Uplift-Driven Diversification in the Hengduan Mountains, a Temperate
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Tibetan Plateau (PDF, 279
Tibetan plateau W09 W09 Threatened species HE many high-altitude lakes and marshlands on the Tibetan Tplateau support one unique waterbird species, Black-necked CR EN VU Total Crane, which is widely distributed during the breeding season but —— 22 moves to the relatively low eastern and southern parts of the plateau for the winter. Baer’s Pochard and Pallas’s Fish-eagle also occur on ———— the southern and eastern fringes of the plateau. —— 11 ■ Key habitats High altitude lakes and marshland. Total —— 33 ■ Countries and territories China (Xinjiang, Tibet, Qinghai, Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou); India (Jammu and Kashmir Key: = breeding in this wetland region. = passage migrant. [Ladakh], Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh); Bhutan. = non-breeding visitor. Black-necked Crane is unique to the high altitude wetlands of the Tibetan plateau. PHOTO: OTTO PFISTER 177 Tibetan plateau OUTSTANDING IBAs FOR CONSERVATION ISSUES AND STRATEGIC THREATENED BIRDS (see Table 1) SOLUTIONS (summarised in Table 3) Nine IBAs have been selected, including three important Habitat loss and degradation breeding areas and six important non-breeding ■ WETLAND DRAINAGE W09 concentrations of Black-necked Crane. Some of the high-altitude wetlands used by Black-necked Cranes are being converted into wet grasslands, and then CURRENT STATUS OF HABITATS AND gradually into steppe and arid land. Habitat pressures are THREATENED SPECIES heaviest in the species’s wintering range, because it is at relatively low altitudes and more densely populated, with The human population density on the Tibetan plateau is many areas in Yunnan and Guizhou being affected by very low, and many areas are relatively undisturbed. drainage and damming. -
Glaciers in Xinjiang, China: Past Changes and Current Status
water Article Glaciers in Xinjiang, China: Past Changes and Current Status Puyu Wang 1,2,3,*, Zhongqin Li 1,3,4, Hongliang Li 1,2, Zhengyong Zhang 3, Liping Xu 3 and Xiaoying Yue 1 1 State Key Laboratory of Cryosphere Science/Tianshan Glaciological Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China; [email protected] (Z.L.); [email protected] (H.L.); [email protected] (X.Y.) 2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China 3 College of Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; [email protected] (Z.Z.); [email protected] (L.X.) 4 College of Geography and Environment Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 18 June 2020; Accepted: 11 August 2020; Published: 24 August 2020 Abstract: The Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China is the largest arid region in Central Asia, and is heavily dependent on glacier melt in high mountains for water supplies. In this paper, glacier and climate changes in Xinjiang during the past decades were comprehensively discussed based on glacier inventory data, individual monitored glacier observations, recent publications, as well as meteorological records. The results show that glaciers have been in continuous mass loss and dimensional shrinkage since the 1960s, although there are spatial differences between mountains and sub-regions, and the significant temperature increase is the dominant controlling factor of glacier change. The mass loss of monitored glaciers in the Tien Shan has accelerated since the late 1990s, but has a slight slowing after 2010. Remote sensing results also show a more negative mass balance in the 2000s and mass loss slowing in the latest decade (2010s) in most regions. -
Kinematics of Active Deformation Across the Western Kunlun Mountain Range (Xinjiang, China), and Potential Seismic Hazards Within the Southern Tarim Basin
Downloaded from orbit.dtu.dk on: Oct 03, 2021 Kinematics of active deformation across the Western Kunlun mountain range (Xinjiang, China), and potential seismic hazards within the southern Tarim Basin Guilbaud, Christelle; Simoes, Martine; Barrier, Laurie; Laborde, Amandine; Van der Woerd, Jérôme; Li, Haibing; Tapponnier, Paul; Coudroy, Thomas; Murray, Andrew Sean Published in: Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth Link to article, DOI: 10.1002/2017JB014069 Publication date: 2017 Document Version Peer reviewed version Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Guilbaud, C., Simoes, M., Barrier, L., Laborde, A., Van der Woerd, J., Li, H., Tapponnier, P., Coudroy, T., & Murray, A. S. (2017). Kinematics of active deformation across the Western Kunlun mountain range (Xinjiang, China), and potential seismic hazards within the southern Tarim Basin. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 122(12), 10,398-10,426. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JB014069 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. -
Remote Sensing of Alpine Lake Water Environment Changes on the Tibetan Plateau and Surroundings: a Review ⇑ Chunqiao Song A, Bo Huang A,B, , Linghong Ke C, Keith S
ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 92 (2014) 26–37 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/isprsjprs Review Article Remote sensing of alpine lake water environment changes on the Tibetan Plateau and surroundings: A review ⇑ Chunqiao Song a, Bo Huang a,b, , Linghong Ke c, Keith S. Richards d a Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong b Institute of Space and Earth Information Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong c Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong d Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EN, United Kingdom article info abstract Article history: Alpine lakes on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are key indicators of climate change and climate variability. The Received 16 September 2013 increasing availability of remote sensing techniques with appropriate spatiotemporal resolutions, broad Received in revised form 26 February 2014 coverage and low costs allows for effective monitoring lake changes on the TP and surroundings and Accepted 3 March 2014 understanding climate change impacts, particularly in remote and inaccessible areas where there are lack Available online 26 March 2014 of in situ observations. This paper firstly introduces characteristics of Tibetan lakes, and outlines available satellite observation platforms and different remote sensing water-body extraction algorithms. Then, this Keyword: paper reviews advances in applying remote sensing methods for various lake environment monitoring, Tibetan Plateau including lake surface extent and water level, glacial lake and potential outburst floods, lake ice phenol- Lake Remote sensing ogy, geological or geomorphologic evidences of lake basins, with a focus on the trends and magnitudes of Glacial lake lake area and water-level change and their spatially and temporally heterogeneous patterns. -
Quantifying Trends of Land Change in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau During 2001–2015
remote sensing Article Quantifying Trends of Land Change in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during 2001–2015 Chao Wang, Qiong Gao and Mei Yu * Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, San Juan, PR 00936, USA; [email protected] (C.W.); [email protected] (Q.G.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-787-764-0000 Received: 1 September 2019; Accepted: 17 October 2019; Published: 20 October 2019 Abstract: The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is among the most sensitive ecosystems to changes in global climate and human activities, and quantifying its consequent change in land-cover land-use (LCLU) is vital for assessing the responses and feedbacks of alpine ecosystems to global climate changes. In this study, we first classified annual LCLU maps from 2001–2015 in QTP from MODIS satellite images, then analyzed the patterns of regional hotspots with significant land changes across QTP, and finally, associated these trends in land change with climate forcing and human activities. The pattern of land changes suggested that forests and closed shrublands experienced substantial expansions in the southeastern mountainous region during 2001–2015 with the expansion of massive meadow loss. Agricultural land abandonment and the conversion by conservation policies existed in QTP, and the newly-reclaimed agricultural land partially offset the loss with the resulting net change of 5.1%. Although the urban area only expanded 586 km2, mainly at the expense of agricultural − land, its rate of change was the largest (41.2%). Surface water exhibited a large expansion of 5866 km2 (10.2%) in the endorheic basins, while mountain glaciers retreated 8894 km2 ( 3.4%) mainly in the − southern and southeastern QTP. -
Teach Uyghur Project Educational Outreach Document
TEACH UYGHUR PROJECT EDUCATIONAL OUTREACH DOCUMENT UYGHUR AMERICAN ASSOCIATION / NOVEMBER 2020 Who are the Uyghurs? The Uyghurs are a Turkic, majority Muslim ethnic group indigenous to Central Asia. The Uyghur homeland is known to Uyghurs as East Turkistan, but is officially known and internationally recognized as the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. Due to the occupation of their homeland by the Qing Dynasty of China and the colonization of East Turkistan initiated by the Chinese Communist Party, many Uyghurs have fled abroad. There are several hundred thousand Uyghurs living in the independent Central Asian states of Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan, as well as a large diaspora in Turkey and in Europe. There are and estimated 8,000 to 10,000 Uyghurs in the United States. The Uyghur people are currently being subjected to a campaign of mass incarceration, mass surveillance, forced labor, population control, and genocide, perpetrated by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). About the Uyghur American Association (UAA) Established in 1998, the Uyghur American Association (UAA) is a non-partisan organization with the chief goals of promoting and preserving Uyghur culture, and supporting the right of Uyghur people to use peaceful, democratic means to determine their own political futures. Based in the Washington D.C. Metropolitan Area, the UAA serves as the primary hub for the Uyghur diaspora community in the United States. About the "Teach Uyghur Project" Education is a powerful tool for facilitating change. The goal of this project is to encourage teachers to teach about Uyghurs, and to persuade schools, and eventually state legislatures, to incorporate Uyghurs into primary and secondary school curriculum. -
Himalaya - Southern-Tibet: the Typical Continent-Continent Collision Orogen
