SQL Server Transaction Log Not Truncating
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Application Log Analysis
Masarykova univerzita Fakulta}w¡¢£¤¥¦§¨ informatiky !"#$%&'()+,-./012345<yA| Application Log Analysis Master’s thesis Júlia Murínová Brno, 2015 Declaration Hereby I declare, that this paper is my original authorial work, which I have worked out by my own. All sources, references and literature used or excerpted during elaboration of this work are properly cited and listed in complete reference to the due source. Júlia Murínová Advisor: doc. RNDr. Vlastislav Dohnal, Ph.D. iii Acknowledgement I would like to express my gratitude to doc. RNDr. Vlastislav Dohnal, Ph.D. for his guidance and help during work on this thesis. Furthermore I would like to thank my parents, friends and family for their continuous support. My thanks also belongs to my boyfriend for all his assistance and help. v Abstract The goal of this thesis is to introduce the log analysis area in general, compare available systems for web log analysis, choose an appropriate solution for sample data and implement the proposed solution. Thesis contains overview of monitoring and log analysis, specifics of application log analysis and log file formats definitions. Various available systems for log analysis both proprietary and open-source are compared and categorized with overview comparison tables of supported functionality. Based on the comparison and requirements analysis appropriate solution for sample data is chosen. The ELK stack (Elasticsearch, Logstash and Kibana) and ElastAlert framework are deployed and configured for analysis of sample application log data. Logstash configuration is adjusted for collecting, parsing and processing sample data input supporting reading from file as well as online socket logs collection. Additional information for anomaly detection is computed and added to log records in Logstash processing. -
Analysis of Web Logs and Web User in Web Mining
International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA), Vol.3, No.1, January 2011 ANALYSIS OF WEB LOGS AND WEB USER IN WEB MINING L.K. Joshila Grace 1, V.Maheswari 2, Dhinaharan Nagamalai 3, 1Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science and Engineering [email protected] 2 Professor and Head,Department of Computer Applications 1,2 Sathyabama University,Chennai,India 3Wireilla Net Solutions PTY Ltd, Australia ABSTRACT Log files contain information about User Name, IP Address, Time Stamp, Access Request, number of Bytes Transferred, Result Status, URL that Referred and User Agent. The log files are maintained by the web servers. By analysing these log files gives a neat idea about the user. This paper gives a detailed discussion about these log files, their formats, their creation, access procedures, their uses, various algorithms used and the additional parameters that can be used in the log files which in turn gives way to an effective mining. It also provides the idea of creating an extended log file and learning the user behaviour. KEYWORDS Web Log file, Web usage mining, Web servers, Log data, Log Level directive. 1. INTRODUCTION Log files are files that list the actions that have been occurred. These log files reside in the web server. Computers that deliver the web pages are called as web servers. The Web server stores all of the files necessary to display the Web pages on the users computer. All the individual web pages combines together to form the completeness of a Web site. Images/graphic files and any scripts that make dynamic elements of the site function. -
SQL Server Protection Whitepaper
SQL Server Protection Whitepaper Contents 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 2 Documentation .................................................................................................................................................................. 2 Licensing ............................................................................................................................................................................... 2 The benefits of using the SQL Server Add-on ....................................................................................................... 2 Requirements ...................................................................................................................................................................... 2 2. SQL Protection overview ................................................................................................................ 3 User databases ................................................................................................................................................................... 3 System databases .............................................................................................................................................................. 4 Transaction logs ................................................................................................................................................................ -
How to Conduct Transaction Log Analysis for Web Searching And
