I--------------------------~-----------·-----~-----. Census of India, 1951 DISTlRllCT CENSUS HANDBOOK UTTAR PRADESH 7 MATHl'RA DISTRICT ALLAHABAD: SUPERI:'-ITEi':DEN , PRJNTING AND STATIONERY, U'IIAR PRADESH, 1],;Dl \ 1954 _____o ________...... ;.... ____ _.~_ __ DISTRICT CENSUS HANDBOOK 1951" MATHURA DISTRICT FOREWORD Several States, including Uttar Pradesh, have been publishing village statistics by districts at each census. In 1941 they were published in U. P. under the title "District Census Statistics" with a separate volume for each district. In the 1951 census, when the tabulation has been more elaborate than ever -in view of the require ... ments of the country, the district ... wise volume has been expanded into a "District Census Handbook", which now contains the District Census Tables (furnishing data with break ... up for census tracts within the district), the District Index of Non ... agricultural Occupations, agricultural statistics from 190V02 to 1950"'51 and other miscellaneous statistics in addition to the usual village population statistics. The village population statistics also are given in an elaborate form giving the division of the population among eight livelihood classes and other details. 2. It may be added here that a separate set ofaistrict... wise volumes giving only population figures of rural areas by villages and -of ur.ban areas by wards and mohallas and entitled "District Population Statistics" has already been published. This separate series was necessitated by the urgent requirements of the U. P. Government for elections to local bodies. The printing of the District Census Handbooks involves colossal work and is bound to take some time. RAJESHW ARI PRASAD, I.A.S., RAMPUR: SuperintendentJ C ensus Oper~tions) December 3 I, 1954. Uttar Pradesh. CONTENTS lNTRobUCTION­ A-The District i-ii B-AnaJysis of the Statistics ii-ix C-Explanatory Note·on the Statistics ix ix PART I-DISTRICT CENSUS TABLES \ A-,GENERAL POPULATION TABLES- A-I Area, Hquses and Population 3 A-II Variation in Population during Fifty Years' 3 A-III Towns and Villages Classified by Population 4-5 A-IV Towns Classified by Population with Variations since 1901 6-7 A-V Towns arranged Territorially with Population by Livelihood Classes 8-9 E Area and Population of District and TehsiIs by Livelihood Classes 10-11 :B-EcONOMIC TABLES- B-1 Livelihood Classes and Sub-classes 12-15 B-Il Secondary Means of Livelihood 16-2'), B-1lI Employers, .Employees and Independent Workers in Industries and Services by Divisions and Sub-divisions 26-56 D-IV Unemployment by Livelihood Classes 57-58 Index of Non-agricultural Occupations 59-63 <C-HOUSEHOLD AND AGE (SAMPLE) TABLES- C-I Household (Sioz:e and Composition) 64-65 C-II Livelihood Classes by Age-groups 66-71 - \ C-IlI Age and Civil Condition 72-75 C-IV Age and Literacy 76-79 C-V Single Year Age Returns 80-87 JJ-SDCIAL AND CULTURAL TABLES- D-I Languages (i) Mother Tongue 88-89 (ii) Bilingualism 90-93 D-Il Religion 94-95 D-IlI Scheduled Castes 94-95 D-IV Migrants 96-99 D-V (i) Displaced persons by year of arrival in India 100-JOI (ii) Displaced persons by Li.velihood Classes 100-10\ D-VI Non-Indian Nationals 100-101 D-VII Livelihood Classes by Educational Standards 102-107 PART II-VILLAGE, TOWN, PARGANA AND TH,ANA STATISTICS Primary Census Abstract I10-145 2 Pargana an<], Thana-wise Population 146 PART III-MISCELLANEOUS STATISTICS Vital Statistics 148-151 2 Agricultural Statistics-(i) Rainfall 152-153 (ii) Area as classified with details of area under cultivation 154-157 (iii) Cropped Area 158-173 (iv) Irrigated Area 174-177 Live-Stock, Agricultural Machinery and Implements 178-181 2 List of Primary Schools 182-184 INTRODUCTION A-THE DISTRICT 1. The district of Mathura is bounded on the north· west by the Gurgaon district of the Punja,b; on the north-east and east by Allgar~, except for some eight miles where the borders of the Sadabad tehsil march with those of Etah dIstrict; on tthe south by Agra; and on the west by Bharatpur (Rajasthan). Formerly the district had some enclaves ot the erstwhile Bharatpur State consisting of seven vjllages-~agla Borha, ~agori, Umri, Shamspur, Bad, Bhainsa ant't Dharampura-of an area of 7'4 square miles. In the recent transfer of enclaves under "The Provinces and States (Absorption of Enclaves) Order, 1950", these villages have been absorbed in this district, while the village Phulwara of an area of 1'2 square miles, which was completely isolated in the midst of land belonging to the former Bharatpur State, has now been transferred to Rajasthan. The district as now constituted has a total area of 1,467 square miles which is less than the average district area of the State. Its population in 1951 was 9'1 lakhs. For admhlistrative purposes it has 4 tehsils namely Chhata, Mat, Mathura and 8adabad, 4 parganas of the same name and Hi thanas. Tehsil Chhata is in the north-west awl to its south is tehsil Mathura. Mat is the north-eastern tehsil of the district, while to its south is tehsil Sadabad. 