Wind Power Plants Supporting a 100% System

Wind Power plants supporting a 100% system

ENERCON Sales - Grid Integration Dipl.-Ing. Eckard Quitmann, Head of Sales - GI

September 28th 2016

1. What is “100%”? 2. Our experiences 3. Electrical features of wind farms 4. Conclusions

ENERCON WEC Platforms EP 1 E-44 E-48 E-53 0.8 –0.9 MW EP 2 E-70 E-82 E-92 E-103 EP2 2.0 – 2.35 MW EP 3 E-101 E-115 3.05 –3.2 MW EP 4 E-126 EP4 E-141 EP4 4.2 MW EP 8 E-126 7.58 MW

Capacity installed in 2015 Market shares 2015 63,013 MW Goldwind 12.8% Cumulative capacity by 2015 Other 32.3% 432,149 MW Vestas 12.0%

GE 160.000 9.2% 30.500 140.000 capacity installed in 2015 [MW] Csic Haizhuang 3.4% 120.000 installed capacity by 2014 [MW] Siemens Envision 7.7% 100.000 3.5% Mingyang United Gamesa 3.8% ENERCON Power 5.5% 80.000 8.598 4.7% 5.1%

60.000 6.013 40.000 2.623 0 20.000 975 1.506 1.073 295 2.754 615 1.266 0 China USA Germany India Spain UK Canada France Italy Brazil Sweden Poland

Source: GWEC “Global Wind Statistics 2015”, BTM Consult “World Wind Energy Market Update 2015”

Canada  Precast concrete tower production Sweden  Electrical components  Steel tower production  Metalworking

Germany Brazil  Machine house assembly  Rotor blade production  Electrical components  Precast concrete tower production  Rotor blade production  Machine house assembly  Generator production  Generator production  Tower production  Foundry

Austria France  Precast concrete tower production  Precast concrete tower production Turkey Portugal  Rotor blade production  Rotor blade production  Precast concrete tower production  Precast concrete tower production  Mechatronic  Generator production

ENERCON’s global production is characterised by a high degree of vertical integration

1. What is “100%”? 2. Our experiences 3. Electrical features of wind farms 4. Conclusions

Getting close: Germany 08.05.2016 11-12 am: >75% of load covered by wind + PV + biomass + hydro = 53.7 GW Note: Interconnected in Europe

Peak: 75% of load covered by RE  Peak: ~20GW conventional plants still run 

Quelle Agorameter

Examples getting close: Germany 08.05.2016 11-12 am: >75% of load covered by wind + PV + biomass + hydro = 53.7 GW Note: Interconnected in Europe

Reaching it - temporarily: Faroe islands: 29.12.2014 - 02.01.2015: 100% of load covered by wind + hydro = 21…38 MW Note: Varying generation from hydro and wind, no battery active

El Hierro, Canary island: 30.07 - 02.08.2016 100% of load covered by wind + hydro = 4 … 7 MW Note: Hydro generation and pumping, windpower flat

A „100% system“ is: A power system supplied for long, consecutive periods with 100% sustainable energy

The engineers point of view: Simplified to electrical sector only Technical challenges of a “100% system”: • Generation based on volatile sources (Wind, PV) • Little demand side response • Few or no synchronous rotating machines • Generation 100% based on power electronics • Smart control combining loads and all sources

To be looked at: • First: Instantaneous values (power) • Second: Energy balance • Electrical connections to neighbors (AC-islanded or not) markets • Characteristics of power plants & flexibility of players technology

Flexibility needed to match volatile generation and volatile load

1. What is “100%”? 2. Our experiences 3. Electrical features of wind farms 4. Conclusions

Name100% byof 2030Presenter Renewable Energy Summit, Sept.2016 © Copyright© Copyright ENERCON ENERCON GmbH. All All rights rights reserved. reserved. 1111 ENERCON track record of projects in isolated systems

Projects in isolated systems* Number of projects 75 (69 still in operation, 6 not active) Number of WECs 250 Total installed capacity (MW) 199 Commissioning year 1994 - 2014 Number of isolated systems 38 Number of countries 12

*Isolated system = Grid without any AC connection to other synchronous zones and with a total generating installed capacity smaller than 1 GW Updated on 2016 Q1

Flores, Portugal 2002 (Wind + Diesel + Hydro + FSS) 2003 • 2 x E-30, 300 kW Utsira, Norway

(Wind + H2 system + Battery + FSS + MSM) • 1 x E-40, 600 kW • Battery Storage System (100 kW, 35 kWh) • FSS (200 kW, 5 kWh) • MSM (100 kVA) • PMS as master control

