~I ~ (1 e6T \iI.:r1I o...... 1991 CENSUS OF INDIA 1991
~@&l121 SERIES 21
RAJASTHAN
qyrr XII - Gf) ~ lSI' PART XII - A & B ~ \it'1~(OI'11 ~6h1 (IDlt q;pTf ~ ~ mTf q;rtf{ m~ \11 ..111°1'11 'fIR) DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK (VILLAGE & TOWN DIRECTORYAND VILLAGE & TOWN PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT) m~ JHUNJHUNUN DI·STRICT
3m".~. rWrr ~ ~~TcI), \iFit IIJI'1I Cfi'T1t ~ R.P. TOMAR JOINT DIRECTOR CENSUS OPERATlONS RAJASTHAN ~, Qlii1'1Ittll{f ~ ~trnttlT ~ _ ~ ~ ~~ (fj ~ ~ ~ 1R 6if&1qi1q .amm m q;rift t, ~ ~ ~~~, ~ &m M"ff ~ ~ ~ mtr q mfcfR ~ m ~
• ~ ~ ~ cf; GT 'IWT t I ~ rt 'IWT '(li' ~ m mq~ ~ ~ ~~31T ~ ~ WAf ift lFiT ~ m:rr 'IWT '11 if '!ITIftur t.if (fj ~ if, mq m acfi m:rr mt ~ ; ~ if Cflt;m ; m tR ~ iIf1IT1lT"1T m\ ~ 1fm %I ~~m"{~~~~,~~ctt_,~,~,~~q~~ctt~ cr q;Jlf slo cft.~. ~, ~frti iiR1JURT CIiflt, ~ Cf \Wfi~, ~ ~ "W ~ <.fir ~ CR, W ~ w.fiT~ tfit ~ ~ if ~ ef; mtr ~ tOr ~ ~~, ~ ~ 2~, 1994 FOREWORD Population Census provides data-base for economic and social planning to planners. and administrators at all levels. The village and town-wise Census data compiled and processed by the Directorate of Census Operations, Rajasthan are being published in the form of District Census Handbook for each district separately, which, I am sure, will be found quite useful, informative and interesting by the planners and administrators as well as academicians and research scholars. Each District Census Handbook comprises two parts. Part-A of the book provides information on the amenities available in each village/town and Part-B gives the Primary Census Abstract at village level in the case of rural areas and at ward/town level in the case of urban areas. Primary Census Abstract is an important table which gives number of households, population, literates, population of scheduled castes and scheduled tribes, main workers cross classified by nine industrial categories of workers, marginal workers and non-workers by sex at village/town/panchayat samiti/tehsil and district level. Dr. V.S. Sisodia, Director of Census Operations, Rajasthan and his colleagues who have compiled the voluminous data and completed these comprehensive volumes in a reasonable time deserve to be congraiulated for the accuracy of the work and timely publication. JAIPUR M.L. MEHTA October 2, 1994 Chief Secretary Government of Rajasthan !II~ICI'11 ~m iiR'lflRT ~-m tiif wmr.r 1951 tt ~ ~ ~ i5fWll ~ 1p:IT t:IT I ~"« ~ ~ w.n m ~ ~ l\J'Iof;~~~/~of;mtr~~rnfWtt~\tr~I~mq;r~1%~~t~.~ ~ ~ ~ JrnRf.l tt ~ "« iif.I7I1JRT ~ &m rnfW ~ ii!RIT i I ~ ~ "iffiIl cf; mtr-mtr ~ ~ cfi ~. Wf*R~ tt ~ ~ iiFH1ff&4ct\ ~~... ~~ mrr~ ~~ ~ ~ if ~ iiFrJ1IRl gf@4)I~ if iiRW.rr of; 1991 c5t iiRlJ1lRT rtf ~ iiR1J1lRT ~~ cf; lI~tft41(OI q;r ~ ~ qtt i ~ 1981 if ~ 1p:IT t:IT I ~, ~ ~~ cf; ffi'T cf; ~ 1991 tt VA1f1AT if'~ VRlfORT m\ cfi ~ if ~ tIftm ~ 1ft; ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ 1991 rtf ~ tt 1:% ~ ~ ~?:qT~ ~ ~ ~"« JIllT ~~ ii!WRT 'ffit ~ (fiT m ern- cmt ~1RfCIiT, m-f.r:tfm-m ~~cficwfen)~~t~"« 1981 tcmT~ 1991 cttiiRlJ1lRTll.WJen)~3ft\~GFrr tT~~lTtr~, ~ mr.r '{Pli mcm ,3fR \fI1l1IRT m q;r ~ SItfrn' i' I ~ ~ cfi ~ tt 'ffilm ~ ~ ~ ~ tt i ,3fR \R' m ~\R~qjf~t~~~if~c[zro;r~1 ~U;{'R 'Illm ublication of the District Census Handbooks (DCHs) was initiated after the 1951 Census and is Pcontinuing since then with some innovations/modifications after each decennial Census. This is the most valuable district level publi,cation brought out by the Census Organisation on behalf of each State Govt./Union Territory administration. It inter-alia provides data/information on some of the basic demographic and socio-economic characteristics and on the availability of certain important civic amenities/facilities in each village and town of the respective districts. This publication has thus proved to be of immense utility to the planners, administrators, academicians and researchers. The scope of the DCH was initially confined to certain important census tables on population, economic and socio-cultural aspects as also the Primary Census Abstract (PCA) of each village and town (ward-wise) of the district. The DCHs published after the 1961 Census contained a descriptive account of the district, administrative statistics, census tables and Village and Town Directories including PCA. After the 1971 Census, two parts of the District Census Handbooks (Part·A comprising Village and Town Directories and Part-B comprising Village and Town (PCA) were released in all the States and Union Territories. The third Part·C of the District Census Handbooks comprising admin istrative statistics and district census tables, which was also to be brought out, could not be published in many States/UTs due to considerable delay in compilation of relevant material. In 1981, some new features alongwith the restructuring of the formats of Village and Town Directory were introduced in the DCHs. These were published in two parts for each district after the 1981 Census. While Part-A comprised Village and Town directories, the PCA of villages and towns (ward-wise) including Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe PCA upto tehsil/town level were provided in Part-B. To illustrate, all the amenities except electricity, were brought together in the Village Directory and if an amenity was not available in the referent village, the distance in broad ranges from the nearest place having such amenity was given. Information on some new items such as adult literacy centres, primary health sub centres and community health workers in the village were provided so as to meet some of the requirements of the Revised Minimum Needs Programme. Similarly, information on approach to the village was also provided for the first time in the Village Directory so as to give an idea about the number of inaccessible Villages in each district. In case of Town Directories also, keeping in view the requirements of the Minimum Needs Programme, a Statement IV-A on slums w~ provided so as to enable the planners to chalk out the programmes for providing better civic and other amenities in the slums. In this statement details on civic and other amenities were reported for the slums of Class I and Class " towns. Apart from this, one column on the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population and another on adult literacy classes/centres were added in Statements IV and V respec tively. The manner of presentation of the DCHs for the 1991 Census is by and large the same as followed in 1981. However. the format of PCA has been restructured slightly in the 1991 Census for the benefit of data users. Nine-fold industrial classification of main workers has been given as against four-fold industrial classification presented in the 1981 Census. In addition to this, the sex-wise population in the 0-6 age-group has also been included in PCA for the first time with a view to enabling data users to compute more realistic literacy rate as all children below 7 years of age have been treated as illiterate at the time of the 1991 Census. It is expected that the above mentioned modifications will help the planners in chalking out more effective developmental programmes. One of the most important innovations in the 1991 Census is the Panchayat Samiti level presentation of data in the Village Directory and PCA instead of the traditional Tehsil/Taluk/Police Station level presentation. It is expected that the presentation of Village Directory and PCA data at Panchayat Samiti level will help the planners in formulation of micro·level developmental plans, as the Panchayat Samiti is the lowest administrative unit for developmental planning in Rajasthan. In order to facilitate the task of administrators, planners and researchers intending to use Village Directory/PCA data, either from the magnetic tapes/floppies or from the published records, both the computer and manual codes for each village have been provided for the 1991 Census along with the corresponding codes of 1981. This publication is a jOint venture of the State Govt. and the Census Organisation. The data have . been collected and compiled under the direction of Dr. V.S. Sisodia, Director of Census Operations, Rajasthan on behalf of the State Government which has borne the cost of printing. The task of planning, designing and coordination of the publication was initiated by Dr. KP. IHaman, former Deputy Registrar General (Social Studies) and Shri M.M. Dua, Joint Director. For the sake of uniformity in presentation of information/data and for preparation of analytical note depicting the salient features emerging from a micro-level analysis of Census/non-Census data, a model District Census Handbook from each State and Union Territory was thoroughly scrutinised in the Social Studies Division under the guidance of Dr. M.K. Jain, the present Deputy Registrar General (S.S.). This task was carried out by Shri A.K. Singh, Deputy Director who was assisted by Shri N.S. Soam, Assistant Director and his staff. Technical guidance in the preparation of the maps was initially provided by Dr. BK Roy, former Deputy Registrar General (Map) and later by Mrs. Minati Ghosh, the present Deputy Registrar General (Map). I am thankful to all those who have contributed to this oroject. \. NEW DELHI A.R. NANOA JUNE 11, 1992 REGISTRAR GENERAL, INDIA ~ tf; ~ qjf(f- 'qffif c5 'i$I(~~I( ~ ~ ~ ~ ~"(ii ~ c5 Q1l ~ awmt ~ I ~ ~ "WIm M if m: tt 3fCRT ~ Witt1" ~ mR JIGR" %m' t ~ mT \ilf-IlSH!Jt~IQ, ST. tr'f.cf;. ~ 3Tn ~ W mr.r ~ ~ it _ ~ i3fr(f ~t~~~~~"0~c@"~"ffi'i1iif~'fif.\"if~~~.~&m~~ em- if tm«!T ~ I ~. cflR: ~, ~ ~ qw;f Uiilm, fvRcf; ~frr ~ wrrr iifTI1rl"AT q;rzf ~ S3lT, ~ "ffCIiffifT ;:f; ~ ~ ~ ~ qr:r ~, ~ ~ 191I$ ~ ~ m- ~~mrvrrwrn;~~~~~~~CfiT.~,~~m~~~ II ~, ~ ~ ~, \ilf f.roTili tt ~ if ~ fchi.rr ~ ~ ~ -wr c5 ~ wncr ~ 'i.fif{Uf tt ~ Cfil ~ 2~1994 lff CfiT1f"« ~ ~ (1t>41 Jfi 1U'I{ lfci 0{fR ~ 1. ~~. ~ 8. ~~~m ~~ 2. ~*.~ ~ 9. ~ fcr;ftq ~~ ~ 3. ~1B"~~ ~ 10 . .mmT~ tro ~ 4. ~\Jlf~~ ~ 11. .m~~fW WTufcIi 5. ~~wmr~ ~~ 12. mm ~'I11f{ ~ 6. ~~~~ ~~ 13. ~~~m WJulq; 7. m3WJ JrcIim ~ ~~ 14 • .m~T~ WJ1lTifi ~~'flT( 1. .m ~ mRt ~rlf ~~ 8. .mM~. ~~ 2. J!ffN~~ ~~ 9. ~~T~~ ~~ 3. ~~~f413lT ~W\1fcfi 10. W 'tffi) ~ ~ 4. fi~~ ~~ 11. m~fIqi~~ ~ 5. ~~m ~~ 12. m3ro7T ~ ~ 6. ~~\ilWf~ ~mT "'",!c!~cn~OI 1. m~~~ ~~ 3• .m~T~ ~~ 2.~~~ ~3TJtW;r ~ 1. m~nmrqqf ~ 9. ~ 'ffii\i \ilWf ~ 2. llfi ~ fffi:fImT ~ 10 . .m ~ \ilWf ~ 3. .m~~ ~ 11 . .m~~ ~ 4. ~~qt{f ~~ 12 . .m~ ~ 5. ~~ ~ 13 . .m ~"liG ~ 6. ~* ~ llTffl 1. llfimrm ~ ~·i)!t(ql{ 3. .m~~~ ~ 2. "lft~!rnK~ ~~'lhl41( ~ 1. .mm~ ~~ 2. llfi Cflo%Zmillct ~-rn ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We are deeply indebted to the State Government for their prompt help to us at all stages of Census Operations. We are beholden to Shri M.L. Mehta, Chief Secretary, Rajasthan for his unstinted support and continued encouragement to us at all stages of work as also for having consented to write the Foreword for the series. The former Chief Secretary, Shri T.V. Ramanan had infused a sense of urgency and seriousness in the minds of Collectors and other officers engaged in Census work at the district level, which went a long way in gearing up the entire administrative machinery and we are extremely grateful to him. Several departments of the State Government among which General Administration, Education, Community Development, Economics & Statistics, Public Relations, Printing and the Department of Personnel deserve special mention, extended utmost cooperation and help in both the phases of Census Operations. The District Collectors played a pivotal role in successfully conducting and supervising Census Operations despite their multifarious responsibilities. They were well assisted by ADMs/SDOs, DSOs, Tehsildars and Municipal Officers and other Charge Officers. The Supervisors and Enumerators, the basic Census functionaries worked ceaselessly in the entire period of field-work to make 1991 Census Operations smooth and successful. We are deeply grateful to Shri A.R. Nanda, Registrar General & Census Commissioner India for his sustained support and spontaneous, unfailing guidance throughout our endeavours. Our grateful thanks are due to Dr. M.K Jain and Mrs. Minati Ghosh, the two Deputy Registrar Generals and their colleagues at the headquarters for their ever willing, helping hand and thoughtful suggestions for putting together and shaping the volumes in their present form. The Director of Census Operations Dr. V.S. Sisodia under whose guidance the entire operations were carried out deserves all credit for its success, but he was repatriated to the State Government for taking up some other important assignment before this volume could be made for the press. Shri R.C. Bhargava, the former Deputy Director incharge of District Census Handbooks, who was ably assisted by Shri Shamsher Singh, Assistant Director, Shri Wali Haider, Investigator and their team of workers deserve all praise for their perseverance and dedication in preparing Village and Town Directories. The Primary Census Abstract, the population profile for all the administrative units of district was first prepared in Regional Tabulation Office Jaipur II headed by Shri Mohammed Farooq, Deputy Director, who put in his 'Labour of Love' to ensure its timely preparation. In this task he was assisted by Sarva Shri Abdul Waheed and S.R. Singhal, Investigators. The PCA and various other tables were scrutinised and finalised for publication under the close supervision and guidance of Shri R.C. Bhargava, former Dy. Director by his team of zealous workers headed by Sarvashri M.M. Goyal, R.N. Verma and H.C. Sharma, Investigators. Their preCision and promptitude in delivering goods deserve special mention. Shri G.D. Agarwal, Assistant Director has taken pains in drafting the District profile and the Analytical Note for the district. The members of the staff in the Map Section did a commendable job under the guidance of late M.L. Kumawat, R.O.(Map), a highly experienced Census hand and later under Shri M.C. Vimal, Sr. Geographer. Shri M.M. Goyal, Investigator and official incharge of printing personally looked to various aspects of printing work along with his associates, which has ensured the timely release of volumes and all credit goes to him for getting them through the press. We are thankful to MIs Akashdeep Printers, New Delhi for the printing of this handbook in a short time. JAIPUR R.P. TOMAR October 2, 1994 Joint Director OTHER MEMBERS OF STAFF ASSOCIATED WITH THIS WORK VILLAGE AND TOWN DIRECTORY 1. Shri Abdul Waheed Investigator 8. Shri V.K. Punjabi Statistical Assistant 2. Shri G. Fernandes Investigator 9. Shri V.K. Gupta Computer 3. Shri NK Baj Investigator 10. Shri RC. Bairwa Computer 4. Shri RA Agarwal Investigator 11. Shri S.N. Singh Computer 5. Shri J.P. Kateja Statistical Assistant 12. Shri R.K. Nagar Computer 6. Shri M.L. Sindhi Statistical Assistant 13. Shri B.P. Sharma Computer 7. Shri C.P. Sharma Statistical Assistant 14. Shri Mukesh Bhargava Computer PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT 1. Shri K.B. Sharma Statistical Assistant 9. Shri K.C. Gupta Statistical Assistant 2. Shri P.L. Mina Statistical Assistant 10. Smt. Charu Mathur Computer 3. Shri S.N. Misra Statistical Assistant 11. Shri AK. Srivastava Computer 4. Smt. Santosh Malakar Statistical Assistant 12. Shri Arun Jain Computer 5. Smt. Usha Sharma Statistical Assistant 13. Shri H.L. Gupta Computer 6. Shri M.L. Gupta Statistical Assistant 14. Smt. Asha Saxena Computer 7. Shri Bhupendra Goyal Statistical Assistant 8. Shri D.N. Pareek Statistical Assistant COMPUTERISATION 1. Shri P.K. Jain Computer Operator 3. Shri Yogesh Bhargava Computer Operator 2. Shri Deepak Srivastava Computer Operator MAP 1. Shri G.L. Verma Investigator 9. Shri Lallu Lal Draughtsman 2. Shri N.R. Sisodia Geographer 10. Shri Babu Lal Draughtsman 3. Shri Pankaj Kumar Geographer 11. Shri Indra Narain Draughtsman 4. Shri D.L. Verma Senior Artist 12. Shri Nandlal Draughtsman 5. Shri Sardul Singh Artist 13. Shri Deepak Sood Draughtsman 6. Shri Hem Singh Senior Draughtsman 14. Shri Kishan Singh HPMO 7. Shri M.S. Panwar Artist 15. Shri Diwakar Sharma HPMO 8. Shri P.K. Sharma Artist 16. Shri Tara Chand Ferro Print Operator HINDI TRANSLATION 1. Shri Manohar Lal Senior Hindi Translator TYPING 1. Shri Verughese Mathew Stenographer 3. Shri SK Ajmera Computer 2. Shri D.P. Sekra Junior Stenographer PRINTING 1. Shri Hasan Mohd. Printing Inspector 2. Shri Kanhaiya Lal Proof Reader. (xiii) ~-l%~- 1991 POPULA nON PROFILE ·1991 W'1"~ ~ 2 3 4 5 6 , 8 ~ RA]ASTIIAN 342,239 44,005,99() 100.00 + 2B.44 38.55 910 31.62 ~ Ganganagar 20,634 2,622,777 5.96 + 29.20 41.82 877 30.15 ~ Bikaner 27,244 1,211,140 2.75 + 42.70 41.73 885 29.88 Wi Churu 16,830 1,543,211 3.51 + 30.84 34.78 937 30.00 mH Jhunjhunun 5,928 1,582,421 3.60 + 30.61 47.60 931 24.41 ~ Alwar 8,380 2,296,580 5.22 + 30.82 43.09 880 30.38 'f«'W Bharatpur 5,066 1,651,584 3.75 + 27.14 42.96 832 27.05 ~ Dhaulpur 3,034 749,479 1.70 + 28.10 35.09 795 27.48 ~ ~ Sawai Madhopur 10,52' 1,963,246 4.46 + 27.83 36.27 854 30.16 ~ Jaipur 14,068 4,722,551 10.73 + 37.44 47.88 891 30.08 ~ Sikar 7,732 1,842,914 4.19 + 33.81 42.49 946 25.07 ~ Ajmer 8,481 1,'29,207 3.93 + 20.05 52.34 918 35.78 ~ Tonk ',194 975,006 2.22 t 24.42 33.67 923 35.87 ~ Jaisalmer 38,401 344,517 0.78 + 41.73 30.05 807 29.48 ~ Jodhpur 22,850 2,153,483 4.89 + 29.12 40.69 891 SO.58 'II1fR Nagaur 17,718 2,144,810 4.87 t 31.69 31.80 942 33.43 ~ Pali 12,387 1,486,432 3.38 t 16.63 35.96 956 31.53 ~ Barmer 28,387 1,435,222 3.26 t 28.27 22.98 891 33.57 ~ Jalor 10,640 1,142,563 2.60 + 26.52 23.76 942 31.99 ~ Sirohi 5,136 654,029 1.49 t 20.66 ~I.94 949 31.25 ~ Bhilwara 10,455 1,593,128 3.62 t 21.58 31.65 945 40.38 ~ Udaipur 17,279 2,889,301 6.57 + 22.59 34.38 965 33.02 ~ Chittaurgarh 10,856 1,484,190 3.37 t 20.42 34.28 950 41.45 ~ Dungarpur 3,770 874,549 1.99 + 28.07 30.55 995 30.25 'iIhrcIm Banswara 5,037 1,155,600 2.63 + 30.34 26.00 969 32.50 ~ Bundi 5,550 770,248 1.75 + 25.85 32.75 889 34.21 cmr Kola 12,436 2,030,831 4.61 + 32.32 47.88 887 31.41 ~ Jhalawar 6,219 956,971 2.17 + 21.91 32.94 918 38.25 (xiv) qg~,!l)f eif&:tZb1 IMPORTANT STATISTICS ~ ffi ~ ~ RAJASTHAN JHUNJHUNUN STATE DISTRICT ~ ~ ~ Persons 44,005,990 1,582,421 POPULATION Total gm Males 23,042,780 819,448 ~ Females 20,963,210 762,973 mtftur ~ Persons 33,938,877 1,257,377 Rural gm Males 17,686,463 647,340 ~ Females 16,252,414 610,037 ~ Persons 10,067,113 325,044 Urban• gm Males 5,356,317 ~72,108 ~ Females 4,710,796 152,936 G{f ~ ~ ~ G\ 1981-91 + 28.44 + 30.61 DECENNIAL POPULATION GROWTH RATE 1981-91 ~ (erf ~.~.) AREA (Sq. km) 342,239 5,928 ~ ~ ~ Persons 58.BO 55.51 Cultivators ~ Males 56.22 51.82 m Females 69.34 81.79 (xv) ~ ~ II ~ Persons 10,00 8,77 -~Agricultural Labourers ~ Males 7,99 9.05 ~ Females 18.23 6.74 III ~, ~ if qjJ 'ItflT ~ : lfT1t ~ ';fTR ~m PART A: VILLAGE AND TOWN DffiECTORY ~I:lJ[l{~ SECTION I : VILLAGE DIRECTORY '!IR~~~~:m ~: APPENDICES: I· ~,~, ~ -3FtI' ~:m 'ifif ~ ~ 'ijf\ ...... 144 Panchayat Samitiwise Abstract of Educational, Medical and other Amenities. II· trr '1 l I(QIfi:t'h1 ~ (iiR1JURT ~) ~ W4 ~ ~ ~ ...... 150 Land utilisation data in respect of non-munidpaltowns (Census Town) III - ~ M tr ~ ~ wrt iilif ~, ~, lft;t <{if 1rr4'r, m ~ on:, ~ ~ ftr !IT It.IT ~ ';ff4', W:rr: ~ ~ tr 4 tr ~ ~ "Itf ~ I ...... 150 Panchayat Samitiwise list of villages where no educational, medical, drinking water, post and telegraph, day or days of market/hat, communication and power supply facilities are available. IV - ~ ~ tr ~ if ~ ~ ~ ~ ~.3fR ~ 'Jl'l'JlIRi 3fj1WT II: m ~ SECTION II: TOWN DIRECTORY ;pn ~ if fi1fi1;;r ~~ CfiT ~Tf.r ~ ~ fcIiit lilt m ...... 171 Codes used for various amenities in Town Directory ;pn ~ ...... 172-186 TOWN DIRECTORY fclcR:uT-I ~ J'n: ~ _ ...... 172 Statement-I Status and growth history ~-II m CfiT _111:f ~~, 1989 ...... :...... 174 Statement-II Physical aspects and location of towns, 1989 ~-III 'PI{lIIRi'h1 mn, 1988-89 ...... 176 Statement-III Municipal finance, 1988-89 ~-IV ~ ~ ~ ~t.Wt, 1989 ...... 178 Statement-iV Civic and other amenities, 1989 ~-V ~,~,~*~~,1989 ...... 180 Statement-V Medica], educational, recreational and cultural facilities, 1989 ~-VI '1lJlIlIT, ~, m afu~, 1989 ...... 184 Statement-VI Trade, commerce, industry and banking, 1989 ~:~~.m-~ ...... 186 APPENDIX: Towns showing their outgrowth with population 'qFf ~ : ~ IIHlloj11 mt PART B: PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT f'Iri;rr ~ iiPrJ1lRT tlIT ...... 188-199 DISTRICT PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT ml1)1fH ~ tlIT ...... 21lO-315 VILLAGE PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT 1. ~ ~ ~ Panchayat Samili Jhunjhunun ...... 200 2. ~ H ~ Panchayat Samiti Alsisar ...... 220 3. ~ H ~ Panchayat Samili Chirawa ...... 236 4. ~ H ~ Panchayat Samili Surajgarh ...... 248 !: ::: ~ ;:~~~:~:: ~:~::: ~~:~r~~.:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~~ 7. ~ H ~ PanchayatSamiti Nawalgarh ...... 292 8. ~ H ~g{clill Panchayat Samiti Udaipurwali ...... 304 ;p'R ~ ~ 'ffi'{ ...... 316-339 TOWN PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT ~: APPENDICES: I. ~~if~~~C@'m ...... 341 Details of Panchayat Samities induded in various Tehsils II - fJr\;rr ~ ~ 'ij'R ((1~{\ICi1iH{) .: ...... 342 District Primary Census Abstract (Tehsilwise) III - ~~~~~~~~-.~ ...... 348 Total Scbeduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe population- Urban Blockwise ~ iiIlfu ~ ~ ~ C@' mltT ~ ~ 'ffi'{ ...... 