Santa Claus First Appearance
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Read This Year's Christmas Revels Program Notes
PRESENTS THE CHRISTMAS REVELS In Celebration of the Winter Solstice Echoes of Thrace Music, Dance & Drama of Bulgaria, Greece & Turkey December 7–15, 2013 GW Lisner Auditorium • Washington, DC Roberta Gasbarre, Artistic and Stage Director Elizabeth Fulford, Music Director PHOTO BY ROGER IDE THE CHRISTMAS REVELS In Celebration of the Winter Solstice Echoes of Thrace Music, Dance & Drama of Bulgaria, Greece & Turkey The Washington Featuring Revels Company Karpouzi Trio Koleda Chorus Lyuti Chushki Koros Teens Spyros Koliavasilis Survakari Children Tanya Dosseva & Lyuben Dossev Thracian Bells Tzvety Dosseva Weiner Grum Drums Bryndyn Weiner Kukeri Mummers and Christmas Kamila Morgan Duncan, as The Poet With And Folk-Dance Ensembles The Balkan Brass Byzantio (Greek) and Zharava (Bulgarian) Emerson Hawley, tuba Radouane Halihal, percussion Roberta Gasbarre, Artistic and Stage Director Elizabeth Fulford, Music Director Gregory C. Magee, Production Manager Dedication On September 1, 2013, Washington Revels lost our beloved Reveler and friend, Kathleen Marie McGhee—known to everyone in Revels as Kate—to metastatic breast cancer. Office manager/costume designer/costume shop manager/desktop publisher: as just this partial list of her roles with Revels suggests, Kate was a woman of many talents. The most visibly evident to the Revels community were her tremendous costume skills: in addition to serving as Associate Costume Designer for nine Christmas Revels productions (including this one), Kate was the sole costume designer for four of our five performing ensembles, including nineteenth- century sailors and canal folk, enslaved and free African Americans during Civil War times, merchants, society ladies, and even Abraham Lincoln. Kate’s greatest talent not on regular display at Revels related to music. -
Black Claus Is Black Pete
Black Claus is Black Pete The Schenkman confusion A majority of contemporary authors assume that the Dutch holiday season character of Black Pete has been created by the nineteenth century schoolmaster Jan Schenkman in his book “Sint Nikolaas en zijn knecht1 ”, published in 1850. Followers of this line of reasoning usually also subscribe to the view that he and his illustrators were inspired by paintings of pages2, black servants of noble families in Europe. Not only the “invention” of Black Pete but also many other rituals of the Saint Nicolas celebrations, like the entry tour of the Saint and his Spanish homeland, are attributed to Schenkman, portraying him and his book as the founders of the current tradition. By blindly postulating such a recent and one-dimensional lineage for the Saint’s servant, without any critical discussion on the validity of the underlying assumptions and the historical facts, the mythical figure of Black Pete and his many incarnations in European folklore are frequently misinterpreted as racist. Many new sources have surfaced over the last years that shed a completely different light on the origins of Black Pete and other elements of the tradition. According to extensive research neither the arrival procession of Saint Nicolas nor his companion Black Pete started with Schenkman. Similarly, Spain was mentioned as the homeland for Saint-Nicolas well before the publication of 1850. In the next paragraphs we will discuss the most important historical sources on this topic. In a painting from Leiden born painter Matthijs Naiveu (1647 - 1726) from 1703, “Feestelijkheden van Sint Nicolaas” we already witness a procession celebrating the arrival of Saint-Nicolas. -
001 Emma the Bunny #006 Georgina the Hippo #011 Germaine
