Volume 15 No. 4 Fall 2009

Marden Creek Miracle: Speed Valley Chapter revitalizes a neglected spawning stream

Article and photos by Derek Parks he Speed Valley Chapter of Trout ters of the system, with the intention of downstream. The landowner identified Unlimited Canada has been actively the restoration plan to bring them back where the creek channel once flowed, T participating in habitat restorations along the entire stream length an into as the creek was diverted into the pond along Marden Creek, north of , the Speed River. to provide water for washing aggregates. Ontario for the past five years. With To date, there have been tree plant- The original channel was in great shape our various partners, Wellington County ings along open section of the creek, for not having any stream flows in it for Stewardship Council, Ontario Ministry of construction of sweepers and overhead more than 40 years. Natural Resources, Conser- cover within historically straightened In November 2008, a contractor vation Authority, and Trout Unlimited’s sections of the stream to create pools cleaned out the old channel that had Coldwater Conservation Fund, a variety and riffles, channel realignment and filled with grass, and the chapter volun- of restoration and habitat improvements bank stabilization through manipulat- teers created various woody structures have been made. This program would ing stream flows, creating of brook trout (overhanging, sweepers, log jams), fas- not have been possible without the sup- spawning habitat, through upwelling cines, shrubs and tree planting to create port of the many landowners along the constructions. good physical habitat for trout. creek that allowed everyone involved One of the main objectives of the On June 13, 2009, the chapter un- doing what was best for the creek. Marden Creek program is to remove on- dertook one of its largest projects, the

Marden Creek is a small headwater line ponds, or to take them off-line. With construction of an upwelling within the hard volunteers at Valley Speed on Marden Creek near Guelph, ON. MardennearGuelph, Creek on stream, approximately 12 km in length the support of the landowner, the Mann creek channel (as stream flows were still recreating long-dry a work channel and flows through mostly an agricultural Pond was identified as such a pond. going through the Mann Pond and by- landscape, with the last 1 kilometer be- Known to increase water temperature passing our work area) to create brook ing urbanized, prior to discharging into during late summer from 22° C to 30° trout spawning habitat. A spring that the Speed River. Brook trout (few in C, this pond created a lethal thermal flows 6-8° C all year round was noted number) can be found in the headwa- barrier, eliminating brook trout habitat immediately adjacent to the stream. To

Currents is Trout Unlimited Canada’s national newsletter. We are proud to be published in The Canadian Fly Fisher. It’s not trivial to us! Marden Creek miracle... est your Currents knowledge! Continued from previous page Read Currents to find out the an- T swers to the following questions. be able to use this water for the creation E-mail your answers to Kimberly Da- of spawning habitat, a large French drain vidson ([email protected]). system was installed. Readers submitting correctly an- Basically, a large hole was dug at the swered questions from this issue’s source of the spring, deeper than the questions will be placed into a draw bottom of the creek channel. 25 mm to to win a coveted TUC baseball hat! 74 mm gravel was placed on filter cloth Contest closes December 1, 2009. in the hole, perforated pipe installed, then more gravel added on top. This Currents Contest Questions was then covered with landscape cloth 1. Who is TUC’s most to prevent silt from entering, and the site recent board landscaped back to grade with native member? material. The perforated pipe was then directed 2. What is the larg- to drain into a larger, solid pipe under est source of the stream bank, below the grade of the freshwater pol- creek bed. At the end of this solid pipe, lution in North America? another small pit was excavated to allow 3. What was the primary purpose the placement of 25 mm stone — perfect of the on-line ponds on Marden for brook trout spawning. Creek? To create the diffuse flow required for Willow, brush bundles, rock and sweat all go into 4. Who won the 2009 Grand River spawning, perforated pipe was joined to redefining the stream channel. Author’s photo. Watershed Award? the solid pipe and laid within the pit in a By the time you read this article, the U shape. This ensures that the flow from July 1 date for allowing construction 5. How many storm drains were the French drain is not focused in one within a watercourse will have past and stencilled in the greater Edmon- area. With the gravel in place on top of we hope to reestablish Marden Creek in ton area during May and June the perforated pipe, we could see where the creek channel at the beginning of of 2009? the clean, cold groundwater was enter- July. ■ Congratulations to Milton Conrad ing the creek channel. from St. Catherine’s, winner of our It is highly anticipated that the creation Editors note: The Speed Valley Chapter Summer issue trivia contest. Here are of suitable spawning habitat for brook has been awarded a watershed award the answers to the Currents Summer trout will allow these fish to complete in 2009 by the Grand River Conserva- issue trivia questions: their life cycle within the lower sections tion Authority for their work on Marden • The Green Zone is a hands-on ri- of the Marden Creek. Creek. parian educational program for students in S.W. Saskatchewan that provides information on ri- parian zone protection. • Diversion ridges are wide “speed bumps” angled at 30° across lane ways to channel water into ditch- es to prevent silt from entering streams. • The Edmonton Chapter is the old- est and longest running chapter in Canada. • Bronte Creek suffers from “fever.” Human activity has caused an increase in water temperature, Two views of the completed French drain and resulting in poor water quality spawning channel. Water from a source spring and poor living environment for (above) is diverted to a U-shaped, perforated pipe buried in a pit under the streambed and aquatic creatures. covered with 25 mm gravel. This perforated • The Nile Creek Enhancement So- pipe diffuses the flow in the spawning bed. The project’s success can be seen as cool, 6° ciety won the Canadian Environ- C spring water percolates up through the new ment Gold Award in 2007. ■ spawning bed (right). Author’s photos.