363-389 SPECIAL PRIMARY aNSUS ABSTRACT FOR SQiEDULED CASTES AND SCHEDULED TRIBES 1. ~\i!'Iffi\fct~~ ;:reo q;pf fcii ~ it 1 ifqrl1f "~fJn;rr ~~" ~ ~ ~ ';j.f ri ~), mil ~~ ~tmfUrif (it~) ~ rtr ~ ~ ffilmt ~ mJ!mr ~ JffiliR m, ~ mm cfit 1ft mI ~ ~ gfum ~ fuW;r 'IWT q "~ ~rSfflif';j.f~~if~~*ffi"{ ~ffi"{ ~mtf ~II ~ ~ mll'lT"'flT{ * ~ 0ffi ~ mtr ~n 1lt ~ 1 *JWtffi 'R ~ ~ ~ ~ !R¥ ~ %, eli Wf-Wl~~-mrctt~~~qiT1ft ml 1. ~ q)'f ~ CIiR cmrr c8 w:m ~~~ ctt wa *~ ~ y~lffiCIiT ~ 1l1'Jl'ilihl{1 t qjf ;rffi~Mo~~~~tt~~I~~ ct~~1JTIfct~~i3fu:~i3WfmGf.fftt 1981 ~*lf"~~~"ffi1:"~Wlfct~om ct~mct~ 1991 tt~ct~~lftr~1 ".~\if17IURTt!R" *~Cfqi~~ mI ~ ,il1l1 011 1 ti Cf}{Tq '1 Ili ~ 1971 tt ~ ~* 1f ~, ~ 3fR ~ ct m:rr q;) ~ fctm ~ m, qtf ~ ~ q;) ~ 15. ~~'lrJtijcrn-~~~\iTRctT~ 'O!rntf ~ 7J'llT Ell I ~ 1991 ctT~~~~*~~*q;f I3ItR1m ~ Cfi!tf 1)' ~ ~ i ~ fit 1jq.f, \if'17TURT '%H, 11.1981 ttfuTT~~*tt~~~ _, ~vnfu/~iif"1'ii!TRt, mm, ~Cfi!tf'tIiBqffi, ~lf~~~lq~~~~* q1{tr~ ~ qjfll em- ~, Cfi!tf mem- Cfffi ~ ~ ~ q;r ct~lfm~~~I~q;r~,~ mGturq.~1 "ffi'CRT ct f 26. ~MMS1tm~~ (~)it~tt_ 21. ~ 'lr ~ 'lr ~ ~ ~ GR m~ iilT lfcfi ~~ fcIiTt ~ 1 mifcli ~ ~ ~ '3iWT ~ t, ~ ~ '[if ~ ~ vrr;R ct~, fco W ~ mcm~, ~ '#1', ~ ~ rtT J:%tT~Cf!Titt~, ~nnm~!1n~~if~ 1:% tt ~ q]O~~ i'hT ~%I (xxiiQ ~vnm~~~ cmi hlm qft1:rrqr 'fiT ~ 1Jm mI ~ ~ 'fiB mff cfi ~ CfiI WR M W • ~ -&0 if 'fiI11 ~ ~ ~ Wlm3IT t ~ if ~ m ~ Wtm3IT ~ (iv) ~ 1!!m ~ ~ qffi"fl'lft ~ C!iT 6P« fwrW ~ 62. ~ t ~ ctr f.l'"'iRlfulct 1ltcr ~frr:m;l eli ~ G~Tf<:rr 1lRI 'T'lT %1m mf.tm 00 ~, 10+2 ~ t 11m %: ~rg .c.~ ~ ~ -, ,.,.ri;. ~, ~r2:{l{1 ~2:, ~1-,!'lI (ii) ~ ~ cfi w ';f1R ~m CfiTiill 8 # 17 ~ 1901 # 1991 (W) tr fufi1;:;J 10m \iR1JURT3IT 80. q;ffi, fc$HtJ;Ct~ Y~Ii4~I(iI~hiT ~--31Wf~Tfm VI'fI11l'RT tm: cf; $r CJl ~Tfcrr %I ~ ~ &m ~ rtt 7Jm %1 00 ~ "ffl (fqi 85. ~ \H~ ~-~ ChT ~/q'''iWRf 90. Cfiffil1 13-)5 ~ 16-18 ~T: ~ vrffit ~ ~/~r.rITI~ ~ m 1f{ ~ fihm 1fm ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ &it ~ ffi-~ ~ 91. ~ 55-57 0fIT 58-60 ~T: ~ CfillT m emIT ~ CfiTll" ;r ern (ffiif)' ~-1fcfi~~ mtit~~ ffi fJIm~ #md' 1i-~" ~ ~ ct n I. ffi I. m I. ffi I. ffi tt'!i ~ 6t Jfr ~ fumT, ~, ~,~, ~ 2.~ 2.~ tr _ i3ft1 ~ ct "W13 ~~~ 5. ~mR ct ~ _ oRt cfi CfiR11T ~ ri ~ ~ ~ 00 ~ I ~ oRt ~'fiT1:%ill o ~,~i3ln:_m~1 fiffiRT ~ tR ~ ~ ~ 0J1ll1R 1.0 ( i3fIT 15.0'( ~T: d fit<)~, m ~nr:r:IR 23.0'( ~ I ~~ If( WlRJ • qqf 11.15 ~.1ft. mI ~ 1985 if 27.50 ~. 1ft., 1986 if 29.78 ~.Bt., 1987 if 23.25 ~AT., 1988 if 58.95 15. m- ihT er.r ~ 13~!9"?11l -;rtt i ~ cpt 1988-89 ~ ~At ~ 1988 ~ 18.50 ~'.tft d ~ I ~ ~ ~ cpt ~ 27 f?;;r m, cfiCffi 31,332 ~ ~ ~ ~ cfi CS\'I ~ ~ qqf mt i l ~ ~ ~TmI ~ if lIDT fiffiRT if ~ ihT 5.80 ~Kf cRt cfi W mI er.r ~ if ~ ~ ~ %~ 1958 if 'CJiTlf"ilif-lT ~ Fcmr I 1'Vlic:"~I3f~~(~~)%l~~~qp:rr VlTm %i3ln: Fctflr-r ~ 13. ~?;i ifVjRPTRTaicrr~~~ Im-~~ 16. ~ it W M tt qffi ~ mr ~ I ~ if, tfil1r ~ ~ f.r~ f.r:;{ ~: (~~~) wnm ~ i I q. 22. 26. ~ m Cfffi ~ $ ~ 1988-89 1980-81 m wrfflm~ ~ wr~~ (~it) (~it) 2 3 4 5 i3l'. '<rm 45,437 64.34 65,347 90.22 q. 3{lgfij ~ 25,181 35.66 7,083 9.78 1.l)tr 70,618 100.00 72,430 100.00 (xxxv) ~1ffiiA' 30. ~ lJ1lRT 1988 c(i ~ ~ 1{ 9.99 ~ • c(i ~ ~ 21.2 m ~ ~ 1977ctT.~ m ({(if 1{ ~ 1988 1977 ~(~) R-;;m~N 2 3 4 5 3t. lR}A 999,053 968,588 +30,465 +3.15 l. ~-fffi 125,864 172,697 -46,833 -27.12 2.~ 217,902 171,050 +46,852 +27.39 3.~ 212,079 179,294 +32,785 +18.29 4.~ 400,739 398,241 +2,498 +0.63 5.~,~~~ 337 822 -485 -59.00 6. .m 3,056 3,671 -615 -16.75 7. ;R: 35,962 42,232 -6,270 -14.85 8. ~3R 3,114 581 +2,533 +435.97 'i[.~ 21,263 9,926 +11,337 +114.22 1,020,316 978,514 +41,802 +4.27 31. w:f{ctT~~mif$~~~ (1977-88) ~fitt;rr;fT ~ if ~ Q-I ~~~ 33. ~ 1988 t~ftffi.q 66,604 ~~ 19,031 tftmur MTfIT ctt ~ ~ ~-.~ l'Ilmif\;R 34. ~ ~ 36. ~ q qq 1988-89 tfi ~ ~ qjf ~ 199.915 rit ~ m 49. 1951 0Cfi f1raT;ft 'itT ~ ~Mf4~f(ll ~ ~ If 54. m 51. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1988-89 58. ~ 1988-89lf ~ q 146 .~ cf; ~ 15 cf; ~ ~ if 6 m 67. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ qjT JIWlf 1948 ~ fcli 72. ~W1'-~ !Wr 467 210,515 (i) (foft mit ~ ~ • ~ ffi ern ~ ~ qq: 'IUm ~ 15 (3flT-fmr.) q;) lffilT ~ 1~ 1ft9 'WflrT 3 'ffi?9:" ~ 1~ ~ ~ mit lffiIT CiiT 3l1fuT ~ ~ 1 mt mit ~ IW"lg{4Icl 68. fvn;rr wfr1!r ~~, ~ Ff; ~ Ff; ~ ~ ~~~mtr#'4'r'qWil ~~ 1~t 3Rf1fcf~mfctqjrnW11Ff;11f't1l1f -«1lWtrttoo~~~'ql1FPR~~~~t (ii) ~-"i/if-W ~~~~q;)~~~I~. am. t.~. ~t;rr~ernif~~'¥t9~ 11 ~ *~~m (iv) 1m" rftr it- ~ <.fiT ~ 1J'i.l'R~, ~ ~ 19911)' 72,187 ~, ~ ~ ~ t ~-'§mi m tR ~ m «; l3~llg(~llI ~ 4lf ~ q wr (ro;p'R f.:lmfcfiT 3{rr mR \J1'1 llul1l 'flR CIiT~ oW: ~ i3Rf it 1ft ~ '{ffi1lft 1~WtmJff 1IT1J~m 7. ~ fi t ~r.mr t m if. 'Wlm.m 2. m~Ff;791 ~1fiCIT (96mm:r)it.~ 8. ~ ~ ~ W4m iilT ~ ~ ~ it ~ 16 ~ 50 ~:4t. tt ~ '(f{ %~ ~ ~ 1fiq ~ * ~ (54.43) om ~ rm lj1IS[qf (3.97) II ftq)i g'* i 1~ ~ -e- 6-15 fcfi.-.:iT. ctr ~ '(f{ ~ ~ 1 lIM tt ~ rm"d&:lT cwjf ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ m ~ 17.45 ~ ftq1i S'* %1 ~ foJ Wrm3n' q;r ~ tJintt %f.fcliGatP.f)~ -e- 51 fcJi:l\l. ~.~ (57.87) amwrnem,wlg< 15. ~ ctr .mr, ~ ffi ~ Wr q '1'){QIi'clihl a:m VfRqOOCffl!3TI 1)'~i 1i@ffi, "Gto, ~WimTmr~ 68.86 ~. ~ lfqf i om ~ t '@: 'CR wrn • 'CR 22.42 ~ 3lRff %, w ~ q wffi • F-fr-~ 31J'ffi' (16.39 Jllir~m) ~ ~ ~ it oerr m q)ll' 10.19 ~m~~§it%1 ~mr~vrrWitm 29.~1901 "ijt'r~1)'~m~ffi~~(1lfd' J,OOO • 3WRf ~ m it (32.48 1AR1'~m) ~ cm ~1f{mCfl'tm)if~mmm~ 1~Cfl'twr~ m 6.72~~~it3w:IT%I~~cfi~ if ~ 31. ~ q;r 3l1OT ~m~nrl:qftlm if ~~ ~ ct ~ 36. W1l'N{'R~vnm~~~~ ct ilrc211f.p~)B l1nlm NaT %% 1991 it ¥ ~ ~ if efi ~ 'i.f)f m~ m 1fl: ~ qffi ~ % ~ ilWITC: 11M cTi .~'i.f)f~m~~~Rif 238 mmm $if if 6ll ~ ~ fit ~ gm ~ qjf 59.77l.llir~'Rf CfirI1 ., Cfi"B CIOO qjf ~ ~ 39.81 ~'Rf ~ CfirI1 'liB 'CITff 39. iif-!1lURT 1991 cf;~~qjf AN INTRODUCTORY NOTE for development planning. However, for the conve nience of the data-users and for the sake of compa The series of District Census Handbooks has rability of data at Tehsil level, the Primary Census been prepared after compilation and tabulation of data Abstract has also been presented at the Tehsilffown collected through "Individual Slip" and "Household level in the form of an Appendix. Schedule" on full count basis for which nearly 1800 workers were engaged for a period extending to more 5. A general note on each district covering infor than 18 months. mation of general interest regarding its history, topog raphy, physiography, administrative set-up and places 2. In 1981 Census, for the first time, an attempt of tourist and historic importance etc. has also been was made in the series to bring out demographic and included with a view to provide comprehensive and other data in dig lot, Hindi and English, for a more more purposeful information about the district as a beneficial use by data-users of all categories. Hindi whole. Population figures of Scheduled Castes and being the official language of the State, a Hindi version Scheduled Tribes constituting the core of 'Weaker of the analytical notes was also added with a view to Section' have also been presented at district, panchayat cater to the needs of all sections of readers. The samiti and town level so as to facilitate planning for manner of presentation of the District Census Hand their welfare both at micro and macro levels. books for the 1991 Census is by and large the same. 6. It is earnestly hoped that this publication will 3. As a necessary corollary to the Handbooks, serve its purpose for planners and administrators of Panchayat Samities, the basic administrative units of welfare schemes and other data-users in general. development, administration and planning, were listed out separately for the first time in 1981 Census in 7. Prior to 1951, Census Reports were printed for' relation to those districts wherein they were not the whole prOVince/state. The idea of preparing the coterminous with their tehsils. As an additional attempt, District Census Handbooks separately for each district information relating to population figures as well as was conceived during 1951 Census as a part of a plan amenities available in each village located in the juris intended to secure an effective method of preserving diction of each Panchayat Samiti were also presented the Census data below the district level. The idea was in a separate volume under the title "Supplement to that all the district census tables would be bound to District Census Handbook". However, for reference in gether in a single volume called the District Census the main District Census Handbook, a list of villages Handbooks. Since then the District Census Handbooks forming part of each non-coterminous Panchayat Samiti are being published regularly. was provided alongwith the abstracts of population and amenities for such Panchayat Samities as a whole 8. The 1951 Census series of District Census in the form of Special Annexures. Handbooks was printed in two parts. Part I contained five General Population Tables (A Series), three Eco 4. In order to cater to the over-all needs of the nomic Tables (8 Series), five Household and Age data-users and to facilitate the task of administrators Tables (Q Series), and seven Social and Cultural Tables and planners it has now been decided to present the (D Series). In Part II of District Census Handbook Village Directory and Primary Census data at the ·Primary Census Abstract and Village Directory" which Panchayat Samiti level instead of the traditional Tehsil showed the basic population figures for each village or level presentation. It is expected that the presentation town classified by livelihood classes, were included of Village Directory and Primary Census Abstract data alongwith some information of general nature. at Panchayat Samiti level will help the planners in formation of micro-level developmental plans, as the 9. The 1961 Census series of District Census Panchayat Samiti is now the lowest administrative unit Handbooks were printed in single volume in which (xlVi) (xlviij Primary Census Abstract upto village and town/ward this, the sex-wise population in the 0-6 age-group has level and Village Directory upto village level were giv also been included in Primary Census Abstract for the en. Besides, some official statistics collected from first time with a view to enabling data users to compute various state departments, four General Population more realistic literacy rate as all children below 7 years Tables (A Series), sixteen Economic and Household , of age have been treated as illiterate at the time of the Tables (8 Series), seven Social and Cuttural Tables (C 1991 Census. It is expected that the above mentioned Series), four Housing Tables (E Series) and eight modifications will help the planners in chalking out Special Tables for Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes more effective developmental programmes. were also provided in District Census Handbooks. For the first time in 1961 Census the maps for the district 13. One of the most important innovations in the and tehsil were also included in the District Census 1991 Census is the Panchayat Samiti level presen Handbooks. tation of data in the Village Directory and Primary Census Abstract instead of the traditional Tehsillevel 10. In 1971 Census series of District Census presentation. It is expected that the presentation of Handbooks villagewise 'Village Directory' giving ser Village Directory and Primary Census Abstract data at vices, facilities or amenities available in the village was Panchayat Samiti level will help the planners in formu given. 'Town Directory' was introduced for the first lation of micro-level developmental plans, as the time giving useful information in respect of every town Panchayat Samiti is the lowest administrative unit for of the district. Rural Primary Census Abstract upto developmental planning. village level and Urban Primary Census Abstract upto enumeration block level were given in District Census 14. In order to facilitate the task of administra Handbooks. While the District, Tehsil and Town maps tors, planners and researchers intending to use Village were included, the inclusion of Census Tables was Directory/Primary Census Abstract data, either from dispensed with in the District Census Handbooks in the magnetic tapes/floppies or from the published 1971 Census. records, both the computer and manual codes for each village have been provided for the 1991 Census 11. The scope of 1981 series of District Census alongwith the corresponding codes of 1981. Handbooks was enlarged specially in relation to amen ities and land-use pattern. Apart from new items like CENSUS CONCEPTS uses of electricity, details of communication points, information for which was not collected in 1971 Cen 15. For the purpose of obtaining correct infor sus, a note on each district covering general informa mation and introducing uniformity, as far as possible, tion on its history, topography, flora, fauna and admin throughoutthe country, certain concepts and definitions istrative set up etc. was also added. The format of the were adopted and used in 1991 Census such as Primary Census Abstract was also restructured in the Building, Census House, Household, Scheduled Caste/ light of changes in economic and other questions Scheduled Tribe, Literates, Main Workers, Marginal canvassed in the 1981 Census but at the same time, Workers, Non-Workers etc. and the Rural and Urban all efforts were made to retain comparability with 1971 division of the population. Census data. The inclusion of Special Primary Census Abstract for Scheduled Castes and Tribes at the TehsiV Rural/Urban Areas Town level was another innovation introduced in 1981 Census series. 16. One of the basic characteristics of the pop ulation obtained through the Census is its rural and 12. The manner of presentation of the District urban distribution. The basic unit for rural areas is the Census Handbooks for the 1991 Census is by and Revenue Village which has definite surveyed bound large the same as followed in 1981. However, the aries. The Revenue Village may comprise several format of Primary Census Abstract has been restruc hamlets but for presentation of data, the entire Rev tured slightly in the 1991 Census for the benefit of data enue Village has been treated as one unit. In users. Nine-fold industrial classification of main work unsurveyed villages within forest areas each habitated ers has been given as against four-fold industrial clas area with locally recognised boundaries has been sification presented in the 1981 Census. In addition to treated as one unit. (xlviii) 17. Urban areas have been specially defined for Urban Agglomeration Census purposes. In the 1991 Census the same cri 20. The 1971 concept of urban agglomeration teria as accepted in 1961, 1971 and 1981 Censuses has remained operative in the 1981 and 1991 Censuses have been adopted, with some minor variations. Urban without any change or modification. Very often large areas in 1991 Census consist of: railway colonies, university campuses, port areas, (a) All places with a Municipality, Corporation, military camps, etc. come up outside the statutory Cantonment Board or Notified Town Area Com limits of the city or town but adjoining it. Such areas mittee etc. may not by themselves qualify to be treated as towns but if they form a continuous spread with the town, (b) All other places which satisfy the following they are outgrowth of the town and deserve to be criteria: treated as urban. Such towns together with their out (i) A minimum population of 5,000; growths have been treated as one urban unit and named 'Urban Agglomeration'. All urban agglomera (iQ at least 75 per cent of the male working tion may constitute: population engaged in non-agricultural pursuits; and (a) A city or town with a continuous outgrowth. The outgrowth being outside the statutory lim (iii) a density of population of at least 400 its but falling within the boundaries of the ad persons per Sq. km. (or 1,000 per Sq. joining village or villages; or mile). (b) Two or more adjoining towns with their out 18. The urban criteria of 1981 and 1991 vary growths, if any, as in (a) above; or slightly from that of 1961 and 1971 Censuses, in that . the males working in activities such as fishing, logging (c) A city and one or more adjoining towns with or etc. were treated as engaged in non·agricultural activ without outgrowths all of which form a contin ity and therefore, contributed to the 75 per cent crite uous spread. rion in 1961 and 1971 Censuses whereas in 1981 and Building 1991 Censuses these activities have been treated as on par with cultivation and agricultural labour for the 21. A building is, generally, a single structure on purpose of this criterion. the ground. Sometimes it may be made up of more than one component units which are used or likely to 19. It will be noticed from the definition that there be used as dwellings (residences) or establishments are two distinct types of urban units. In the first cat such as shops, business houses, offices, factories, egory are those units which satisfy criterion (a) by workshops, w~rksheds, schools, places of entertain virtue of a statutory notification and are referred to by ment, places of worship, godowns, stores etc. It is also the nomenclature as adopted in the relevant notifica possible that buildings which have component units tion viz., Municipal Corporation, Municipal Board, Can may be used for a combination of purposes such as tonment Board and Notified Area Committee etc. The shop-cul)1-residence, workshop-cum-residence, office- other type of urban units would be those which satisfy cum-residence, etc. . criteria under (b) above and which would otherwise have been considered as rural i.e. as villages, but for ~22. Sometimes a series of different buildings are' Census purposes they are referred to as Census Towns found along a street which are joined with one another or Non-municipal Towns. This is to distinguish them by common walls on either side looking like a contin from what are considered statutory towns under crite UOU$ structure. These different units are practically rion (a). It may be mentioned here that quite often independent of one another and likely to have been villages which are classified for census purposes as built at different times and even owned by different urban units under criteria (b) may continue to be in persons. In such cases, though the whole structure cluded in the village lists in the revenue record. How with all the adjoining units apparently appears to be ever, in Census publications, the relevant cross refer one building, each portion has been treated as a ences are generally available and the reader would be separate building. On the other hand, one may come able to identify such cases. across cases, particularly in large cities, of multi-sto- (xlix) reyed ownership flats. In these cases, while the struc road or common courtyard or staircase, etc., used or ture looks like one building, the flats are owned by recognised as a separate unit. It may be occupied or different persons. In case of such multi-storeyed struc vacant. It may be used for a residential or non tures, having a number of flats owned by different residential purpose or both. persons, the entire structure has been treated as one building and each flat as a separate census house. 28. If a building has a number of flats or blocks which are independent of one another having separate 23. Sometimes in metropolitan cities the local entrances of their own from the road or a common author~ies have considered the flats in a block or in staircase or a common courtyard leading to a main large colonies as separate buildings and numbered gate, they are considered as separate census houses. them as such. If the .house numbering system of the If within a large enclosed area, there are separate local authorities has been adopted as such, each flat buildings owned by different persons then each such has also been treated 'as separate building in order to building is treated as one or more separate buildings. avoid renumbering of these houses.