RT² Profiler PCR Array (Rotor-Gene® Format) Human Growth Factors
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Fgf17b and FGF18 Have Different Midbrain Regulatory Properties from Fgf8b Or Activated FGF Receptors Aimin Liu1,2, James Y
Research article 6175 FGF17b and FGF18 have different midbrain regulatory properties from FGF8b or activated FGF receptors Aimin Liu1,2, James Y. H. Li2, Carrie Bromleigh2, Zhimin Lao2, Lee A. Niswander1 and Alexandra L. Joyner2,* 1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA 2Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, Departments of Cell Biology, and Physiology and Neuroscience, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA *Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) Accepted 28 August 2003 Development 130, 6175-6185 Published by The Company of Biologists 2003 doi:10.1242/dev.00845 Summary Early patterning of the vertebrate midbrain and region in the midbrain, correlating with cerebellum cerebellum is regulated by a mid/hindbrain organizer that development. By contrast, FGF17b and FGF18 mimic produces three fibroblast growth factors (FGF8, FGF17 FGF8a by causing expansion of the midbrain and and FGF18). The mechanism by which each FGF upregulating midbrain gene expression. This result is contributes to patterning the midbrain, and induces a consistent with Fgf17 and Fgf18 being expressed in the cerebellum in rhombomere 1 (r1) is not clear. We and midbrain and not just in r1 as Fgf8 is. Third, analysis of others have found that FGF8b can transform the midbrain gene expression in mouse brain explants with beads soaked into a cerebellum fate, whereas FGF8a can promote in FGF8b or FGF17b showed that the distinct activities of midbrain development. In this study we used a chick FGF17b and FGF8b are not due to differences in the electroporation assay and in vitro mouse brain explant amount of FGF17b protein produced in vivo. -
ARTICLES Fibroblast Growth Factors 1, 2, 17, and 19 Are The
0031-3998/07/6103-0267 PEDIATRIC RESEARCH Vol. 61, No. 3, 2007 Copyright © 2007 International Pediatric Research Foundation, Inc. Printed in U.S.A. ARTICLES Fibroblast Growth Factors 1, 2, 17, and 19 Are the Predominant FGF Ligands Expressed in Human Fetal Growth Plate Cartilage PAVEL KREJCI, DEBORAH KRAKOW, PERTCHOUI B. MEKIKIAN, AND WILLIAM R. WILCOX Medical Genetics Institute [P.K., D.K., P.B.M., W.R.W.], Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology [D.K.] and Department of Pediatrics [W.R.W.], UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095 ABSTRACT: Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) regulate bone growth, (G380R) or TD (K650E) mutations (4–6). When expressed at but their expression in human cartilage is unclear. Here, we deter- physiologic levels, FGFR3-G380R required, like its wild-type mined the expression of entire FGF family in human fetal growth counterpart, ligand for activation (7). Similarly, in vitro cul- plate cartilage. Using reverse transcriptase PCR, the transcripts for tivated human TD chondrocytes as well as chondrocytes FGF1, 2, 5, 8–14, 16–19, and 21 were found. However, only FGF1, isolated from Fgfr3-K644M mice had an identical time course 2, 17, and 19 were detectable at the protein level. By immunohisto- of Fgfr3 activation compared with wild-type chondrocytes and chemistry, FGF17 and 19 were uniformly expressed within the showed no receptor activation in the absence of ligand (8,9). growth plate. In contrast, FGF1 was found only in proliferating and hypertrophic chondrocytes whereas FGF2 localized predominantly to Despite the importance of the FGF ligand for activation of the resting and proliferating cartilage. -
Disruption of Fibroblast Growth Factor Signal
