Open-Source Electronics Platforms Development and Applications
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Open-Source Electronics Platforms Development and Applications Edited by Trung Dung Ngo Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Electronics www.mdpi.com/journal/electronics Open-Source Electronics Platforms Open-Source Electronics Platforms Development and Applications Special Issue Editor Trung Dung Ngo MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade Special Issue Editor Trung Dung Ngo The More-Than-One Robotics Laboratory Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering University of Prince Edward Island Canada Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban-Anlage 66 4052 Basel, Switzerland This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292) from 2018 to 2019 (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/electronics/ special issues/opensource elec platforms). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: LastName, A.A.; LastName, B.B.; LastName, C.C. Article Title. Journal Name Year, Article Number, Page Range. ISBN 978-3-03897-972-2 (Pbk) ISBN 978-3-03897-973-9 (PDF) Cover image courtesy of Trung Dung Ngo. c 2019 by the authors. Articles in this book are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book as a whole is distributed by MDPI under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND. Contents About the Special Issue Editor ...................................... vii Preface to ”Open-Source Electronics Platforms” ............................ ix Trung Dung Ngo Open-Source Electronics Platforms: Development and Applications Reprinted from: Electronics 2019, 8, 428, doi:10.3390/electronics8040428 ............... 1 Sergio Trilles, Alberto Gonz´alez-P´erez and Joaqu´ın Huerta A Comprehensive IoT Node Proposal Using Open Hardware. A Smart Farming Use Case to Monitor Vineyards Reprinted from: Electronics 2018, 7, 419, doi:10.3390/electronics7120419 ............... 4 Liang Zhang, Jongwon Kim and Yongho LEE The Platform Development of a Real-Time Momentum Data Collection System for Livestock in Wide Grazing Land Reprinted from: Electronics 2018, 7, 71, doi:10.3390/electronics7050071 ............... 35 Lei Hang, Wenquan Jin, HyeonSik Yoon, Yong Geun Hong and Do Hyeun Kim Design and Implementation of a Sensor-Cloud Platform for Physical Sensor Management on CoT Environments Reprinted from: Electronics 2018, 7, 140, doi:10.3390/electronics7080140 ............... 46 Alexey Kashevnik and Nikolay Teslya Blockchain-Oriented Coalition Formation by CPS Resources: Ontological Approach and Case Study Reprinted from: Electronics 2018, 7, 66, doi:10.3390/electronics7050066 ............... 71 Catherine Rooney, Amar Seeam, Jakub Konka and Xavier Bellekens Creation and Detection of Hardware Trojans Using Non-Invasive Off-The-Shelf Technologies Reprinted from: Electronics 2018, 7, 124, doi:10.3390/electronics7070124 ............... 87 Paolo Ferrari, Alessandra Flammini, Stefano Rinaldi, Emiliano Sisinni, Davide Maffei and Matteo Malara Impact of Quality of Service on Cloud Based Industrial IoT Applications with OPC UA Reprinted from: Electronics 2018, 7, 109, doi:10.3390/electronics7070109 ...............108 Massimo Merenda, Demetrio Iero, Giovanni Pangallo, Paolo Falduto, Giovanna Adinolfi, Angelo Merola, Giorgio Graditi and Francesco G. Della Corte Open-Source Hardware Platforms for Smart Converters with Cloud Connectivity Reprinted from: Electronics 2019, 8, 367, doi:10.3390/electronics8030367 ...............122 Jung-Jin Yang, Gyeong Woo Gang and Tae Seon Kim Development of EOG-Based Human Computer Interface (HCI) System Using Piecewise Linear Approximation (PLA) and Support Vector Regression (SVR) Reprinted from: Electronics 2018, 7, 38, doi:10.3390/electronics7030038 ...............137 Jonathan Alvarez´ Ariza DSCBlocks: An Open-Source Platform for Learning Embedded Systems Based on Algorithm Visualizations and Digital Signal Controllers Reprinted from: Electronics 2019, 8, 228, doi:10.3390/electronics8020228 ...............155 v Ha Quang Thinh Ngo and Mai-Ha Phan Design of an Open Platform for Multi-Disciplinary Approach in Project-Based Learning of an EPICS Class Reprinted from: Electronics 2019, 8, 200, doi:10.3390/electronics8020200 ...............185 Julio Vega and Jos´eM.Ca˜nas PiBot: An Open Low-Cost Robotic Platform with Camera for STEM Education Reprinted from: Electronics 2018, 7, 430, doi:10.3390/electronics7120430 ...............212 Daniel G. Costa and Cristian Duran-Faundez Open-Source Electronics Platforms as Enabling Technologies for Smart Cities: Recent Developments and Perspectives Reprinted from: Electronics 