An Analysis of Idiomatic Expression Found in Adele's

AN ANALYSIS OF IDIOMATIC EXPRESSION FOUND IN ADELE’S LYRICS SONG

Anastasia Ema Gunawan 1), Eripuddin 2)

[email protected], [email protected] English, University of Pasir Pengaraian

ABSTRACT

The purpose of the research was to find out the idiomatic expression and to find out the contextual meaning of idiom expression which are used in Adele’s lyrics song. The technique of analyzing the data the researcher used descriptive qualitative. Qualitative research referred to the meaning, concepts, definitions, symbols and description of the things. There are 56 idiomatic expression found in 3 types of idiom those are Phrasal verb idiom, Tournure idiom and Irreversible Binomial idiom. Whereas another idiom could not be found by the researcher during the analysis. This research found the menaing of idiom expression moast as a contextual meaning. The researcher hopes that’s this thesis will be useful for both theoretical and practical source in learning how to translate English Idiom and also for those who conduct further study about analysis of idiomatic expression.

Keywords : Idiom Expression, Types Idiom, Adele’s Lyrics Song

INTRODUCTION language. It has very crucial role Language, today, has become a inside community. That is why people social commodity inside communities. the learning language as one of Language is just as important in their abilities to survive. Without building human connections either language, we cannot express the ideas, written or orally. It roles as intimate oponions, thought and feeling simply part of social identity and also forms and need more time to explain by the basic of how users identity with medium non language. It has a very each other. Without language, we crucial role inside community. That is cannot express the ideas, opinions, why people then learning language as thought and feeling simply and need one of their abilites to survive. Without more time to explain by medium non language, people will have a much

84| Journal of English Education Vol. 5 No. 2 December 2019 P-ISSN: 2459-9719, E-ISSN 2597-7091 An Analysis of Idiomatic Expression Found … more boundaries to communicate each This research proposal guided other. though following major questions: There are thousands languages 1. What types of idiom are found spread around the world wether just few in of them that is used worldwide. Adele’s song lyrics ? According to figures from UNESCO, 2. What meaning of idioms are the world’s \most widely spoken found in language are: Mandarin Chinese, Adele’s song lyrics ? English, Spanish, Hindi, Arabic, Bengali, Russian, Portuguese, Japanese, REVIEW OF THE RELATED German and French. THEORIES But, english considerably is used by most of people in the world as means of The researcher has seen many communication. Lately, cause of the phrasal verbs are idiomatic, in their effect of globalizations, the meaning are not easily unpacked from information moves and changes very their components parts. Ammer in fast and now. Suliman (1997, p.iii) noted that Moreover, as a global language “An idiom is a set phrase of two people use English in order to make or more words that means something relationship among people in different different from the literal meaning of the countries around the world. And individual words. For instance, the without a doubt or overestimating, phrase to change one’s tune has english is a “Key of Communication”. nothing to do with music but means to Based on the background above the alter one’s attitude.’ Similarly to hit the researcher is interested in studying nail on the head often has nothing to do idiomatic expression because quite a with carpentry but means simply to be listener do not know about idiomatic absolutely right”. expression itself and there are more new More typically, idiom are formed idiomatic expression that couldbe from collocation, and vary from being analyzed in Adele’s lyric song. Adele both very fixed and very idiomatic is one of the pupular singers (smell a rat; the coast is clear) to nowadays that is inspiring the being both less fixed and less idiomatic researcher to conduct this research. It is (explode a myth/theory; run a the reason why reasearcher chooses business/theatre). Idioms present research tittle “An Analysis of problems in both understanding and in Idiomatic Expression Found in production. They are difficult to Adele’s lyrics understand because they are not easily song”. in packed, and they are difficult to According to the setting of the produce because they are not easily problem above, the researcher limit her unpacked, and they sound more comical research in analysis of the idiomatic then an even slightly muddled idiom expression on the Adele’s lyric song. (e.g. I don’t want t blow my own horn,