Search Log Analysis: What is it; what’s been done; how to do it Bernard J. Jansen School of Information Sciences and Technology The Pennsylvania State University 329F IST Building University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 Email: [email protected] Abstract The use of data stored in transaction logs of Web search engines, Intranets, and Web sites can provide valuable insight into understanding the information-searching process of online searchers. This understanding can enlighten information system design, interface development, and devising the information architecture for content collections. This article presents a review and foundation for conducting Web search transaction log analysis. A methodology is outlined consisting of three stages, which are collection, preparation, and analysis. The three stages of the methodology are presented in detail with discussions of goals, metrics, and processes at each stage. Critical terms in transaction log analysis for Web searching are defined. The strengths and limitations of transaction log analysis as a research method are presented. An application to log client-side interactions that supplements transaction logs is reported on, and the application is made available for use by the research community. Suggestions are provided on ways to leverage the strengths of, while addressing the limitations of, transaction log analysis for Web searching research. Finally, a complete flat text transaction log from a commercial search engine is available as supplementary material with this manuscript. Introduction Researchers have used transaction logs for analyzing a variety of Web systems (Croft, Cook, & Wilder, 1995; Jansen, Spink, & Saracevic, 2000; Jones, Cunningham, & McNab, 1998; Wang, 1 of 42 Berry, & Yang, 2003). Web search engine companies use transaction logs (also referred to as search logs) to research searching trends and effects of system improvements (c.f., Google at http://www.google.com/press/zeitgeist.html or Yahoo! at http://buzz.yahoo.com/buzz_log/?fr=fp- buzz-morebuzz). -
System Log Files Kernel Ring Buffer Viewing Log Files the Log Files
System Log Files Most log files are found in /var/log Checking logs are critical to see if things are working correctly Checking logs is critical to see if things are working correctly. Take a look at all the log files on scratch ls /var/log Kernel Ring Buffer The kernel ring buffer is something like a log file for the kernel; however, unlike other log files, it’s stored in memory rather than in a disk file. You can use the dmesg command to view it. Many times it is logged to /var/log/dmesg as well. It requires sudo privileges to read the /var/log/dmesg file, but not to run the dmesg command. Viewing log files There are a number of commands to view log files. cat less head tail Anytime a new entry is added to a log file, it is appended to the end of the file. This is one of those times where tail is particularly useful. Usually when we want to look at log files we want to look at the most recent entries. When organizing our viewing command - order matters. Most of the following commands produce different results. And all are useful depending on what type of results you want. Go through the thought process and figure out what each command does. Can you figure out which three produce identical results? cat /var/log/syslog cat /var/log/syslog | grep daemon cat /var/log/syslog | grep daemon | tail -n 10 cat /var/log/syslog | tail -n 10 cat /var/log/syslog | tail -n 10 | grep daemon less /var/log/syslog less /var/log/syslog | tail -n 10 | grep daemon head -n 10 /var/log/syslog head -n 10 /var/log/syslog | grep daemon tail -n 10 /var/log/syslog tail -n 10 /var/log/syslog | grep daemon If you add the -f option to the tail command it provides a live watch of the log file. -
Destiny® System Backups
Destiny® system backups Establishing a backup and restore plan for Destiny Overview It is important to establish a backup and restore plan for your Destiny installation. The plan must be validated and monitored to ensure that your data is sufficiently backed up and can be recovered in the event of hardware failure or other disaster. IMPORTANT Follett recommends deploying a comprehensive backup solution and testing and monitoring all backup processes. There are tradeoff decisions to be made in the backup strategy that will be shaped by your organization’s risk tolerance, technology constraints, and ability to absorb data loss or downtime. This document provides an overview of standard backup and restore for the Destiny system. IMPORTANT This content does not cover high-availability configurations such as clustered servers or log shipping. Please contact Follett School Solutions, Inc. Technical Support should you have any questions about backing up your Destiny installation. For details, see Destiny® system backups. Backing up Destiny: an overview SQL database The heart of the Destiny data resides in the SQL database. These are the main components of SQL data to be backed up: The Destiny SQL database. This database contains the main Destiny data. Proper SQL backup configuration of this database is essential. NOTE If your installation is a consortium, you will have to ensure a proper backup of multiple SQL databases (one per member). The Destiny SQL transaction log. The Master SQL database. This system database is useful when restoring to a replacement server. It is not necessary to back up the tempdb database. This is a SQL Server work area and is recreated automatically. -