Cancer Therapy: Preclinical Disruption of Fibroblast Growth Factor Signal Pathway Inhibits the Growth of Synovial Sarcomas: Potential Application of Signal Inhibitors to MolecularTarget Therapy Ta t s u y a I s hi b e , 1, 2 Tomitaka Nakayama,2 Ta k e s h i O k a m o t o, 1, 2 Tomoki Aoyama,1Koichi Nishijo,1, 2 Kotaro Roberts Shibata,1, 2 Ya s u ko Shim a ,1, 2 Satoshi Nagayama,3 Toyomasa Katagiri,4 Yusuke Nakamura, 4 Takashi Nakamura,2 andJunya Toguchida 1 Abstract Purpose: Synovial sarcoma is a soft tissue sarcoma, the growth regulatory mechanisms of which are unknown.We investigatedthe involvement of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signals in synovial sarcoma andevaluatedthe therapeutic effect of inhibiting the FGF signal. Experimental Design:The expression of 22 FGF and4 FGF receptor (FGFR) genes in18prima- ry tumors andfive cell lines of synovial sarcoma were analyzedby reverse transcription-PCR. Effects of recombinant FGF2, FGF8, andFGF18 for the activation of mitogen-activatedprotein kinase (MAPK) andthe growth of synovial sarcoma cell lines were analyzed.Growth inhibitory effects of FGFR inhibitors on synovial sarcoma cell lines were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Results: Synovial sarcoma cell lines expressedmultiple FGF genes especially those expressed in neural tissues, among which FGF8 showedgrowth stimulatory effects in all synovial sarcoma cell lines. FGF signals in synovial sarcoma induced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal ^ regulatedkinase (ERK1/2) andp38MAPK but not c-Jun NH 2-terminal kinase. Disruption of the FGF signaling pathway in synovial sarcoma by specific inhibitors of FGFR causedcell cycle ar- rest leading to significant growth inhibition both in vitro and in vivo.Growthinhibitionbythe FGFR inhibitor was associatedwith a down-regulation of phosphorylatedERK1/2 but not p38MAPK, andan ERK kinase inhibitor also showedgrowth inhibitory effects for synovial sar- coma, indicating that the growth stimulatory effect of FGF was transmitted through the ERK1/2. -
FGF14 Regulates Presynaptic Ca2+ Channels and Synaptic Transmission
Cell Reports Article FGF14 Regulates Presynaptic Ca2+ Channels and Synaptic Transmission Haidun Yan,1,3 Juan L. Pablo,2,3 and Geoffrey S. Pitt1,2,3,* 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA 2Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA 3Ion Channel Research Unit, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA *Correspondence: [email protected] http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2013.06.012 This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivative Works License, which permits non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. SUMMARY data pinpointed FGF14 as the locus for spinocerebellar ataxia 27 (SCA27). Fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs) Focus on FHF regulation of neuronal excitability began when are not growth factors, but instead bind to voltage- Fgf14–/– mice showed ataxia (Wang et al., 2002), providing + gated Na channels (NaV) and regulate their function. a basis for exploring the implications of a linkage analysis that Mutations in FGF14, an FHF that is the locus for identified a F150S missense mutation in a ‘‘b’’ splice variant of F150S F145S spinocerebellar ataxia 27 (SCA27), are believed to FGF14 (FGF14b ; termed FGF14 in some studies that be pathogenic because of a dominant-negative used numbering based on the alternatively spliced FGF14a variant) as the etiology of the autosomal-dominant SCA27 in reduction of Na currents in cerebellar granule cells. V an extended Dutch family (van Swieten et al., 2003). -
Fibroblast Growth Factor 12 Is Expressed in Spiral and Vestibular
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Fibroblast growth factor 12 is expressed in spiral and vestibular ganglia and necessary for auditory Received: 5 February 2018 Accepted: 26 June 2018 and equilibrium function Published: xx xx xxxx Yukiko Hanada1,2, Yukiko Nakamura1, Yoshiyuki Ozono2, Yusuke Ishida1,3, Yasumitsu Takimoto1,2,4, Manabu Taniguchi5, Kazuya Ohata1,2, Yoshihisa Koyama1, Takao Imai2, Tetsuo Morihana2,6, Makoto Kondo1, Takashi Sato2, Hidenori Inohara2 & Shoichi Shimada1 We investigated fbroblast growth factor 12 (FGF12) as a transcript enriched in the inner ear by searching published cDNA library databases. FGF12 is a fbroblast growth factor homologous factor, a subset of the FGF superfamily. To date, its localisation and function in the inner ear have not been determined. Here, we show that FGF12 mRNA is localised in spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) and the vestibular ganglion. We also show that FGF12 protein is localised in SGNs, the vestibular ganglion, and nerve fbres extending beneath hair cells. Moreover, we investigated FGF12 function in auditory and vestibular systems using Fgf12-knockout (FGF12-KO) mice generated with CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Our results show that the inner ear morphology of FGF12-KO mice is not signifcantly diferent compared with wild-type mice. However, FGF12-KO mice exhibited an increased hearing threshold, as measured by the auditory brainstem response, as well as defcits in rotarod and balance beam performance tests. These results suggest that FGF12 is necessary for normal auditory and equilibrium function. Hearing loss is a common problem in people of all ages. Te World Health Organization reports that 360 million people worldwide have hearing loss, with 32 million being children1. -