Journal of English Education Vol. 5 No. 2 December 2019 | 85 P-ISSN: 2459-9719, E-ISSN 2597-7091 Anastasia Ema Gunawan , Eripuddin , Andri Donal instead of I don’t want to blow my own the word “idiom” which are stated in trumpet). Moreover, many idioms have the books and a very narrow register range, being used Internet. Idiom is combination of only in a certain context and for certain words that seems perfectly natural to effects. the native speakers or a language All languages in the world have but seems old or unfamiliar to other phrases that cannot be understood people. Cyssco in suryanata (2000:i), literally. These phrases actually can be idiom is an expression, consist of the way of expressing what they feel words, but the meaning cannot be that may be cannot be defined in their defined from the words that perform it. own words and sometimes need more It means idiom must be seen from than word to explain with. all aspect or context. The term idiom has been Idiom can also be defined as an around since the antiquity and used expression whose meanings cannot be in many situations and in a variety inferred from the meanings of the of senses with more some frequently words those make it up. Lado (2006) in and consistently used that other. It can Suryanata (2012:9) says that idiom is be found in any literatures around the words constructions which construct a world, some of them are in text phrase it cannot be translated literally/ provided in magazines, educational furthermore Dixon (2004:1) explains books, story books, newspaper, even in that an idiom an expression that has a advertisement. Beside, idiom also can meaning that different from the be found in spoken things such as individual meaning of each composed. movies dialogue or song lyrics. Let us As an example is word fall means suppose that we had no idea at all about come or go down freely and behind what the word “idiom” meant and we means at or towards the back of thing started use dictionary as starting point. or person. But fall behind means fail to If we looked for the word idiom” up in keep level with somebody or something. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, While Rachmadie (1986:15) explain we would find the following definition that idiom is an expression which “A group of words in a fixed order cannot be understood from literal that have a particular meaning that is meanings of the words of which it is different from the meanings of each composed. Idiom sometimes ignores the word on its own.” law of grammar or the law of logic. People use idioms in expressing Considered literally, word of word, their idea because there are no idiom often do not make good sense, alternatives with the same meaning, so but the meaning of the phrase as a the use of the items concerned is whole is perfectly clear. unavoidable if the meanings concerned Idiom is a phrase or expressions with a can be expressed at all. There are many meaning different from the meaning of theories related to individual words. While more states idiom is a communication of words that

86| Journal of English Education Vol. 5 No. 2 December 2019 P-ISSN: 2459-9719, E-ISSN 2597-7091 An Analysis of Idiomatic Expression Found … has a meaning that is different from information about something that only meaning in another situation. It is a known by few people. The writer used phrase which does not always follow descriptive research design because it the normal rules of meaning and gives description of idiom in the grammar. Adele’s lyrics song and then finds the meaning each of them. Ali RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (1985:124) states that descriptive research is applied to solve the current There are many kind of research problem by starting the problem, design in conducting a research. collecting and analyzing the data to Qualitative research means for answer the problem and arrange exploring and understanding the conclusion of the research. meaning individual or groups ascribe to Problem in descriptive research a social or human problem. This are related with real condition or fact. research does not find the statistic or From the statement above, it is clear another counting form such as that descriptive research is applied to biography, history and attitude of solve the current problem and arrange human being. Beside it is also about conclusion of the research. Surakhmad role organization, social movement, and (2004:47) states that a descriptive interrelationship. method talks about some possibilities to This research used descriptive- solving the actual problem by collecting qualitative study. The qualitative data, arranging or classifying data, research referred to the meaning, analyzing and interpreting them. The concepts, definitions, characteristics, researcher used descriptive qualitative metaphors, symbols and description of study design which used throughout things (Berg 1989 in Mariani 2003:45). data analysis in a number of different Arikunto (2010:10) argues that research ways. is a scientific activity in order to From the definition above, develop and enrich the knowledge. research that will be used by Research in an effort for understanding researcher is content descriptive and solving the problem scientifically, research design. This study will systematically, and logically (Ali, disclose the idiom used in Adele’s 1985:5), so is needs research design. It lyrics song. Library research will be is a plan of collecting and analyzing chosen as research approach. Library data economically and harmonically research is used to obtain and collect related to objective of research data from written material that (Nasution, 2006). needed by the writer that has been Qualitative method is able to be publisher. used to reveal and comprehend Technique of collecting the data something behind phenomena which does not be known anymore. In collecting data, the This also can be used to gather the writer used documentation study.