237 Himalaya - Southern-Tibet: the typical continent-continent collision orogen When an oceanic plate is subducted beneath a continental lithosphere, an Andean mountain range develops on the edge of the continent. If the subducting plate also contains some continental lithosphere, plate convergence eventually brings both continents into juxtaposition. While the oceanic lithosphere is relatively dense and sinks into the asthenosphere, the greater sialic content of the continental lithosphere ascribes positive buoyancy in the asthenosphere, which hinders the continental lithosphere to be subducted any great distance. Consequently, a continental lithosphere arriving at a trench will confront the overriding continent. Rapid relative convergence is halted and crustal shortening forms a collision mountain range. The plane marking the locus of collision is a suture, which usually preserves slivers of the oceanic lithosphere that formerly separated the continents, known as ophiolites. The collision between the Indian subcontinent and what is now Tibet began in the Eocene. It involved and still involves north-south convergence throughout southern Tibet and the Himalayas. This youthful mountain area is the type example for studies of continental collision processes. The Himalayas Location The Himalayas form a nearly 3000 km long, 250-350 km wide range between India to the south and the huge Tibetan plateau, with a mean elevation of 5000 m, to the north. The Himalayan mountain belt has a relatively simple, arcuate, and cylindrical geometry over most of its length and terminates at both ends in nearly transverse syntaxes, i.e. areas where orogenic structures turn sharply about a vertical axis. Both syntaxes are named after the main peaks that tower above them, the Namche Barwa (7756 m) to the east and the Nanga Parbat (8138 m) to the west, in Pakistan. -
Article-Lanzhou
13 by He Yuanqing, Yao Tandong, Cheng Guodong, and Yang Meixue Climatic records in a firn core from an Alpine temperate glacier on Mt. Yulong, southeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 73000, China. Mt. Yulong is the southernmost glacier-covered area in Asian southwestern monsoon climate. Their total area is 11.61 km2. Eurasia, including China. There are 19 sub-tropical The glaciers resemble a group of flying dragons, giving Mt. Yulong temperate glaciers on the mountain, controlled by the (white dragon) as its name. Many explorers, tourists, poets and scientists have described southwestern monsoon climate. In the summer of 1999, Mt. Yulong from different points of view (Ward, 1924; Wissmann, a firn core, 10.10 m long, extending down to glacier ice, 1937). However, as they were unable to cross the extremely steep was recovered in the accumulation area of the largest mountain slopes and the forested area to the glacier above 4000 m a.s.l., some reported data were not correct. Most of the literature has glacier, Baishui No.1. Periodic variations of climatic focussed on the alpine landscape and the snow scenery, and there are signals above 7.8 m depth were apparent, and net accu- few accounts of the existing glaciers. Ren et al (1957) and Luo and mulation of four years was identified by the annual Yang (1963) first reported the distribution of these glaciers and of the late Pleistocene glacial landforms. To clarify the scale of glacia- oscillations of isotopic and ionic composition. -
Genetic Structure and Eco-Geographical Differentiation of Lancea Tibetica in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
G C A T T A C G G C A T genes Article Genetic Structure and Eco-Geographical Differentiation of Lancea tibetica in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Xiaofeng Chi 1,2 , Faqi Zhang 1,2,* , Qingbo Gao 1,2, Rui Xing 1,2 and Shilong Chen 1,2,* 1 Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China; [email protected] (X.C.); [email protected] (Q.G.); [email protected] (R.X.) 2 Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, Xining 810001, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (F.Z.); [email protected] (S.C.) Received: 14 December 2018; Accepted: 24 January 2019; Published: 29 January 2019 Abstract: The uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) had a profound impact on the plant speciation rate and genetic diversity. High genetic diversity ensures that species can survive and adapt in the face of geographical and environmental changes. The Tanggula Mountains, located in the central of the QTP, have unique geographical significance. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the Tanggula Mountains as a geographical barrier on plant genetic diversity and structure by using Lancea tibetica. A total of 456 individuals from 31 populations were analyzed using eight pairs of microsatellite makers. The total number of alleles was 55 and the number per locus ranged from 3 to 11 with an average of 6.875. The polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.2693 to 0.7761 with an average of 0.4378 indicating that the eight microsatellite makers were efficient for distinguishing genotypes. -
Diversity and Geographical Pattern of Altitudinal Belts in the Hengduan Mountains in China
