
Widespread Excess Ice in Arcadia Planitia, Mars Ali M. Bramson1, Shane Byrne1, Nathaniel E. Putzig2, Sarah Sutton1, Jeffrey J. Plaut3, T. Charles Brothers4 and John W. Holt4 Corresponding author: A. M. Bramson, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Kuiper Space Science Building, 1629 E. University Blvd. Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA. ([email protected]) Affiliations: 1Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA. 2Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, Colorado, USA. 3Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, USA. 4Institute for Geophysics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA. Accepted for publication July 18, 2015 in Geophysical Research Letters. An edited version of this paper was published by AGU on August 26, 2015. Copyright 2015 American Geophysical Union. Citation: Bramson, A. M., S. Byrne, N. E. Putzig, S. Sutton, J. J. Plaut, T. C. Brothers, and J. W. Holt (2015), Widespread excess ice in Arcadia Planitia, Mars, Geophys. Res. Lett., 42, doi:10.1002/2015GL064844. Key points: • Terraced craters: abundant in Arcadia Planitia, indicate subsurface layering • A widespread subsurface interface is also detected by SHARAD • Combining data sets yields dielectric constants consistent with decameters of excess water ice Abstract: The distribution of subsurface water ice on Mars is a key constraint on past climate, while the volumetric concentration of buried ice (pore-filling versus excess) provides information about the process that led to its deposition. We investigate the subsurface of Arcadia Planitia by measuring the depth of terraces in simple impact craters and mapping a widespread subsurface reflection in radar sounding data. Assuming that the contrast in material strengths responsible for the terracing is the same dielectric interface that causes the radar reflection, we can combine these data to estimate the dielectric constant of the overlying material. -
Regional Oral History Off Ice University of California the Bancroft Library Berkeley, California
Regional Oral History Off ice University of California The Bancroft Library Berkeley, California Richard B. Gump COMPOSER, ARTIST, AND PRESIDENT OF GUMP'S, SAN FRANCISCO An Interview Conducted by Suzanne B. Riess in 1987 Copyright @ 1989 by The Regents of the University of California Since 1954 the Regional Oral History Office has been interviewing leading participants in or well-placed witnesses to major events in the development of Northern California, the West,and the Nation. Oral history is a modern research technique involving an interviewee and an informed interviewer in spontaneous conversation. The taped record is transcribed, lightly edited for continuity and clarity, and reviewed by the interviewee. The resulting manuscript is typed in final form, indexed, bound with photographs and illustrative materials, and placed in The Bancroft Library at the University of California, Berkeley, and other research collections for scholarly use. Because it is primary material, oral history is not intended to present the final, verified, or complete narrative of events. It is a spoken account, offered by the interviewee in response to questioning, and as such it is reflective, partisan, deeply involved, and irreplaceable. All uses of this manuscript are covered by a legal agreement between the University of California and Richard B. Gump dated 7 March 1988. The manuscript is thereby made available for research purposes. All literary rights in the manuscript, including the right to publish, are reserved to The Bancroft Library of the University of California, Berkeley. No part of the manuscript may be quoted for publication without the written permission of the Director of The Bancroft Library of the University of California, Berkeley. -
Widespread Crater-Related Pitted Materials on Mars: Further Evidence for the Role of Target Volatiles During the Impact Process ⇑ Livio L
Icarus 220 (2012) 348–368 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Icarus journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/icarus Widespread crater-related pitted materials on Mars: Further evidence for the role of target volatiles during the impact process ⇑ Livio L. Tornabene a, , Gordon R. Osinski a, Alfred S. McEwen b, Joseph M. Boyce c, Veronica J. Bray b, Christy M. Caudill b, John A. Grant d, Christopher W. Hamilton e, Sarah Mattson b, Peter J. Mouginis-Mark c a University of Western Ontario, Centre for Planetary Science and Exploration, Earth Sciences, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7 b University of Arizona, Lunar and Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721-0092, USA c University of Hawai’i, Hawai’i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, Ma¯noa, HI 96822, USA d Smithsonian Institution, Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20013-7012, USA e NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA article info abstract Article history: Recently acquired high-resolution images of martian impact craters provide further evidence for the Received 28 August 2011 interaction between subsurface volatiles and the impact cratering process. A densely pitted crater-related Revised 29 April 2012 unit has been identified in images of 204 craters from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. This sample of Accepted 9 May 2012 craters are nearly equally distributed between the two hemispheres, spanning from 53°Sto62°N latitude. Available online 24 May 2012 They range in diameter from 1 to 150 km, and are found at elevations between À5.5 to +5.2 km relative to the martian datum. The pits are polygonal to quasi-circular depressions that often occur in dense clus- Keywords: ters and range in size from 10 m to as large as 3 km. -
Obituary 1967
OBITUARY INDEX 1967 You can search by clicking on the binoculars on the adobe toolbar or by Pressing Shift-Control-F Request Form LAST NAME FIRST NAME DATE PAGE # Abbate Barbara F. 6/6/1967 p.1 Abbott William W. 9/22/1967 p.30 Abel Dean 11/27/1967 p.24 Abel Francis E. 9/25/1967 p.24 Abel Francis E. 9/27/1967 p.10 Abel Frederick B. 11/11/1967 p.26 Abel John Hawk 12/7/1967 p.42 Abel John Hawk 12/11/1967 p.26 Abel William E. 7/10/1967 p.28 Abel William E. 7/12/1967 p.12 Aber George W. 3/14/1967 p.24 Abert Esther F. 7/26/1967 p.14 Abrams Laura R. Hoffman 8/14/1967 p.28 Abrams Laura R. Hoffman 8/17/1967 p.28 Abrams Pearl E. 10/19/1967 p.28 Abrams Pearl E. 10/20/1967 p.10 Achenbach Helen S. 11/6/1967 p.36 Achenbach Helen S. 11/8/1967 p.15 Ackerman Calvin 5/22/1967 p.34 Ackerman Calvin 5/25/1967 p.38 Ackerman Fritz 11/27/1967 p.24 Ackerman Harold 10/27/1967 p.26 Ackerman Harold 10/28/1967 p.26 Ackerman Hattie Mann 4/14/1967 p.21 Ackerman Hattie Mann 4/19/1967 p.14 Adamczyk Bennie 5/3/1967 p.14 Adamo Margaret M. 3/15/1967 p.15 Adamo Margaret M. 3/20/1967 p.28 Adams Anna 6/17/1967 p.22 Adams Anna 6/20/1967 p.17 Adams Harriet C.