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Documentation is a wide range of determine whether it consists of one or written material can produce qualitative two suspected idiomatic expressions, so information. According to Suharsimi the bracketing technique will be useful Arikunto (2013) this technique is also to separate one another. Therefore, the able to collect data such as notes, suspected data will be clearly identified transcripts, newspaper, magazine, if it is used bracketing technique to ancient inscription meeting notes, etc. to separate them from other words You do this, the researcher will do are as were (Falling down) follows: Technique of Analyzing the Data 1. Transcribing After collecting the data, the Transcribing was the first step in researcher analyzed the data by using collecting data. To analyze the lyric, the descriptive-qualitative study. The writer should transcript the song into qualitative research referred to the lyrics. But in order to make the lyrics meanings, concepts, definitions, precise as what the song writer characteristics, metaphors, symbols intended, the writer looked for the lyric and description of things (Berg, from the official website of Adele 1989 in Suryanata (2011:25)). which can be accessed on Descriptive- qualitative research based www.adele.com. on Palmer theories (1976:99). 2. Reading It means to know the analysis of After transcribing, the writer then idiom in the Adele lyrics song. The read the lyrics. It was intended to result of data was to describe the types understand the whole content especially and interpretation of idioms in Adele idioms. lyrics song. In order to provide a description and solve the problem and 3. Identifying analyze the data, the research While reading the text, the researcher presented in form of tables of the types also identified the idioms. The steps of idiom. were: In order to provide a description and a. Underlining solve the problem and analyze the data This was the first step in researcher presented in form of tables identifying the data. The suspected of the types of idiom. The data will be idioms found in the lyric were analyzed based on the following steps: underlined. For example: 1. Identifying idioms the You were falling down Adele lyrics song. The researcher

identifies idiom based on Reza Pahlevi,

M.A Kamus Lengkap Idiom. The b. Bracketing researcher read the song lyric line by If a group on underlined words go line and verse by verse carefully to find beyond in one line, it will be difficult to out phrases or clauses which are idioms.

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3. Describing FINDING AND DISCUSSION The interpretation of idioms found the Adele lyrics song. In this In data description, there were 11 step, the researcher describes the songs of Adele’s album. The data was meaning of idiom by using dictionaries. analyzed to find out the types of idiomatic expression and the meaning 3. Tabulating the idiom analysis of idiom. The idiom expression could In this step, the researcher put the be seen in following the table. They idioms found and the interpretation of were: idioms in the table, so the reader gets easier in understanding them.

Table 1.1 Data of idiom expression found on Adele’s song No Types of Idiom Song Title Idiom Meaning Inspect, consider, or To go Over check the detail of something To cause two people, Hello Tear You apart presumable lovers, to separate unwillingly To have used up most of Run out of time the allotted time, to have no 1 time left To descend or drop freely Fall into your gravity or effortlessly into

something m

o Bring the floor up to my To be ready in dancing

d I

knees position b

r Miss You To be reduced in price,

l Don’t let the light go value, amount, quality,

a s

a down level or size.

When the light go out The light was turned off

Phr Standing over me Standing close to someone

and do nothing but watching someone else is doing something Put your hands on To hold someone

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I’m giving you up To stop chasing someone To release Someone or Send My Set me free something from someone Love (to or something Your New To maintain something in Lover) You could keep up good order Takes me back To remind one on the past Keep holding on To continues with something Let me photograph you When We’re in To save memories Young this light TO discover the exit door Find the way out from any situation To disappoint someone If you are gonna let me because of and act or down behavior Remedy To stay where one is delaying action until What are you waiting particular time or until for something else happens To start new activity and Move on forgetting the past To be more mature or Water Under I grew up spend The Bridge out one’s childhood and adolescence To disappears because of Growing out normal Growth To accuse one or thing to Blame it on responsible for something bad To cease looking at Take your eyes off of someone me or something River Lea To continue doing Carry on something To break up, come apart Fall apart or disintegrate To walk with no

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Walk around particular goal To misunderstand Don’t get me wrong someone, especially by falsely Love You in imputing malice the Dark To search or to seek To search or to seek something something To destroy completely by Tears down my wall knocking down or breaking to pieces Million To go Over Inspect, consider, or check