2018, 7, 404, doi:10.3390/electronics7120404 ...............229 vi About the Special Issue Editor Trung Dung Ngo is an Associate Professor at the Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island (UPEI), Canada. He has been the Founding Director of the More-Than-One Robotics Laboratory since 2008 and the Lead Researcher for the UPEI Centre for Excellence in Robotics and Industrial Automation, where he has coordinated a number of research projects and contributed technical consultation to government sectors and industrial companies in robotics, automation, and seafood processing. He has been interested in the development and usage of open-source electronics for teaching and research activities. He was the Guest Editor for a number of Special Issues and an edited Book. He is a Senior Member of IEEE. vii Preface to ”Open-Source Electronics Platforms” Open-source electronics are becoming very popular, and are integrated with our daily educational and developmental activities. At present, the use open-source electronics for teaching science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) has become a global trend. Off-the-shelf embedded electronics such as Arduino- and Raspberry-compatible modules have been widely used for various applications, from do-it-yourself (DIY) to industrial projects. In addition to the growth of open-source software platforms, open-source electronics play an important role in narrowing the gap between prototyping and product development. Indeed, the technological and social impacts of open-source electronics in teaching, research, and innovation have been widely recognized. This book is a collection of 12 selected chapters from authors around the world. This collection represents the diversity as well as impact of open-source electronics through numerous system developments and applications. A summary of the chapters in this book can be overviewed as follows. Chapter 1: Trilles et al. developed Internet of Things (IoT)-based sensor nodes named SEnviro for smart agriculture. The wireless sensor node enables the integration of temperature, air humidity, barometer, soil moisture, and weather sensors, as well as a 3G wireless communication module and a sonar panel. A state machine-based software platform consisting of logic control, basic configuration, communication, and energy consumption modules was implemented to govern the behavioral operations of the nodes. The wireless sensor nodes were deployed and tested with the application of monitoring and detecting diseases in vineyards. Chapter 2: Zhang et al. presented a platform for the real-time data transmission and analysis of livestock. The platform was an integration of wireless sensor nodes mounted on livestock and repeaters for data relay and processing. The developed system was deployed and examined with the processes of feeding and breeding management in grazing on a real field. Chapter 3: Hang et al. proposed a sensor-cloud-based platform capable of virtually representing physical sensors in the Cloud of Things (CoT) environment. The design and implementation procedures of the sensor-cloud platform governing different types of wireless sensor nodes with the faulty sensor detection capability was addressed and verified through comparison analysis with the existing systems. Chapter 4: Kashevnick et al. proposed an ontological approach of blockchain-based coalition formation for cyber-physical systems (CPSs). A model of abstract and operational context management for interaction and ontology of multi-agent cyber-physical systems was developed and evaluated through the collaboration of a heterogenous system of mobile robots. Chapter 5: Rooney et al. presented a method of hardware trojan creation and detection using FPGAs and off-the-shelf components. They demonstrated that using off-the-shelf components could reduce the cost of integrated circuit design and the fabrication of trojan detection in different settings. Chapter 6: Ferrari et al. proposed an experimental methodology for examining the impact of quality of service (QoS) on the communication delay between production lines and cloud platforms using open platform communication unified architecture (OPC UA) gateways. The experiment results measuring the overall time delay between a machine with an OPC UA interface and a cloud platform demonstrate the impact of the QoS parameters on the communication delay, which is an important factor to guarantee the real-time processing of industrial IoTs. Chapter 7: Merenda et al. presented the design and implementation of smart converters for ix metering and testing the current and voltage of renewable energy systems. Using