2 | CURRENTS: VOLUME 15, NO. 4 • FALL 2009 TUC’s featured chapter: Speed Valley by Silvia D’Amelio

he Speed Valley Chapter of Trout Electro-fishing survey on Marden Creek (at left). Unlimited Canada was formed in Below, some of the smil- T March 2006 with eight members. ing faces from the Speed Valley Chapter. Since its This chapter’s initial few members in- founding in March 2006, cluded many professionals including at the chapter has swelled least five aquatic biologists. The chapter to 57 members and count- ing, and is more than just has swelled to 57 members and count- a little active on tributar- ing. The chapter immediately adopted ies to the Speed River in Ontario. Silvia D’Amelio the Speed River watershed and decided photos. to devote its efforts on the tributaries of the Speed River. The Speed River was once home to a healthy population of brook trout but a variety of human activities including damming and increased water use dec- imated this population. The chapter’s mission is to work with landowners and other like-minded groups to pre- serve, enhance and conserve coldwater habitats within the Speed River’s water- shed. One of the primary goals is to pro- areas for restoration. In 2009 the chapter • tree planting vide better habitat for coldwater species, adopted Clythe Creek and has commit- • logjam and beaver dam removal like brook trout. To do this the chapter ted to developing and executing a resto- • construction of deflectors focused on improving water quality in- ration plan for the Creek in partnership • instream cover structure installation cluding temperature, flow and chemistry with the Stewardship Council, Ontario • fish surveys in the tributaries. Once the water qual- Ministry of Natural Resources and Grand • water quality and water temperature ity and habitat are improved, brook trout River Conservation Authority. monitoring populations are monitored as a barom- Chapter projects on Marden Creek • impoundment removal eter of success. This chapter’s long term have included: • Spawning bed creation goal is to see brook trout in the City of Continued next page Guelph, where all residents can have the opportunity to see Ontario’s only stream Arunas Pleckaitis Elected to TUC’s National Board of Directors dwelling trout! Currently, the chapter is focused on rout Un- conservation, preservation and restora- active restoration on Marden Creek. In l i m i t e d tion of Canada’s cold water resources. 2005, the Wellington County Steward- T C a n ad a In his role at Enbridge Gas Distribu- ship Council identified a small remnant is pleased tion, Arunas is responsible for business population of brook trout in the head- to announce development, strategic planning, mar- waters of Marden Creek. The chapter that Mr. Aru- keting and sales, energy efficiency and joined the Council to remove dams nas Pleckaitis customer care. He is also responsible for and ponds, narrow the stream chan- has been all aspects of the Company’s customer nel, install fish habitat and monitor the elected to the strategy, including the development of water quality and fish population. This TUC Board of its new Customer Information System. population has expanded its range with Directors for During his career at Enbridge Arunas restoration efforts and it is hoped that a two-year has been actively involved in many en- these fish will soon have access to the term. Arunas vironmental and sustainable develop- Speed River. The Speed Valley Chapter is currently ment initiatives. He led the development has been working in partnership with the Vice President, Business Develop- of the Company’s energy conversation Gencor, Don Blyth, the Mann family ment & Customer Strategy at Enbridge programs for customers and was Chair and most significantly, the Wellington Gas Distribution. of the Canadian Energy Efficiency Alli- County Stewardship Council. Arunas has been a TUC supporter ance. The chapter also initiated a tempera- in the past. Last November, TUC was When he is not involved with his du- ture monitoring program on Clythe pleased to have Arunas chair the suc- ties at Enbridge Gas Distribution, Mr. Creek, a tributary to the Eromosa River cessful 2008 TUC Toronto dinner/auc- Pleckaitis is a long-time fisherman and in Guelph. This monitoring identified key tion. Over $214,000 was raised for the lover of the outdoors. ■