#001 #002 #003 #004 #005 Emma the bunny Alexandre the russian Piotr the polar bear Bridget the elephant Simon the sheep blue cat #006 #007 #008 #009 #010 Georgina the hippo Seamus the alpaca Austin the rhino Rufus the lion Richard the large white pig #011 #012 #013 #014 #015 Germaine the gorilla Winston the aardvark Penelope the bear Hank the dorset Fiona the panda down sheep #016 #017 #018 #019 #020 Juno the siamese cat Angharad the donkey Benedict the chimpanzee Samuel the koala Douglas the highland cow #021 #022 #023 #024 #025 Laurence the tiger Chardonnay the Claudia the Alice the zebra Audrey the nanny goat palomino pony saddleback pig #026 #027 #028 #029 #030 Clarence the bat Martin the tabby cat Sarah the friesian cow Timmy the jack russell Caitlin the giraffe #031 #032 #033 #034 #035 Esme the fox Blake the orangutan Siegfried the monkey Boris the red squirrel Hamlet the cheetah #036 #037 #038 #039 #040 Francis the hedgehog Jessie the raccoon Bradlee the grey squirrel Noah the zwartbles sheep Christophe the wolf #041 #042 #043 #044 #045 Sheila the kangaroo Andre the lemur Erica the Frank the armadillo Mae the snow leopard dromedary camel #046 #047 #048 #049 #050 Harriet the sloth Susan the badger Zack the skunk Donna the reindeer Logan the moose #051 #052 #053 #054 #055 Simone the suri alpaca Fred the herdwick sheep Eustice the beltex sheep Tobias the Seth the hebridean sheep wensleydale sheep #056 #057 #058 #059 #060 Tracy the racka sheep Xavier the gibbon Sid the giant anteater Caroline the platypus Harold the teeswater sheep -
Santa Claus from Country to Country
Santa Claus from Country to Country Lesson topic: Various ways Santa is portrayed in different countries Content Concepts: -Learn about various Santa Claus legends United States, Belgium, Brazil, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, New Zealand, Romania, Russia, Netherlands, Spain, Chile. -Social Studies, history, map skills -Reading (list of library books) -Math problems -Science projects -Craft projects -Writing practice -Gaming skills -Music (list of Christmas CD’s) Proficiency levels: Grades 4 - 6 Information, Materials, Resources: Social Studies, History, and Map skills United States: The modern portrayal of Santa Claus frequently depicts him listening to the Christmas wishes of young children. Santa Claus (also known as Saint Nicholas, Saint Nick, Father Christmas, Kris Kringle, Santy or simply Santa) is a folklore figure in various cultures who distributes gifts to children, normally on Christmas Eve . Each name is a variation of Saint Nicholas , but refers to Santa Claus. In today's North American, European and worldwide celebration of Christmas, people young and old simply refer to the hero of the season as Santa , or Santa Claus. (Wikipedia) Conventionally, Santa Claus is portrayed as a kindly, round-bellied, merry, bespectacled white man in a red coat trimmed with white fur, with a long white beard . On Christmas Eve, he rides in his sleigh pulled by flying reindeer from house to house to give presents to children. To enter the house, Santa Claus comes down the chimney and exits through the fireplace . During the rest of the year he lives together with his wife Mrs. Claus and his elves manufacturing toys . Some modern depictions of Santa (often in advertising and popular entertainment) will show the elves and Santa's workshop as more of a processing and distribution facility, ordering and receiving the toys from various toy manufacturers from across the world. -
Merry Krampus: Alternative Holiday Praxis in The
MERRY KRAMPUS: ALTERNATIVE HOLIDAY PRAXIS IN THE CONTEMPORARY UNITED STATES by KIRK ANDREW PETERSON A THESIS Presented to the Folklore Program and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts June 2019 THESIS APPROVAL PAGE Student: Kirk Andrew Peterson Title: Merry Krampus: Alternative Holiday Praxis in the Contemporary United States This thesis has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts degree in the Folklore Program by: Daniel Wojcik Chairperson Doug Blandy Member and Janet Woodruff-Borden Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School Original approval signatures are on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School. Degree awarded June 2019 ii © 2019 Kirk Andrew Peterson This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (United States) License. iii THESIS ABSTRACT Kirk Andrew Peterson Master of Arts Folklore Program June 2019 Title: Merry Krampus: Alternative Holiday Praxis in the Contemporary United States Since the early twenty-first century, individuals in the US have discovered the enduring winter tradition from Alpen Austria known as Krampusnacht. These events center around the figure of the Krampus, a beast-like, punishing “devil” that accompanies St. Nicholas on December 5, the eve of his feast day. By 2010, groups of people in US cities were staging their own Krampusnacht processions in downtown areas, referencing the European enactments while simultaneously innovating their embodiments to meaningfully interact with the Christmas season in the United States. Participation in these events increases annually and the Krampus figure’s presence online and in popular media is on the rise. -