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To have plenty of time to

When we’re younger have fun before they

s Hello and realize that they are

e o

l free growing old

ib idi

l I want your heavens and To have a good side and

n v

3. i Miss You your oceans the

e r

r bad side of the lover

I inom

B To see doing nothing as a Million Watch and cry result of and action while

Years Ago regretting that

1. Analysis categorized in phrasal verb idiom. This phrase would be found in the song In analysis the songs, the named “Hello”. This phrase consisted researcher used theory of Adam of with the formula “verbs + Makkai to get the types of idiom and preposition”. The verbs was the word the meaning of idiom. There were six “go”. While the preposition was the types of idiom expression; Phrasal verb, word “over”. Tournure idiom, Irreversible binominal The meaning of to go over are idiom, Phrasal compound idiom, inspect, consider, or check the detail of incorporating verbs idiom, and the last something. While this song tells about is Pseudo idiom. The result of analyzing woman who longing for home, the the types and meaning of 11 songs of people she has hurt and the people she Adele’s Album, it could be seen in the has left behind. There is conceptual following the table 1.1. meaning. The idiom used in Adele’s song lyrics after the writer analyzed it was b. Fall into only three types of idioms. There are The researcher found second phrasal verb idioms, Tournure idiom, phrase “fall into”. This phrase was and Irreversible Binomial idiom. categorized in phrasal verb idiom. This Whereas Compound Idiom, phrase would be found in the song Incorporating Verb Idiom, Pseudo named “Miss You”. This phrase Idiom Could not be found by the consisted of with the formula “verbs + writer during the analysis. Those are the preposition”. The verbs was the word types of idiom which were used in “fall”. While the preposition was the Adele’s song lyric. The explanation as word “into”. The meaning of fall into follows: are to descend or drop freely or 1.1 Phrasal Verb Idiom effortlessly into something. While this a. To go over song tells about someone who is missing someone who has gone or The researcher found first gone forever, this is about sorrow. phrase “to go over”. This phrase was

Journal of English Education Vol. 5 No. 2 December 2019 | 93 P-ISSN: 2459-9719, E-ISSN 2597-7091 Anastasia Ema Gunawan , Eripuddin , Andri Donal c. Put on consisted of with the formula “verbs + adverb”. The verbs was the word The researcher found third “find”. While the adverb was the word phrase “put on”. This phrase was “out”. categorized in phrasal verb idiom. This The meaning of find out is to discover phrase would be found in the song the named “Send My Love”. This phrase exit door from any situation. While this consisted of with the formula “verbs + song tells about a woman who can adverb”. The verbs was the word recover from her pain in the presence “put”. While the adverb was the of someone she loves. But she did not word “on”. want the person she loved to feel the The meaning of put on itself is to pain she had once felt. hold someone. While this song tells about someone who has been left for f. Let me down someone else’s sake. This song tells The researcher found next phrase about pain or sorrow. “let me down”. This phrase was d. Takes back categorized in phrasal verb idiom. This phrase would be found in the song The researcher found next named “Water Under the Bridge”. This phrase “takes back”. This phrase was phrase consisted of with the formula categorized in phrasal verb idiom. This “verbs + adverb”. The verbs was the phrase would be found in the song word “let me”. While the adverb was named “When We’re Young”. the word “down”. This phrase consisted of with the This idiom mean to disappoint formula “verbs + adverb”. The verbs someone because of and act or behavior. was the word “takes”. While the adverb While this song tells was the word “back”. about a man and woman who are in The meaning of takes back is to relationship without status. They are remind one on the past. While this like friends, but they are not friends. song tells about a woman who met This is contextual meaning. her first love or her best friend, and they recall the times when they were g. Moved on together because they both like each The researcher found next phrase other. This song tells about love and “moved on”. This phrase was wishes. categorized in phrasal verb idiom. This e. Find out phrase would be found in the song named “River Lea”. This phrase The researcher found next consisted of with the formula “verbs + phrase “find out”. This phrase was adverb”. The verbs was the word categorized in phrasal verb idiom. This “moved”. While the adverb was the phrase would be found in the song word “on”. named “Remedy”. This phrase

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That idiom has mean to start new who once made her happy, and when activity and forgetting the past. While she searched back for her old happiness, this song tells about a woman who she found nothing. Only then will she always lies to each partner. Every time regret it and she hope that all the former she is in touch, she always hurts her ones will come back again. This song partner’s feelings with her own lies. tells about pain and sorrow with This song tells about her sorrow. contextual meaning. h. Take off j. Don’t get me wrong