* Within an enclosed compound there may be separate buildings owned by an undertaking or company or 24. If within a la~ge enclosed area there are even government, actually in occupation of different separate structure own~d by different persons each persons. For example, in Indian Oil Corporation colony such structure has be~n treated as one or more where the buildings are owned by the corporation but separate buildings. Sometimes there may be a number they are in occupation of its employees. Each such of structures within an encl~sed area or compound building has been reckoned as a separate building. But owned by an undertaking or company or government if in anyone of these buildings, there are flats in which are occupied by their employees. Each such occupation of different households, each such flat is structure is treated as a separate building. If such treated as a separate census house. buildings have a number of flats or blocks which are independent of one another having separate entrance 29. It may be difficult to apply the definition of from a common courtyard or staircase and occupied Census House strictly in certain cases. For example, by different households, each such flat or block has in an urban area, a flat has five rooms, each room been considered as a separate census house. having a direct entrance to the common staircase or courtyard. By definition, this has to be treated as five 25. Usually a structure has four walls and a roof. census houses. If all those five rooms are occupied by But in some areas the very nature of construction of a single household, it is not realistic to treat them as houses is such that there may not be any wall. For five census houses. In such a case, 'singleness' of use example, a conical roof almost touching the ground of these rooms alongwith the main house is consid having no walls as such and an entrance is provided. ered and the entire flat is treated as one census house. Such structures have been treated as buildings and On the other hand, if two independent households census houses, as the case may be. occupy these five rooms, the first household living in 26. If there are more than one structure within an three rooms and the second household occupying two enclosed or open compound (premises) belonging to rooms, considering the use, the first three rooms the same persons e.g., the main house, the servant's together are treated as one census house and the quarter, the garage, etc., the whole premises have remaining rooms as another census house. But if each been treated as only one building and each of the room is occupied by an independent household, each constituent separate structures has been taken as a such room is treated as a separate census house. census house provided these structures satisfy the 30. In case of hostels, hotels, etc., even if the defin~ion of a 'Census House' given hereafter. door of each room in which an inmate lives opens to Census House a common verandah, staircase, courtyard or common room, as it happens almost invariably, the entire has 27. A Census House is a building or part of a teVhotel building is treated as one census house. But building having a separate main entrance from the if such hostels/hotels have out-houses or other struc- • No such numbering done by town authorities has been adopted for any urban unit in Rajasthan. (Q tures used for different purposes or the same purpose any of them from doing so. There may be a household each such structure attached to the main hosteVhotel of person related by blood or a household of unrelated is treated as a separate census house. In some parts persons or having a mix of both. Examples of unre of the country, in rural areas, the pattern of habttation' lated households are boarding houses, messes, hos is such that a group of huts located in a compound, tels, residential hotels, rescue homes, jails, ashrams whet~er enclosed or unenclosed is occupied by one etc. These are called 'Institutional Households'. There household. While the main residence may be located may be one member households, two member house in one hut, other huts may be used for sleeping, or as holds or multi-member households. For census pur a kitchen, bathroom, baithak, etc. Though each of the poses, each one of these types is regarded as a 'house huts is a separate structure, they form a single housing hold'. unit and, therefore, have to be treated collectively as a single census house. If some of the huts are used 35. If a group of persons who are unrelated to by one household and the others by a second house each other live in a census house but do not have their hold as residence, then the two groups of huts are meals from the common kitchen, they would not con treated as separate census houses. However, if there stitute an institutional household. Each such person are also other huts in the compound used for other has to be treated as a separate household. The im purposes and not as a part of the households resi portant link in finding out whether there is a household dence such as, cattleshed, workshed, etc., they are or not is a common kitchen. treated as separate census houses. Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes 31. It is also possible that a household uses 36. A person is identified as a member of a another structure, e.g., a baithak, separated from the Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe on the basis main residence by some distance or by other structures of the prescribed lists of Scheduled Castes and Sched or by a road. In such cases, separate structure used uled Tribes as per the Scheduled Castes and Sched as baithak is treated as a separate census house. uled Tribes Lists (Amendment) Order, 1976 issued by the President of India. Scheduled Castes can be from 32. It is usual to find in municipal towns and cities that every site, whether built up or not, is numbered among Hindus or Sikhs or Buddhists only while a by the municipal authorities on property basis. Such member of a Scheduled Tribes can profess any religion. If the person belonging to a Scheduled Caste or open sites, even if they are enclosed by a compound Scheduled Tribe has returned to his/her caste or tribe, wall are not listed for census purposes. Only cases where a structure with roof has come up are treated tt is reckoned as Scheduled Caste or Scheduled Tribe as census houses and listed. But in some areas the only if that name finds place in the prescribed list. very nature of construction of houses is such that there Literates may not be any wall, for. example, with a conical roof almost touching the ground and an entrance is also 37. A person who can both read and write with provided thus there would not be any wall as such. understanding in any language is treated as literate. A Such structures have, of course, been treated as build person who can merely read but cannot write, is not ings and census houses. literate. It is not necessary that a person who is literate should have received any formal education or should 33. Pump houses, temples and other similar struc have p~sed any minimum educational standard. tures have also been treated as census houses as However, all children of the age of 6 years or less are these are places where people can live. Obviously, treated as illiterate even if the child is going to a school such structures would not be treated as census hous and may have picked up reading and wrtting a few odd es if they are so small that no person can live in them. words. Household Main Worker, Marginal Worker and Non-Worker 34. A household is a group of persons who com 38. 'Work' may be defined as participation in any monly live together and would take their meals from economically productive activity. Such participation may a common kitchen unless the exigencies of work prevent be physical or mental in nature. Work involves not only (IQ actual work but also effective supervision and direction was decided that this question should be canvassed of work. only for non-workers. Further to ascertain the number of entrants to the labour force for the first time, it was 39. The Work' concept of 1961 and 1971 Cen decided that in respect of non-workers seeking/available suses, as opposed to the income or economic inde for work, information whether they are seeking/available pendence concept of the earlier censuses, was adopt· , for work for the first time or not should also be ed for 1981 Census, but the criteria for classification ascertained. of persons as workers was changed. While in the 1961 Main Workers and 1971 Censuses different approaches, namely usual status and current status were adopted with reference 41. The activity of main workers is classified into period of one year and one week for seasonal and following 9 industrial categories: regular work respectively, in the 1981 Census the usual status approach was adopted uniformly for all work. In I. Cultivator: A person is considered as a cultivator 1961 a person qualified as a worker if he had worked if he or she has been engaged either as an employer, regularly during the last season or if he had worked single worker or family worker in cultivation of land atleast for a day in regular non-seasonal work during owned or held from government or from private persons the preceding fortnight. At the 1971 Census, a person or institutions for payment in cash, kind or share in was treated as a worker only if he had spent his time cultivation including supervision or direction of mainly in work or if he had worked atleast for a day cuttivation.Cultivation involves ploughing, sowing and in regular (non-seasonaQ work during the preceding harvesting and production of cereals and milled crops week. The dichotomy of worker/non-worker of 1961 such as wheat, paddy, jowar, bajara, ragi, etc., and and 1971 Censuses was discarded at the 1981 Cen other crops such as sugarcane, groundnut, tapioca, sus aM instead a trichotomy of main workers, margin pulses, raw jute, kindered fibre crop, cotton etc. It does al workers and non-workers was adopted. For main not include fruit growing, vegetable growing or keeping worker the time criteria of engagement in work for the orchards or groves or working on plantations like tea, major part of the year Le. 183 days or more was coffee, rubber, chinchona and other medicinal adopted while those who worked for sometime during plantations. the last year but not for the major part of the year i.e., 183 days or more were treated as marginal workers. II. Agricultural Labourer: A person who works on Those who had never worked during the last year were another person's land for wages in cash, kind or share treated as non-workers. This trichotomy partially per is considered as an agricutturallabourer. He/she has mitted a comparability of 1981 Census etonomic data no risk in the CUltivation, but he/she merely works on with that of 1971 as well as 1961. The main workers another person's land for wages. An agricultural labourer of 1981 Census were expected to correspond to the has no right of lease or contract on land on which he/ workers of 1971 and main workers and marginal she works. workers of 1981 together to the workers of 1961. III. Livestock, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting and 40. In 1991, to ensure comparability of data, it Plantations, Orchards & Allied Activities: Those was decided to continue the concepts and definitions who are engaged in rearing up goats, sheep, horses, used in 1981 Census. It was further decided that the pigs, ducks, bees, silk-worms are treated as workers long reference period of one year for both seasonal under livestock. Similarly, persons engaged in fishing and regular activities would also be adopted as was or doing plantation or conservation of forests come done in 1981 Census. In order to ensure that the under this category of workers. economic activity of unpaid workers on farm or in family enterprise, specially the women and children IV. Mining and Quarrying: Persons engaged in who are the predominant constituents of this work different type of mines such as coal, lignite, crude force, if properly enumerated in the 1991 Census, it petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, manganese, gold, was decided to incorporate the words "including unpaid silver, copper ores and quarrying of stones, clay and work in farm or in family enterprise" in the Schedule sandpits, precious and semi precious stones, mica etc. itself. On the question of seeking/available for work it come under this category of workers. (Iii) V. Manufacturing. Processing. Servicing and recreational and cultural services and personal services. Repairs: Thus, it would appear that this category covers all such workers who do not come under any of the 49. The category has been divided into two sub industrial categories mentioned in the foregoing categories namely (a) Household Industry and (b) Other paragraphs and also those whose activities have not than Household Industry. been adequately described. General labourers who V(a). Household Industry: A Household Industry is are accustomed to work in various miscellaneous jobs defined as an industry conducted by the head of the are also classified under 'other services'. household himself/herself and/or mainly by the member Marginal Workers of the household at home or within the village in rural areas and within the premises of the house where the 42. Marginal workers are those who have worked household lives in urban areas and that it does not run any time at all in the year preceding the enumeration as a registered factory. A Household Industry further but have not worked for major part of that year. In related to production processing, servicing, repairing other words, those who have worked any time at all or making and selling (but not merely selling) of goods. in the year preceding the enumeration but the period It does not include professions such as that of a pleader, for which they have worked is less than 183 days are astrologer etc. or merely trade or business, even if categorised as marginal workers. Those who have such professions, trade or services are run at home worked for a major part of that year i.e. for 183 days by members of household. or more, are categorised as main workers. Thus, 'oth er workers' can be either main workers or marginal V(b). Other than Household Industry: This category workers. of industry deals with production, processing, servicing and repairing done in places other than in household Non-Workers industry. 43. To distinguish between an 'other-worker' and VI. Construction: All persons engaged in construction a 'non-worker' a reference to the definition of ''work'' and maintenance of buildings, roads, railways, would be relevant. While the 'other-worker' participat telegraphs, telephone, waterways and water reservoirs, ed in an economically productive activity and thus did hydroelectric/projects, industrial plants and activities ''work'' a non·worker has never worked in connection allied to constructions such as plumbing, heating and with an economically productive activity any time at all air conditioning installation, setting of tiles, marble, in the year preceding the enumeration. Non-workers brick etc. are treated as workers under this category. can belong to one of the following seven categories. VII. Trade and Commerce: This category includes all Household Duties workers employed in wholesale and retail trade of all 44. This covers all person who were engaged in kinds and other commercial activities like financing, unpaid household duties and who had not done any insurance, real estate and business services and legal ''work'' during the last one year preceding the enumer services as are rendered by advocates, barristers, ation. If a person who normally attended to household pleaders etc. duties and was also engaged in some economic ac VIII. Transport, Storage and Communications: All tivities, then he/she is a worker and not a non-worker. persons employed in any form of transport either by For example, a housewife may have helped in family road, rail, water or air and persons participating in cu~ivation or agriculture or made and sold cow-dung storage, warehousing activities and communications cakes at odd times, or prepared papar, pickles etc. such as postal, telegraphs, telephones and and s91d them. She would be treated as a worker and broadcasting are treated workers under this category. not as a non-worker though she is mainly a housewife. IX. Other Services: This class includes all workers Students engaged in services like electricity, gas, water, publiF administration and defence services, sanitary services, 45. This category covers all full-time students education, scientific and research services, medical and children attending school. If a student participated and hea~h services, religious and welfare services, in some economically productive work, say by helping (lii~ as an unpaid family worker in family cultivation, or in doing before he or she was apprehended. Similarly a household industry, trade or business, such student person temporarily in a hospital or other similar has to be treated as a worker and not as a student. institution has to be recorded for the kind of work he On the other hand, a person who mainly attended to or she was doing before he or she was admitted into household duties but took a correspondence course or the hospitalnnstitution. But for a long-term undertrial attended a part-time class would be treated as en prisoner or convict in a prison or for long term inmate gaged in household duties and is not treated as stu of penal or charitable or mental institutions, the person's dent. previous work would not be recorded. A person is to be considered as 'long term' inmate if he or she has Dependents been in such an institution for six months or more. 46. This category includes all dependents such Other Non-workers as infants or children not attending school or a person permanently disabled from work because of illness or 50. This category includes all non-workers who old age. Dependents include even able bodied per might not have come under any of the above six sons who cannot be categorised in any other category categories but who were looking for work. A boyar a of non-workers but are dependent on others. However, girl who had completed education or had stopped if such a person who is dependent on others for sub studying and was looking for work comes under this sistence has been seeking work, he or she is category. categorised as ·other non-worker". SCOPE OF VILLAGE AND TOWN DIRECTORY AND Retired persons or Rentiers PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT 47. A person who has retired from service and 51. In Part·A of the District Census Handbook, is doing no other work, i.e. not employed again in entitled as Village and Town Directory, an attempt has some full·time work or not engaged in work such as been made to present information regarding various cultivation, business, trade etc., or a person who is a amenities/facilities available in every rural/urban unit of rentier or living on agricultural or non-agricultural royalty, the State. The unit of the rural areas is village and that rent or dividend, or any other person of independent of urban area is town/urban agglomeration. Informa means for securing of which he or she does not have tion regarding rural areas and Census Towns has been to work, will come under this category. However, if a gathered through Patwaries while that in respect of retired person, apart from drawing pension, is doing urban areas other than Census Towns has been col· some other work also, he has to be treated as a worker lected through the concerned municipality/Cantonment and not as a retired person. Board/Notified Area Committee. In order to have the aforesaid information authenticated, the concerned Beggars departments and agencies were also contacted to furnish information available with them. All the infor· 48. This category covers beggars, vagrants or mation gathered about amenities relate to year 1989 cases such as persons without indication of source of and those pertaining to land-use pattern pertain to income and those with unspecified sources of Samvat Year 2045 Le. the agricultural year ending on subsistence who are not engaged in any economically the 30th June, 1989. productive work. VILLAGE DIRECTORY Inmates of Institutions 52. It will be helpful at the outset to have an idea 49. This covers convicts in jails or inmates of a of the items for which information has been included penal, mental or charitable institutions, even if such in the Village Directory. Information in respect of each persons are compelled to do some work such as village has been presented through a eighteen column carpentry, carpet-weaving, vegetable-growing etc., in format in which Villages have been presented in order such institutions. But an undertrial prisoner enumerated of their location codes assigned at tehsillevel. The first in a jail has to be recorded for the work he or she was four columns give general information i.e. location code (liv) number, name, area in hectares, population and num 56. In case of composite schools relevant groups ber of households residing in villages as per Census of classes have been treated separately, e.g. a school 1991. The amenities available in the village have been having classes I to XII, has been shown as having one shown in columns 5-13. The information regarding primary, one middle, one secondary and one higher land-use pattern has been given in columns 14-18. In secondary school. The term 'College' includes all types case of uninhabited Villages, the information has been of colleges whether Arts/Science/Commerce/Medical/ given relating to columns 1-3,12 and 14-18 only and Engineering/Agriculture and others imparting education in the remaining columns the word 'uninhabited' has at Graduate or Post-Graduate level. Institutions other been mentioned. At the end of the entries of each than industrial schools, training schools and adult lit TehsiVP.S. the totals relating to colUmns 3-6 and 14- eracy classes/centres have been shown under 'oth 18 (total area, amenities and land-use break-up) have ers'. also been given. 