Infosphere MDM Collaboration Server: Installation Guide
IBM InfoSphere Master Data Management Collaboration Server Version 11.6 Fix Pack 15 Installation Guide IBM Note Before using this information and the product that it supports, read the information in “Notices” on page 159. Edition Notice This edition applies to version 11.6 of IBM® InfoSphere® Master Data Management and to all subsequent releases and modifications until otherwise indicated in new editions. © Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 2000, 2020. US Government Users Restricted Rights – Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Contents Chapter 1. Planning to install.................................................................................1 Installation scenarios.................................................................................................................................. 1 Installation and configuration worksheets................................................................................................. 3 Installation directory worksheet............................................................................................................3 IBM Db2 data source worksheet............................................................................................................4 Oracle data source worksheet............................................................................................................... 5 WebSphere Application Server installation worksheet.........................................................................6 -
Database Management Systems Introduction Transaction ACID
Introduction What is Concurrent Process (CP)? • Multiple users access databases and use computer Database Management systems simultaneously. • Example: Airline reservation system. Systems œ An airline reservation system is used by hundreds of travel agents and reservation clerks concurrently. Transaction, Concurrency and Why Concurrent Process? Recovery • Better transaction throughput and response time • Better utilization of resource Adapted from Lecture notes by Goldberg @ Berkeley Transaction ACID Properties of transaction • What is Transaction? • Atomicity: Transaction is either performed in its entirety or not performed at all, this should be DBMS‘ • A sequence of many actions which are responsibility considered to be one atomic unit of work. • Consistency: Transaction must take the database • Basic operations a transaction can include from one consistent state to another if it is executed in —actions“: isolation. It is user‘s responsibility to insure consistency œ Reads, writes • Isolation: Transaction should appear as though it is œ Special actions: commit, abort being executed in isolation from other transactions • Durability: Changes applied to the database by a committed transaction must persist, even if the system fail before all changes reflected on disk Concurrent Transactions Schedules • What is Schedules œ A schedule S of n transactions T1,T2,…Tn is an ordering of the B B operations of the transactions subject to the constraint that, for each transaction Ti that participates in S, the operations of Ti in Smust CPU2 A appear in the same order in which they occur in Ti. CPU A 1 œ Example: Sa: r1(A),r2(A),w1(A),w2(A), a1,c2; CPU1 T1 T2 time Read(A) Read(A) t1 t2 t1 t2 Write(A) interleaved processing parallel processing Write(A) Abort T1 Commit T2 1 Oops, something‘s wrong Another example • Reserving a seat for a flight • Problems can occur when concurrent transactions execute in an uncontrolled manner. -
Data Definition Language (Ddl)
DATA DEFINITION LANGUAGE (DDL) CREATE CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORISATION Authentication: process the DBMS uses to verify that only registered users access the database - If using an enterprise RDBMS, you must be authenticated by the RDBMS - To be authenticated, you must log on to the RDBMS using an ID and password created by the database administrator - Every user ID is associated with a database schema Schema: a logical group of database objects that are related to each other - A schema belongs to a single user or application - A single database can hold multiple schemas that belong to different users or applications - Enforce a level of security by allowing each user to only see the tables that belong to them Syntax: CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION {creator}; - Command must be issued by the user who owns the schema o Eg. If you log on as JONES, you can only use CREATE SCHEMA AUTHORIZATION JONES; CREATE TABLE Syntax: CREATE TABLE table_name ( column1 data type [constraint], column2 data type [constraint], PRIMARY KEY(column1, column2), FOREIGN KEY(column2) REFERENCES table_name2; ); CREATE TABLE AS You can create a new table based on selected columns and rows of an existing table. The new table will copy the attribute names, data characteristics and rows of the original table. Example of creating a new table from components of another table: CREATE TABLE project AS SELECT emp_proj_code AS proj_code emp_proj_name AS proj_name emp_proj_desc AS proj_description emp_proj_date AS proj_start_date emp_proj_man AS proj_manager FROM employee; 3 CONSTRAINTS There are 2 types of constraints: - Column constraint – created with the column definition o Applies to a single column o Syntactically clearer and more meaningful o Can be expressed as a table constraint - Table constraint – created when you use the CONTRAINT keyword o Can apply to multiple columns in a table o Can be given a meaningful name and therefore modified by referencing its name o Cannot be expressed as a column constraint NOT NULL This constraint can only be a column constraint and cannot be named. -