The researcher found next The researcher found next phrase “take off”. This phrase was phrase “don’t get me wrong”. This categorized in phrasal verb idiom. This phrase was categorized in phrasal verb phrase would be found in the song idiom. This phrase would be found in named “Love You in the Dark”. This the song named “All I Ask”. This phrase consisted of with the formula phrase consisted of with the formula “verbs + adverb”. The verbs was the “verbs + preposition”. With meaning word “take”. While the adverb was the to misunderstand someone, especially word “off”. by falsely imputing malice. While this This idiom has mean to cease song tells about a woman who has to looking at someone or something. part with someone she loves because of While this song tells about a woman a very big problem. This is contextual who is in relationship where they meaning. always fight without stopping. The k. Looked for woman wants to part with her partner but she is afraid to hurt her partner’s The researcher found next phrase feelings. And later if they managed “looked for”. This phrase was to separate, they both had to be ready to categorized in phrasal verb idiom. This separate. This tells about sorrow. phrase would be found in the song named “Sweetest Devotion”. This i. Walk around all of the street phrase consisted of with the formula The researcher found next “verbs + adverb”. The verbs was the phrase “walk around all of the street”. word “looked”. While the adverb was This phrase was categorized in phrasal the word “for”. verb idiom. This phrase would be This idiom has meaning to find found in the song named “Million something else or wishes checking Years Ago”. This phrase consisted of something. While this song tells about a with the formula “verbs + preposition”. couple who expect their relationship to The verbs was the word “walk ”. While be lasting. This song tells about pain the preposition was the word “around”. and sorrow. This idiom has meaning to walk with l. Run out no particular goal. While this song tells about a woman who once left someone

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The researcher found 2 idioms in Hold on has meaning to continues with the song named “Hello”. Run Out Of something. Time, Fall Into Tear You Apart are phrasal verb idioms. But those found p. Keep from idioms can be classified into 2 groups idiom that contains prepositions and In this song named idiom that contains adverbs. Run out “Remedy” the researcher found 2 of Time are phrasal verbs that formed idioms, Find Out and Keep from, that with the formula “verbs + preposition” following this pattern “verb + adverb”. with meaning to have used up most of The verb was the word “keep”, and the the allotted time, to have no time left. adverb was the word “from”. while Tear You Apart are phrasal verbs q. Wait for that formed with the formula “verb + adverb”. In “Water Under the Bridge” ng, revealed that there are three idioms. m. Bring up Those are: Let me down, hide from and In this the song title “Miss wait for, formed with pattern “verb + You” the researcher found 5 idioms. adverb”. While wait for has They are as follows Fall into, Bring up, meaning to stay where one is delaying Stand over that has forms “verb + action until particular time or until preposition”. While the words Go out something else happens. and Go down has form “verb + adverb”. r. Grow up The verb was the word “go”, and the adverb was the word “out”. “River Lea” song, has only five idioms. Those are: moved on, let you in, n. Give up grow up, grow out and blame it on. In this the song “Send My Love “verb + adverb” used on moved on, let (to Your New Lover) the researcher you in, grow out and blame it on. While found 5 idioms are as follows Put on, grow up use the form “verb + Give up, Set free, Keep up, Fall down. preposition”. With meaning to be more Those all 5 idioms were analyzed by mature or spend out one’s childhood the researcher as phrasal verb idioms and adolescence. There are no kinds that have form “verb + adverb”. The of idioms found left in this song. verb was the word “give”, and the s. Carry on adverb was the word “up”. In this the song “Love You in o. Hold on the Dark”, the researcher found five In this song named “When We’re idioms. Those are take off, carry on and Young” the researcher found 2 idioms, fall apart with form “verb + adverb”. that is Takes back and Hold on, The verb was the word “carry”, and the because it has form “verb + adverb”. adverb was the word “on”.

