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History of an Island Connected with Mainland – a Study R. Velayutham

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History of an Island Connected with Mainland – a Study R. Velayutham Golden Research Thoughts ISSN 2231-5063 Volume-3, Issue-2, August-2013 History Of An Island Connected With Mainland – A Study R. Velayutham Assistant Professor, P.G. and Higher Research Department of History, R.D. Government Arts College, Sivaganga, TamilNadu, India Abstract:This article is a humble attempt to study about the radical changes in geographical structure by a strong storm in the southern most part of India. The storm was the cause for the formation of creates sixteen new islands. Among these, Rameswaram Island only has dwelling places. As Rameswaram island was detached from the main land, where the people suffered a lot for transport and other purposes. During the eighteenth century A.D., the island was under the direct rule of Sethupathi of Ramanathapuram; they arranged a ferry service for connecting the island with the main land. When the island came under the British rule, it was connected with the main land by a train bridge in the first quarter of the twentieth century A.D. After India got freedom, Rameswaram Island was connected with the main land by a road bridge. The train and road transport paved way for creating many changes and development in the socio-economic life of the people of Rameswaram Island. Keyword:Rameswaram island, the reign of Sethupathis of Ramanathapuram, British rule, TamilNadu, Government of India, Road transport, Railway. INTRODUCTION: Madurai, 272 kilometers from Palani, 302 kilometers from Prologue Thanjavur, 381 kilometers from Coimbatore and 644 In 1480 A.D. a great storm strongly attacked the kilometers from Chennai. According to the Census Report – southernmost part of south India. Consequently a huge part 2001, the total population of the island was nearly about of this land especially, the sea shore in the Bay of Bengal in 68778 (Male – 35436 and Female – 33342). the South Eastern side was swallowed by sea erosion. The main land extends up to Mandapam in the Besides, here and there high full lands were completely Ramanathapuram District. The island is surrounded by the detached from the main land and these lands were Bay of Bengal. It is separated from the main land by the surrounded by the sea water. So these lands became separate Pamban Canal, which extends between Mandapam and island and after the cyclone of 1480 A.D there was created Pamban. The island starts from Pamban situated on the sixteen new islands. western side of the Rameswaram island. The island is These sixteen islands had no dwelling place for connected with the main land by two Bridges. One is Pamban human beings and these islands were not connected with the Viaduct Scherzer Train Bridge, another one is Road Bridge. main land except Rameswaram island. Rameswaram Island The bridge, named after Indira Gandhi, former Prime has lot of dwelling places for human beings from the hoary Minister of India was opened on 2nd October 1988. These past. It was connected with the main land permanently after two bridges were constructed in Pamban Canal between the entry of the British in India. This article explains about Mandapam and Pamban. Indira Gandhi road bridge is how the mainland becomes as many as sixteen separate connected with National Highways No.49 which passes islands and how Rameswaram island gets connected with the through via Pamban, Thangachimadam, Rameswaram and main land again. These are all revealed under the headings of Dhanuskodi and the train bridge is connected with Pamban geographical background of Rameswaram island, history of railway station. New railway line is extended up to road development in Rameswaram island, history of railway Rameswaram via Thangachimadam. development, Schreyer Lift Bridge, Pamban viaduct and The whole island is divided into one town Ferry service in Rameswaram port. panchayat. Rameswaram is the headquarters for the Rameswaram Town Panchayat. Pamban and Thangachima GEOGRAPHICAL BACKGROUND dam are the headquarters for the Pamban Panchayat and Rameswaram Island is situated in Ramanatha uram Thangachimadam Panchayat. Respectively Rameswaram district, Tamil Nadu, South India. The whole island is a Town Panchayat comprises of the following villages and separate taluk. Rameswaram is the headquarters of the hamlets such as Rameswaram, Dhanushkodi, Ramakrishna Taluk. (9010' and 90 20' North longitudes and 29012' and puram, Pudhuroad, Karaiyur, Sudukattan Patti, OlaiKuda, 79025' East longitudes). The whole island has an area of Sambai, Mankadu, Gandhamadhanaparvatham, Vadakadu, 188.4 square kilometers. It is located 43 kilometers away Thiechithar Kollai, Kattupillayar Koil, Atthikadu, from the east of Ramanathapuram, 150 kilometers from Semmamadam, Sallimalai, Thenkuda, Notchivadi, Narikuli, R. Velayutham , “History Of An Island Connected With Mainland – A Study ” Golden Research Thoughts Vol-3, Issue-2 (Aug 2013): Online & Print 1 Golden Research Thoughts ISSN 2231-5063 Volume-3, Issue-2, August-2013 Kilakadu, Aththikadu, Verkottu alias