Differential Effects of Th1, Monocyte/Macrophage and Th2
Wayne State University Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship 2007 Differential effects of Th1, monocyte/macrophage and Th2 cytokine mixtures on early gene expression for glial and neural-related molecules in central nervous system mixed glial cell cultures: neurotrophins, growth factors and structural proteins Robert P. Lisak Wayne State University School of Medicine, [email protected] Joyce A. Benjamins Wayne State University School of Medicine, [email protected] Beverly Bealmear Wayne State University School of Medicine, [email protected] Liljana Nedelkoska Wayne State University School of Medicine, [email protected] Bin Yao Applied Genomics Technology Center, Wayne State University, [email protected] Recommended Citation Lisak et al. Journal of Neuroinflammation 2007, 4:30 doi:10.1186/1742-2094-4-30 Available at: http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/biomedcentral/155 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@WayneState. It has been accepted for inclusion in Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@WayneState. See next page for additional authors Authors Robert P. Lisak, Joyce A. Benjamins, Beverly Bealmear, Liljana Nedelkoska, Bin Yao, Susan Land, and Diane Studzinski This article is available at DigitalCommons@WayneState: http://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/biomedcentral/155 Journal of Neuroinflammation BioMed Central Research Open Access Differential effects of Th1, monocyte/macrophage and Th2 cytokine mixtures -
Retinal Pigment Epithelium Protein of 65 Kda Gene
Molecular Vision 2013; 19:2312-2320 <http://www.molvis.org/molvis/v19/2312> © 2013 Molecular Vision Received 31 July 2013 | Accepted 14 November 2013 | Published 16 November 2013 Retinal pigment epithelium protein of 65 kDA gene-linked retinal degeneration is not modulated by chicken acidic leucine-rich epidermal growth factor-like domain containing brain protein/ Neuroglycan C/ chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 5 Sandra Cottet,1,2 René Jüttner,3 Nathalie Voirol,1 Pierre Chambon,4 Fritz G. Rathjen,3 Daniel F. Schorderet,1,2,5 Pascal Escher1,2 1Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, Sion, Switzerland; 2Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; 3Max-Delbrück-Centrum, Berlin, Germany; 4Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Collège de France, Strasbourg, France; 5EPFL-Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale, Lausanne, Switzerland Purpose: To analyze in vivo the function of chicken acidic leucine-rich epidermal growth factor-like domain containing brain protein/Neuroglycan C (gene symbol: Cspg5) during retinal degeneration in the Rpe65−/− mouse model of Leber congenital amaurosis. Methods: We resorted to mice with targeted deletions in the Cspg5 and retinal pigment epithelium protein of 65 kDa (Rpe65) genes (Cspg5−/−/Rpe65−/−). Cone degeneration was assessed with cone-specific peanut agglutinin staining. Tran- scriptional expression of rhodopsin (Rho), S-opsin (Opn1sw), M-opsin (Opn1mw), rod transducin α subunit (Gnat1), and cone transducin α subunit (Gnat2) genes was assessed with quantitative PCR from 2 weeks to 12 months. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) was analyzed at P14 with immunodetection of the retinol-binding protein membrane receptor Stra6. Results: No differences in the progression of retinal degeneration were observed between the Rpe65−/− and Cspg5−/−/ Rpe65−/− mice. -
FGF Signaling Network in the Gastrointestinal Tract (Review)