96| Journal of English Education Vol. 5 No. 2 December 2019 P-ISSN: 2459-9719, E-ISSN 2597-7091 An Analysis of Idiomatic Expression Found … t. Grow up would like to give some suggestion. The suggestion is explained as follows: “Million Years Ago” song, the researcher found two idioms, those are walk around all of the street which contain “verb + preposition” and grow 1. To the reader up contains “verb + adverb”. The a. The reader should find another kind verb was the word “grow”, and the of idiom from other books as a adverb was the word “up”. comparison of the idiom that defined by Makkai. u. Tear down b. They can get the idioms used

The last song is “Sweetest song lyrics at Adele’s song. The Devition”, in this song the researcher main point of this study is the idiom found three idioms. Those are: looked can be used to improve the readers for, tear down and go under, which knowledge about idiom. formed by form “verb + adverb”. The c. They can memorize and apply verb was the word “go”, and the adverb the idiom to increase their was the word “under”. vocabulary especially in English and learn how idioms used in CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION English subject. d. Understanding the context is the In this chapter, the writer would easy way to know the meaning of like to give conclusion related to what idiom, so the readers have to has been explained and discussed in know the whole context before previous chapter. After the writer decide the meaning of idiom. They analyzed Adele’s songs lyrics in which also have to choose the contains eleven songs, the writer appropriate meaning based on the concludes that: context because one idiom might

1. The idioms found in the whole have more than one meaning. songs in the Adele’s songs are 56 idioms. It contains 35 phrasal verbs, 2. To the other researchers 17 tournure idiom and 4 irreversible binomial idiom. The researcher may suggest the 2. The idiomatic expression found in next researcher to conduct further study Adele’s song lyrics mostly are that can enhance this research because representing misery, pain and this research actually can be broaden sorrow. Some others are and extended to each other subject and representing love, and wishes. also in different setting.

After analyzing the data and ACKNOWLEDGEMENT writing the conclusion, the researcher I would like to say thank you to my advisors’ Eripuddin S.Hum,M.Pd,

Journal of English Education Vol. 5 No. 2 December 2019 | 97 P-ISSN: 2459-9719, E-ISSN 2597-7091 Anastasia Ema Gunawan , Eripuddin , Andri Donal and Andri Donal M.Pd, thank you State Islamic University Syarif very much for the time, suggestion, Hidayatullah. Unpublish thesis guidance, motivation, support, spirit Harisna.(2015). An Analysis of English and helps to finish this final Phrased Used In Lyrics of assignment. Thank you to gave a Bruno Mars’ Songs.The State knowledge from what her do not Islamic Institute of Palangkaraya know and now her know. The Faculty Of Tarbiyah And Teachers Training. The REFERENCES Departement of language

Amberg, Julie S. andDeborahJ. Education The Study Program of Vause,“American English: English Education. Thesis History, Structure, and Lado, M.j.(2006). Ungkapan Kata Usage“, Kerja dan Idiom. https://assets.cambridge.org/9780 Jakarta:Erlangga 52 Phytian, B.A.(2012). Correct English: 18/52579/excerpt/9780521852579 Pedoman Belajar Bahasa _ excerpt.pd f, Accessed in Inggris.Terj. Febrianti Ika Dewi, (Jakarta: PT Indeks, 2012), p.9 January, 28th 2019 Suliman, Richard A.(2005). Dictionary Avivah, Siti Ainul.(2016). The of American Idioms. United State Idiomatic Forms In Christina of America:McGraw-Hill Perry’s Song. The State Islamic Companies Institute of Palangkaraya The Faculty Of Tarbiyah And Suryanata, Aditia Wahyu.(2011).An Teachers Training. The Analysis Of Idioms In Song Departement of language Lyric:A Case Of Album “The Education The Study Program of Poison” In “Bullet For My English Education. Thesis Valentine” Resource For Teaching Vocabulary.IKIP BBC Team, “Languages of the World - PGRI of Semarang. Unpublish Interesting Facts about thesis. Languages”, http://www.bbc.co.uk/languages/g Tomlinson,Brian.(2011). Material u ide/languages.shtml, accessed in Development in Language Teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge January, 30th 2019 University Press. Dixon, Robert j.(2004) Essential Idioms Zarei,AbbasAliandNahidRahimi,“Idiom in English. USA: Regents sEtym Publishing Conpany.Inc ology,ContextualPragmaticClues, Fatimawati, Nanik.(2011). A and LexicalKnowledge In Focus”, Comparison Analysis Of (Germany: LAP LAMBERT American And British Idioms. Academic Publishing),

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