57. In case of Medical institutions, Hospitals and 53. Various amenities like drinking water, com Dispensaries, Allopathy, Ayurvedic, Unani and munication, post and telegraphs etc. have been shown Homoeopathy have been shown together. Other insti against the name of the referent village if they are tutions include all types of Yogic, Naturopathy, Hospi available within the village with the help of various tals/Dispensaries, Leprosy Centres etc. codes. The Code Structure relating to various columns 58. In case there are more than one source of has been given in the beginning of Section-I to Part potable water facility available in the village all such A of this book. The number of each type of amenity sources have been shown separately. Postal ameni has been indicated in parentheses after the suitable ties include Post Office, Telegraph Office and Tele code in case of educational, medical and post & tele phone which are shown separately. Actual day or days graph facilities. of marketJhat have been shown wherever such mar ketJhat is held. 54. If any amenity is not available within the village a dash(-) has been shown in the relevant col 59. In case there are more than one communi umn and next to it, the distance of the nearest place cation facilities these have been indicated separately from the referent village where the facility is available by relevant codes. Approach to the village refers to the has been given in broad distance ranges viz., -5 km., state of roads etc. leading to the village from the 5-10 km. & 10+ km. communication centres i.e. bus-stand/railway station etc. This is to give an idea whether the village is easily 55. The following pattern has been adopted for approachable in all types of weather or becomes in indicating the educational institutions: accessible for sometime in the year. Where there are more than one approach roads these have been indi (i) Schools upto Class V have been treated as cated separately by relevant codes. primary schools. They include Nursery Schools, Kindergarten Schools, Pre-basic and Pre-pri 60. Information regarding the nearest town indi mary Schools and Junior Basic Schools upto cates the name of such town alongwith the distance Class V. from the referent village irrespective of the fact whether such town is located within Rajasthan or in some other (iQ All schools having Classes VI to VIII have adjoining states. In case of town situated in states been treated as Middle Schools. other than Rajasthan, the concerned State has been mentioned against its name in parentheses with the (iii) All schools having Classes IX and X have been help of abbreviations. The term 'town' here refers to treated as Secondary Schools. one of those urban centres which have been treated as towns in the concerned State during 1991 Census. (iv) All schools having Classes XI and XII have been treated as Higher Secondary Schools. 61. In order to give an idea about the uses which They include Senior Cambridge Schools, electricity is put to, the information has been given Schools under 10+2 scheme, Intermediate, under the head "power supply" if it is available in the Pre-University and JUnior College etc. village. (Iv) Land·Use Pattern and telegraph, day of the markeVhat, commu nications and power supply facilities are avail 62. The land-use pattern has been presented able. under the following five headings: (iv) P.S. wise list of villages according to the pro I Forest: portion of Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes population to total. population by ranges. It It denotes those lands which have been termed consists of two parts: Part-A relates to Sched as 'forest' by the competent authority. uled Castes and Part-B to Scheduled Tribes. II Irrigated land: TOWN DIRECTORY It relates to land which has actually been 64. Particulars about each town have been pre irrigated in the referent year. The sourcewise sented in the form of six statements. In towns where break-up has not been presented as no such there are notified slums an additional Statement (IV information was available in respect of the net A) has also been given in which information regarding irrigated area. civic and other amenities available in the notified slums III Unirrigated land: have been shown. In each statement towns have been arranged in alphabetical order. The term covers all the unirrigated land culti vated during the referent year and land lying 65. As has been explained earlier, urban agglom fallow upto four years. erations are of two types: first those constituted by two or more independent towns and second those where IV Culturable Waste: the urban characteristics have developed in the adjoin ing rural areas which have developed as out-growth of It includes Gaucher Le. pasture and grazing the referent town. land and tree-groves. 66. Where an urban agglomeration includes two V Area not available for cultivation: or more independent towns, the names of fowns con stituting the agglomeration have been indicated in the It refers to land which has not been classified alphabetical arrangement but their names have also in any of the above mentioned types and also been repeated in the alphabetical order under the name includes house sites, roads, rivers, nullahs, of the agglomeration after the name of the main or hillocks etc. core town and information relating to these has been shown here. The particulars of the constituent units of 63. The following four appendices have also been the agglomerations have not been repeated wherever provided to present the position obtaining in Panchayat they occur separately in the alphabetical order and a Samiti and district as a whole regarding various Amen note "See referent agglomeration" has been given ities available in rural areas, villages classified by char against such names. The lines relating to the informa acteristics of the population and land-use pattern in tion regarding urban agglomeration as a whole have Census Towns in connection with the Village Direc not been numbered but the constituent units as and tory: when they occur in the alphabetical order have been numbered so that the last number agrees with the total (i) P.S. wise Abstract of educational, medical and number of towns in the district concerned. In respect other amenities. of statements II, III and VI in the lines relating to agglomeration a note "See constituent units· has been (iQ Land Utilisation data in respect of Census shown and information has been provided separately Towns. in respect of all the constituents below it. (iii) P.S. wise list of those inhabited villages where 67. In case of towns having out-growths, an no educational, medical, drinking water, post asterisk mark has been placed against their names. (Iv~ Information in respect of out-growths has been includ ature is not available in respect of any town it has been ed in the concerned town and has not been shown given for the nearest place for which it is available and separately. the name of the centre has been shown in footnote. 68. The amenfties and other data have been 72. The location of the town with respect to various indicated by codes. A list of columnwise code structure administrative headquarters and nearest city is indicated and other abbreviations u~ed in each statement has in columns 6 to 9. While showing the location of the been provided at the beginning of Section-II of Part referent town with respect to various administrative Aof this book. We may now discuss the various Town headquarters, names and their distance from the Directory statements. referent town in km have been given in parentheses below the name of the place where it is situated. In Statement I case the referent town itself happens to be the seat of the administrative headquarters, this distance has 69. It deals with the status and growth history of been shown zero. Information regarding the nearest the town. Columns 2 to 7 give information regarding city of population one lac or more has been given in class, name and civic status of the town, its location respect of its situation within the State or even if this code number, name of the tehsil/panchayat samiti in city may be situated in other State. In case the nearest which it is situated, its area in sq.km. and number of city happens to be situated in other State, the name households including houseless households residing of the concerned State has been shown against the in the town as per 1991 Census. The class of the town name of the city in parentheses. How the referent town has been determined on the basis of its population as is approachable is given in columns 10 to 12 which per Census, 1991 and the civic administration status indicate the availability of communication facilities viz. relates to the year, 1990. Columns 8 to 17 show the railway station, bus-route and navigable river/canal population of the town in different decennial censuses within 10 km. There is no navigable river or canal in beginning from 1901 upto 1991. The growth rate in Rajasthan. terms of percentage in respect of previous censuses has been shown below the population figures pertain Statement III ing to each Census beginning from Column 9 onwards. 73. It gives information about the finances of the civic body controlling the local civil administration and 70. A 'dash' under these columns indicates that it has been presented in '00 rupees. A 'dash' in this the referent town did not have an urban status in the Statement indicates that no receipt or expenditure has referent Census. Density of population per sq.km as occurred under the particular head and 'N' represents per Census, 1991 has been shown in column 18 and negligible amount. First three columns give general sex-ratio (number of females per 1,000 males) have information, columns 4 to 10 present receipt under been indicated for three censuses viz. 1971 to 1991 broad categories and total receipt and columns 11 to in columns 19'to 21. 17 present expenditure under broad categories and Statement II total expenditure. The receipt and expenditure has been presented under six broad categories each. While 71. This statement gives information about the receipt through taxes implies all receipts from taxes physical aspects and locational particulars of the town obligatory or others and revenue derived from munic in 1989. First two columns give the serial number, ipal properties and power apart from taxation, it also name and class of the town. Columns 3 to 5 deal with includes income derived from holding of fairs and the physical aspects viz. rainfall and temperature. exhibitions, supply of milk, licence fee, cattle-ponds, Rainfall figures are the average of the rainfall for the fines and penalties, transport services, places Of en last ten years ending 1989-90. If the information in tertainment, allotment/sale~ease of land and rent etc. respect of rainfall is not available for any town ft has Government grants include per capita grant, grant from been given for the nearest place for which it is avail Public Works Department and grant from the Social able. Rainfall has been shown in millimetres per annum. Welfare and other departments. Other sources of Maximum and minimum temperatures have been giv receipts have been specified, wherever possible but en in centigrade. If the information regarding temper- generally they are of miscellaneous nature. (Ivii) 74. Expenditure on general administration covers Statement V salary and wages of staff, contingent expenditure on staff, grants, loans and advances to the staff etc. 77. Particulars of medical, educational, recre Expenditure on public safety cover fire-fighting, light, ational and cu~ural facilities available in the town have water and lease facilities, regulating the dangerous/ been given in this statement and the number of each hazardous trades/works/occupation, water supply, type of these facilities has also been shown in registration of births and deaths, disposal of garbage, parentheses alongwith the appropriate code. rubbish and night-soil. Public health and conveniences 78. In case of medical facilities the number of cover all types of medical aid and maintenance of the beds wherever available has also been shown. destitutes etc. Public-works include maintenance and Allopathic, Ayurvedic, Unani and Homoeopathic hos construction of roads and buildings and relief works in pitals/dispensaries have been shown separately. No times of famine and scarcity. Expenditure in public code has been provided for allopathic institutions and institutions covers all tYPes of social, cultural, educa their numbers have been shown only in figures. Thus tional, religious institutions etc. which are run or '1' beside H, code for hospital means an Allopathic patronised by the municipality. Other sources of ex Hospital. Separate codes have been provided for other penditure have been specified where possible but three systems of medicine. mostly these are of miscellaneous nature. 79. If a medical or educational facility is not avail Statement IV able in the town, the name of the nearest place, ~ in the same district or the name of the nearest district if 75. This statement deals with the civic and other in the same State or other State where available and type of public amenities and provides information about ~s distance (in km) from the referent town has been total population, scheduled caste and scheduled tribe mentioned. Details of medical inst~utions shown under population, road length, system of sewerage, number 'Others' have also been explained in the footnote below and types of latrines, method of disposal of night-soil, the Statement V. protected water supply, availability of fire-fighting ser vice and electrification besides general information. In 80. Arts, Science and Commerce Colleges have case of water supply the source of water as also the been shown separately. While showing the education system of its storage have been shown. The storage al institutions upto Higher Secondary level the same capacity has been shown in litres. In case of disposal procedure as adopted in case of Village Directory, has of night-soil and protected water supply particulars been followed (See para 55). In case of compostte have been given in respect of two methods/sources in schools relevant classes have been treated separately order of their importance if more than one exist in the e.g. a school having classes I to XII has been treated town. In case fire-fighting service is not available in the as being composed of one Primary, one Middle, one town the name of the nearest place if in the same Secondary and one Higher Secondary School. district or the name of the nearest district if in the same State or other State where available alongwith dis 81. All other types of educational institutions which tance from the referent town has been mentioned. are not covered in columns 6 to 14 have been shown in column 15 under 'Others' and include technical/ Statement IV.A vocational and training institutions like Applied Art Painting College, Pharmacy College, Agricu~ural Col 76. Information about notified slums in class I lege, Teachers' Training College/lnst~utions, Music/ and II towns has been shown in this statement in order Dance School etc. and the details regarding these to give an idea about the amenities available to the have been shown in footnote below the statement. slum dwellers. Particulars about paved roads, system of sewerage, number and types of latrines, method of Statement VI disposal of night-soil, number of tap paints/public hydrants for supply of protected water and electrifica 82. This statement contains particulars regarding tion have been provided in respect of every slum in trade, commerce, industry and banking. It gives names each town, ~ there are any. of three most important commodities imported, export- (Iviii) ed and manufactured in the town besides the number included as the urban portion of the panchayat samiti. of banks, agricultural and non-agricultural credit soci At the end of Villagerr own PCA an appendix has been eties functioning in the town. A list of the outgrowths, given which contains the name and code of panchayat if any, alongwith their population and name of the core samities or parts of panchayat samities included in town has also been provided at the end of the Town each tehsil. Directory as an Appendix. 87. The Urban PCA also has an appendix. This PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT (PCA) appendix gives at urban enumeration block level the total population and scheduled caste and scheduled 83. The Primary Census Abstract gives for each tribe population. territorial unit the number of occupied residential hous es, households, the total population, the scheduled 88. In case of Special PCA for scheduled castes caste and scheduled tribe population, literates, main and scheduled tribes, similar presentation as adopted workers by nine broad industrial categories of main for the District PCA has been followed. activity, marginal workers and non-workers by sex. It, therefore, indicates the basic socio-economic charac 89. There are sixty columns in the District Prima teristics of the population for the territorial units. ry Census Abstract. The first column shows the serial number and the second column gives the name of the 84. Primary Census Abstract has been presen districVpanchayat samiti/urban agglomeration/city/town. ted at three levels: Total/Rural/Urban levels have been indicated in col umn 3. Area of the referent unit has been indicated in 1. District Primary Census Abstract, column 4 in square kilometres. Columns 5 and 6 deal with the number of occupied residential houses and 2. UrbanNiliage Primary Census Abstract, number of households residing in the referent unit. Information regarding total population, including 3. Special Primary Census Abstract for scheduled institutional and houseless population, has been pre castes/scheduled tribes. sented in columns 7-9 with sex-wise distribution. Pop ulation in the age group 0-6 with sex-wise break-up for 85. The District peA has been prepared at Dis each of the referent unit has been given in columns tricVPanchayat Samiti/Town/City/UA level. Separate 10-12. This information has been given for the first data for tehsils have not been presented in the District time and will enable data users to compute more peA. However, a separate Appendix to District PCA realistic literacy rate, as the 1991 Census has treated has been given which provides separate PCA totals for all persons below 7 years of age as illiterate at the time each Tehsil{Town etc. in the district. This appendix of counting. provides continuation of earlier census presentation. 90. Columns 13-15 and 16-18 deal with the sex 86. Panchayat Samiti is the main lmit of presen wise presentation of scheduled caste and scheduled tation of data in the village peA rather than the tra tribe population respectively. Information regarding lit ditional tehsils etc. The district figures in the village/ erates has been shown in columns 19-21. Columns town PCA is followed by the first panchayat samiti, its 22-24 deal with the sex-wise break-up of main workers villages and census towns and outgrowth, if any, and and columns 25-54 deal with the classification of main thereafter the second panchayat samiti and its constit workers into nine industrial categories sex-wise corre uents and so on. Whi,e presenting the data for each sponding to categories .of workers used in 1971 cen panchayat samiti care has been taken to arrange vil sus. As compared to 1981 Census, while categories lages tehsil-wise, if the panchayat samiti lies in more I (Cuttivator), II (Agricultural labourer) and III (Manu than one tehsil. The data pertaining to Towns/Cities/ facturing, Processing, Servicing and Repairs in House Urban Agglomerations are being presented in the end hold Industries) corresponds to categories I, II and after the last panchayat samiti. Census Towns and V(a) of the 1991 Census, the category IV (other Work out-growths of the statutory towns falling within the ers) of 198~ has been bifurcated into followif'lg cate jurisdiction of panchayat samiti have, however, been gories in 1991 Census: (Ux) 96. As stated earlier, the data in respect of sched Categories of workers of 1991 Census included in 'Other Description uled castes and scheduled tribes have separately been Workers' of 1981 Census presented in the Special Primary Census Abstract at the District/Panchayat Samiti/U.A./City/Town level. III Uvestock, Forestry, Fishing, Hunting and Plantations, Orchards and Allied There are fifty two columns in this format. The first two activities. columns give the serial number and name of the Dis IV Mining and Quarrying trict/Panchayat Samiti/U.A./City/town respectively. V(b) Manufacturing, Processing, Servicing Column 3 indicates whether the information is for total, and Repairs in other than Hpusehold rural or urban areas. Column 4 gives the number of Industries households with Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe VI Construction members. Columns 5-7 give the sex-wise distribution VII Trade & Commerce of Scheduled Caste/Scheduled Tribe populat~on. Pop VIII Transport, Storage and Communica- ulation in age group of 0-6 with sex-wise break-up has tion been given in columns 8-10. IX other Services 97. Columns 11-13 show the sex-wise break-up 91. Columns 55-57 and 58-60 deal with sex-wise of literates among Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes. distribution of marginal workers and non-workers re Columns 14-16 deal with the number of main workers spectively. while columns 17-46 present the sex-wise break-up of main workers into nine industrial categories. Columns 92. There are forty three columns in the Primary 47-49 deal with sex-wise distribution of marginal work Census Abstract for presenting data at the village~own ers and columns 50-52 present the sex-wise distribu level. The first column shows the location code numbers tion of non-workers among the Scheduled CastelSched of the unit for which the information has been provided uled Tribes. and the second column gives the name of panchayat samiti/village/town!ward. In the case of village, area Area has been presented in hectares and in the case of 98. Area figures have been adopted from two panchayat samiti/town, in square kilometres in sources. The figures for the total geographical area of column 3. the district have been made available by the Surveryor 93. Columns 4 and 5 deal with the number of General, India. Since the Surveryor General's area occupied residential houses and number of house figures are nat available below district level for rural! holds residing in the referent unit. Information regard urban areas separately, data for individual towns was ing total population has been given in columns 6 to 8 collected from the municipal and other local authorities with sex-wise break-up. The total population here in and in a few cases, where outgrowths (part) are formed, cludes institutional and houseless population. Popula approximate urban areas have been made use of. The tion in age group 0-6 with sex-wise break-up has been rural area figures for a district have been derived by given in columns 9-11. subtracting the total urban area from the total geo graphical area of that district. 