2. The district lies in the basin of the Yamuna which flows through the centre of it and Topography divides it into two tracts of somewhat dissimilar characteristics. The eastern tract comprising the ·t,ehsil of Mat and Sat]abad is of a type fairly common in the Ganga Yamuna doab. For the agriculturists this is the most important tract III the district; it is carefully cult ivatecl and is irrigated from both canal and wells. Two intermIttent streams, the Pathwaha and the Jhirna, carry towards the Yamuna the drainage ot northern Mat and the central ::ladabad respec­ tively. In tehs;l :\fat severaloIU beds of Yamuna form lagoons. The undulating ridges of sand which flank the stream stretch further inland than on the opposite side of the rIver; allOl isolated dunes may be seen several miles eastward on the uplands. Towards the south there are ravines. The western part of the district which forms the other tract includes the Chhata and l\fathura tehsils" The surface 1S perhaps less uneven than that of the eastern part, but it is slightly hog-backed. Except for the boundary river Yamuna the tract can boast no stream. It has no marshy spots ; and the only line of natural drainage in it is the ill define d r.hanne.i called the "western depression". In the two western tehsIls lie the only hills of the district w hioh are outlying spurs of the Ara valli system. A - part from the hllis anu the valley of the Yamuna the district has a gentle slope tram north to south. 3. For purposes of soil classification the district can be divided into two portion-the Soils bangar or upJands and the khadar or Yamuna valley. The soils of the uplands do not differ from those found in other doab districts, and vary from dumat or rich loam to bhur or sand. Dumat is not plentiful in the district and is found for the most part in Mat, Sarlabad and the northern tract of Chhata. The most prevalent soil is piliya or light loam which has a large admixture of sand. Pure clay is only found in the tarai or the lowlands which are known as dahar., The pure sand found in the undulating hillock is known as puth, In the ravines of the Yamuna, generally knov.u as behar, cultivation is not extensive, the soil which is largely mixed with kankar and divided by drainage, being very poor while in the actual valley of the river the characteristics are generally similar to those in the uplands. The ground work of all the former soils is clay: in the bed of Nohjhil anu in other places where the soil is subject to the influence of stagnant water, the clay remains and is known as chiknot or slippery earth, but "here the action of the stream is felt, it becomes mixed with other matter and produces a rich s~eel gray loam which is found at its best in the katris or fertile deposits along the edges of the rIver. In the recent yea:ws there has been reported march of Rajputana desert towards the district. 4. The f;gures of the classification of area during the last fifty years are given in Table 2 Classification of the Part III of this volume. The proportion of area under 1;he various categor':'es works out of area as follows for 1950-51 : -- ---- ----- Actual figures Particulars (in acres) Percentage ------------------------ Cultivated area 71J7,468 82'3 Culturable waste (excluding current fallow) 71,561 7'7 Current fallow 23,936 2'6 Forest 751 O,! Area not available for cultivation of which­ 68,456 7'3 (a) Covered uith water 13,524 1'4 (b ) Under sites, roads and buildings 33,619 3'6 (c) Barren 21,313 2·3 ------- - --- Th~ figure in the above table regarding culturable waste taken from the Season and Crop Report IS, however, misleading. The State Agriculture Department conducted in 1949-50 a detailed enquiry through the District Officers regarding the nature of this area in each diskict. The following analysis of the area resulted from this enquiry: Area Part iculars (in acres) Percentage Total culturable waste (A+B+C) 71,299 100 A--Area under culturable waste land not available fir immediate cultivation ... 24,247 34'01 (i) Forest under any legal enactment (ii) Groves 2,534 3'56 (iii) Forests o[ timber trees 7 0'01 (iv) Thatching grasses, shrubs and bushes 14,880 20'87 (v) Land kept [or grazing 6,826 9'57 B-Area under culturable waste land available for immediate cultivation but 7,809 10'95 which could not be cultivated- Of which due to- (i) Kans growth 32 0'04 (ii) Threshing floors 66 0'09 (iii) Malaria (iv) Floods 2,551 3'58 (v) Lack of drains 75 9'10 (vi) Lack of water 1,352 1'90 (vii) Distance from abadi (viii) Damage from wild animals 2,566 3-60 (ix) Other causes 1,167 1'64 C-Area under culturable waste land that can be brought under immediate culti­ 39,243 55'04 vation after some improvements besides the area given against ' B.' From the above it will appear ~hat of the total a~ea re~rded as.