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Zootaxa, Revision of the Genus Hoplosauris Butler 1882 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)

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Zootaxa, Revision of the Genus Hoplosauris Butler 1882 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) Zootaxa 1989: 39–54 (2009) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2009 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Revision of the genus Hoplosauris Butler 1882 (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) LUIS E. PARRA, MARÍA C. JIMÉNEZ-URRUTIA & CARLOS ZAMORA-MANZUR Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The genus Hoplosauris Butler 1882 is reviewed and redefined. Species belonging to the genera Notholoba syn. nov. and Physoloba Warren (1908) are incorporated into Hoplosauris, and the species Physoloba griseofasciata is maintained Physoloba as its type species. The following eight species are recognized in Hoplosauris: H. heliconoides Butler, 1882; H. schausi (Warren 1908) comb. nov.; H. valeria Butler 1893; H. indistincta (Butler, 1882) comb. nov.; H. macarenae Parra sp. nov.; H. granitata (Fletcher 1953) comb. nov.; H. pachrophylloides Parra sp. nov.; H. mabillei Parra sp. nov. Synapomorphic characters supporting monophyly of Hoplosauris include vesicle of anal margin of the male hindwings small, corpus bursae striated, internal surface of corpus bursae with microspines, and valvae with androconia subapically. Adult wing patterns and genitalia are illustrated, and geographic distributions discussed. Key words: Larentiinae, Trichopterygini, new combinations, Notholoba, Physoloba, Hoplosauris mabillei, H. pachrophylloides, H. macarenae, H. granitata, H. heliconoides, H. valeria, H. schausi, H. indistincta, Chile, Argentina Introduction The Larentiinae are the second most diverse subfamily of Geometridae, and they are also the most species- rich group in temperate regions and higher elevated zones of tropical areas (Scoble 1995). Larentiinae are relatively well known in the sub-Andean region (Morrone 2001), particularly the tribes Eupitheciini and Trichopterygini (Rindge 1987; Parra 1997). According to Angulo and Casanueva (1981) this subfamily is represented in Chile by 36 genera and 87 species. Research carried out by Parra (1991, 1996), Parra & Ibarra- Vidal (1997) and Parra & Santos-Salas (1991, 1992) includes updated reviews on the tribe Trichopterygini. Prout (1912) defined the Trichopterygini by males males having lobe, lapel or vesicle in the base of the hindwings. As a tribe, Trichopterygini are distributed worldwide and are present in all faunistic regions (Dugdale 1980). In the southern Andean region, the Trichopterygini include 9 endemic genera (Parra 1997). Additionally, there are 3 genera which are also represented in this region: Hoplosauris Butler 1882; Notholoba Warren 1908 and Physoloba Warren 1908. Notholoba and Physoloba can be distinguished from other genera by having a vesicle on the male hindwing, whereas Hoplosauris bears a lapel. Hoplosauris Butler (1882) was erected based on the type species H. heliconoides, which was defined by wing pattern of the males and females. Butler (1882) suggested the genus was closely related to Tatosoma from New Zealand, and he included H. alba Btl. and H. moesta Btl. in his concept of Hoplosauris. Scoble (1999), in his world catalogue of geometrid moths, listed five additional species under this genus: H. analogica (Prout 1926), H. fragmentata (Dognin 1906), H. imbricaria (Felder & Rogenhofer 1875), H. limnetes (Prout 1923) and H. perornata (Mabille 1885), on the basis of information gathered by Scoble along with examination of specimens at the British Museum of Natural History (BMNH). Additionally, Butler (1893) described H. valeria as a new species for Chile, which Scoble (1999) as a valid species of an unnamed genus of Larentiinae. Accepted by L. Gall: 15 Dec. 2008; published: 27 Jan. 2009 39 The taxonomic history of Notholoba and Physoloba is limited. Scoble (1999) listed two Chilean species in Notholoba: N. edelmira (Butler 1882), previously included in the genus Hoplosauris; and N. schausi Warren, 1908. Physoloba (sensu Scoble 1999) is defined by five species of which four are described from Chile: Physoloba indistincta (Butler 1882), P. insularis (Aurivillius et al. 1922), P. multivirgulata (Mabille 1885) and P. granitata Fletcher 1953. The fifth species is P. griseofasciata Warren (1908), the type species of Physoloba genus, with type locality of Parana, Brazil. This paper examines relationships among species in Hoplosauris, Notholoba and Physoloba, and includes analysis of type material. Most species belonging to these three genera are reunited under Hoplosauris. A total of 220 specimens were examined from the following instituional collections: Museo de Zoología de la Universidad de Concepción (MZUC-UCCC); Museo de Historia