Research Note First Report of Entomopathogenic Nematode
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Diversity and Resource Choice of Flower-Visiting Insects in Relation to Pollen Nutritional Quality and Land Use
Diversity and resource choice of flower-visiting insects in relation to pollen nutritional quality and land use Diversität und Ressourcennutzung Blüten besuchender Insekten in Abhängigkeit von Pollenqualität und Landnutzung Vom Fachbereich Biologie der Technischen Universität Darmstadt zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doctor rerum naturalium genehmigte Dissertation von Dipl. Biologin Christiane Natalie Weiner aus Köln Berichterstatter (1. Referent): Prof. Dr. Nico Blüthgen Mitberichterstatter (2. Referent): Prof. Dr. Andreas Jürgens Tag der Einreichung: 26.02.2016 Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 29.04.2016 Darmstadt 2016 D17 2 Ehrenwörtliche Erklärung Ich erkläre hiermit ehrenwörtlich, dass ich die vorliegende Arbeit entsprechend den Regeln guter wissenschaftlicher Praxis selbständig und ohne unzulässige Hilfe Dritter angefertigt habe. Sämtliche aus fremden Quellen direkt oder indirekt übernommene Gedanken sowie sämtliche von Anderen direkt oder indirekt übernommene Daten, Techniken und Materialien sind als solche kenntlich gemacht. Die Arbeit wurde bisher keiner anderen Hochschule zu Prüfungszwecken eingereicht. Osterholz-Scharmbeck, den 24.02.2016 3 4 My doctoral thesis is based on the following manuscripts: Weiner, C.N., Werner, M., Linsenmair, K.-E., Blüthgen, N. (2011): Land-use intensity in grasslands: changes in biodiversity, species composition and specialization in flower-visitor networks. Basic and Applied Ecology 12 (4), 292-299. Weiner, C.N., Werner, M., Linsenmair, K.-E., Blüthgen, N. (2014): Land-use impacts on plant-pollinator networks: interaction strength and specialization predict pollinator declines. Ecology 95, 466–474. Weiner, C.N., Werner, M , Blüthgen, N. (in prep.): Land-use intensification triggers diversity loss in pollination networks: Regional distinctions between three different German bioregions Weiner, C.N., Hilpert, A., Werner, M., Linsenmair, K.-E., Blüthgen, N. -
Serie B 1995 Vo!. 42 No. 2 Norwegian Journal of Entomology
Serie B 1995 Vo!. 42 No. 2 Norwegian Journal of Entomology Publ ished by Foundation for Nature Research and Cultural Heritage Research Trondheim Fauna norvegica Ser. B Organ for Norsk Entomologisk Forening Appears with one volume (two issues) annually. also welcome. Appropriate topics include general and 1Jtkommer med to hefter pr. ar. applied (e.g. conservation) ecology, morphology, Editor in chief (Ansvarlig redakt0r) behaviour, zoogeography as well as methodological development. All papers in Fauna norvegica are Dr. John O. Solem, University of Trondheim, The reviewed by at least two referees. Museum, N-7004 Trondheiln. Editorial committee (Redaksjonskomite) FAUNA NORVEGICA Ser. B publishes original new information generally relevant to Norwegian entomol Arne C. Nilssen, Department of Zoology, Troms0 ogy. The journal emphasizes papers which are mainly Museum, N-9006 Troms0, Ole A. Scether, Museum of faunal or zoogeographical in scope or content, includ Zoology, Musepl. 3, N-5007 Bergen. Reidar Mehl, ing check lists, faunal lists, type catalogues, regional National Institute of Public Health, Geitmyrsveien 75, keys, and fundalnental papers having a conservation N-0462 Oslo. aspect. Subnlissions must not have been previously Abonnement 1996 published or copyrighted and must not be published Medlemmer av Norsk Entomologisk Forening (NEF) subsequently except in abstract form or by written con far tidsskriftet fritt tilsendt. Medlemlner av Norsk sent of the Managing Editor. Ornitologisk Forening (NOF) mottar tidsskriftet ved a Subscription 1996 betale kr. 90. Andre ma betale kr. 120. Disse innbeta Members of the Norw. Ent. Soc. (NEF) will receive the lingene sendes Stiftelsen for naturforskning og kuItur journal free. The membership fee of NOK 150 should be minneforskning (NINA-NIKU), Tungasletta 2, N-7005 paid to the treasurer of NEF, Preben Ottesen, Gustav Trondheim. -
Distribution of Entomopathogenic Nematodes of the Genus Heterorhabditis (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) in Bulgaria