94. Information regarding Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe papulation has been presented in 99. At the panchayat samiti/tehsillevel, however, columns 12-13 and 14-15 respectively by giving sex totals have been arrived at by adding the actual urban wise distribution. Information regarding number of lit and rural area figures, the later having been obtained erate males and females in each referent unit has by adding up the area figures of all the constituent been given in columns 16-17. villages. Thus it will be seen that while urban area figures in the tehsil will add up to the urban component 95. columns 18 and 19 deal with number of male at the district level, the same is not true for rural area and female main workers respectively while columns in as much as the panchayat samiti/tehsil level rural 20 to 39 deal with classification of main workers into area figures will not add up to the rural areas as nine industrial categories. Columns 40-41 deal with reported at the district level. The area figures have male and female marginal workers and columns 42-43 been given in sq. km. upto two places of decimal at deal with male and female non-workers. all levels. (Ix) DISTRICT PROFILE district or inter tehsil transfers took place in 1961-71, only two Villages were transferred from Chirawa tehsil to Historical Backdrop of the District Jhunjhunun tehsil as a sequel tothe inter-tehsil transfers The territory now known as district of Jhunjhunun during 1971-81. After 1981 Census, a newtehsil named was a Nizamat under the erstwhile Jaipur State and was as Nawalgarh tehsil was formed by transfer of 71 made up of what once used to be called the Thikana of villages and Mukandgarh and Nawalgarh towns from Khetri, Jagirs of Bissau, Nawalgarh, Mandawa, Dundlod; Udaipurwati tehsil. and Udaipurwati region of Bhomias.ln 1949, the princely 4. Regrading urban areas of the district, in 1951, state of Jaipur also merged in the United States of there were fifteen towns namely, Jhunjhunun, Greater Rajasthan. After the formation of Rajasthan Mukandgarh, Surajgarh, Mandawa, Nawalgarh, State the district of Jhunjhunun was carved out and since then it continues to be in existence. Udaipurwati, Khetri, Chirawa, Pilani, Bagar, Mandrela, Gudha, Parasrampura, Bissau and Singhana. Of these 2. At the time of the merger of the former Jaipur five towns namely Mandrela, Gudha Parasrampura, State into Rajasthan, this district was reconstituted and Bissau and Singhana were declassified in 1961. On the the areas of Neem-ka-thana and Bairath which used to other hand, Vidyavihar was added to the list of towns in be part of this district were transferred to Sikar and 1961. Bissau which was treated as town till 1961 was Jaipur districts respectively. declassified but again treated as town in 1971. Similarly, Mandrela which was a town in 1951 was also declassified 3. During the period 1951-61, one village Kat was as town but again treated as such in 1981. Gothra was transferred to Udaipurwati tehsil from Neem·ka-thana only place in the district which had been treated census tehsil of Sikar district while Gugalwa village from town in 1981 as it fulfilled the criteria laid down for Jhunjhunun tehsil was transferred to Rajgarh tehsil of declaring a census town. During 1991, Mandrela has Churu district. However, within the district several inter· been declassified. tehsil transfers of villages took place. Among these, transfer of 27 villages of former Churi Ajitgarh tehsil to 5. For the purpose of administration the district is Jhunjhunun tehsil and nine of its villages to Udaipurwati divided into three sub-divisions, five tehsils, eight tehsil is worth mentioning as due to these transfers, the panchayat samities and thirteen towns (including one Churi Ajitgarh tehsillost its existence. While no inter· census town) as mentioned below: Sub-Divisions Name of tehsils Name of Name of towns panchayat samilies 1. Jhunjhunun 1. Jhunjhunun 1. Jhunjhunun 1. Jhunjhunun 2. Alsisar 2. Baggar 3. Mandawa 4. Bissau 2. Chirawa 3. Chirawa 5. Chirawa 4. 'Surajgarh 6. Surajgarh 7. Pilani 8. Vidyavihar 2. Khetri 3. Khetri 5. . Khetri 9. Khetri 6. Buhana 10. Gothra (Census Town) 3. Nawalgarh 4. Nawalgarh 7. Nawalgarh 11. Nawalgarh 5. Udaipurwati 8. lJdaipurwati 12. Mukandgarh 13. Udaipurwati (lxQ 6. For the administration of Justice, there are summer. In summer sand storms are a characteristic courts of District & Sessions Judge, Civil Judge-cum feature of the district. The cold season starts by about Chief Judicial Magistrate and also of A.C.J.M. at the middle of November and continues till about the Jhunjhunun and Khetri. Besides, the courts of Munsif beginning of March. The hot season follows thereafter cum-Judicial Magistrate are functioning at Jhunjhunun, and extends upto the end of June. The south-west Chirawa, Khetri and Nawalgarh. monsoon is from July to mid-September. In the year 1989, the minimum and maximum temperatures at 7. With the ushering in of Panchayat Raj in the Pilani centre were recorded as 1.0°C and 45.0°C State in 1959, eight Panchayat Samities have been respectively, while the mean temperature was 23.00C. setup which continue to look after many developmental The normal annual rainfall aUhe district headquarter has activities in the rural areas of the district. been 44.45 cm. It was recorded as 27.50 cm. in 1985, 8. The district is situated in the north-eastern 29.78cm. in 1986,23.25cm. in1987, 58.95cm. in 1988 portion of Rajasthan and lies between 27°38' and 28°31' and 18.50 cm. in 1989. On an average there are 27 rainy north latitudes and 75°02' and 76"06' east longitudes. It days in a year. The meteriological observatory in the is bounded on the north-west by Churu district, on the district is only at Pilani which started functioning in 1958. north-east by Hissar and Mahendargarh districts of Haryana State and on the wes~ south and south-east by Geology and Minerals Sikar district. 12. A major part of the district is covered by recent Physiography to sub-recent blown sand, however, the small area of eastern part is occupied exclusively by the rocks of Delhi 9. Most of the district consi~ts of a mass of rolling Super Group and later intrusives. The Delhi Super hills and the remaining part nearer to the south-eastern Group is represented by quartzites, marble, schists and border contains some offshoots of the Aravalli range of phylite of Alwar Group and quartzite, mica schist, gneiss hills, running in south-eastern direction. A range of assemblage of the succeeding Ajabgarh Group. The Aravalli hills enters the district in the extreme south of rocks have been intruded by amphibolite, granite and Udaipurwati tehsil, and extends upto Singhana and rhyolite which are considered to have provided the Khetri in the east. In general elevation above mean sea material for the base metal mineralisation in the area. level is between 300 to 450 metres. The highest peak 1,051 metres high is in the south of Lohagarh village. 13. The district is a well-known copper district in the country. The following are the most important mineral 10. Sand shifting and active dunes are the main deposits in the district: hazards to cultivation. Soil erosion is the result of constant deforestation and mining activity which had (i) Copper: Investigations have established that bared slopes. The drainage is in land and is related to the out of the total strike length of nearly 80 km. more than Kantli river system, which is a non-perennial river and half lies in this district. The copper deposits are located flows in the district. This river covers a large area of the at various places in the district, more specially in Khetri district and flows in south to north direction. It originates tehsil. Silver, gold, nickel and cobalt are also associated in the Kiandera block hills of Sikar district and enters this in these depOSits. There is a copper producing plant of district from the south-western portion of Udaipurwati Khetri Copper Complex at a distance of about eleven tehsil. After passing through the area of all the tehsils of kilometres from Khetri town. Copper ore from Kolihan the district, it ultimately enters Churu district. Besides, deposits is obtained with the help of rope way while that there are four major streams, namely Dohan, of Madhan Kudan through conveyor belts. Investigation Chandravati, Udaipur Lohagarh-ki-Nadi and Sukh Nadi. work has already been completed for starting ancillary There is no lake in the district but sacred tanks are in industries in this Complex. existence for bathing purposes. There is also a Bund of 'Aiit Sagar' under Irrigation Department, which is at (ii) Calcite: The small occurences located near about 11 km. from Khetri town on Nizampoor road. village Papurna of Khetri tehsil and Neori and Ponkh villages of Udaipurwati tehsil are under exploitation. The Climate calcite occurs in the form of vein filling. 11. The district has a dry climate with a hot (iii) Dolomite: This is used as a refractory and flux {Ixii} in the metallurgy of iron. It is also locally used for lime etc. Mango trees (Mangifera indica) are also found in making. Its deposits are in abundance in the district. hilly areas of Upaipurwati and Khetri tehsils. Beri tree (Zizyphus mauritiana) is also available which provides (iv) Iron Ore : Small deposits of iron ore are 'Pala' as a fodder to the animals. There is a forest located and worked out on minor scale at Tyonda, Sihor, nursery at Jhunjhunun. Jamalpur and Kala Khari, all located in Khetri tehsil. 14. Other minerals worked out in the district are 16. Grasses of a few types also grow in the district. fluorite, soapstone, clay, nickel, limestone and building Among the shrubs, Phog (Calligonum polygonoides) is stone. the most predominant. Among the wild animals, Baghera (Panthera pardus), Soor (Susserofa crestatus), Langur Forest, Flora and Fauna (Presby tis entellus), Lakkar ·Bagha (Hyaena hyaena), Bhedia (Canis lupus), Gidar (Canis aureus), Lomri 15. The forest area of the district is not significant (Vulpes bengalensis) etc., are generally found. Snakes, as during the year 1988·89 only 34,332 hectares of land both poisonous and non-poisonous are found in the i.e. 5.80 per cent of the total reporting area of the district district. was under forests. The major specie available in the forest area is 'Jant' tree or Khejri (Prospis specigera). It Land Use is found in abundance and is utilised for various purposes such as providing fodder to the animals when its leaves 17. The reporting area of the district for the land are dried up, supplying fuel for domestic purposes and utilisation purposes during 1988-89 was 591,566 checking soil·erosion. Other species found are Babul hectares. The following table indicates the classification (Acacia nilotiea), Shisham (Dalbergia sisso), Neem of the land use in the district for the years 1988-89 and (Azadirachta indica), Pipal (Ficus religiosa), Jal 1980·81 alongwith the percentage to total reporting (Salvadora oleoides) and Bargad {Ficus bengalensis} area: YEARS aassification of Land use 1988-89 1980-81 Area On Percen- Area (in Percen- hec1ares) tage hectares tage 2 3 4 5 1. Forests 34,332 5.80 33,761 5.70 2. Not available for cultivation: (i) Land put to non-agricultural use 18,112 3.06 16,618 2.80 (iQ Barren and uncultivated land 20,481 3.46 18,536 3.13 3. Other uncultivated land excluding fallow land 41,524 7.02 44,666 7.53 4. Culturable waste 7,591 1.29 13,744 2.32 5. Fallow land 31,646 5.35 34,806 5.87 6. Net area sown 437,880 74.02 430,630 72.65 Total 591,566 100.00 592,761 100.00 (Ixiii) 18. The area sown more than once was 116,349 21. The important produce in the district in order hectares in 1988-89 as against 104,026 hectares during of quantity produced are bajra, wheat, barley, gram, 1980-81. There has been a decrease in the area covered other Kharif pulses and rape & mustard. During 1988- under culturable waste in the district during the last 89, the district stood first in the production of tobacco, decade from 13,744 in 1981 to 7,591 hectares in 1988- fourteenth in barley and sixth in bajra amongst all the 89. The above statistics clearly indicate that a lot of districts of the State contributing 36.18, 1.71 and 9.24 development has taken place in the district during the per cent respectively ofthe total production in the State. decade. Tenancy Crop Pattern 19. Kharif crops constitute the bulk of the field 22. Tenancy in the State is governed by the production in the district since the agricultural activities Rajasthan Tenancy Act, 1955. It is one of the most mostly depend on monsoon. Rabi crops are also raised important and progressive laws relating to agrarian on both sides of the Aravalli range in Khetri and reforms. The provisions of the Act apply in respect of Udaipurwati tehsils and also inthe area where irrigational land held by tenants as if the State Government were facilities are available. the land holder acting through the Tehsildars.ln relation to the land held by him, every cu~ivator is either atenant 20. During 1988-89, the revised area and -roduction or a sub-tenant or an allottee or a trespasser. A tenant statistics for the principal crops in the district were as is one who is required to pay some rent on account of under: use and occupation of land let out to him for agricultural or allied purposes. Grantee with a favourable rate of Crop Area Production rent, ijardar, thekedar or trespasser is not considered a (in hectares) (in tonnes) tenant. 2 3 23. There are following classes of tenants: A. Cereals (a) Khatedar tenant, Jowar 24 12 Bajra 266,423 262,326 (b) Maliks, Maize 2 3 (c) Tenant of Khudkasht, and Wheat 27,866 73,653 Barley 3,165 7,075 (d) Ghair-Khatedar tenants. B. Pulses Gram 62,219 37,684 24. A Khatedar tenant is entitled to all the rights conferred and subject to all the liabilities imposed on Other Rabi pulses 8 8 Khatedartenant by the Rajasthan Tenancy Act. On the Other Kharil pulses 84,595 67,495 date of coming into force of Rajasthan Tenancy Act, a C. Commercial Crops Zamindar or a Biswedar holding Khudkasht was treated (a) Oil seeds as a Khatedar tenant irrespective of whether he was or Sesamum 69 13 not in occupation on the date of vesting. Ground nut 8 9 Rape &mustard 23,976 17.659 25. Maliks is a Zamindar or Biswedar who has (b) Other Crops become Malik or Khudkasht land held by him on abolition Sugar-cane 4 170 of Zamindari and Biswedari in 1959. The word "Malik" Tobacco 299 1,250 was also added to section 14 of the Rajasthan Tenancy Cotton 5 2 Act to classify it as a class of tenant. Section 13 of the Chillies 655 1,310 Act provides that a Malik is entitled to all the rights Sanhemp 95 17 conferred and is subject to all the liabilities imposed on Khatedar tenant and so in substance this class of Potatoes 7 14 tenancy is nothing but a Khatedar tenant. (Ixiv) 26. As Zamindars and Biswedars holding Irrigation Khudkasht were treated as Khatedar tenants, a tenant 28. A total area of 70,618 hectares in the district of khudkasht is essentially a sUb-tenant in view of the was irrigated during 1988-89 as compared to 72,430 fact that a sub-tenant is also eligible for protection of his hectares in the year 1980-81. However, the net area cuttivatory rights even against Khatedartenants. Every irrigated was 63,085 hectares in 1988-89 as against tenant of land other than a Khatedar tenant, a tenant of 60,612 hectares during 1980-81. The net area irrigated Khudkasht or a sUb-tenant is a Ghair-Khatedartenant. was 14.41 per cent of the total net area sown durng 1988-89. Wells are the principal source of irrigation as 99.21 per cent of the net irrigated area was irrigated 27. A trespasser is a person who takes or retains through wells only. These are more prominent in Khetri possession of land without authority or who prevents and Udaipurwati tehsils. The Government provides another person from occupying land duly let out to him financial assistance for the construction of new wells by the State. After regularisation, the trespasser becomes and installation of pumping sets. There are tanks of the an allottee. An allottee is treated as a Ghair-Khatedar Irrigation Department in the district viz., Ajit Sagar bund, tenant on whom Sub-Divisional Officer shall suo-moto and tanks of Kot Sikrai, Kalabuja and Ponkh. confer khatedari rights after ten years of allotment 29. The gross area irrigated during the decade provided that the allottee fulfils all the terms and conditions declined from 72,430 hectares in 1980-81 to 70,618 of allotment during this period. Similar is the case of hectares in 1988-89. The table given below presents the those allottees who were otherwise allotted land by the crop-wise irrigated area and per cent to total area State Government. irrigated during 1980-81 and 1988-89: Years 1988089 1980081 Crop; Gross area Per Gross area Per irrigated cent irrigated cent (in hectares) (in hectares) 2 3 4 5 A. Food Crops 45,437 64.34 65,347 90.22 B. Non-Food Crops 25,161 35.66 7,083 ?76 Total 70.616 100.00 72,430 100.00 Animal Husbandry addition to about 21.2 thousand poultry. The position of livestock population and number of poultry in the district 30. According to the Livestock Census 1988, there in 1988 as compared to 1977 is shown in the following was 9.99 lakh livestock population in the district in table: (Ixv) Number Variation in numerical strength over 1977 Category 1900 1977 Actual Variation in No. ()8rcentage 2 3 4 5 A. Uvestock 999,053 968,588 +30,465 +3.15 1. Cattfe 125,664 172,697 46,833 -27.12 2. Buffaloes 217,902 171,050 +46,852 +27.39 3. Sheep 212,079 179,294 +32,785 +18.29 4. Goals 400,739 398,241 +2,498 +0.63 5. Horses, Ponies & Mules 337 822 485 -59.00 6. Donkeys 3,056 3,671 -615 -16.75 7. Camels 35,962 42,232 -6,270 -14.85 8. Pigs 3,114 581 +2,533 +435.97 B. Poultry 21,263 9,928 +11,337 +114.22 Total Livestock and Poultry 1,020,318 978,514 +41,802 +4.27 31. From the above table, it is indicated that the sets were in use for irrigation purposes. Besides, there livestock population during the decade in the district were 8 'Ghanies', 748 four-wheeled tractors. increased by 3.15 per cent. It is significant to note here that the population of cattle has gone down during the Power and Electricity period from 1977 to 1988. 34. Prior to the formation ofthe State of Rajasthan, 32. Cattle found in the district mostly belong to only two towns viz., Nawalgarh and Pilani were electrified Haryana breed which is considered good for both milk in the district. During the first five year plan one town and and draught. Buffaloes of the Murrah breed are most during the second five year plan two villages were numerous while Bikaneri type of camels are common. electrified. In the third fIVe year plan, more efforts were Sheep of Nali breed is found. Sheep and wool contribute made and as aresult electricity was made available to 89 substantially to the district's economy. villages and one town. In the year 1988-89, 667 villages in all were receiving electricity in the district. Jhunjhunun Agricultural Implements and Machinery district is heading towards neal 100 per cent rural electrification. 33. According to the Livestock Census of 1988, there were 66,604 ploughs and 19,031 animal drawn 35. There is no source in the district for electricity carts in the district. Atotal of 2 sugarcane crushers were generation as such all the power used is received from recorded. During the period under review, 3,364 diesel other places; total length of transmission and distribution engines with pumping sels and 17,735 electrical pumping lines in the district are as under: (Ixvi) Division Length of transmission lines Length of distribution line 33KV 11 KV D/C AlC ole Ale Jhunihunun 170.2 1.40 824.8 1,690.3 Chirawa 325.5 1,695.6 4,1182 Nawalgarh 39.2 219.4 981.5 2,530.0 Total 39.2 715.11 1.40 3,501.9 8,338.5 36. The consumption of electricity in the district 38. Hindustan Copper Ltd. apublic sector enterprise during the year 1988-89 was of the order of 199.915 of Government of India was set up in 1967 at Khetri million kwh as per details given below: Nagar. It produces electrolitic grade copper (31,000 Tons), 194,000 tonnes of super phosphate fertiliser per annum and 600 tonnes of sulphuric acid per day. It Purpose Consumption provides employment to 8,675 persons. (in million kwh) 39. Other registered factories in the district are 2 related to manufacturing of blankets, shawls and basic heavy organic chemicals etc. The cottage industries 1. Domestic 25.551 include weaving of cloth (woollen and cotton), tanning and manufacturing of leather products such as slippers 2. Commercial (Non-domestic) 6.321 or 'Desi Jooties', biri, biscuit, lac bangles, soap, furniture 3. Industrial and rope making. Wool available in the district is utilised for manufacturing of blankets, fetts and Namdas (Woollen (i) Small & Medium Voltage 21.005 carpets) by certain families of hereditary weavers mostly (ii) High Voltage 27.200 in Udaipurwati, Chirawa, Alsisar (Jhunjhunun tehsil), Kishorepura (UdaipurwatitehsiQ, Jhunjhunun, Nawalgarh 4. Public lighting 0.421 etc. Manufacturing of Desi Jooties as also the western 5. Public water supply 6.150 type of shoes is done atJhunjhunun, Surajgarh, Chirawa, Udaipurwati, Khetri, Nawalgarh and Baragaon 6. Agriculture 102.879 (Udaipurwati tehsil) etc. Special impetus is being provided through Rajasthan Khadi and Village Industries Board to 7. Others 10.388 Khadi and other village industries. Total 199.915 40. Industrial areas have been developed at Jhunjhunun, Khetri, Chirawa, Surajgarh and Pilani by Rajasthan State Industrial Development & Investment Industries and Labour Corporation Ltd. A total of 184 industrial plots have been allotted by RIICO. 