J. Mt. Sci. (2010) 7: 123–132 DOI: 10.1007/s11629-010-1011-9 Diversity and Geographical Pattern of Altitudinal Belts in the Hengduan Mountains in China YAO Yonghui, ZHANG Baiping*, HAN Fang, and PANG Yu Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. E-mail: [email protected] * Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] © Science Press and Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 Abstract: This paper analyses the diversity and effect needs further study. In addition, the data spatial pattern of the altitudinal belts in the quality and data accuracy at present also affect to Hengduan Mountains in China. A total of 7 types of some extent the result of quantitative modeling and base belts and 26 types of altitudinal belts are should be improved with RS/GIS in the future. identified in the study region. The main altitudinal belt lines, such as forest line, the upper limit of dark Keywords: Hengduan Mountains; Altitudinal belt coniferous forest and snow line, have similar spectra; Exposure effect; Quadratic model latitudinal and longitudinal spatial patterns, namely, arched quadratic curve model with latitudes and concave quadratic curve model along longitudinal Introduction direction. These patterns can be together called as “Hyperbolic-paraboloid model”, revealing the complexity and speciality of the environment and Globally and generally, the upper and lower ecology in the study region. This result further limits of altitudinal belts vary (increase) from high validates the hypnosis of a common quadratic model latitudes to low latitudes, from continental for spatial pattern of mountain altitudinal belts peripheries to inland areas, and from very humid proposed by the authors. -
Drought Evolution Characteristics of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Over the Last 100 Years Based on SPEI
https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2021-73 Preprint. Discussion started: 31 March 2021 c Author(s) 2021. CC BY 4.0 License. Drought evolution characteristics of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau over the last 100 years based on SPEI Shengzhen Wang1, Fenggui Liu1,2 , Qiang Zhou1 , Qiong Chen1, Baicheng Niu1 , Xingsheng Xia1 1 College of Geographical Sciences, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 811600, China 5 2 Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Xining, 811600, China Correspondence to: Fenggui Liu ([email protected]) Abstract: The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau was calculated using the CRU4.03 gridded dataset from 1901 to 2018 in this paper. Then, based on the SPEI data, drought on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was studied in terms of its spatial and temporal distributions and its changing characteristics over the last 100 years. 10 The results revealed that the precipitation in the southeastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has been steadily rising over the last 100 years, in conjunction with only minor temperature shifts. In the northwestern part of the plateau, precipitation has decreased significantly, accompanied by a significant increase in temperature. The drought on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau showed a clear gradual increase in aridity from southeast to northwest over the last hundred years. The SPEI also showed distinct seasonal patterns, steadily increasing in spring and summer and decreasing significantly in autumn and winter. In 15 addition, each season had its own spatial characteristics. The northeastern part of the plateau, except the Qaidam Basin, showed a significant aridity trend in all seasons. -
Stroeven-Et-Al-2009-Landscape-Analysis-Huang-He-Headwaters.Pdf
Geomorphology 103 (2009) 212–226 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Geomorphology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/geomorph Landscape analysis of the Huang He headwaters, NE Tibetan Plateau — Patterns of glacial and fluvial erosion A.P. Stroeven a,⁎, C. Hättestrand a, J. Heyman a, J. Harbor b, Y.K. Li c, L.P. Zhou d, M.W. Caffee e, H. Alexanderson a, J. Kleman a, H.Z. Ma f, G.N. Liu d a Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology, Stockholm University, Sweden b Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, USA c Department of Geography, University of Missouri-Columbia, USA d Department of Geography, Peking University, Beijing, China e Purdue Rare Isotope Measurement Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA f Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: The large-scale geomorphology of the Huang He (Yellow River) headwaters, centered around the Bayan Har Accepted 1 December 2007 Shan (5267 m asl) in the northeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau, is dominated by an uplifted remnant of a Available online 10 May 2008 low-relief relict plateau with several mountain ranges. We have performed geomorphological mapping using SRTM topographic data and Landsat 7 ETM+ satellite imagery to evaluate landscape characteristics and Keywords: patterns, and to investigate the relative importance of different erosional processes in the dissection of this Tibet plateau remnant. The distribution of valley morphologies indicates that the eastern and southern margins of Glacial history River incision the plateau remnant have been extensively dissected by the Huang He and Chang Jiang (Yangtze) rivers and Huang He Ice Sheet associated tributaries, while the mountain ranges have valley morphologies with U-shaped cross-sections Relict surface that indicate large impacts from glacial erosion during Quaternary glaciations.