13 Gradinarov_173 7-01-2013 9:34 Pagina 173 Nematol. medit. (2012), 40: 173-180 173 DISTRIBUTION OF ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODES OF THE GENUS HETERORHABDITIS (RHABDITIDA: HETERORHABDITIDAE) IN BULGARIA D. Gradinarov1*, E. Petrova**, Y. Mutafchiev***, O. Karadjova** * Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 8 Dragan Tzankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria ** Institute of Soil Science, Agrotechnology and Plant Protection “N. Pushkarov”, Division of Plant Protection, Kostinbrod, Bulgaria *** Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, 2 Gagarin Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria Received: 21 September 2012; Accepted: 21 November 2012. Summary. The results from studies on entomopathogenic nematodes of the genus Heterorhabditis Poinar, 1976 (Rhabditida: Het- erorhabditidae) in Bulgaria, conducted during 1994-2010 are summarized. Of the 1,227 soil samples collected, 3.5% were positive for the presence of Heterorhabditis spp. Specimens belonging to the genus were obtained from 43 soil samples collected at 27 lo- calities in different regions of the country. Heterorhabditids were established at altitudes from 0 to 1175 m, in habitats both along the Black Sea coast and inland. The prevalent species was H. bacteriophora Poinar, 1976. Its identity was confirmed by detailed morphometric studies and molecular analyses of four recently obtained isolates. Inland, H. bacteriophora prefers alluvial soils in river valleys under herbaceous and woody vegetation. It was also found in calcareous soils with pronounced fluctuations in the temperature and water conditions. The presence of the species H. megidis Poinar, Jackson et Klein, 1987 in Bulgaria needs further confirmation. Key words: Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, morphology, molecular identification, habitat preferences. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) (Rhabditida: processing of 1,227 soil samples collected during the pe- Steinernematidae, Heterorhabditidae) are obligate para- riod November, 1994 to October, 2010 from different sites of a wide range of soil insects. -
A Trait-Based Approach Laura Roquer Beni Phd Thesis 2020
ADVERTIMENT. Lʼaccés als continguts dʼaquesta tesi queda condicionat a lʼacceptació de les condicions dʼús establertes per la següent llicència Creative Commons: http://cat.creativecommons.org/?page_id=184 ADVERTENCIA. El acceso a los contenidos de esta tesis queda condicionado a la aceptación de las condiciones de uso establecidas por la siguiente licencia Creative Commons: http://es.creativecommons.org/blog/licencias/ WARNING. The access to the contents of this doctoral thesis it is limited to the acceptance of the use conditions set by the following Creative Commons license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/?lang=en Pollinator communities and pollination services in apple orchards: a trait-based approach Laura Roquer Beni PhD Thesis 2020 Pollinator communities and pollination services in apple orchards: a trait-based approach Tesi doctoral Laura Roquer Beni per optar al grau de doctora Directors: Dr. Jordi Bosch i Dr. Anselm Rodrigo Programa de Doctorat en Ecologia Terrestre Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF) Universitat de Autònoma de Barcelona Juliol 2020 Il·lustració de la portada: Gala Pont @gala_pont Al meu pare, a la meva mare, a la meva germana i al meu germà Acknowledgements Se’m fa impossible resumir tot el que han significat per mi aquests anys de doctorat. Les qui em coneixeu més sabeu que han sigut anys de transformació, de reptes, d’aprendre a prioritzar sense deixar de cuidar allò que és important. Han sigut anys d’equilibris no sempre fàcils però molt gratificants. Heu sigut moltes les persones que m’heu acompanyat, d’una manera o altra, en el transcurs d’aquest projecte de creixement vital i acadèmic, i totes i cadascuna de vosaltres, formeu part del resultat final. -
The Larval and Pupal Stages of the Bibionidae
View metadata, citation and similar papers brought at COREto core.ac.ukyou by provided by ZENODO 221 THE LARVAL AND PUPAL STAGES OF THE BIBIONIDAE. By HUBERT M. MORRIS, M.SC, F.E.S. Entomological Department, Institute of Plant Pathology, Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden. Several species of BIBIONIDAE are very common in the adult state during the spring and early summer in Britain, but their larvae seem to have been very little studied. The latter frequently occur in large numbers together, and are from time to time reported to have caused damage to various crops. Probably the commonest species of Bibio are B. marci and B. johannis, but several others are also very frequently met with. The life-history of Bibio johannis, L., has been fully dealt with previously (6), and in the present paper it is