Natural de Santiago, Chile (MNHN); Instituto de Entomología de la Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación (Santiago) (UMCE) collection; The British Museum of Natural History, London, England (BMNH); Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, S.M. de Tucumán, Argentina (IMLT) and the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, U.S.A. (USNM).. Hoplosauris Butler 1882 Hoplosauris Butler 1882: 399. Notholoba Warren 1908: 103. syn. nov. Type species: Hoplosauris heliconoides Butler 1882, types: 1 male, Baños de Chillán, 1 female, Corral, Chile (BMNH). Notholoba schausi Warren 1908, syntypes: 1 male and 1 female, Chile (USNM). Diagnosis: In the male, the anal margin of the hindwings is reduced with a tuft of hair like scales or with a small vesiculae. Valvae sub-rectangular, with androconia at subapical position, vesica with one or two compact groups of compacted spines. Female with corpus bursae spherical or elongated. Internal surface with microspines arranged in different regions. Synapormorphies supporting monophyly of the genus are: a small vesicule and/or a lapel in the anal margin of the male’s hindwings, striate areas and microspines on the internal surface of the corpus bursae; and androconia in the subapical region of the valvae. Description: Antennae sub-apically thickened in both male and female. Thorax and abdomen with brownish scales varying from reddish, orange to greenish tones. Hind wings with a discal spot always present on the dorsal surface. Anal margin of the male hindwings with a concave or convex hairy vesicle or just with hairy scales. Tibial spur formula 0-2-4 in both sexes. Female genitalia, corpus bursae with spherical or elongated, slightly sclerotized, with microspines on internal surface. Sterigma membranous. Male genitalia with sub-rectangular valvae. Androconia at subapical position of valvae. Aedeagus tubular. Vesica with one or two groups of cornuti. Distribution: the genus occurs between latitudes 33º S and 52º S, in Valparaíso and Magallanes provinces (Chile) and Neuquén (Argentina). Checklist of Hoplosauris Hoplosauris granitata (Fletcher 1953) comb. nov. Physoloba granitata Fletcher 1953 Hoplosauris heliconoides Butler 1882 Larentia multivirgulata Mabille 1885 syn. nov. Lobophora multivirgulata (Mabille 1885) Mabille 1891 Physoloba multivirgulata (Mabille 1885) Fletcher 1953 Physoloba heliconoides (Butler 1882) Angulo & Casanueva 1981 Hoplosauris indistincta (Butler 1882) comb. nov. 40 · Zootaxa 1989 © 2009 Magnolia Press PARRA ET AL. Amathia indistincta Butler 1882 Physoloba indistincta (Butler 1882) Fletcher 1953 Rhopalodes viridularia Dognin 1906 Hoplosauris mabillei Parra sp. nov. Hoplosauris pachrophylloides Parra sp. nov. Hoplosauris schausi (Warren 1908) comb. nov. Notholoba schausi Warren 1908 Hoplosauris macarenae Parra sp. nov. Hoplosauris valeria Butler 1893 Hoplosauris schausi (Warren 1908) comb. nov. Notholoba schausi Warren 1908: 103; Scoble 1999: 646. Type. Notholoba schausi, syntypes: 1 male and 1 female, Chillán, Chile (USNM) (examined). Material examined: (4 females, 9 males). Ñuble. 1 male & 1 female, without types, Chillán, Chile (USNM); Las Trancas: 1 female, 8-1-1996 Beéche coll; 4 males, 8-1-1996 Beéche coll; Bulnes km 25: 1 male 27-11-1981 (MZUC-UCCC); Concepción. Concepción: 1 female, 2-11-1960 Gramar coll; 1 female, 13-09- 2001 (MZUC-UCCC); Cautín. Termas río blanco: 1 male 3-1951 (MZUC-UCCC); Valdivia. Valdivia: 1 male, 22-1-1959 Krhamer coll; 1 male 6-2-1959 Krahmer coll. (MZUC-UCCC). Diagnosis. Hoplosauris schausi can be distinguished from the other species of the genus by: spherical corpus bursae (autapomorphy); length of the ductus bursae approximately 1/8 of the total length of the corpus bursae; straight uncus; and cornuti, a group of short and thick spines. Redescription. Male (Figure 1a): Head: Antennae sub-apically thickened, covered by white scales mixed up with some brown scales. Frons and vertex covered mainly by white scales and few brown scales. Labial palpi with a brownish apex and white base. Thorax: dorsal surface of the thorax covered by brown and white scales. Patagia and tegula similalarly covered. Tegula with hair like scales extending posteriorly. Forewings: ground colour of upperside grey with slight brownish tinge, basal area brown, antemedial and postmedial lines dark brown, the latter crenulate, terminal area with dark brown shades. Discal mark dark brown. Ventral surface light brown. Hindwings: reduced and with hairy concave vesicle on anal margin; upperside light brown. Underside whitish. Discal mark dark brown. Coloration of abdomen similar to that of the thorax. Legs chequered dark brown and white. Female. similar to male, without reduced hindwings and without a hairy concave vesicle on the anal margin. Male genitalia (Figures 2a, c). Uncus straight and narrow, slightly
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