Verkodu, Earakadu. was cut off from the mainland due to a violent strom. Thangachimadam Panchayat comprises of the Thereafter, the places that were situated from Pamban to following villages and hamlets such as Thangachimadam, Dhanushkodi, including Thangachimadam and Thanneer ootru, Peikarumbu, Ariyar kundru, Meyyampuli, Rameswaram became a separate island. Rani Mangammal Verkadu, Nalupanai. Pamban Panchayat comprises of the (1684 A.D – 1706 A.D.), the ruler of Madurai laid a road from following villages and hamlets such as Pamban, Akkal Madurai to Mandapam and Pamban to Rameswaram. The madam, Kundukal, Pananthoppu, Therkuvadi. travelers to Rameswaram and Dhanuskodi reached Pamban Rameswaram island was under Ramanathapuram taluk up to by boat and then continued their journey by walking through 1982. Thereafter the whole Rameswaram island was made as Mangammal road. a separate taluk. Rameswaram became the headquarter of the taluk. SETHUPATHI'S OF RAMANATHAPURAM During Muthu Vijaya Regunatha Sethupathi's Etymology period (1710 AD to 1720 A.D.) a fort was built at Pamban for Mostly the name of the villages in Rameswaram the safety of Rameswaram island. A part of the army was island including Dhanuskodi are said to be associated with stationed there for security. Thanda Deva was appointed as the epic Ramayana. The place name Rameswaram is a the general for the security force. He wanted to improve the combination of two words Rama and Iswaram. Lord Rama, land route from Pamban to Dhanushkodi via the hero of Ramayana, created Iswara in sand in the form of Thangachimadam and Rameswaram. So, he decided to Linga, a symbol of Lord Siva and worshipped it. According collect a fund. According to his plan, he collected two Salli to Ramayana, Ravana, the king of Srilanka, abducted Sita, from (per head) pilgrims and others including travellers who the wife of Lord Rama. Rama invaded Srilanka and killed rode on boats between Mandapam, Thonithuri and Pamban. him. While returning to Rameswaram with Sita, Rama was By using this fund, he laid the road from Pamban to advised by holy men to create a Linga in sand and worship it Dhanuskodi through Thangachimadam and Rameswaram. to purge himself of the sin of brahmahatya (Brahminicide). To make this road he brought rectangular size stones from the Consequently, Rama fixed an auspicious time to hill outside Rameswaram island and used them. worship the Linga. He sent Hanuman to Mount Kailas to collect the Linga. But Hanuman could not come within the BRITISH RULE auspicious time. Therefore, Sita installed a Linga made up of Under the rule of the British in 1838, the road sand on the coast of Rameswaram, which was worshipped by facilities were improved. The primary aim of the British Rama. That Linga is called as Ramalinga or Ramanatha or Government was to extend the roads in Ramanathapuram Rameswara. So, this place is known as Rameswaram and the district in 1843 A.D. Later many important roads were laid to whole island is also called after the name. The island of reach Ramanathapuram. Rameswaram is in the shape of a bow and is called Rama's bow. Each end is called 'kodi' which means 'tip' of the 'bow'. ROADS WERE LAID : The name 'Thanus' in Sanskrit means 'bow' and 'kodi' in i.from Tanjore to Ramanathapuram through Kottai Pattinam, Tamil means 'tip' i.e. tip of the bow. Dhanuskodi is also called Sunthara Pandya Pattinam and Thondi. as Sethu, which means a bridge on causeway. It is a place ii.from Trichirapalli and Ramanathapuram through where Lord Rama constructed the causeway to reach Pudhukottai and Raja Singa Mangalam. SriLanka. The story goes that Lord Rama returned from iii.from Tichy to Ramanathapuram through Manamadurai Srilanka and destroyed the bridge with his bows. and Paramakudi. iv.from Madurai to Ramanathapuram through Manamadurai HISTORY OF ROAD DEVELOPMENT and Paramakudi. Those who come to Rameswaram from various v.from Ramanathapuram to Thiruchuzhi through Aviyur. parts of the country should first come to Ramanathapuram. vi.from Madurai to Ramanathapuram, Via Thiruchuzhi and Then they reach Rameswaram island through Utchipuli, Kamuthi. Mandapam camp and Mandapam. Right from olden days, vii.between Ramanathapuram and Thirunelveli through Rameswaram was linked with important cities and Keelchevanur. towns. Transport facility was developed for the benefit of viii.between Devipattinam and Mandapam Thonithurai and the pilgrims and tourists who wanted to see Rameswaram from Pamban to Rameswaram without any break. and Dhanuskodi. The historical records of Sri Lanka state that there was an important roadway between Rameswaram In 1866 A.D., seven important roads were and Madurai. Lankapura Dhantanayaka, the Military constructed. One among them was constructed between General of Srilanka (1167 A.D.) first came to Rameswaram Ramanathapuram and Mandapam Thonithurai. At the same and then he reached Madurai with his army through time a road was also laid between Ramanathapuram and Rameswaram, Paramakudi, Parthipanoor and Thirupachethi Karaikudi. In 1869, a road was laid from Mandapam and defeated Kulasekara pandya, the then ruler of Madurai.
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