proposed to give some account of the life-histories of Bibio marci, L., B. lacteipennis, Ztt., and B. venosus, Mg. I am greatly indebted to Dr. A. D. Imms for suggestions and advice during the course of this work, and for the material of Bibio venosits, and to Mr. F. W. Edwards for identifying the adults which have been reared. Bibio marci, L. Oviposition. In the early part of May 1920, a number of adults of Bibio marci, of both sexes, were captured and placed in a glass jar, the top of which was covered with gauze. Fig. 1. Eggs of Bibio marci, x 6. At the bottom of the jar a layer about 3 cm. in depth of fine damp soil was placed The flies were fed on sweetened water, and by this means it was found possible to induce the females to oviposit. -
Muchnicovití (Diptera: Bibionidae)
LISTY CUKROVARNICKÉ a ŘEPAŘSKÉ šKOdLIVí čINITELÉ CUKROVÉ ŘEPY – žIVOčIšNí šKůdCI Muchnicovití (Diptera : Bibionidae) škodící na řepě Harmful factors in sugar Beet – animal pests: marcH flies (BiBionidae) Hana Šefrová – mendelova univerzita v Brně, agronomická fakulta Taxonomické zařazení holeněmi. Samička muchnice zahradní (obr. 3.) má oranžově červenou hruď a zadeček. Vajíčka jsou bílá nebo nažloutlá, velká Muchnicovití jsou málo početná čeleď dvoukřídlého hmyzu, asi 0,15 × 0,55 mm. Larvy jsou beznohé se zřetelnou hlavou v Evropě jsou zastoupeni asi padesáti druhy, v České republice (apodní eucefalní), šedohnědé, protáhlé se silnými kusadly, dvaceti druhy (1). Osm druhů je u nás vedeno jako škůdci jejich tělo je pokryté štětinkami. Jednotlivé druhy se dají rozlišit rostlin (2, 3), z nich šest druhů se může vyvíjet na řepě (tab. I.). podle výrůstků a šupinek na zadečku. Kukly volné jsou špinavě Praktický význam mají především dva druhy, muchnice březnová bílé, k zadečku se zužují (2, 5). a muchnice zahradní, které se mohou přemnožovat (4). Vývoj Morfologie Samičky kladou vajíčka do půdy bohaté na organickou Imaga muchnic jsou poměrně štíhlá, hustě chlupatá. Létají hmotu, zpravidla ve větších skupinách. Larvy se líhnou asi nápadně pomalu, se svěšenýma nohama. Tykadla mají kratší než po sedmi týdnech. Larvy jsou fytosaprofágní, zpočátku se živí hlavu. Zadeček je složený ze 7–9 článků. Křídla jsou průhledná rozkládající se rostlinnou hmotou, později ožírají kořínky. Asi po u předního okraje lehce zakouřená. Projevuje se u nich výrazný třech týdnech se svlékají a v tomto instaru přezimují v hloubce pohlavní dimorfismus (obr. 1.). Samci jsou štíhlí a mají velké 5–10 cm. Teprve na jaře dokončují vývoj a kuklí se v zemi těsně oči zaujímající téměř celou hlavu (oči holoptické). -
Nematodes As Biocontrol Agents This Page Intentionally Left Blank Nematodes As Biocontrol Agents
Nematodes as Biocontrol Agents This page intentionally left blank Nematodes as Biocontrol Agents Edited by Parwinder S. Grewal Department of Entomology Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio USA Ralf-Udo Ehlers Department of Biotechnology and Biological Control Institute for Phytopathology Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Raisdorf Germany David I. Shapiro-Ilan United States Department of Agriculture Agriculture Research Service Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Research Laboratory, Byron, Georgia USA CABI Publishing CABI Publishing is a division of CAB International CABI Publishing CABI Publishing CAB International 875 Massachusetts Avenue Wallingford 7th Floor Oxfordshire OX10 8DE Cambridge, MA 02139 UK USA Tel: þ44 (0)1491 832111 Tel: þ1 617 395 4056 Fax: þ44 (0)1491 833508 Fax: þ1 617 354 6875 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.cabi-publishing.org ßCAB International 2005. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mech- anically, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Nematodes as biocontrol agents / edited by Parwinder S. Grewal, Ralf- Udo Ehlers, David I. Shapiro-Ilan. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-85199-017-7 (alk. paper) 1. Nematoda as biological pest control agents. I. Grewal, Parwinder S. II. Ehlers, Ralf-Udo. III. Shaprio-Ilan, David I. SB976.N46N46 2005 632’.96–dc22 2004030022 ISBN 0 85199 0177 Typeset by SPI Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India Printed and bound in the UK by Biddles Ltd., King’s Lynn This volume is dedicated to Dr Harry K. -
Page 1 VERSLAGEN EN TECHNISCHE GEGEVENS Instituut