37. There are two medium scale industries in the district. The one is Thar Cement Ltd. at Nawalgarh 41. Trade Unions have also been registered at employing 115 persons and the other MIS Bhagwati Jhunjhunun, Khetri, Chirawa, Nawalgarh and Khetri Gases Ltd. employing 15 persons. In case of small scale Nagar. A labour welfare centre is also run at Khetri industries there are 3,308 permanent and 8,939 Nagar by the Hindustan Corporation Ltd., Khetri. temporary industries with provision of employment for 42. There is a separate employment exchange at 3,596 persons. Jhunjhunun in the district which is functioning since (Ixvii) 1960. At the end 01 the year 1989, 33.7 thousand During the period under reference 301,758 scholars applicants were registered as against 22.9 thousand at (208,192 boys and 93,566 girls) were getting education the end ofthe year 1980. Out ofthe total 553 vacancies in a" type of these institutions and 8, 176teachers (6,771 notified in 1989 in the district 234 were filled of which 56 males and 1,405 females) were engaged in the teaching were filled in State Government and 39 in the Central profession. On an average, there were around 37 Government Departments, 83 in Quasi-Government & . scholars per teacher in the district. Local Bodies and only 56 in private sector. 49.UntiI1951, Birla Engineering College at Pilani Trade and Commerce was the only engineering college in the State. Birla Institute of Technology and Science also functions in 43. The main articles of exports are copper, moong, Vidya Vihar town adjacent to Pilani. The institute offers moth, bajra, sheep, goats, ghee, mustard etc., while various types of degrees including Master of Pharmacy, wheat, gram, rice, 45. By the end of June, 1989 there were 85 50. Apart from the libraries belonging to the various branches of commercial banks in the district, which educational institutions, there are several public libraries received adeposit of As. 13,6321akhs while the advances in the district of which worth-mentioning are: Shri Mahavir made by these banks amounted to Rs. 5,187 lakhs. Pustakalaya, Madansar, Jhunjhunun; Azad Library and District Library at Jhunjhunun; Shri Sarvajanik 46. there were 50 shops of country liquor, 16 of Pustakalaya at Mukandgarh, Churi-Ajitgarh and Indian made foreign liquor and 55 of hempdrugs during Mandrela; Makharia Sarvajanik Pustakalaya, Baggar; 1988-89 in the district. Shri Yuvak Sabha Pustakalaya, Mandawa; Shri Pratap 47. Ten cinema houses with a total seating capacity Pustakalaya, Surajgarh; Vidya Pracharak Pustakalaya, of 5,216 persons, were in existence in the district during Dundlod; Shri Gandhi Pustakalaya, Babai (Khetritehsil); the year 1988-89. Of these, three were running at Shri Krishna Pustakalaya, Chirawa; Shri Hanuman Jhunjhunun, two each at Chirawa and Pilani, and one Mandai Pustakalaya, Baragaon (Udaipurwatitehsil) and each at Nawalgarh, Khetri and Vidya Vihar. As. 5.25 Government Tehsil Library, Khetri. lakh were collected as entertainment tax during the 51. For the welfare of the students belonging to reference period of one year. Scheduled Castes there were six hostels in the district Education during 1988-89. It provided accommodation to 175 students. A sum of As. 21.55 lakh was awarded as 48. During 1988-89, there were in all 1,488 scholarship to the students studying in pre-matric and educational institutions in the district, out of which Rs. 7.691akh for post matric classes in the year under sixteen colleges were for general education and eleven reference. were for profeSSional education in addition to one Medical and Public Health University at Pilani. Besides, there were 161 Higher Secondary/Secondary Schools, 312 Middle Schools, 52. By the end of 1988-89, there were eleven 975 Primary Schools and twelve Professional Schools. general hospitals in the district. During the period under (lxviiQ review, there were 28 dispensaries functioning in the laboratories function in these institutions in addition to district. Several hospHals are also run by private Parasrampura and Ponkh. Institutions (Government & institutions in the district among which the note-worthy Non-Government) approved for M.T.P. work are are Jaipuria Eye Hospital and D.P. More Hospital at Government Hospital, Jhunjhunun; Sarvajanik Birla Nawalgarh; Rungta Hospital at Baggar and Birla Hospital, Pilani and Maternity & Child Welfare Centres Sarvajanik HospHal, Pilani. Nawalgarh, Mukandgarh, Chirawa and Bissau. 53. There were 34 Primary Health Centres in the 57. During the year 1987,15,687 in-door patients district during 1988-89, while 28 dispensaries existed in and 793,292 out-door patients were treated in these the same period. Apart from this there were 11 general Government allopathic institutions in the district. Out of hospitals and 9 M.C.w. centres in the same period. the total number of eligible couples, 27.6 per cent had been protected by the end of 1988-89 by various methods 54. Government Hospital, Jhunjhunun is the main of family planning. hospital of the district which is well equipped with the facilities of paediatric, T.B. clinic, isolation ward, eye 58. During 1988-89, there were two Government ward, post mortem centre, dental clinic etc. Ayurvedic &Unani hospitals with 15 beds in addition to 146 dispensaries in the district. _55. Survey Education Teaching Centre (S.E.T.) for leprosy are run at Surajgarh, Khirol (Udaipurwati Transport and Communication tehsil), Jasrapur and 8uhana (Khetri tehsil) and 59. Though no National Highway passes through Udaipurwati. Anti Rabic Centres function at Government the district, H is connected by State Highway, major hospitals of Jhunjhunun and Chirawa; Ajeet Hospital district roads and village roads etc. The district had Khetri; Government dispensaries of Nawalgarh and about 267 km roads during the year 1950-51 which Singhana and also at Primary Health Centre, Udaipurwati. increased to 397 km by the end of March, 1961 and 56. While X-ray facilities are available in the further rose to 759 km by 1980-81. The length during the Government hospitals of Jhunjhunun and Chirawa; year 1988-89 was 1,447 km. The road development Government dispensary, Mukandgarh; Ajeet Hospital, works in the district during the last decade are reflected Khetri and Referal HospHal, Udaipurwati, the pathological in the following table: Year Type of roads (in Kilometres) Total Pain1ed Metalled Fair weather Gravelled ~ncluding & dressed- concrete, up tracks if any) 2 3 4 5 6 1980-81 759 647 51 61 1988-89 1,447 1,216 203 28 60, As per data available in the above table, there tractors & trailors 11.55 per cent and the rest 1.16 per were 1,447 km roads in the district during 1988-89, of cent Qncluding 0.05 per cent of contract and taxi which 84.04 per cent were painted. 14.03 per cent carriages) were comprised of vehicles of other types. All metalled and the rest 28 km i.e. 1.93 per cent gravelled the important places of the district are connected with tracks. In the year 1988-89 8,305 vehicles were bus routes but traffic is subject to frequent interruptions registered in the district of which private cars &jeeps during rainy season. Upto 1988-89, 43 routes under were reported to be 19.04 per cent; public &private Khetri Depot and 48 routes under Jhunjhunun Depot carriers 16.88 per cent; motor cycles, tri-cycles and w~h route distance of 5,935 km and 6,569 km respectively scooters 37.04 per cent; stage carriages 9.80 per cent; were nationalised. (Ixix) 61. The district is connected by the metre-gauge Tehsil-wise data regarding panchayat samities together line of the Western Railway. The railway connecting with the villages covered under each is given in the table Sawai Madhopur with Loharu passes through several below: stations of the district. On this route a railway track connecting Sikarwnh Loharu passes through Jhunjhunun, Name of Tehsil Name of Total No. of Nawalgarh, Mukandgarh, Chirawa and Surajgarh towns Panchayat villages covered Samiti by each Panchayat as well as the villages Nan Khetri and Shaothari of Samiti Chirawa tehsil, Madansar of Khetri tehsil, Nooan and Bhojasarof Jhunjhunun tehsil and Ratanshahar: Another 2 3 railway track connecting Sikarwith Churu passes through Bissau town and Mahansar village of Jhunjhunun tehsil. Jhunihunun Jhunjhunun 114 Dabla-Singhana line has also been opened in 1974 for Aisisar 156 goods traffic whereon only one railway station ofSinghana Chirawa Chirawa 83 exists in the district. There is an aerodrome at Pilan; and Surajgarh 120 landing round at Jhunjhunun. Khetri Khetri 80 62. There are rest houses at Jhunjhunun, Buhana 122 Nawalgarh, Khetri and Chirawa. Guest House facility is also available at Pilani. Udaipurwati Udaipurwati 81 Nawalgarh 63. During 1988-89, there were 382 post offices, Nawalgarh 71 89 telegraph offices, 25 telephone exchanges and 74 66. These Panchayat Samities are under the public caU offices in the district. control of the Zila Parishad headed by Zila Pramukh as Local Bodies and Co-operative Movement its chairman but are administratively supervised by the Collector of the district who is also the ex-officio District 64. At present, there are 11 Municipal towns, one Development Officer. A Panchayat Samiti is mainly nominated area committee (Vidyavihar) and a census responsible for various developmental activities in its town (Gothra) in the district. Chirawa and Khetri towns area, which include, among other things, the have the oldest municipalities in the district. They were implementation of the community development established in 1925 by Khetri Thikana Administration. programmes. Government has posted skilled personnel, Another municipality for Jhunjhunun was constituted by technicians and agricultural extension officials in these the erstwhile JaipurState in 1931, while the municipalities Panchayat Samities for providing guidance and of Pilani, Baggar and Surajgarh came into existance in assistance to the villagers. 1944, and those of Bissau, Mandawa and Nawalgarh started functioning in 1945. The municipality at 67. The begining of the co-operative movement in Mukandgarh was started in 1949, Udaipurwati in 1952, this district was made in 1948, when the first co Vidyavihar in 1959 and Mandrela in 1976. The main operative institution Le. aco-operative store atSurajgarh source of income of these municipaltties is octroi in was established. A branch of the Co-operative addition to grants provided by the Government. The Department in the district was established in 1961. By items of expendtture, inter alia, include sanitation, street June 1961, there were 415 societies of various categories lighting, water supply, construction of the municipal including the Central Co-operative Bank. The number of roads etc. societies rose to 493 on 30th June, 1971 with a total membership of 51,510. By the end of June 1981, the 65. Athree-tier system of local Government-Gram number of societies (including a Central Co-operative Panchayat at the village level, Panchayat Samiti at the Bank and a Primary Land Development Bank) was 466 Block level and the Zila Parishad at the district level is having 155,008 members. During the year 1988-891he functioning in the district as in other parts of the State. number of societies remained the same Le. 466 but the With the ushering in of the Panchayat Raj in the State, membership rose to 240,216. The share and working eight Panchayat Samities have been functioning in the capital ofthese societies during 1988-89 was Rs. 322040 district, one each at Jhunjhunun, Aisisar, Chirawa, lakh and 3,098.971akh respectively. The loans advanced Surajgarh, Khetri, Buhana, Udaipurwati and Nawalgarh. by the societies was Rs. 854.51Iakh. The following table (Ixx) gives the details of Co-operative Banks and Societies of As. 243.65 lakh to 1,600 youths. About 2,224 other during 1988-89: youthS have been benefitted under a scheme of commerical banks and refinanced by NAABARD, Type of Society No, Member- ship Social and Cultural activities Fairs and Festivals 2 3 72. Compulsions of modem living have brought 1, Central Co-operative Bank 329 changes in our social life, and yetthe traditional fairs and festivals, hallowed by medieval warriors and saints, 2, Primary Land Development Bank 32,741 have not lost their social significance and commercial 3, Agricultural Credit Societies 161 165,503 value. Moreover, they play an important role in attracting tourists as the fairs are youthful occasions in the life of 4, Non·Agricultural CredH Societies 6 281 the rural folk in India. Community dances, religious 5, Non·Agricultural Non·Credit 158 15,169 discourses, exhibitions of feats of strength and skill, Societies sweet-shops, etc·etc. attract rural masses, TV cameramen, foreign correspondents and indologisis, S, Central non-credit societies 2 4,712 Fairs are a great source of revenue to the State 7, Societies under Uquidatlon 138 1,790 exchequer, besides, being the right place to appeal, inform and educate the backward masses, the illiterate aborigines and other classes. The important fairs held in Total 467 240,545 the district are the following: Other Developmental Activities (i) Rani Sati Fair This religious fair is held at Jhunjhunun town on 68. The DADA or the District Aural Development Bhadrapada Budi 15 (Aug·Sept.) every year. The Agency is the prime agency for the development of the estimated congregation is about 3 lakh persons. The district. Under Integrated Aural Development Programme visitors offer their worship to Sati Mata. The Rani Sati fair of the agency systematic approach has been adopted to is held at Jhajhar village in Udaipurwati tehsil also. identify the families below poverty line. The IRDP beneficiaries are assisted by way of granting bank loans (iij Ram Deoji·ka-Mela and subsidies, During 1988-89 7,054 persons underthe This fair is held at Nawalgarh town from programme as against the target of 6,780 were given Bhadrapada Sudi 9 to 11 (Aug-Sept.) every year, The financial assistance to the tune of As. 128,85Iakh. gathering is over a lakh of people. The shrine of Ram 69. Similarly, under TRYSEM (Training of Youth Deoji is the centre of attraction and adoration on the for Seij Employment), technical training is imparted to occasion. Otherfairs with the same name are organised rural youths to equip them with the techniques of various atvillage Loyal in Khetri tehsil and Malsisar in Jhunjhunun technical trades enabling them for self employment. tehsil. During 1988·89, 530 persons were trained among whom, (iii) Sheet/ashtami Fair 168 got self employment and 96 wage employment. This fair is held at Jhunjhunun town in honour of 70. Underthe Massive Scheme it is tried to increase Sheetla Mata on Chaitra Budi 8 (March.April) every the agriculture produce of small and marginal farmers by year. Other fairs with the same name are held at many providing minor irrigation facilities for development. vill~ges in the district. During 1988·89,622 smalVmarginal farmers were given financial assistance worth As. 19.62 lakhs for minor (iv) Narhar Pirji-ka-Me/a irrigation. This fair is held annually at village Narhar on 71. The District Industries Centre has also helped Chirawa-Pilani road on Bhadrapada Budi 8 (Aug·Sept.). to 1,487 educated unemployed youths for self It is a religious place famous for its Pir Shakkar Shah employment opportunities and could arrange soft loans Dargah. As all communities join in the celebration it can (bod) be said to be a symbol of communal harmony. headquarters. It is connected with Jhunjhunun by rail and road. It is the second biggest town (population (v) Lohagarh Fair 51,190) of the district. It has a fine college with a clock This fair is organised at Lohagarh village in tower; but what it is really famous for the 'havelis' Udaipurwati tehsi! on Bhadrapada Budi 15 (Aug.-Sept.) (mansions) of 'Seths'. These medieval constructions, every year. Thousands gather at the side and feel happy numbering over a hundred, are profusely painted in and purified by a dip in the holy waters there. Rajasthani style. A Shiva Temple with a multiheaded 'lingam', a fine tiled cenotaph near the railway station .vQ Rameshwardasji-ka-Mela and the Aath Havelies are places worth a visit. A fair is held on every Amavasya of the month at Vidyavihar village Basai in Khetri tehsil. The shrine of Rameshwardasji is well worth a vis~ because of the According to 1991 Census the township has a marble slabs on which thewhole of Ramayan is inscribed. population of 11 ,680; but the place is most renowned for the contribution it has made to the advancement of 73. In addition to the above, other fairs which scientific and technical education in India. The Birla deserve a mention are Ram Navami fair at Jhunjhunun Institute of Technology and Science (B.l.T.S.) is located town. The Dehimai and Sundardasji at Tateeja and here. The very impressive Central Museum of Science Gadrata villages respectively in Khetri tehsil; and fairs at and Technology aims at acquainting the young with the Dhosi Kund, Bhopalgarh Kund, Shri 8agheshwar marvels of modern achievements, and thus fostering an Kharkada Kund, Mundana Kund and Kirori. Local cattle abiding interest with a view to pursuing still higher ends. fairs are organised ~hin the minicipal areas at Beer The Gandhi Gallery in the B.I.T.S. building is a rare (Jhunjhunun), Surajgarh, Vidyavihar, Pilani, Nawalgarh, collection of photographs from the Mahatma Era. Another Bissau,andinthePanchayatSamitiareasofJhunjhunun, important establishment in Vidyavihar is the Central Udaipurwati. Nawalgarh, Chirawa. Khetri and Buhana. Electronics Engineering Research Institute of the Govt. 74. The main festivals of the Hindus are Deewali, of India. Holi, Gangaur, Teej and Dashera. The Muslims observe Khetri Idul-f~er,ldul-Zuha, Shab-e-Barat, Ramzan, Barawafat and Moharrum. Among the Jains the principal festivals This town with a population of 17,725 is about 67 are Mahavir Jayanti, Paryushan and Samvatsari. km. from Jhunjhunun.lt is a well-laid town situated in the Places of ReligiOUS, Historical and Archaeological midst of hills. A medieval Rajput fort on one ofthese hills Importance, and Tourist Interest. nearby, lends it beauty. The town has a large tank built by Panna Lal Shah. A palace built by a modern prince. 75. Some of the places of historical and The Ramkrishna Mission Centre, the fortress of Bagor archaeological interests are the following: and the famous copper plant at Khetri Nagar are some Jhunjhunun of the other places which the tourists should visit. The Vivekanand Memorial at Khetri and Ajit Sagar Dam The main town of the district with a population of (above 11 km. from Khetri town) are other attractions. 72,187 in 1991 is 171 km to the north-west of Jaipur city This dam is famous for duck shooting. on Sawai Madhopur-Loharu section of the Western Railway. The Dargah of Shaikh Kamrud-din-Shah on a Lohagarh hillock nearby presents a beautiful sight. There is an old This is a small village in Udaipurwati tehsil and is Jain temple too. Thefamous Rani Sati temples are to the situated about 80 km. from the district headquarters of north-west of the town. They are magnificent structures Jhunjhunun and 29 km. from Nawalgarh town. This sprawling over avast area with many adjuncts. Akhagarh place is said to have been visited by Pandavas. They and Badalgarh are associated with the Rajput heroes of took baths in the holy water of the natural stream. Fairs the region. Jeetmal-ka-Sagar is a beautiful picnic spotto are also held here twice a year. the north of the town. Nawalgarh 76. Apart from the places mentioned above the other places worth the name are Saraswati temple at This faSCinating town is a Sub-Divisional Pilani and the CHIEF ANALYSIS OF THE VILLAGE AND TOWN 6. Only 68 villages (8.25 per cent) in the district do DIRECTORY AND PRIMARY CENSUS ABSTRACT not have electricity. Of the total 824 villages, 756 villages (91.75 per cent) have been provided with Village Directory electricity connection for agricultural, domestic or any The districtJhunjhunun has been divided into eight other use. While Chirawa and Nawalgarh panchayat panchayat samities namely Jhunjhunun, Alsisar, samities with 100 per cent of villages having such Chirawa, Surajgarh, Buhana, Khetri, Nawalgarh and facilities top among all the panchayat samities Alsisar Udaipurwati. There are 827 villages in the district panchayat samiti ranks last as only 70.80 per cent of its Jhunjhunun of which 824 or 99.63 per cent are inhabned total villages could be electrified so far. Table 1 given at and the remaining 0.37 per cent (3 villages) uninhabned. the end of this note, the data regarding the distribution of villages according to the availability of various 2. Educational facilities are available in791 (96 per amenities. cent) inhabned villages of Jhunjhunun district. The highest percentage of inhabited villages served wnh educational 7. During the post-independence period much facilities is in Panchayat Samiti Nawalgarh (100.00 per effort has been made to provide educational facilities cent) and the minimum in panchayat samiti Jhunjhunun specially in rural areas. However, there are only 1.02 per (91.67 per cent). cent of the rural population which still do not have the 3. Only 248 villages constituting 30.10 per cent of educational facilities attheir door step. The proportion of the total inhabited villages have at least one medical rural population served with school facilities ranges from institution providing medical facilities to its residents. 