2009 Ross Island, Antarctica (Wind + Diesel + FSS) Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles 2010 • 3 x E-33, 330 kW (Wind + Diesel + NiCd battery) • 12 x E-44, 900 kW Falkland I •FCU (Wind + Diesel + FSS) • Battery Storage System • 6 x E-33, 330 kW (NiCd 3 MW, 3 mins) • 3 x FSS (250 kW, 5 kWh) • PMS as master control • PMS as master control

El Hierro, Spain 2014 Husahagi, Faroe Islands (Wind + PV + Diesel + Hydro + Pumping (Wind + Diesel + Hydro + Li-Ion battery) station) • 13 x E-44, 900 kW • 5 x E-70, 2300 kW •FCU •FCU • Smart container (2.4 MW, 707 kWh) •L-EMS

Raglan, Canada

(Wind + Diesel + H2 system + Li-Ion battery + FSS) • 1 x E-82 E4, 3000 kW •RTU-C

Shetland (Wind + Diesel + Gas + Lead acid battery) • 1 x E-44, 500 kW •RTU-C

1. What is 100% 2. Our experiences 3. Electrical features of wind farms 4. Conclusions

Generation

Controls Generator Rectifier Excitation

Yaw Drives

E-82 E3 Pitch Drives

Conversion

Power Cabinets

LV Distribution

MV Switchgear

Transformer

Control Cabinet

UPS Control

E-82 E3

Key characteristics

Type 4 Wind Turbine Generator (WTG), with no gearbox Full scale power converters decouple annular generator from grid Available for 50Hz and 60Hz grids: no special version required

Key characteristics

Type 4 Wind Turbine Generator (WTG), with no gearbox Full scale power converters decouple annular generator from the grid Available for 50Hz and 60Hz grids: no special version required Performance on grid mainly determined by inverter(s) (current source)

Key characteristics

Advanced, flexible controller for wind farms Using P and Q from WECs, addressing P, Q, U, f at PCC Can be very fast due to dedicated data bus for set points to WECs High dynamic performance with rise times as low as 1s possible

Dispatch Centre

SCADA Server FCU

FCU bus Voltage Current

WPP standard electrical features to enable very high penetration Controllability of P - below what wind presently offers

WPP standard electrical features to enable very high penetration Controllability of P - below what wind presently offers Primary or secondary control reserve

Activation of Control Reserve

WPP standard electrical features to enable very high penetration Controllability of P - below what wind presently offers Primary or secondary control reserve Reactive power to control voltage

3. Voltage stabilizes 1. Grid voltage jumps due to on new level external switching operation Voltage, MV [kV] MV Voltage, — [Mvar]

2. WF adapts reactive React. Power Power [MW]

power in <1sec — —

WPP standard electrical features to enable very high penetration Controllability of P - below what wind presently offers Primary or secondary control reserve Reactive power to control voltage Online data exchange

SCADA Remote WPP owner

Grid Operator Communication SCADA Server Network ENERCON Service

Inside Outside WPP WPP

Non of these features come for free! To be decided power system specifically for each feature for the overall economical & technical optimum : a) mandatory feature by all power plants b) organized as ancillary service /market

Reorganization of ancillary services and grid codes needed

Low Voltage Medium Voltage Power Cabinet DC/DC Converter Control Cabinet UPS Transformer Distribution Switchgear

WEC component

WEC component adapted

New development

What is the technical purpose of the storage application? Variety of functionalities available such as

Ramp Rate Control Regulating Reserve

100% Active Power Active Power

-100%

Time Frequency

Dimensioning of energy storage system depends on application

Inertial Ramp Rate Regulating Seasonal … … … Response Control Reserve Storage

Energy rating (E) Húsa- RRKW hagi Feldheim Power rating (P)

15min to Discharge duration <10s 1min to 1hour Hours … weeks … … few hours …

Who has the responsibility for the stable power system operation?

WPP + control = minor player (slave) => very limited responsibility for power system => “someone else” is balancing load and generation

WPP + control = dominant player => control = master => high responsibility for power system => Most likely requires additional assets: storage, PV, coordination with diesel…

Responsibilities to be agreed project specifically

1. What is “100%”? 2. Our experiences 3. Electrical features of wind farms 4. Conclusions

Technology to run 100% systems is available Volatile sources and loads require „flexibility“ to match Project specific identification of system responsibility Project specific identification of needs regarding storage, diesel etc. Electricity markets & products may need to be adapted Technical remaining challenges with a “100% inverter based system => R&D

Thank you

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