Carroll County Times Article for 7 December 2008 by Mary Ann Ashcraft Celebrations
"Belsnickling Once Popular in Area" Carroll County Times article for 7 December 2008 By Mary Ann Ashcraft Celebrations surrounding the winter solstice vary from religion to religion, country to country, community to community and even from one family to another. A Christmas Eve tradition practiced in areas with a strong Pennsylvania German heritage like Carroll County was “belsnickling” or a visit from the “Belsnickel.” Sadly, this is a tradition which seems to have disappeared from this area although it rings a bell in the minds of some people. The Littlestown Area Historical Society recently decorated a window just off the “Square” in the center of Littlestown (1A South Queen St. – Route 97) to explain the custom, and it is well worth seeing if you drive through town during the holidays. As practiced in this area, the tradition usually involved the visit of a single individual, the Belsnickel, dressed in rather bizarre, unkempt, often frightening attire. He or she was thoroughly disguised, perhaps with a soot-blackened face, and carried a sack with treats but also a switch or whip, bells and/or chains. Often, the Belsnickel was a relative or friend of the families being visited and knew quite a bit about the behavior of the children. A rap on the window with the switch or a rattle of the bells or chains signaled the Belsnickel’s arrival after dark. Upon entering the house, the Belsnickel questioned the children about their behavior during the course of the year and distributed treats to those who had been good, but doled out small punishments to those who had been bad. -
2008 Backlist
Pelican Publishing Company BACKLIST CATALOG S African-American Interest . 56-57 Revolutionary War . 23 Antiques & Collectibles . 4 Southern History . 30 Architecture . 7-9 War of 1812 . 23 Louisiana Architecture . 9 World War II . 28 Majesty Architecture Series ...........................7 Holidays. 59-63 New Orleans Architecture Series .......................8 Christmas . 61 Art . 1-3 Halloween . 60 ONTENT Louisiana Art . 3 Hanukkah . 58, 61 C Mardi Gras Treasures Series by Henri Schindler . 3 Thanksgiving . 60 Biography & Autobiography . 37-40 The Night Before Christmas Series.................. 62-63 Louisiana Figures . 37 Humor . 19 Personal Memoirs. 40 Hurricanes. 36 Business & Economics. 46-47 Irish Interest . 55 Business Communication. 46 St. Patrick’s Day . 55 Entrepreneurship . 47 Judaica . 57-58 Kevin Hogan . 46 Music & Performing Arts . 5 Management . 47 Outlaws. 35 Sales & Selling . 47 Pirates . 40 Cartoons . 20-21 Poetry . 44 Best Editorial Cartoons of the Year Series . 21 Political Science. 22 Children’s Author Features . 45 Reference. 53 David Davis . 45 Genealogy . 53 Steven L. Layne . 45 Trivia . 53 Cookbooks. 10-18 Religion . 50-51 Frank Davis . 16 Dove Inspirational Press . 50 Jude Theriot . 17 Joe H. Cothen . 51 Justin Wilson . 17 Renaissance New Testament . 51 Restaurant Cookbooks . 10-11 Self-Help . 48-49 Family & Relationships. 52 Mike Hernacki . 49 Fiction & Literature. 41-44 Zig Ziglar . 48 George W. Cable . 43 Scottish Interest. 54 Harold Bell Wright. 43 Sports & Recreation. 67-69 James Everett Kibler . 43 Cruising Guide Series.............................. 67 Gardening & Nature. 6 Golfing. 69 Health. 52 Kentucky Derby . 68 History. 23-35 Travel. 64-67 19th Century . 29 Ghost Hunter’s Guides ............................. 67 20th Century . 29 International Travel . -
Culture Swedish Christmas Traditions Culture