100 per cent in Nawalgarh panchayat samiti to 98.06 per However, the people living in the remaining 69.90 per cent in Jhunjhunun panchayat samiti. cent villages have to rush to nearby villages or town for 8. Another important amenity which is essential for getting medical aid. The proportion of villages having the people residing in rural area is medical aid. Only medical facilities within themselves is the highest (54.29 55.14 per cent of the rural population has this facility per cent) in Nawalgarh panchayat samiti and lowest within the villages while the others have to rush to nearby (23.01 per cent) in Alsisar panchayat samiti. Drinking villages or towns for it. Postal and telegraphic amenities water facilities are available in 99.39 per cent of villages are available within the villages to 67.06 per cent of the and thus there are only 5 villages (one in Jhunjhunun, rural population. 95.73 'per cent of the population have one in Chirawa and three in Surajgarh panchayat so far been benefitted by electricity. Communication samities) which still do not have potable water within the facilities are available to 71.56 per cent ofthe population village limits. but pucka approach road from their villages to the 4. More than 39 per cent of the villages !n the nearest bus stand or railway station is available only to district enjoy the facility of post and telegraph amenities. 63.90 per cent of the rural population. Details about The highest percentage of villages served with postal proportion of rural population served by different facilities is in panchayat samiti Nawalgarh (55.71 per amenities at the district and panchayat samiti level have cent) and the minimum in panchayat samiti Alsisar been given in the Table 2. (28.32 per cent). There are only 11 villages which have 9. As already stated there are still several villages market/hat facilities in the district. in the district, where certain amenities are not available. 5. Out of the total inhabited villages only 366 An attempt has been made to collect information about (44.42 pet cent) are approachable by pucka roads. 54 the distance from such villages to those nearest places per cent of villages (445 in number) have communication where such amenities exist. In all there are 33 villages facilities like bus stand/railway station. The people where no educational facility is available but children of residing in other villages have to travel certain distances 32 villages (96.97 per cent) out of this lot can reach a to avail of the facility of a train or bus in order to reach school, within a radium of 5 kms. There is only one village their desired destination. In Nawalgarh panchayat samiti where the school going children have to cover a distance the proportion of villages having such facilities is the of 5 to 10 kms. Similarly, among 576 villages medical highest (70 per cent) whereas, Surajgarh panchayat facility is available within a distance of 5 km. to 356 samni with only 45.83 per cent stands at the bottom villages, within 5 to 10 km. to 162 villages and beyond a among the panchayat samities. distance of 10 km. to 58 villages. In case of the 5 (Ixxiii) inhabited villages where drinking water facility is not Alsisar panchayat samiti having 0.42 per cent. Table 6 available, it is to be fetched from within 5 km. The postal gives the distribution of villages according to land use and communication facilities are not available in case of statistics. 60.43 and 46.00 per cent villages respectively. Table 3 Town Directory gives the distribution of villages not having certain amenities by distance ranges from places where these , 14.ln this section, the revenue and expenditure of are available at the district level. urban units are analysed alongwith facilities available in various towns. A study of the muniCipal revenue at the 10. The social and economic life of the ~tlral district level reveals that the annual per capita municipal masses no doubt is influenced by their proximity to the receipts come to R~. 78.56 out of which Rs. 33.08 are urban centres. The large proportion of villages (45.87 earned through taxes and Rs. 45.48 from other sources. per cent) in the district are located within a distance of 16 At the town level, the highest per cpita receipt has been to 50 kms. from the nearest town. As many as 333 reported in Mukandgarh (85.52) and lowest in Mandawa villages (40.41 per cent) are within a distance range of (30.89). The per capita receipt is more than the district 6 to 15 km. while 107 villages constituting (12.99 per average is reported in Mukandgarh. The highest per cent) of the total inhabited villages are located within a capita receipt through taxes has been reported in convenient distance range of less than 5 km. Only 6 Mukandgarh (73.99), while the lowest in Mandawa villages (0.73 per cent) are located 51 + km. from the (15.00). The highest per capita receipt from other sourc nearest town. es is reported from Jhunjhunun (103.02) and the lowest 11. The largest number of villages which enjoy in Udaipurwati (9.75). educational, medical, post and telegraph, communica 15. On the expenditure side, the annual per capita tion and power supply facilities are situated at distance municipal expenditure works out to Rs. 68.86 at the range 16·50 km. from the nearest town, followed by district level, and at town level maximum expenditure is those situated at 6-15 km. from the nearest town. The reported in Jhunjhunun (125.69) and minimum in minimum number of villages enjoying various amenities Mukandgarh (18,60). The per capita expenditure is are situated at 51 +km. from the nearest town. Table 4 more than the district average in Jhunjhunun and Vidya presents the distribution of villages according to the vihar. The maximum per cavita expenditure is incurred distance ranges from the nearest town and availability of on general administration which comes to Rs.'22.42 at different amenities. the district level. Under this head, maximum expenditure 12. The maximum number of inhabited villages are has been reported in Surajgarh (54.43) and minimum in in the population range of 500-1999. Then follow the Mandawa (3,97). The per capita expenditure on Public villages falling in the population range of 0-499 persons works Rs. 17.45 is reported at the district level. Maxi· and only 3.04 per cent of villages are having population mum has been reported in Gothra (57.87) and minimum 5,000 and above. It can be summarised that higher the in Udaipurwati (1.77). Expenditure on Public health and population range, higher is the percentage of villages convenience has been Rs. 14.71 reported at district having various amenities. On the other hand lower the level, maximum reported in Jhunjhunun (30.25), moni· population range lesser is the percentage of villages mum in Udaipurwati (0.82) and nil reported in Baggar, having various amenities. This can be seen from Table Bissau, Gothra, Mukandgarh, Pilani and Vidhya Vihar. 5 which gives distribution of villages according to popu The per capita expenditure exceeds the per capita lation range and amenities. receipt in four urban centres viz: Jhunjhunun. Mandawa, Surajgarh and Vidhya Vihar. implying that these urban 13. Out of the total area of the district 79.55 per centres have the deficit budgets. The pattern of receipt cent is cultivable, of which only 14.19 per cent is and expenditure is evident from Table 7 showing annual irrigated. Surajgarh panchayat samiti has the highest per capita receipt and expenditure according to a broad proportion of cultivable area closely followed by Alsisar classification at town and district level. panchayat samiti and the lowest proportion is witnessed in Khetri panchayat samiti. Chirawa panchayat samiti 16. Institutions upto Higher Secondary/lnter/PUC/ has good irrigational facilities where highest proportion Junior College are functioning in all the urban centres of of irrigated area to the cultivable area (21.08 per cent) is the district. Number of such institutions perten thousand noticed. The area under irrigation is quite negligible in population works out 0.98 at the.district level. Maximum (Ixxiv) 3.42 has been reported in Vidhya Vihar and minimum 21. The highest porportion of the rural population 0.28 in Jhunjhunun. Institutions upto the level of (14.42 per cent) reside in Udaipurwati panchayat samiti Secondary/Matriculation are functioning in eleven urban followed by 14.19 per cent in Nawalgarh and 8.96 per centres out of thirteen centres of the district. The number cent in Alsisar panchayat samtties.1 n the urban areas of of such institutions per ten thousand population is re the district, Jhunjhunun ranks at the top with 22.21 per ported as 0.52 at the district level. At the town level cent share in the total urban population of the district maximum 2.48 has been reported in Baggar and mini while Nawalgarh ranks next with 15.75 percent. Tables mum 0.20 in Nawalgarh. Educational institutions at the 11 and 12 present the rural-urban distribution of popu level of Junior Secondary/Middle are functioning in lation in the district, panchayat samities and towns twelve urban centres and the number of such institutions . alongwtth total number of villages and towns. per ten thousand population works out to 1.44 at the 22. The population of the district has increased by district level. Maximum 3.31 are reported in Baggar and more than four and a han times in the present century. minimum 0.56 in Khetri. The number of educational It has been growing steadily and has more than doubled institutions per ten thousand population at the Primary over last thirty years having risen from 7.191akh in 1961 level is 3.78 at the district level and is reported in all to 15.8 lakh in 1991. From the study of the variation in urban centres. Maximum 6.67 are reported in Mandawa population of the district since 1901, it will be seen that and minimum 1.71 reported in Vidhya Vihar, as is only in decade 1911-21 witnessed a decrease of 4.32 evident from Table 8 which gives number of various per cent, but after 1921 there has been a steady types of educational institutions per ten thousand pop increase in the growth rate of population. The highest ulation in towns at the district and town level. growth rate however, has been recorded during 1981- 17. Analysing medical aid, we find thatthe number 91. In absolute terms the population of the district has of beds in medical institutions per thousand of popula increased by about 12.4lakh during the past 90 years tion comes to 3.29 ~t the district level and the largest (1901-1991), of this only 2.47lakh were added during number is available at Nawalgarh (7.48) and the lowest the first fifty years of the present century while during the in Mukandgarh (0.20) as may be seen from the Table 9. past ten years more than 3.701akh persons have been added to the district population. This increase is 18. Slum areas are reported as nil in the 1.23 lakh more than the addition to the population over Jhunjhunun district. the first fifty years (1901-1951). Table 13 shows the 19. Cement pipes and cement poles and oils are population ofthe district from 1901 onwards with decadal among the important commodities manufactured in the growth rates. district. Bajra, moth and other pulses and oils are the 23. In 1991 Census, the district has recorded a most important commodtties exported from the district growth rate of 30.61 per cent as compared to the State while cloth, machineries, cotton seeds, sugarand jaggery growth of 28.44 per cent. The growth rate in the rural are the important commodities imported in the towns of areas of the district during the decade works out to 30.93 the district. Table 10 gives the three most important per cent while in urban areas it comes to 29.36 per cent commodities manufactured, imported and exported in meaning thereby that the population of the district has various towns of the district. grown almost equal in urban areas and tts rural areas. Primary Census Abstract 24.1 Among the tehsils, Udaipurwati has recorded Distribution and growth of population the highest growth of 32.72 per cent during the decade as against 28.49 per cent by Khetri tehsil. Analysing the 20. According to the final tally ofthe Census count growth rate in rural and urban areas of the tehsils as at the sunrise of March 1, 1991, the total population separately we find that Chirawa tehsil has recorded the of the district was 1,582,421 of which the males num highest growth rate in rural areas while Jhunjhunun bered 819,448 and females 762,973. The population of tehsil in urban areas. The decadal change in distribution the district is predominantly rural in characteras 1,257,377 of population separately for total, rural and urban areas or 79.46 per cent of the people live in 824 inhabited ofthe district is presented in Table 14. villages while only 325,044 persons or 20.54 per cent Villages classified by population reside in thirteen urban centres. There are only 3 uninhabited villages in the district. 25. Out of the total 827 villages in the district 824 (Ixxv) are populated }nd the remaining 3 villages were found 23,437 per sq. km. while tt is only 628 in case of uninhabited at the time of Census count. The villages Udaipurwati town. vary in size not only in terms of area but in population too. 28. There are in all811 villages in the district which While some of the villages have insignificant population have density exceeding 50 person per sq. km. Such which sometimes is in one digit only, 6 villages have villages constitute about 98.43 per cent of the total population even more than 10,000 persons. However, inhabited villages. Even in this category 356 villages the maximum number of 491 villages which account for (43.20 per cent) have recorded density of 100-200 59.59 per cent of the total inhabited villages can be persons per sq. km. and another set of 250 villages grouped in the population range of 500-1999 persons. (30.34 per cent) have density ranging between 201-300 Another group of 149 villages (18.08 per cent) have persons per sq. km. 13 villages constituting 1.58 per population ranging between 2000-4999 persons. In the cent of the total inhabited villages are very thinly popu category of small villages having population less than lated having density of population below 50 persons per 200 persons, there are only 14 villages in the district sq. km. A more detailed picture will emerge if we glance which comes to 1.70 per cent of the total inhabited th rough the data given in Table 16 presenting the pattern villages. There are in all 22 villages (2.67 per cent) of density of population as noted in villages at panchayat having population between 5000-9999 persons. There samiti level. are only 6 villages 2 each in Chirawa and Nawalgarh panchayat samities and one each in Buhana and KhE?tri Sex·Ratlo panchayat samities which have population exceeding 29. There has been a sharp fluctuation in the sex 10,000 persons. The distribution of villages by various ratio (Number of females per 1,000 males) in the district size classes of population forthe district and tts panchayat over of the decades, since 1901. The population of the samities is reflected in Table 15. females in the population of the district as a whole has always been on the lower side as compared to males. Density of population 30. If we compare the trend of sex-ratio in the rural 26. Looking to the size of each panchayat samiti and urban areas, we notice that in 1911 and 1951 the sex within the district it wi" be seen that Udaipurwati ratio was favouring females in the urban areas of the panchayatsamiti has the maximum share with 14.36 per district. The proportion of females was comparatively cent proportion in the total rural area of the district. higher in urban areas than in rural areas. Table 17 gives Chirawa panchayat samiti ranks at the bottom covering the sex-ratio of the district for the period 1901-91. only 8.45 per cent of the total rural area of the district. Jhunjhunun panchayat samiti accounts for 14.18 per 31. A study of the pattern of sex-ratio in all the eight cent. In terms of population we find that the highest panchayat samities of the district would reveal that in contribution to the district rural population is made by 1991 the proportion of females to total male population Udaipurwati panchayat samiti which has the highest is highest in Alsisar panchayat samiti, the sex-ratio share in terms of area also. being 981 and the lowest in Khetri panchayat samiti being 898. Among the urban centres while Mandawa 27. On an average the density of population in the has recorded the highest sex-ratio of 1006, it is only 575 district works out to 267 persons per sq. km. which is at almost half in the case of Vidya Vihar NAC. Table 18 the fourth ranking in the State. However, there is a sharp provides the panchayat samiti-wise and town-wise sex variation in this respect in the rural and urban areas of ratio data as obtained during 1991 Census. the district, whereas in the rural areas the density of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes population is only 217 persons per sq. km., tt has worked outto 2,294 persons inthe urban areas, the lat-er being 32. According to 1991 Census 15.37 per cent ten times more than the former. In the rural areas of the people among the total population belong to scheduled district, Nawalgarh panchayat samiti has the highest castes while in 1981 this proportion was 14.91 per cent. density of 273 persons per sq. km., which is about26 per Thus during the decade 1981-91, the increase in the cent more than the average density of 217 persons proportion of scheduled caste population as compared recorded for the entire rural areas of the district. In the to 1971-81 decade in total population of scheduled urban areas, Jhunjhunun is thickly populated. The den castes was only 0.46 percentage points. In rural areas, sity of population in Jhunjhunun town works out to be 15.42 per cent of the total popUlation comprises of (lxxvQ scheduled castes while in urban area only 15.20 per cent indicates that scheduled caste population is not evenly of the population has been recorded in this category. distributed in the villages ofthe district. It is significantto The corresponding proportion for rural and urban areas note that 83 villages constituting 10.08 per cent of the in 1981 was 14.97 and 14.71 per cent respectively. total inhabited villages do not have any scheduled caste population. 