Verslagen en technische gegevens instituut voor Taxonomische Zoölogie (Zoölogisch Museum) Universiteit van Amsterdam No. 59, 1991 Pollinating fauna of a phryganic ecosystem: species list Th. PETANIDOU Instituut voor Taxonomische Zoölogie Universiteit van Amsterdam P.O. BOX 4766 1009 AT Amsterdam Nederland Verslagen en technische gegevens Instituut voor Taxonomische Zoölogie (Zoölogisch Museum) Universiteit van Amsterdam No. 59, 1991 Pollinating fauna of a phryganic ecosystem: species list Th. Petanidou Instituut voor Taxonomische Zoölogie Universiteit van Amsterdam P.O. BOX 4766 1009 AT Amsterdam Nederland 2 Pollinating fauna of a phryganic ecosystem: species list Theodora Petanidou Department of Ecology, U.P.B. 119, School of Biology, Aristotelian University, Thessaloniki 54006, Greece Introduction Studies on the pollination biology of Mediterranean scrub vegetations (maquis and phrygana) are not available as yet on an ecosystem level. To analyse in detail the pollination food web of the phrygana, the vegetation and the pollinator fauna of a phryganic ecosystem near Athens has been continuously monitored during a period of fifty months, April, 1983 - May, 1987 (Petanidou, 1991). The study site, at Dafni, approx. 10 km W of the centre of Athens, was a 30 ha part of the Diomedes Botanical Garden of the University of Athens; see Petanidou & Ellis (submitted) for more details. The number of pollinator species amounted to 666, which is the highest pollinator alpha diversity recorded so far for any ecosystem. A large proportion of the fauna (262 species) consisted of bees. This underlines the uniqueness and high conservation value of the phrygana as such. Two species, viz. the Symphyta Macrophya teutona and Tenthredo zona are new to the fauna of Greece (P. -
Bionomics of a Phoretic Association Between Paenibacillus Sp
Journal of Nematology 37(1):18–25. 2005. © The Society of Nematologists 2005. Bionomics of a Phoretic Association Between Paenibacillus sp. and the Entomopathogenic Nematode Steinernema diaprepesi1 F. E. El-Borai,2 L. W. Duncan,2 and J. F. Preston3 Abstract: Spores of an unidentified bacterium were discovered adhering to cuticles of third-stage infective juvenile (IJ) Steinernema diaprepesi endemic in a central Florida citrus orchard. The spores were cup-shaped, 5 to 6 mm in length, and contained a central endospore. Based on 16S rDNA gene sequencing, the bacterium is closely related to the insect pathogens Paenibacillus popilliae and P. lentimorbus. However, unlike the latter bacteria, the Paenibacillus sp. is non-fastidious and grew readily on several standard media. The bacterium did not attach to cuticles of several entomopathogenic or plant-parasitic nematodes tested, suggesting host specificity to S. diaprepesi. Attachment of Paenibacillus sp. to the third-stage cuticle of S. diaprepesi differed from Paenibacillus spp. associated with heterorhabditid entomopathogenic nematodes, which attach to the IJ sheath (second-stage cuticle). The inability to detect endo- spores within the body of S. diaprepesi indicates that the bacterial association with the nematode is phoretic. The Paenibacillus sp. showed limited virulence to Diaprepes abbreviatus, requiring inoculation of larvae with 108 spores to achieve death of the insect and reproduction of the bacterium. The effect of the bacterium on the nematode population biology was studied in 25-cm-long vertical sand columns. A single D. abbreviatus larva was confined below 15-cm depth, and the soil surface was inoculated with either spore-free or spore-encumbered IJ nematodes. -
The Role of Root Architecture in Foraging Behavior of Entomopathogenic Nematodes ⇑ Lanila Demarta A, Bruce E
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 122 (2014) 32–39 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Invertebrate Pathology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jip The role of root architecture in foraging behavior of entomopathogenic nematodes ⇑ Lanila Demarta a, Bruce E. Hibbard b, Martin O. Bohn c, Ivan Hiltpold a, a Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, 205 Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA b USDA-ARS, Plant Genetic Research, University of Missouri, 205 Curtis Hall, Columbia, MO 65211, USA c Maize Breeding and Genetics, Crop Science Department, University of Illinois, S-110 Turner Hall, 1102 S. Goodwin, Urbana, IL 61801, USA article info abstract Article history: As obligate parasites, entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) rely on insect hosts to complete their devel- Received 2 May 2014 opment. In insect pest management, EPN infectiousness has varied a lot. A better understanding of their Accepted 11 August 2014 host-finding behavior in the rhizosphere is therefore crucial to enhance EPN