163-168 1/6/06 16:12 Page 163 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 29: 163-168, 2006 163 FGF signaling network in the gastrointestinal tract (Review) MASUKO KATOH1 and MASARU KATOH2 1M&M Medical BioInformatics, Hongo 113-0033; 2Genetics and Cell Biology Section, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan Received March 29, 2006; Accepted May 2, 2006 Abstract. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signals are trans- Contents duced through FGF receptors (FGFRs) and FRS2/FRS3- SHP2 (PTPN11)-GRB2 docking protein complex to SOS- 1. Introduction RAS-RAF-MAPKK-MAPK signaling cascade and GAB1/ 2. FGF family GAB2-PI3K-PDK-AKT/aPKC signaling cascade. The RAS~ 3. Regulation of FGF signaling by WNT MAPK signaling cascade is implicated in cell growth and 4. FGF signaling network in the stomach differentiation, the PI3K~AKT signaling cascade in cell 5. FGF signaling network in the colon survival and cell fate determination, and the PI3K~aPKC 6. Clinical application of FGF signaling cascade in cell polarity control. FGF18, FGF20 and 7. Clinical application of FGF signaling inhibitors SPRY4 are potent targets of the canonical WNT signaling 8. Perspectives pathway in the gastrointestinal tract. SPRY4 is the FGF signaling inhibitor functioning as negative feedback apparatus for the WNT/FGF-dependent epithelial proliferation. 1. Introduction Recombinant FGF7 and FGF20 proteins are applicable for treatment of chemotherapy/radiation-induced mucosal injury, Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family proteins play key roles while recombinant FGF2 protein and FGF4 expression vector in growth and survival of stem cells during embryogenesis, are applicable for therapeutic angiogenesis. Helicobacter tissues regeneration, and carcinogenesis (1-4). -
(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2009/0111743 A1 Takahashi (43) Pub
US 200901 11743A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2009/0111743 A1 Takahashi (43) Pub. Date: Apr. 30, 2009 (54) CYSTEINE-BRANCHED HEPARIN-BINDING Related U.S. Application Data GROWTH FACTOR ANALOGS (60) Provisional application No. 60/656,713, filed on Feb. 25, 2005. (75) Inventor: Kazuyuki Takahashi, O O Germantown, MD (US) Publication Classification (51) Int. Cl. Correspondence Address: A638/08C07K 700 30.82006.O1 201 THIRD STREET, N.W., SUITE 1340 A638/16 (2006.01) ALBUQUEROUE, NM 87102 (US) A638/10 (2006.01) A638/00 (2006.01) (73) Assignee: BioSurface Engineering (52) U.S. Cl. ........... 514/12:530/330; 530/329; 530/328; Technologies, Inc., Rockville, MD 530/327: 530/326; 530/325; 530/324; 514/17; (US) 514/16; 514/15: 514/14: 514/13 (57) ABSTRACT (21) Appl. No.: 11/362,137 The present invention provides a heparin binding growth factor analog of any of formula I-VIII and methods and uses (22) Filed: Feb. 23, 2006 thereof. US 2009/011 1743 A1 Apr. 30, 2009 CYSTENE-BRANCHED HEPARN-BINDING 0007 HBGFs useful in prevention or therapy of a wide GROWTH FACTOR ANALOGS range of diseases and disorders may be purified from natural sources or produced by recombinant DNA methods, however, CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED Such preparations are expensive and generally difficult to APPLICATIONS prepare. 0008. Some efforts have been made to generate heparin 0001. This application claims priority to and the benefit of binding growth factor analogs. For example, natural PDGF the filing of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. -
Angiocrine Endothelium: from Physiology to Cancer Jennifer Pasquier1,2*, Pegah Ghiabi2, Lotf Chouchane3,4,5, Kais Razzouk1, Shahin Rafi3 and Arash Rafi1,2,3
Pasquier et al. J Transl Med (2020) 18:52 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-020-02244-9 Journal of Translational Medicine REVIEW Open Access Angiocrine endothelium: from physiology to cancer Jennifer Pasquier1,2*, Pegah Ghiabi2, Lotf Chouchane3,4,5, Kais Razzouk1, Shahin Rafi3 and Arash Rafi1,2,3 Abstract The concept of cancer as a cell-autonomous disease has been challenged by the wealth of knowledge gathered in the past decades on the importance of tumor microenvironment (TM) in cancer progression and metastasis. The sig- nifcance of endothelial cells (ECs) in this scenario was initially attributed to their role in vasculogenesis and angiogen- esis that is critical for tumor initiation and growth. Nevertheless, the identifcation of endothelial-derived angiocrine factors illustrated an alternative non-angiogenic function of ECs contributing to both physiological and pathological tissue development. Gene expression profling