Culture – connectedness in diversity Part one: How Christmas is celebrated 1st theme: Culture 2016-2017 Swedish Christmas traditions Typical ways to celebrate Christmas in Sweden Like any other thing we all do things differently in different families and social circles. This poster contains information about the more common traditions surrounding Christmas in Sweden. Before Christianity grew big in Sweden we celebrated Julblot (Yule) during the shortest days of the year. This is a “heathen” tradition from around/after the Viking age, stemming all the way back to before the 13th century. As Christianity grew in Sweden around the mid-1100s the pagan and Christian traditions began to mix. Most of the current traditions surrounding Christmas in Sweden is from the 1800s and 1900s. 1 Document Name In Omnibus Omnia Est – an Erasmus+ project www.iooe.eu 2016-12-18 1 Common Christmas traditions A few of the more common Christmas Another common tradition is the advent traditions in Sweden is advent, Lucia, calendar, which came to Sweden in 1932. lights, decorations, advent calendar Each day of December until Christmas eve and of course all sorts of sweets and you get to open a “window” on the calendar delicious foods. as the days grow closer to Christmas eve. One of the first tradition to start Christmas off in Sweden is advent, which is the 4 Sundays before Christmas. The first, the second, the third and the fourth Sunday in advent. “Advent” is a Version of the Latin word meaning Adventskalender - Advent calendar “coming”. Each advent (Sunday) you light Lucia is celebrated on December 13th and is another candle. -
Winter Solstice
P a g e | 1 Frills and Fancy ezine MSAT MINIDOLLLIST Holiday Issue December 2010 The December’s issue of Frills and Fancy theme is Old World Santa. You will see the list’s rendition of Christmas and other December Come and enjoy the mini- world of December Holidays! holidays around the world. In this issue there are your dolls, your pictures, some other newsletters CONTRIBUTORS in entirety and in part and tutorials. We hope you enjoy it. Guest Editors: Dorothy Farrell and Linda Peabody Karin Bohusch Dana Burton Sandy Calderon Janet Granger Sheryl-Kay Hall Cynthia Howe Yoshiko Kawahata Emma Lewy Evelyn Martin Kathi Mendenhall Please Father Christmas, Linda Peabody Dolly and me Louise Riley Have both been as good as Adele Sciortino Good can be. Lucy Winsky So don’t forget us on Christmas Signed “Your affectionate Dolly and May” (And he didn’t). P a g e | 2 SOME OF OUR OWN SANTA MINIATURES Sleeping Santa by Karin Bohusch Calypso Santa made by Lucy Winsky using Dana’s pattern. Find info at http://www.minidolllist.com/ in the “Mother of All Tutorials” Christmas in Austria by Karin Bohusch P a g e | 3 Christmas in Austria. The time-span of four weeks before December 24th is called the Advent time. On each of the four Sundays one more candle on the Advent wreath is lit. The apartments and houses are decorated with lights in the windows, and the streets are also decorated with chains of lights. In this period the children write a letter to the Christ-Child listing all the wishes they have. -
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Frontier Economics Bulletin Water Energy Snow Telecoms Financial services Festive cheer Healthcare Father Christmas Media Post Retailing Transport Environment Walking in a winter wonderland Contract design and evaluation Dispute support services Market design and auctions DECEMBER 2012 The Invisible Handout SANTA’S ECONOMICS Every Christmas, children receive free goods via a supply chain that winds through their chimney and ends up under a tree. It seems simple and efficient: few customers question the quality of service; seek alternative suppliers; or challenge the price charged in accumulated ‘good behaviour’. But in these tough times Frontier’s economists thought it was time to take a cold, hard look at the quality of the service provided by Santa Claus. Father Christmas is coming to town, and if previous years are anything to go by, he’ll be providing unrivalled service in the Christmas Eve present delivery sector. To do so, he has to operate a complex supply chain with some unusual market dynamics. Upstream, the Elves of Lapland manufacturers have been working day and night to ready products. The Sleigh & Reindeer distribution chain is raring to go, offering Santa unrivalled just-in-time delivery solutions. In the retail market, Father Christmas demands a minimum level of “good behaviour” in exchange for a present. And across this whole supply chain, Father Christmas owns and operates a monolithic vertically integrated business. 