TROUT UNLIMITED CANADA’S NATIONAL NEWSLETTER | 3 Speed Valley Chapter TUC Member Profile: Bill & Lorna Peters Continued from previous page What chapter do you belong to? Bow River Chapter in Calgary. How long have you been a member of TUC? We’ve been volunteering for TUC as long as we’ve been members, approxi- mately 8 years. What inspired you to become a member? Lorna and Bill Peters. TUC photo. Bill has always been an avid fish- erman so it was natural to become involved in an organization that has volved because we believe very deeply Another day, another logjam! The Speed Valley Chapter is hard at work living up to its mission water quality in mind. Lorna has al- in what TU does and how it will ben- to preserve, enhance and conserve coldwater ways been keen on volunteering for efit our grand kids and their grand kids habitats within the Speed River watershed. Sil- organizations that look at the big pic- and so on. via D’Amelio photo. ture; cold, clean water for current and future generations. Together we make What projects is your chapter Clythe Creek projects included fish a great team! surveys, and water quality and tempera- currently working on? ture monitoring. The chapter has also What appeals to you the most in Bovine and Bow fencing projects undertaken water temperature monitor- aimed at educating and working with ing on Pushlinch and Hanlon creeks, regards to the work that TU does? local ranchers to manage cattle grazing and conducts a yearly river cleanup on TU Canada consists of many chap- practices and maintaining the banks of the Speed River. ters across Canada. Each chapter the Bow River and ultimately keep our The chapter’s activities in the water- plays a significant role in the make drinking water safe. shed draw residents from local com- up of Trout Unlimited Canada. TUC We have also volunteered annu- munities as well as many students from is always making sure that the water ally to assist with TUC’s Fish Rescue the . The chapter quality is their greatest concern. Clean Program. Other activities include tree is planning to continue its work on water for the fish means clean water wrapping to reduce beaver grazing, Marden Creek. This will include work- for everyone not only in Canada, but and assisting with TUC fund-raising ing as a partner in the removal of the everywhere our water flows. Most of dinners, including set up and collect- final impoundment between brook trout all, both Lorna and I have been so in- ing auction items. ■ and the Speed River, additional instream structure and tree planting, community education as well as monitoring and sur- Trout Unlimited Calgary Staff Support Tim Horton’s Camp Day veys to assess the impact all this work TUC Staff has had on the water quality and brook trout in this tributary. In addition, the UC Calgary staff first restoration projects for Clythe Creek volunteered at Tim are being planned, including habitat T Horton’s Camp day restoration, development of corporate rd on June 3 in Calgary. partnerships, storm water mitigation, Tim Horton’s provides impoundment removal, monitoring, sur- coffee and hot choco- veys and community education. late for several TUC This volunteer group has contribut- field events and work- ed a great deal of time, effort and ex- ing at the Camp Day is pertise on a number of projects in the an opportunity to re- Speed River Watershed. Many more are pay their support. Cof- planned for the future. Their ambitious fee and game proceeds plans include adoption of additional from the day ben- tributaries every two to three years. It is efitted Tim Horton’s this work that won them the 2009 Grand Children’s Foundation. River Watershed Award which honors TUC’s Erin McMahon “outstanding examples of conservation (left) and Lesley Peterson also got a close up of the Grey Cup trophy. ■ and environmental work.” ■