studies have demonstrated distinctive expression patterns in tumor- associated endothelial cells that imply a bilateral crosstalk between tumor and its endothelium. Recently, some of the molecular determinants of this reciprocal interaction have been identifed which are considered as potential targets for developing novel anti-angiocrine therapeutic strategies. Keywords: Angiocrine, Endothelium, Cancer, Cancer microenvironment, Angiogenesis Introduction of blood vessels in initiation of tumor growth and stated Metastatic disease accounts for about 90% of patient that in the absence of such angiogenesis, tumors can- mortality. Te difculty in controlling and eradicating not expand their mass or display a metastatic phenotype metastasis might be related to the heterotypic interaction [7]. Based on this theory, many investigators assumed of tumor and its microenvironment [1]. -
FGF-13 (H-40): Sc-50293
SAN TA C RUZ BI OTEC HNOL OG Y, INC . FGF-13 (H-40): sc-50293 BACKGROUND PRODUCT Fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1), also designated acidic FGF, and fibroblast Each vial contains 200 µg IgG in 1.0 ml of PBS with < 0.1% sodium azide growth factor-2 (FGF-2), also designated basic FGF, are members of a family and 0.1% gelatin. of growth factors that stimulate proliferation of cells of mesenchymal, epithe-lial and neuroectodermal origin. Additional members of the FGF fami ly APPLICATIONS include the oncogenes FGF-3 (Int2) and FGF-4 (hst/Kaposi), FGF-5, FGF-6, FGF-13 (H-40) is recommended for detection of FGF-13 of mouse, rat and FGF-7 (KGF), FGF-8 (AIGF), FGF-9 (GAF) and FGF-10–FGF-23. Members of the human origin by Western Blotting (starting dilution 1:200, dilution range FGF family share 30-55% amino acid sequence identity and similar gene 1:100-1:1000), immunoprecipitation [1-2 µg per 100-500 µg of total protein structure, and are capable of transforming cultured cells when overex - (1 ml of cell lysate)], immunofluorescence (starting dilution 1:50, dilution pressed in transfected cells. Cellular receptors for FGFs are members of a range 1:50-1:500) and solid phase ELISA (starting dilution 1:30, dilution second multigene family including four tyrosine kinases, designated Flg range 1:30-1:3000). (FGFR-1), Bek (FGFR-L), TKF and FGFR-3. FGF-13 (H-40) is also recommended for detection of FGF-13 in additional REFERENCES species, including bovine and porcine. -
A Model for Profiling the Emolecular Effects of Alcohol
The Pharmacogenomics Journal (2015) 15, 177–188 © 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited All rights reserved 1470-269X/15 www.nature.com/tpj ORIGINAL ARTICLE The synaptoneurosome transcriptome: a model for profiling the emolecular effects of alcohol D Most1,2, L Ferguson1,2, Y Blednov1, RD Mayfield1 and RA Harris1 Chronic alcohol consumption changes gene expression, likely causing persistent remodeling of synaptic structures via altered translation of mRNAs within synaptic compartments of the cell. We profiled the transcriptome from synaptoneurosomes (SNs) and paired total homogenates (THs) from mouse amygdala following chronic voluntary alcohol consumption. In SN, both the number of alcohol-responsive mRNAs and the magnitude of fold-change were greater than in THs, including many GABA-related mRNAs upregulated in SNs. Furthermore, SN gene co-expression analysis revealed a highly connected network, demonstrating coordinated patterns of gene expression and highlighting alcohol-responsive biological pathways, such as long-term potentiation, long-term depression, glutamate signaling, RNA processing and upregulation of alcohol-responsive genes within neuroimmune modules. Alterations in these pathways have also been observed in the amygdala of human alcoholics. SNs offer an ideal model for detecting intricate networks of coordinated synaptic gene expression and may provide a unique system for investigating therapeutic targets for the treatment of alcoholism. The Pharmacogenomics Journal (2015) 15, 177–188; doi:10.1038/tpj.2014.43; published online 19 August 2014 INTRODUCTION mRNAs from SN15,16,18,19 and TH samples from mouse amygdala, a Alcohol dependence is a severe and widespread disease. Over 17 brain region known to be involved with the negative reinforce- 20 million Americans suffer from alcohol-related problems; total cost ment of alcohol and other drugs of abuse.