potential in biological con- Available online 19 August 2014 trol. As previously demonstrated, roots can be used as a pathway to insect hosts by EPN, but this inter- action and its impact on EPN foraging remain poorly documented. Three artificial model-roots with Keywords: different degrees of complexity and connectivity were designed to investigate the impact of root archi- Chemical ecology tecture on foraging behavior of the EPN Heterorhabditis megidis. Insect baits were placed at the bottom Heterorhabditis megidis of each model-root that was subsequently buried in moist sand. After injection of the EPN, the number Nematode foraging behavior Plant–herbivore interaction of EPN-infected baits as well as the number of mature nematodes inside each individual carcass was Soil ecology recorded. -
The Wing Stalk in Diptera, with Some Notes on the Higher-Level Phylogeny of the Order
POINT OF VIEW Eur. J. Entomol. 105: 27–33, 2008 http://www.eje.cz/scripts/viewabstract.php?abstract=1297 ISSN 1210-5759 (print), 1802-8829 (online) The wing stalk in Diptera, with some notes on the higher-level phylogeny of the order JAROSLAV STARÝ Department of Zoology and Laboratory of Ornithology, Faculty of Science of the Palacký University, tĜ. Svobody 26, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Diptera, morphology, wing stalk, higher-level phylogeny Abstract. The wing stalk in Diptera is examined, and its structures are re-evaluated and re-interpreted. The non-homology of A2 in Tipulomorpha and “A2” in other Diptera is claimed. Some notes are presented on the higher-level phylogeny of Diptera, especially those concerning Tipulomorpha. The family Trichoceridae is restored among Tipulomorpha, and the Tipulomorpha are re-affirmed as the sister group of the remaining Diptera. The clade Anisopodidae + Culicomorpha + Bibionomorpha is suggested as the sister group of Brachycera. INTRODUCTION chodomorpha, and particular taxa are treated at family Hennig (1968) published a comprehensive treatment of level. The infraorders accepted are conceived here as fol- the evolution of the wing base in Diptera, i.e., the com- lows: Tipulomorpha: Trichoceridae, Limoniidae, Pedicii- plex of features within the so-called wing stalk, mainly dae, Tipulidae, Cylindrotomidae; Culicomorpha: Simuli- idae, Dixidae, Culicidae, Thaumaleidae, Ceratopogon- the reduction of A2 and the development of the alula. He idae, Chironomidae; Bibionomorpha: Cecidomyiidae, concluded that A2 is reduced in Diptera other than Tipulo- morpha and only retained as a more or less sclerotised, Bibionidae, Axymyiidae, Mycetophilidae s. -
Biological Control Potential of Native Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) Against Mamestra Brassicae L
agriculture Article Biological Control Potential of Native Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) against Mamestra brassicae L. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Anna Mazurkiewicz 1, Dorota Tumialis 1,* and Magdalena Jakubowska 2 1 Department of Animal Environment Biology, Institute of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland; [email protected] 2 Departament of Monitoring and Signalling of Agrophages, Institute of Plant Protection—Nationale Research Institute, Władysława W˛egorka20 Street, 60-318 Poznan, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-225-936-630 Received: 4 August 2020; Accepted: 31 August 2020; Published: 3 September 2020 Abstract: The largest group of cabbage plant pests are the species in the owlet moth family (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), the most dangerous species of which is the cabbage moth (Mamestra brassicae L.). In cases of heavy infestation by this insect, the surface of plants may be reduced to 30%, with a main yield loss of 10–15%. The aim of the present study was to assess the susceptibility of M. brassicae larvae to nine native nematode isolates of the species Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev) and Heterorhabditis megidis Poinar, Jackson and Klein under laboratory conditions. The most pathogenic strains were S. feltiae K11, S. feltiae K13, S. feltiae ZAG11, and S. feltiae ZWO21, which resulted in 100% mortality at a temperature of 22 ◦C and a dosage of 100 infective juveniles (IJs)/larva. The least effective was H. megidis Wispowo, which did not exceed 35% mortality under any experimental condition. For most strains, there were significant differences (p 0.05) in the mortality for dosages ≤ between 25 IJs and 50 IJs, and between 25 IJs and 100 IJs, at a temperature of 22 ◦C.