4 | CURRENTS: VOLUME 15, NO. 4 • FALL 2009 Nile Creek Project receives RBC Blue Water Leadership Grant TUC Staff

rout Unlimited Canada is the proud recipient of an T RBC Blue Water Project Leadership Grant for $75,000 in support of the Nile Creek- Qualicum Bay Enhancement project. RBC’s Blue Water Proj- ect is a 10-year, $50 million grant program to support proj- ects dedicated to water conser- vation, watershed protection, access to clean drinking water, and other fresh water-related issues in Canada and around the world. This is the largest charitable commitment to a single cause ever in RBC’s his- tory. The Nile Creek-Qualicum Bay Enhancement Program is a comprehensive habitat restoration and enhancement initiative being undertaken by the Nile Creek Enhance- ment Society, Trout Unlimited Canada and Vancouver Island The RBC Blue Water Leadership Grant will help TUC University (VIU) to restore the re-establish and improve sea-run cutthroat trout ac- water resources of the area and cess and habitat in streams like Nile Creek, flowing into Qualicum Bay. Top photo, Jack Imhof. At right, to in turn rebuild anadromous Nile Creek at its mouth. Frank Dalziel photo. cutthroat populations in the Qualicum Bay area located just the east coast of Vancouver north of Nanaimo, BC. Island. Their first project was RBC Blue Water Leadership Grant the construction and op- funds will be used to rebuild sea-run eration of a successful pink cutthroat trout in creeks and streams salmon hatchery that pro- flowing into Qualicum Bay on Vancou- vides an outstanding recre- ver Island by restoring degraded habitat ational fishery in the Nile and re-establishing and improving ac- Creek area during July and cess to restored and productive anadro- August. NCES won the Ca- mous cutthroat trout habitat from the in- nadian Environment Gold ter-tidal area through to the headwaters Award in the Restoration of six streams. Funds will also be used & Rehabilitation category in 2007 for to build and test a model for engaging their work on Nile Creek. Funds provid- the community and a post secondary ed by the RBC Blue Water Project form education institution in the planning and a critical component of the society’s en- delivery of a broader area conservation hancement plans. program. The program will feature five Through its Fisheries and Aquaculture key components: conservation; youth program, VIU provides unique practi- engagement; science development/proj- cal field experience and academic skills ect management; communication; and required for exciting and challenging fund-raising. careers in fish and invertebrate culture, The NCES is a volunteer non-profit fish habitat and stock assessment, fish- society that actively supports the protec- eries enhancement, conservation and tion of fish and the ecosystems in which management and research. VIU has long they live; specifically, the streams and been a supporter and active participant marine waters of Lighthouse Country on in projects such as Nile Creek. ■

TROUT UNLIMITED CANADA’S NATIONAL NEWSLETTER | 5 Yellow Fish Road Report by Roger Kelley