2 Frontier Economics | December 2012 In many ways, therefore, Santa’s market is unique. But different economists will analyse its peculiarities from different angles. This bulletin describes the probing questions that four of Frontier’s leading practices would put to Santa plc. -
Scandinavian Ideas for a South Dakota Christmas Leslie Smith
South Dakota State University Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange Extension Circulars SDSU Extension 9-1949 Scandinavian Ideas for a South Dakota Christmas Leslie Smith Follow this and additional works at: http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/extension_circ Recommended Citation Smith, Leslie, "Scandinavian Ideas for a South Dakota Christmas" (1949). Extension Circulars. Paper 425. http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/extension_circ/425 This Circular is brought to you for free and open access by the SDSU Extension at Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Extension Circulars by an authorized administrator of Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Extension Circular 4 5 3 September 1949 , Scandina'>'ian Ideas for a South Dakota Christmas EXTENSION SERVICE SOUTH DAKOTA STATE COLLEGE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE COOPERATING / Scandinac-vian Ide as Ior a South Dakota Christmas LESLIE SMITH As members of Home Extension Clubs, it is entirely fitting that we extend our policy of "Harmony Around the World" to in clude an appreciation and use of the designs and crafts of other people of other lands. It is hoped that this booklet which presents Scandinavian ideas may be the first of a series of Christmas gift circulars based on that appreciation. It is planned that Christmas gift circulars of coming years will tell of Christmas customs of German, Eastern Europe, English, Irish, French and other peoples who make up our South Dakota ancestry. Wlii.at is Christmas like in the Scandinavian countries? In your In FINLAND, observance starts at five o'clock the day before group you may find many of Scandinavian descent, or those who have Christmas. -
The Scoop Newsletter
The Scoop ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Bike Drive Complete! The bicycles (approximately 35) that were donated and repaired by the Senior Center Staff, in cooperation with Keep Oconee County Beautiful, will be delivered this month to ACTS (Area Churches Together Serving) for distribution for Christmas. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- December 2020 STAY HEALTHY THIS HOLIDAY SEASON Family get-togethers over rows of favorite dishes. Shopping mall Santas. Charlie Brown and that pitiful tree (still a heart-tugger after all these years). There’s much to love about this time of year, but let’s face it: The holidays can really wreak havoc on our well-being. Stress can lower the immune system, calorie- Oconee County Senior Center filled treats can challenge the waistline, and slippery sidewalks can lead to nasty 3500B Hog Mountain falls. Not to worry: With a little navigation you can slide through the next few Watkinsville, GA 30677 weeks unscathed and with holiday spirit intact. (706) 769-3979 At the Mall Open Monday through Friday Does the idea of less harried shopping trips sound like a good one? A little prep 8 am to 4 pm work can go a long way toward that. Find us at www.oconeecounty.com! Treat shopping like a workout. Got some athleisure in your closet? Put it on, Look for us on Facebook! dressy sneaks included. Then, “instead of cruising the parking lot, looking for a place that’s close to the store, go to the back forty,” says Janet Hamilton, an Atlanta-based exercise physiologist and owner of Running Strong Professional Coaching. “You’ll get more activity, and your car is less likely to get dinged.” Welcome to the Scoop newsletter.