33.1 n contrast to scheduled castes, the proportion of scheduled tribes in the total population of the district 37. As for the scheduled tribe population 255 or is on the lower side. The Scheduled Tribes in 1991 30.95 per cent of the inhabited villages are those where constitute on Iy 1.93 per cent ofthe total population ofthe the proportion of scheduled tribe population to total district while their proportion has increased marginally population is even less than 5 per cent. There are 95 by 0.03 per cent from 1981 Census. In 1991 the propor villages which constitute 11.53 per cent of the total tion of tribal population in rural areas of the district is inhabited villages which have their proportion between recorded as 2.24 per cent against 2.22 per cent in 1981 6-15 per cent of the total population. Interestingly none while in urban areas of the district the corresponding of the village have scheduled tribe population of 50 per proportion was 0.73 and 0.68 per cent respectively. cent or more. It may, however, be noted that 56.31 per cent of the total inhab~ed villages numbering 464 do not 34. Majority among scheduled castes and have any scheduled trib~population. The distribution of scheduled tribes reside in the rural areas of the district. scheduled caste and scheduled tribe in villages at the Out of the total scheduled caste population of 243,287 panchayat samiti level is reflected in Tables 19 and 20 persons the bulk I.e. 193,865 persons (79.69 per cent) respectively prepared separately for scheduled castes are rural based. Against this among scheduled tribes, and scheduled tribes. out of 30,528 persons a little less than 93 per cent live in rural areas and a little more than 7 per cent in urban 38. If we look at the dispersal of scheduled caste areas of the district. and scheduled tribe population in urban areas of the district, we find that scheduled castes constitute 15.20 35. Analysing the dispersal of rural scheduled per cent of the total urban population while the sched caste population at panchayat samiti level, it is evident uled tribes are not even one per cent (0.73 per cent). that the highest concentration (16.39 per cent) is found Among the urban centres Surajgarh town has the major in Surajgarh panchayat samiti and the minimum 10.19 concentration (32.48 per cent) of scheduled castes per cent in Chirawa panchayat samiti. Among the urban while Vidya Vihar NAC has only 6.72 per cent. The same scheduled castes, while the highest proportion has been pattern is seen in case of scheduled tribes. Their propor found in Surajgarh town (32.48 per cent) ~ is 6.72 per tion in the total population in Gothra Census town is the cent the minimum in Vidya Vihar town. As regard the highest (3.59 per cent) and the lowest (0.03 per cent) in dispersal of scheduled tribe population in the panchayat Surajgarh town. Table 21 presents the proportion of samities, it is highest in Udaipurwati panchayat samiti scheduled caste and scheduled tribe population to total (23.43 percent) and the minimum in Surajgarh panchayat population in each of the urban centres. samiti (3.79 per cent). As regards the urban scheduled tribe population, 0.03 per cent of the total scheduled Literacy tribe population reside in Surajgarh town as against 3.59 39. The broad stratum of literates in the district per cent, the maximum in Gothra town. forms 47.60 per cent of the total population as ascer 36. Analysing the dispersal of scheduled caste tained druing 1991 Census. However, there is still a and scheduled tribe population at village level, we find marked difference in the literacy rates of two sexes. that 238 or 28.89 per cent of the total inhabited villages Female literacy rate is not even the half of male literacy are such where the number of the scheduled caste rate. It is falling behind male literacy rate in all parts of the people constitute more than 20 per cent in total popula district I.e. both in rural and urban areas. tion. A total of 142 or 17.24 per cent villages have 40. At the panchayat samiti levellhe literacy rate scheduled caste population ranging from 16 to 20 per for the total rural areas varies from 48.66 per cent in cent, 174 villages or 21.12 per cent from 11 to 15 per Buhana to 41.25 per cent in Udaipurwati panchayat cent, 117 villages or 14.20 per centfrom 6 to 10 per cent samitL However, in case of urban areas the I~eracy rates and 60 villages or 7.29 per cent are such which have less for Khetri town is the highest (76.2 per cent) and the than 5 per cent of the scheduled caste population. This lowest (46.33 per cent) for Udaipurwati town. Amongst (Ixxvii) males in rural areas the percentage of literacy ranges workers and marginal workers are only 6.24 and 17.17 between 62.62 per cent in Khetri to 70.89 per cent in per cent respectively. In the rural areas however, the Jhunjhunun Panchayat Samiti. In urban areas, on the number of female non-workers is less than that in urban other hand, Khetri town has the maximum of 89.93 per areas, the proportion being 72.14 and 94.36 per cent cent and the minimum (67.01 per cent) in Nawalgarh respectively. On the other hand, while only 2.70 per cent town. However a rather depressing picture is observed , of the total female population in urban areas are main in case of females specially in rural areas where their workers, their proportion is much more (7.13 per cent) in literacy rate is even less than 20 per cent (18.90 per rural areas. As against this, in case of marginal workers, cent) in Khetri panchayat samitLln urban areas on the while only 2.94 per cent of the urban females are other hand, females have attended higher literacy with categorised as marginal workers, in rural areas their their maximum 58.90 per cent in Khetri town and mini proportion is 20.73 per cent of the total female popula mum 21.52 per cent in Udaipurwati town. In the urban tion. Table 24 gives the distribution of population in areas, the oYer all literacy rate recorded for the district terms of total workers, main workers, marginal workers as a whole works out to 58.79 per cent, while it is only and non-workers for the rural areas. The corresponding 44.65 per cent for the rural areas of the district. A Table 25 gives the same information forthe urban areas. comparative picture is retlected in Table 22 and 23 44. From these tables it is evident that at the prepared separately for rural and urban areas. panchayat samiti level in rural areas the proportion of Working population main workers is the highest (28.33 per cent) in Surajgarh and the lowest (23.18 per cent) in Nawalgarh panchayat 41. In 1991 Census, as in the previous censuses, samiti. However, the same is not true in regard to the the population of the district is broadly classified into two proportion of marginal workers which works out to 14.91 categories on the basis of economic activity. These per cent in Buhana and 7.74 per cent in Nawalgarh categories are workers and non-workers. The workers panchayat samitL On the other hand, Nawalgarh are further classified into two categories of main workers panchayat samiti has the highest proportion (69.08 per and marginal workers. As per this classification 66.58 cent) and Buhana panchayat samiti the lowest (60.02 per cent of the total population of the district consists of per cent). But in case of urban areas, we see a different non-workers. The main workers constitute 24.41 per pattern where the proportion of main workers (24.70 per cent, while the marginal workers form only 9.01 per cent cent) is the highest in Gothra and the lowest (18.90 per of the total population. In rural areas of the district the cent) in Vidya Vihar town. Obviously the proportion of proportion of non-workers being 64.13 per cent is much non workers is the highest (81.00 per cent) in Vidyavihar less than in urban areas where it is 76.04 per cent. The and the lowest (68.46 per cent) in Udaipurwati town. As proportion of main workers and marginal workers in the regards the marginal workers it is the highest (8.14 per rural areas is 24.94 and 10.93 per cent respectively, cent) in Udaipurwati town and the lowest (0.10 per cent) while in urban areas this proportion works out to 22.35 in Vidyavihar town. and 1.61 per cent respectively. Changes during last forty years 42. In case of males 41.32 per cent of the total 45. Soon after the independence and ushering in male population are main workers, 1.42 per cent are of democratic set-up in States, a lot of development took marginal workers and the remaining 57.25 per cent are non-workers. In rural areas, however 41.73 per cent of place at all levels for improving socio-economic condi tions of the people. In Table 26 an attempt has been total male population are main workers. Significantly, it made to provide statistics to indicate the trends since the is little less than the proportion of male non-workers (56.58 per cent) and marginal workers are only 1.69 per turn of the period i.e. expiry of pre-independence era. It cent. In urban areas, we notice that while 59.77 per cent shows the total popUlation, proportion of urban popula of the total male population are non-workers, 39.81 per tion to total population, decadal variations in the urban cent are main workers and 0.42 per cent are marginal population and changes in the density and sex-ratio workers. from decade to decade. Corresponding figures for the State as a whole have also been given in the table with 43. Among females, non-workers constitute 76.59 a view to have a comparative picture about these per cent of the total female population while the main demographic indicators. (Ixxviii) ~: I ~~~~~1IJlif~~ TABLE 1 : DISTRIBUTION OF VILLAGES ACCORDING TO THE AVAILABILITY OF DIFFERENT AMENITIES mr~ ~ri ~ if -« ~ lU. ~illl ~ ri ctt m ('lfu~m~) ~ tb'Tm Number (with percentage) of villages having one or more of the following amenities District! Number of Panchayat inhabited ~m ~ ~ 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 f,m : m (lIllftot) 824 791 (96.00) 248 (30.10) 819 (99.39) 326 (39.58) 11 (1.33) 445 (54.00) 366 (44.42) 758 (91.75) DISTRICT: JHUNJHUNUN (RURAL) 1. ffi 156 143 (91.67) 38 (24.36) 155 (99.36) 49(31.41) 8 (5.13) 92 (58.97) 88 (56.41) 148 (94.87) Jhunihunun 2. .3ffilfuR 113 109 (96.46) 26 (23.01) 113 (100.00) 32 (28.32) 1 (0.88) 58 (51.33) 36 (31.86) 80 (70.80) Alsisar 3.~ 82 78 (95.12) 25 (30.49) 81 (98.78) 34 (41.46) 44 (53.66) 36 (43.90) 82 (100.00) Chirawa 4.~ 120 118(98.33) 28(23.33) 117 (97.50) 41 (34.17) 55 (45.83) 47 (39.17) 116 (96.67) Surajgarh 5.~ 122 118 (96.72) 30 (24.59) 122 (100.00) 52 (42.62) 56 (45.90) 42 (34.43) 111 (90.98) Buhana 6.~ 80 76 (95.00) 33 (41.25) 80 (100.00) 34 (42.50) 44 (55.00) 34 (42.50) 71 (B8.75) Khetri 7.~ 70 70 (100.oo) 38 (54.29) 70 (100.00) 39 (55.71) 2 (2.86) 49 (70.00) 34 (48.57) 70 (100.00) Nawalgarh 8.~ 81 79 (97.53) 30 (37.04) 81 (100.00) 45 (55.56) 47 (58.02) 49 (60.49) 78 (96.30) Udaipurwati (Ixxix) ~2:*~~;5~1JIIiA~iIiT~ TABLE 2: PROPORTION OF RURAL POPULATION SERVED BV DIFFERENT AME.NITIES ~!1I'tn 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 h:m 1,2ra~71 98.98 55.14 99.80 87.06 3.72 71.58 63.90 95.73 DISTRICT: JHUNJHUNUN 1. m 157,320 98.06 46.68 99.68 52.43 7.85 71.94 70.30 97.59 Jhunjhunun 2. 31Wfrnr 112,705 98.87 54.B2 100.00 59.37 8.83 69.19 54.93 83.48 Aisisar 3. ~ 124,621 98.43 55.30 99.65 69.64 74.51 66.65 100.00 Chirawa 4. ~ 141,222 99.67 35.21 98.87 54.23 60.27 49.19 95.91 Surajgarh 5. ~ 172,845 99.00 41.81 100.00 68.75 61.11 48.61 92.29 Buhana 6. ~ 179,611 98.21 64.67 100.00 65.33 76.23 62.31 94.15 Khetri 7. ~ 161,313 100.00 73.61 100.00 81.64 13.51 82.12 69.44 100.00 Nawalgarh B. ~ 167,540 99.3B 62.41 100.00 n,aa 74.16 63.25 99.11 Udaipurwali (Ixxx) ~ 3 : ~ '!IPif ., ~, om '§lJ p.a 'im'if ~ ~ iPn ~ m If{ ~ 'im'if i, ¥i ~ ~ ;J; ~ 1Il1f TABLE 3: DISTRIBUTION OF VILLAGES NOT HAVING CERTAIN AMENITIES ARRANGED BY DISTANCE RANGES FROM THE PLACES WHERE THESE ARE AVAILABLE "!JTIf\ifN~p~1tl't mlfltlm~Wtm~ltl~ilm~~1R~i Villages not having Number of villages where the amenity is not available and available at distance of the amenity of -5 Fli:lft. 5-10 Fli.lft. 10+ Fli.lft. ~ --5 krns 5-10 kms 10+ kms ('fflrIf 2-4) Total (Cols.2-4) 2 3 4 5 1. Brm 32 33 Education 2. ~ 356 162 58 576 Medical 3. ~"1fiIrt 5 5 Drinking Water 4. mq(IR 387 89 22 498 Post and Telegraph 5. iINl1\/~ 63 62 203 328 Markel/Hat 6. Wm: 277 77 25 379 Communication ~ : q'qJl«I ~ ~, ~, ~, B. cr ~ cf; wrIT it ;mn:,-m tI ~.!f i3'rcfQl ;n\f ~ I Note:-No Markel/Hat facility is available in the villages of Panchayat Samities of Chirawa. Surajgarh, Buhana, Khetri and Udaipurwati. (Ixxxi) lffiOft " : ~ "ollR '8' ttl (l1li • ~ it ~ ii ~ 1ITIif lIif ~ TABLE 4: DISTRIBUTION OF VILLAGES ACCORDING TO THE DISTANCE FROM THE NEAREST TOWN AND AVAILABILITY OF DIFFERENT AMENITIES ~ _crflj' P ~ mll1 qit m ('1fImo m) ;py{ ~ ~ ~Wlif Number (with percentage) of villages having the amenities of (~.lft. it) qitm Distance Number ~ lfR 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0-5 107 90 (84.11) 24 (22.43) 107 (100.00) 38 (35.51) 1 (0.93) 65 (60.'5) 61 (57.01) 88 (82.24) 6-15 333 321 (96.40) 99 (29.73) 328 (98.SO) 123 (36.94) 8(2.40) 179 (53.75) 153 (45.95) 303 (90.99) 16·50 376 374 (98.94) 125 (33.07) 378 (100.00) 160 (42.33) 2 (0.53) 199 (52.65) 152 (40.21) 362 (95.77) 51+ 6 6 (100.00) 6 (100.00) 5 (63.33) 2(33.33) 3 (50.00) mI"it 5 : 1ITIif lIif ~ Cllfim ~ pm ii ~ ~ TABLE 5: DISTRIBUTION OF VILLAGES ACCORDING TO POPULATION RANGE AND AMENITIES AVAILABLE ~ • crf 1{ ~ WtUT3IT $ ~ IlJlff &it mY (m~Rf m) crt ~Wlif Number (with percentage) of villages having the amenities of &itm Population No. of ~~lT ~ lfRCfilqr;fi Sfcfi'il'QR 'lI\iIl\1m Wm mqifcli ~&it range inhabited ~&it ~ villages ~~ in each Education Medical Drinking Post and MarkeV Communi- Approach Power range water Telegraph Hat cations by Pucca Supply Road 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 0-499 157 131 (63.44) 2 (1.27) 155 (96.73) 6 (3.62) 1 (0.64) 61 (36.65) 44 (26.03) 129 (62.11) SOO·1999 494 489 (98.99) 122 (24.70) 491 (99.39) 171 (34.62) 5 (1.01) 237 (47.98) 192 (38.67) 459 (92.91) 2000-4999 148 146 (96.65) 100 (67.57) 148 (100.00) 125 (84.46) 4 (2.70) 124 (63.78) 101'l(71.62) 144 (97.3O) 5000+ 25 25 (100.00) 24 (96.00) 25 (100.00) 24 (96.00) 1 (4.00) 23 (92.00) 24 (96.00) 24 (96.00) 'flR'Iit6: ~mi~wif'fiT~ Table 6 : Distribution of villages according to land use ~I ~lT~lHfli1 q\\ m ~~ ~"1[rq ~'liT f@m~CfiT ~lIfqf(f (M« if) ~~-« ~~"1[rq lIfu~RI ~-«lIfu~m District! No. of inhabited Total area Percentage of Percentage of Panchayat Samiti villages (in hectares) cultivable area irrigated area to to total area total cultivable area 2 3 4 5 ftIm: Hi 824 577,848.04 79.55 14.19 DISTflICT: JHUNJHUNUN 1. ffi 156 82,045.86 86.15 11.76 Jhunjhunun 2. ~ 113 74,512.21 67.91 0.42 Alsisar 3. ~ 82 48,860.97 86.50 21.08 Chirawa 4. ~ 120 78,143.66 88.29 19.03 Surajgarh 5. ~ 122 65,345.23 83.16 12.46 Buhana 6. ~ eo 79,613.91 54.67 19.27 Khetri 7. ~ 70 66,222.89 86.16 15.23 Nawalgarh 8. ~ 81 83,10129 68.98 18.79 Udaipurwati (Ixxxiii) ~ 7 : -;prif ~ Jfa" ~ 3fIl{ aftpQ'lf TABLE 7 : PER CAPITA RECEIPT AND EXPENDITURE IN TOWNS 'fIR lIif ';{Il{, ~ ~~. iIlII~"ffi' Per capita Oass, Name and Civic ~(~.4) llI'l" ("(ii. +») status of the Receipt (in As.) Expendit~re (in As.) Town ~~ 'liU&m~ lflfiilRr ~C2W "ffiltRl' \iA~ ~ ~ 3F1Pf~ Wi;l-« lr~m ~p3it f.I$r m3itlR .J11ll" lRllI'l" llI'l" Total Receipt Receipt Total General Expendirure Public Expendirure Other Receipt through from all Expen- Admini- on public works on public aspects taxes other diture stration health and institutions sources convenience 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 9 10 r.m:m 78.58 33.08 45.48 68.68 22.42 14.71 17.45 1.20 13.08 DISTRICT: JHUNJHUNUN IV~ (;r.lIf.) 45.63 15.77 29.66 40.68 22.06 16.31 0.49 Baggar (M) IV ~ (;r.lIT.) 73.10 16.27 56.63 57.34 44.00 9.09 4.25 Bissau (M) 11I~(';f.lIT.) 67.97 53.35 14.62 63.47 14.21 2623 19.04 3.99 Chirawa(M) III~("T.~.) 57.87 57.67 57.87 57.87 Gothra (C1) II ffi (;;.lIf.) 45.69 42.67 103.02 125.69 23.43 30.25 32.60 39.41 Jhunjhunun (M) IV~(';f.lIT.) 70.18 36.25 33.93 56.31 27.86 26.97 3.48 Khetri (M) IV lfW IV ~ (;;.IlT.) 65.52 73.99 11.53 16.60 11.29 7.31 Mukandgarh (M) 1I~(';f.IlT.) 61.01 31.92 29.09 58.69 26.41 22.96 2.38 4.94 Nawalgarh (M) '''~(,.lIT.) 60.41 22.31 38.10 53.51 16.98 16.72 19.81 Pilani(M) IV~(';f.IlT.) 55.62 36.29 19.53 6\.69 54.43 1.'21 6.05 Surajgarh (M) 1II~(';f.,«.) 33.40 23.65 9.75 32.75 26.20 0.62 1.77 0.41 3.55 lJdaipurwati (M) IV~ (l{.~.R) 69.75 39.75 30.09 75.82 12.36 12.0 32.61 18.83 Vidyavihar (NAC) (Ixxxiv) m8 :mii~~m~1R~ TABLE 8: SCHOOLS PER 10,000 POPULATION IN TOWNS ~lJl: lh't M, '!JlT !rtff~m~'1l:~lh't~ ~~~ Number of schools per 10,000 population Oass, Name and Civic status of Town ~~/f'W ~/ ~~/ ~ 1fI.1&"8t~ ~"I ~~R ~ Higher Secondary/Inter/ Secondary/ Junior Secondaryl Primary PUC/Junior College Matriculation Middle 2 3 4 5 ~:m 0.98 0.52 1.44 3.78 DISTRICT: JHUNJHUNUN IV~(~.11T.) 2.48 2.48 3.31 4.14 Baggar (M) IV~(~.1R.) 0.57 0.57 0.57 3.45 Bissau (M) III ~ ('f.1R.) 1.08 1.08 2.52 2.52 Chirawa (M) III ~ ("!.'Ii.) 1.28 0.43 0.85 2.13 Gothra (e1) 1Iffi,('f.'lT.) 0.28 0.42 2.08 4.99 Jhunjhunun (M) IV~ ('I.lU.) 0.56 1.13 0.56 3.39 Khetri (M) IV lJ'lSm ('I.1R.) 1.21 0.61 1.82 6.67 Mandawa (M) IV ~ ('I.lU.) 1.33 0.66 1.33 3.32 Mukandgarh (M) 1I~('I.'lT.) 0.98 0.20 3.91 Nawalgarh (M) 1I1~('I.1lr.) 1.40 0.47 0.93 2.80 Pilani(M) IV ~ ('f.GT.) 1.21 1.81 4.84 Surajgarh (M) 1I1~(1.GT.) 0.45 0.45 2.27 2.73 Udaipurwati (M) IV~ (11.~."«.) 3.42 1.71 1.71 Vidyavihar( NAC) (Ixxxv) lfRVft 9: ;prijif~ ~ if ~~~ TABLE II: NUMBER OF BEDS IN MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS IN TOWNS orR 2 ~:m 3.29 DISTRICT: JHUNJHUNUN IV~(,;[.1U.) 0.83 Baggar (M) IV ~ (;r.1U.) 3.79 Bissau (M) 1II~(';[.1lT.) 2.63 Chirawa(M) 11I_(Vf.'li.) 1.71 Gothra (el) II ffi (;r.1U.) 2.77 Jhunjhunun (M) IV ~ (';[.11f.) 3.10 Khetri (M) IV If'IST IV~(';[.1jf.) 0.20 Mukandgarh (M) 1I~(';[.1jf.) 7.48 Nawalgarh (M) 1I1~(,;[.1U.) 0.23 Pilani(M) IV~(';[.1jf.) 3.02 Surajgarh (M) 1II~(;;.1jf.) 1.37 Udaipurwati (M) IV~ (1l.~."ij.) 12.5 Vidyavihar (NAG) (Ixxxvi) lffiUft 10 : m ~ ~ H 'fll1' 'lit ~, 'f[lf ~w ~ 'WIffcf.~ Most important commodity Class, Name and CivIc status ~ ~ 3Wffif 01 the Town Manufactured Exported Imported 2 :3 4 IV °1l'T~ (,.'11.) Cement pole Cement pole Cement/Iron Baggar (M) IV fFrrJ; (,.'IT.) Gwar Gwar Rice Bissau (M) III f~~I'II ('.'IT.) Electric Motor Gram Sugar Chirawa (M) and machine III rit0r (J[.~.) Copper Copper Cereals Gothra (C1) II ¥ft ('!.'IT.) Granite Stone Granite Cloth Jhunjhunun (M) IV~('.'lT.) Mustard Oil Vegetable Grain Khetri (M) IV 4'1'111 \1.'11) Mundha Mundha Cloth Mandawa (M) IVllH'l~ (,.'11) Dyeing Sarees Newar Thread Mil~ilr1dgarh (M) I: ~ H·I~ (-l'U.) Leather shoes Earthem Pot Cloth N,lwalgarh (M) III flll~1 \~ll1.) Oil Cement pipe Cement p,lani (M) ",'l' m 1~.'l1) Urea Pulses Cloths Slh11'J<.rn 1M) Iii ~:'lll 1"1 l~'n.) Iron Scissors Chundri Iron l)d.l.~'.l'.' 1t· 1M) (Printed Sarees) IV 1I ";li : i! ,,:1 ):111.1 Electronic.goods Cement pipe Electric goods Vldya,,!:m (NAC) _. - - _ ---_------~------(Ixxxviq ~ 11 : JIIIif ~ ~ -lfR~, 1991 TABLE 11: POPULATION AND NUMBER OF VILLAGES,l991 ~fI(rnlm mtrt'Cr H rJ.lfcFf ~ ~ 'WT ~ Persons Males Females Total Inhabited 2 3 4 5 6 f.I\;n: m (lIJ1tlvT) 1;1.57;377 647,340 610,037 827 824 DISTRICT: JHUNJHUNUN (RURAL) 1. ffi 157,320 80,014 77,306 156 156 Jhunjhunun 2. iliffiflw 112,705 56,906 55,799 114 113 Aisisar 3. ~ 124,621 63,972 60,649 83 82 Chirawa 4. ~ 141,222 73,676 67,544 120 120 Surajgarh 5. ~ 172,645 69,262 63,563 122 122 Buhana 6. ~ 179,811 94,715 85,096 eo 80 Khetri 7. ~ 181,313 92,535 86,778 71 70 Nawalgarh 8. ~ 187,540 96,238 91,302 61 81 Udaipurwati (Ixxxvii~ '1ffiUf112 : ~ 3itt -:mf it~, 1991 TABLE 12: POPULATION AND NUMBER OF TOWNS,1991 W CiiT ;nJf afrr ;:wrft&;, ~ Population Irnm'f CiiT «IT Name and Civic ~ m administration status Persons• Males Females of Town 2 3 4 ~:ffi(~) 325,044 172,108 152,936 DISTRICT: JHUNJHUNUN (URBAN) 1, ~ (Of,IIT,) 17,413 8,818 8,595 Bissau (M) 2, ~ (Of,IIT,) 16,490 8,221 8,269 Mandawa (M) 3, m (Of,IIT,) 72,187 37,968 34,219 .lhunjhunun (M) 4, ~ (Of,IIT,) 12,088 6,549 5,539 Baggar (M) fimT;ft (Of,'6,) 33,110 18,924 14,186 Pilani (UA) 5, (~) fimT;ft (Of,IIT,) 21,430 11,506 9,924 (a) Pilani (M) 6, ("&:) fcImflrm (Wff) 11,680 7,418 4,262 (b) Vidyavihar (NAC) 7, ~ (Of.IIT.) 27,787 14,543 13,244 Chirawa (M) 8, ~ (Of.IIT,) 16,534 8,702 7,832 Surajgarh (M) ~ (Of,'6,) 41,190 22,614 18,576 Khetri (UA) 9, (~)~ (Of,IIT.) 17,725 9,623 8,102 (a) Khetri (M) 10, ("&:). (\if,~.) 23,465 12,991 10,474 (b) Gothra (el) 11, ~ (Of,IIT.) 15,073 7,738 7,335 Mukandgarh (M) 12, ~ (Of,qr,) 51,190 26,498 24,692 Nawalgarh (M) 13, ~ (Of,IIT.) 21,982 11,533 10,449 Udaipurwali (M) (Ixxxix) lIR"i) 13: 1901 ~ ~ TABLE 13: POPULATION SINCE 1901 ~crf ~ ~~~1iT 1901 ~~m ~ mt If 3RR If 3RR Census Year Population Percentage Percentage Males Females decadal variation variation over 1901 2 3 4 5 6 1901 341,572 181,338 160,234 1911 369,081 +8.05 +8.05 193,692 175,389 1921 353,140 -4.32 -3.39 188,072 165,068 1931 405,519 +14.83 +18.72 215,880 189,639 1941 491,003 +21.08 +43.75 260,986 230,017 1951 588,736 +19.90 +72.36 300,988 287,748 1961 719,650 +22.24 +110.69 370,457 349,193 1971 929,230 +29.12 +172.05 481,873 447,357 1981 1,211,583 +30.39 +254.71 619,313 592,270 1991 1,582,421 +30.61 +363.28 819,448 762,973 "lffiIJit 14: ~ ~ -q ~ 1Ifffif;r, 1981-91 TABLE 14: DECADAL CHANGE IN DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION, 1981-91 ~ m.(1981-91) Population ~~m -~Cfif fw;(r/ ~3RR ~1iT 1991 ~ 1981 Percentage decadal Percentage of District! mrr m M mrr m ~ (1981-91) Variation Urban Population Tehsil Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban mrr m ~ 1981 1991 Total Rural Urban 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 ~:m 1,211,583 960,316 251,267 1,582,421 1,257,377 325,044 30.61 30.93 29.36 20.74 20.54 DISTRICT: JHUNJHUNUN 1. m 294,087 208,638 85,449 388,203 270,025 118,178 32.00 29.42 38.30 29.06 30.44 J\unjhunun 2. ~ 265,080 196,535 68,545 343,274 265,843 77,431 29.50 35.26 12,96 25.86 22.56 Chirawa 3, 1}if$) 306,522 276,712 29,810 393,846 352,656 41,190 28.49 27.45 38.18 9.73 10.46 Khetri 4, ~ 188,022 137,378 50,644 247,576 181,313 66,263 31.67 31.98 3O.B4 26.94 26.76 Nawalgarh 5. ~ 157,872 141,053 16,B19 209,522 187,540 21,982 32.72 32.96 30.70 10.65 10.49 Udaipurwati (xc) ~ 15:~ ~ t ~ JITIif ~ mwa, 1991 TABLE 15: PERCENTAGE DlsmlBUTION OF VILLAGES BY POPULATION RANGES, 1991 mrl ~"!JTIif 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ~: Hi (wiM) 824 14 142 491 149 22 6 DISmICT: (100.00) (1.70) (17.23) (59.59) (18.08) (2.67) (0.73) JHUNJHUNUN (RURAL) 1. ffi 156 9 35 95 16 1 Jhunjhunun (100.00) (5.71) (22.43) (60.90) (10.26) (0.64) 2. ~ 113 2 37 62 11 1 Aisisar (100.00) (1.77) (32.74) (54.87) (9.73) (0.89) 3. ~ 82 12 56 10 2 2 Chirawa (100.00) (14.63) (68.29) (12.20) (2.44) (2.44) 4. ~ 120 1 22 78 19 Surajgarh (100.00) (0.83) (18.33) (65.00) (15.84) 5. ~ 122 21 83 15 2 1 Buhana (100.00) (17.21) (68.03) (12.30) (1.64) (0.82) 6. ~ 80 1 7 41 26 4 1 Khetri (100.00) (1.25) (8.75) (51.25) (32.50) (5.00) (1.25) 7. ~ 70 1 2 35 25 5 2 Nawalgarh (100.00) (1.43) (2.86) (50.00) (35.71) (7.14) (2.86) 8. ~ 81 6 41 27 7 Udaipurwati (100.00) (7.41) (50.62) (33.33) (8.64) (xci) ~ 16: ~lf.I«I~~ri<1il~ TABLE 16 : DISTRIBUTION OF VILLAGES BY DENSITY Plml ~~ • :JR 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ~:ffi(m) . 824 7 1 5 ~ 356 250 120 28 DISTRICT: (100.00) (0.85) (0.12) (0.61) (6.92) (43.20) (30.34) (14.56) (3.40) JHUNJHUNUN (RURAL) 1. ffi 156 , 'I 81 42 14 6 Jhunjhunun (100.00) (0.64) (0.64) (7.05) (51.92) (26.92) (8.98) (3.85) 2. .3lMtftm ~13 2 21 78 9 3 Aisisar (100.00) (1.77) 118.58) (69.03) (7.96) (2.66) 3. f~ 82 1 3 24 30 21 3 Chirawa (100.00) (1.22) (3.66) (29.27) (36.58) (25.61) (366) 4. ~ 120 5 1 4 73 31 6 Surajgarh (100.00) (4.17) (0.83) (3.33) (60.84) (25.83) (5.00) 5. ~ 122 1 36 51 31 3 Buhana 11 00.00) (0.82) (29.51) (41.80) (25.41) (246) 6. ~. SO 2 4 26 27 15 6 Khetri (100.00) (2.50) (5.00) (32.50) (33.75) (16.75) (7.50) 7. ~ 70 20 32 14 3 Nawalgarh (100.00) (1.43) (28.57) (45.71) (20.00) (4.29) 8. ~ 81 12 18 28 16 7 Udaipurwali (100.00) (14.82) (22.22) (34.57) (19.75) (8.64) m 17: 1901 Hf.ft-~ ~ TABLE 17: SEX RATIO SINCE 1901 m"RT crt mu 1,000 ~ 11\ ff.ltif Qit m ~