Storm Drain Truths The vast majority of storm drains in who do not understand the storm drain Canada and North America empty di- to river connection get the message and anada is fortunate to have 7% of the rectly into surface water bodies such as take the necessary steps needed to en- world’s freshwater supply, third after a river or stream — a fact that surpris- sure that future generations have the op- C Brazil and Russia — a placing few es many adults. According to the 2009 portunity to brag about Canada’s fresh- Canadians would brag about. Most of our Canadian Water Attitudes Survey com- water resources. ■ freshwater water supply comes from rain missioned by the Royal Bank of Canada or melting snow. If nothing happened (RBC) and Unilever Canada, of more to this precipitation on its way to a river, than 2,000 adults surveyed, 37% be- Yellow Fish Road™ comes to there might not be any concern with our lieved that storm drains connect to a wa- the City of Champions! freshwater supply. Too often Canadians ter treatment plant prior to entering their n April 1, 2009 Barb Rafuse joined tend to take their freshwater resources local rivers or streams. In somewhat of a the Trout Unlimited Canada team for granted. Water we use for drinking, twist the survey respondents also identi- O as the Yellow Fish Road™ Assistant irrigation, manufacturing of which also fied run-off pollution from land to water for the Capital Region in Edmonton. Barb provides critical habitat for fish and other as the biggest threat to Canada’s fresh- holds a B.Ed. and has over eight years of wildlife. water supply. classroom experience teaching at the el- As rain and snow melt runs across Two main keys to securing the future ementary lev- Canada’s yards, sidewalks, streets and of Canada’s freshwater are increas- el. Barb is a parking lots a lot happens to it. During ing the num- recent Capi- this journey water gathers and collects a ber of tal Region variety of pollutants including pet waste, people r e s i d e n t , pesticides, driveway dirt, tire rubber, anti- w h o moving to freeze and lawn fertilizer. All of these k n o w Sherwood pollutants wash into curb side storm t h a t Park from drains found in most urban areas. These s t o r m S l a v e pollutants are called non-point source d r a i n s Lake. pollution or more commonly storm drain c o n n e c t Barb’s pollution. Storm drain pollution is the d i r e c t l y d u t i e s largest source of freshwater pollution in to surface include North America. waters and e d u - convincing c a t i n g everyone to grades do their part 2 to 5 to reduce the students about storm drain Barb Rafuse leads one of Edmonton’s first painting crews. TUC photo. volume of pollution and actively involving students pollutants entering storm drains. Trout within their communities by stencil- Unlimited Canada’s Yellow Fish Road™ ing storm drains and distributing door program reminds people of all ages that hangers to local residences. Through storm drains connect to surface waters. Barb, students learn about the hazards While the program’s primary volunteers facing our rivers and streams from storm are students between nine and 12 years drain pollution and why trout and other of age, non-point source pollution is not fish are critical barometers of our wa- a problem that can be solved by school ter quality. A recently formed partner- children alone. Adults who use fertiliz- ship with Alberta RiverWatch provides ers irresponsibly, sweep driveway dirt Barb the opportunity to take the Yel- into the street, fail to maintain their ve- low Fish Road™ program’s message of hicles or forget to pick up after their pets storm drain pollution prevention to high remain the primary cause of non point school classes. source pollutants. Barb maintains a busy schedule trav- Each of us who understand where eling throughout the Edmonton area. In storm drains empty, yet consider our May and June of this year Barb com- actions exempt from contributing to the pleted 24 classroom presentations, vis- pollution of Canada’s freshwater resourc- ited four Girl Guide groups and was in- es are compounding the problem. Storm volved with a local company, speaking drain awareness is a challenge for all at their safety meeting. hard working environmental educators. A typical classroom presentation takes Photo by Phil Rowley. These individuals make sure that those about 30 minutes followed by the class

6 | CURRENTS: VOLUME 15, NO. 4 • FALL 2009 stenciling storm drains and distributing Tools of TUC: door hangers throughout the immediate neighborhood. Barb’s presentations have been very successful and well received Yellow Fish Road™ by students. As a result of Barb’s pre- sentations, over 550 storm drains were Storm Drain Stenciling Kit stenciled in May and June alone. Barb continues to provide Yellow Fish Road™ sessions to classes throughout the win- ter months. Barb then follows up with these classes in the spring to complete the stenciling segment the Yellow Fish Road™ program. Barb is currently working on a field day for Suncor employees along with the Northern Lights Fly Tyers Trout Unlimited Edmonton Chapter. Suncor employees and their family members will benefit from a Yellow Fish Road™ educational session that includes storm drain stenciling and door hanger distri- bution. Additional activities such as fly casting and tying instruction will also be available. Through her experience and knowl- edge Barb continues to work with local school districts encouraging local teach- ers and classes to become involved with the Yellow Fish Road™ program. Thanks to Barb, the conservation future looks bright in the Edmonton area. If you are interested in bringing the Yellow Fish Road™ program to your community rom nose tags to electroshockers, sites nationwide. TUC staff distributes please e-mail [email protected]. ■ stenciling kits to water quality kits in Calgary and Edmonton, AB, and F monitors, Trout Unlimited Canada Guelph, ON. Kit cost $100. Each sten- staff use a variety of tools in their daily ciling kit contains: work. Beginning with this issue Cur- • 1 carrying caddy rents will introduce you to some of the • 1 paint roller tools that TUC staff use. This month • 1 storm drain stencil feature is one of the most used — and overlooked — items in TUC’s toolbox, • 2 pairs of glove the Yellow Fish Road™ Storm drain • 1 dustpan and whisk broom Stenciling kit. • 1 garbage bag TUC’s Yellow Fish Road™ program • 1 container of paint is a national storm drain stenciling/wa- • 2 safety vests ter pollution prevention program. The • 2 traffic safety pylons key to this program is providing volun- • 200 Yellow Fish Road™ teers with a storm drain stenciling kit door hangers containing all of the materials neces- sary to stencil and mark storm drains TUC purchases all the materials for in their neighborhoods. the stenciling kits. All kits are provided TUC maintains more than 300 storm free to Yellow Fish Road™ Volunteers. drain stenciling kits nationwide. Most To participate in the Yellow Fish Road™ of these kits are distributed by a Yel- program or for more information please low Fish Road™ partner at one of 25 contact [email protected] ■ Barb Rafuse in the classroom. TUC photo.