Transaction Processing System
Transaction processing system From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Transaction processing systems) It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Transaction processing. (Discuss) Proposed since November 2012. Transaction processing is a style of computing that divides work into individual, indivisible operations, called transactions.[1] Atransaction processing system (TPS) or transaction server is a software system, or software/hardware combination, that supports transaction processing. Contents [hide] 1 History 2 List of transaction processing systems 3 Processing types o 3.1 Batch processing o 3.2 Real-time processing o 3.3 Time-sharing o 3.4 Transaction processing 4 Transaction processing system features o 4.1 Performance o 4.2 Continuous availability o 4.3 Data integrity o 4.4 Ease of use o 4.5 Modular growth 5 Databases and files o 5.1 Data warehouse o 5.2 Backup procedures . 5.2.1 Recovery process . 5.2.2 Types of back-up procedures . 5.2.2.1 Grandfather- father-son . 5.2.2.2 Partial backups . 5.2.3 Updating in a batch . 5.2.4 Updating in real-time 6 See also 7 References 8 Further reading [edit]History One of the first transaction processing systems was American Airline SABRE system, which became operational in 1960. Designed to process up to 83,000 transactions a day, the system ran on two IBM 7090 computers. SABRE was migrated to IBM System/360computers in 1972, and became an IBM product first as Airline control Program (ACP) and later as Transaction Processing Facility (TPF). In addition to airlines TPF is used by large banks, credit card companies, and hotel chains. -
System Administration Guide: Volume 1
System Administration Guide: Volume 1 SAP® Adaptive Server® Enterprise 16.0 DOCUMENT ID: DC31654-01-1600-01 LAST REVISED: May 2014 Copyright © 2014 by SAP AG or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose without the express permission of SAP AG. The information contained herein may be changed without prior notice. Some software products marketed by SAP AG and its distributors contain proprietary software components of other software vendors. National product specifications may vary. These materials are provided by SAP AG and its affiliated companies ("SAP Group") for informational purposes only, without representation or warranty of any kind, and SAP Group shall not be liable for errors or omissions with respect to the materials. The only warranties for SAP Group products and services are those that are set forth in the express warranty statements accompanying such products and services, if any. Nothing herein should be construed as constituting an additional warranty. SAP and other SAP products and services mentioned herein as well as their respective logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of SAP AG in Germany and other countries. Please see http://www.sap.com/corporate-en/legal/copyright/ index.epx#trademark for additional trademark information and notices. Contents CHAPTER 1: Overview of System Administration .......1 Roles Required for System Administration Tasks ..............1 Database Owner .............................................................3 -
Transactions – Recovery ACID Properties and Recovery
Transactions – Recovery CS 317/387 1 ACID Properties and Recovery The Recovery Manager is responsible for ensuring Atomicity and Durability . Atomicity is guaranteed by undoing the actions of the transactions that did not commit (aborted). Durability is guaranteed by making sure that all actions of committed transactions survive crashes and failures. 2 1 Types of Failures System crashes due to hardware or software errors main memory content is lost Transaction failures overflow, interrupt, data not available, explicit rollback, concurrency enforcement, programming errors no memory loss. Media failures problems with disk head, unreadable media surface (parts of ) information on secondary storage may be lost Natural disasters fire, flood, earthquakes, theft, etc. physical loss of all information on all media 3 Strategy If a transaction Ti is aborted (e.g., for concurrency control reasons), all its actions have to be undone . Active transactions at the time of the crash have to be aborted, i.e., their effects have to be undone when the system comes back. DBMS has to maintain enough information to undo actions of transactions (the LOG File) 4 2 Desired Behavior after system restarts: T1, T2 & T3should be durable.– T4 & T5 should be rolled back, i.e., effects undone. 5 Log Sequence of records (sequential file) Modified by appending (no updating) Contains information from which database can be restored Log and database stored on different mass storage devices Often replicated to survive single media failure Contains