TROUT UNLIMITED CANADA’S NATIONAL NEWSLETTER | 7 Kids Can Katch fund raiser Trout Unlimited Canada TUC National Office Doug Cressman he Kids Can Chief Executive Officer Katch Benefit [email protected] T Banquet & Auc- Kimberly Davidson tion was held on Membership Coordinator Wednesday, June [email protected] 17 at the Hotel Arts Lorne Hutchison Calgary. With over Director, 360 attendees and Finance and Administration strong corporate [email protected] and individual sup- Jack Imhof port, the benefit National Biologist raised over $525,000 [email protected] towards this valu- Roger Kelley able project. During Director, the evening, Mayor Conservation Education David Bronconnier [email protected] presented a cheque Don Pike for $50,000 in sup- Director, Special Events Former premier and Kids Can Katch honorary chair, Ralph Klein, tests his [email protected] port of the project casting accumen while Ted Morton, Alberta’s Minister of Sustainable Resourc- and Archie Nesbitt es (right), looks on. TUC photo. Brian Meagher of Safari Club International Calgary partnerships, including the Federal Gov- Alberta Provincial Biologist [email protected] Chapter provided an additional donation ernment, are also being pursued. of $10,000. The Kids Can Katch committee consists Len Yust Coupled with previous commitments Executive Director, Ontario of a group of like-minded conservation [email protected] from BP Canada and the Alberta Com- groups, individuals and businesses fund Silvia D’Amelio munity Enhancement Fund of $160,000 to raising to create a kid’s catch and release the Bow Habitat Station Volunteer Society, Ontario Biologist fishing pond. Former Alberta Premier, Mr. [email protected] the Kids Can Katch pond project is well Ralph Klein, is the Honorary Chair of the on its way to fruition. Additional funding Sheila McKnight committee. The Ministry of Sustainable Yellow Fish Road Manager Development and its minister, the Honour- Ontario/Quebec able Ted Morton, are strong proponents [email protected] of the Kids Can Katch project and ideals. Barb Rafuse Trout Both Mr. Klein and Mr. Morton were in at- Yellow Fish Road Edmonton Program Assistant tendance at the fund raising event. Unlimited [email protected] The goal of Kids Can Katch is to pro- Mary Finch Canada vide an opportunity and location for kids Bronte Creek Watershed OUR MISSION: To conserve, protect to learn the enjoyment we all experience Stewardship Specialist and restore Canada’s freshwater fishing. A chance to get away from the [email protected] ecosystems and their coldwater resourc- distractions of daily life, spend time with National Office: es for current and future generations. friends and family and experience the Ste. 160, 6712 Fisher St. SE OUR GOALS: pleasure of the outdoors. This project of- Calgary, AB T2H 2A7 • to conserve and protect Canada’s fresh- fers a chance to pass on the tradition so Tel: 403-221-8360 water fish and their ecosystems and Fax: 403-221-8368 Alberta’s rivers, streams and lakes con- restore their coldwater resources to a 1-800-909-6040 tinue to have friends who will both enjoy healthy and productive state; Ontario Office: and protect them in the future. • to develop and apply effective, science- Rm. 273, Axelrod Building, based and measurable coldwater con- The fishing pond will be located in Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 servation solutions in the field; front of the Sam Livingston Fish Hatchery, Tel: 519-824-4120 Fax: 519-780-1696 • to inform the public about coldwater adjacent to the Ducks Unlimited Canada conservation issues and educate com- marsh, which is part of the Pearce Estate [email protected] munities about their watersheds; Park Interpretive Wetland. The pond will www.tucanada.org • to build and sustain a healthy organiza- provide youth in the neighbourhood and Currents layout: tion. across the city a chance to get involved in David Soltess Design Help us help the trout! Visit tucanada.org fishing in a safe and supportive environ- [email protected] ment. ■

8 | CURRENTS: VOLUME 15, NO. 4 • FALL 2009