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Beyond HDTV: Implications for Digital Delivery an Independent Report by Zetacast Ltd Commissioned by Ofcom

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Beyond HDTV: Implications for Digital Delivery An Independent Report by ZetaCast Ltd Commissioned by Ofcom Principal Author: Ken McCann Contributing Authors: Jeff Gledhill, Adriana Mattei, Stuart Savage Version: v1.2 Date: July 2009 ZetaCast Ltd. Beyond HDTV Contents 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................. 6 1.1 Background ......................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Explanation of the technology ............................................................................ 7 1.2.1 Stereoscopic and 3D Display Techniques ............................................................. 7 1.2.2 Ultra High Definition TV ..................................................................................... 8 1.3 Current state of the art ....................................................................................... 8 1.3.1 Stereoscopic and 3D Display Techniques ............................................................. 8 1.3.2 Ultra High Definition TV ..................................................................................... 9 1.4 Conclusions on Technology Development ........................................................... 9 1.4.1 Development of Stereoscopic TV and 3D TV ........................................................ 9 1.4.2 Development of UHDTV and Video Compression ................................................. 10 1.4.3 Development of Channel Coding and Modulation ................................................ 11 1.5 Conclusions on Scenarios .................................................................................. 12 1.5.1 Delivery of “3D” TV by Terrestrial Broadcasting in 2020 ...................................... 12 1.5.2 Delivery of “3D” TV by Satellite Broadcasting in 2020 .......................................... 12 1.5.3 Delivery of UHDTV by Terrestrial Broadcasting in 2020 ....................................... 13 1.5.4 Delivery of UHDTV by Satellite Broadcasting in 2020 ........................................... 13 2 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 14 3 “3D” TELEVISION ....................................................................................... 15 3.1 Stereoscopic and 3D Display Techniques .......................................................... 15 3.1.1 Overview of Display Techniques ........................................................................ 15 3.1.2 Stereoscopic TV using Coloured glasses ............................................................. 15 3.1.3 Stereoscopic TV using Polarised glasses .............................................................16 3.1.4 Stereoscopic TV using Shutter glasses ...............................................................17 3.1.5 Auto-stereoscopic TV ........................................................................................ 18 3.1.6 Head mounted stereoscopic display ...................................................................19 3.1.7 True 3D displays .............................................................................................. 19 3.1.8 Industry Trends ............................................................................................... 21 3.1.9 Conclusions on “3D” Display Techniques ............................................................ 23 Version 1.2 Page 2 ZetaCast Ltd. Beyond HDTV 3.2 Broadcasting of Stereoscopic TV ....................................................................... 24 3.2.1 Overview of Broadcasting Considerations ........................................................... 24 3.2.2 Broadcasting Independent Left and Right Eye Views ........................................... 25 3.2.3 Broadcasting a Temporally Interleaved Stereoscopic Signal ................................. 25 3.2.4 Broadcasting a Spatially Interleaved Stereoscopic Signal ..................................... 26 3.2.5 Broadcasting 2D plus Stereoscopic Metadata ...................................................... 27 3.2.6 Broadcasting 2D plus DOT ................................................................................ 28 3.2.7 Conclusions on Broadcasting of Stereoscopic TV ................................................. 28 3.3 “3D” Content ..................................................................................................... 30 3.3.1 Feature Films ................................................................................................... 30 3.3.2 Packaged Media ............................................................................................... 31 3.3.3 Broadcasting .................................................................................................... 31 3.3.4 Games ............................................................................................................. 31 3.4 Standardisation Work ........................................................................................ 32 3.4.1 MPEG .............................................................................................................. 32 3.4.2 ITU-T .............................................................................................................. 34 3.4.3 ITU-R .............................................................................................................. 34 3.4.4 SMPTE ............................................................................................................. 35 3.4.5 EBU ................................................................................................................. 36 3.4.6 DVB ................................................................................................................ 36 4 INCREASING SPATIAL RESOLUTION ......................................................... 37 4.1 HDTV and 1080p ................................................................................................ 37 4.2 Ultra High Definition TV (UHDTV) ..................................................................... 37 4.3 Perceptual Limit to Resolution .......................................................................... 38 4.4 Industry Trends towards UHDTV ....................................................................... 38 4.4.1 Camera Technology .......................................................................................... 38 4.4.2 Displays ........................................................................................................... 39 4.4.3 Broadcasters .................................................................................................... 41 4.5 Standardisation Work ........................................................................................ 41 4.5.1 MPEG .............................................................................................................. 41 4.5.2 ITU-T .............................................................................................................. 42 4.5.3 SMPTE ............................................................................................................. 42 5 OTHER DISPLAY ENHANCEMENTS ............................................................. 43 5.1 Increasing Frame Rate ...................................................................................... 43 Version 1.2 Page 3 ZetaCast Ltd. Beyond HDTV 5.2 Increasing Aspect Ratio .................................................................................... 43 5.3 Increasing Chrominance Resolution ................................................................. 44 5.4 Increasing Bit depth .......................................................................................... 44 5.5 Improving Colour space .................................................................................... 44 5.6 Standardisation Work ........................................................................................ 44 5.7 Conclusions on Other Display Enhancements ................................................... 45 6 CONTENT DELIVERY ................................................................................... 46 6.1 Storage .............................................................................................................. 46 6.1.1 Hard Disk ........................................................................................................ 46 6.1.2 Optical Storage ................................................................................................ 47 6.1.3 Flash memory .................................................................................................. 48 6.1.4 Conclusions on Storage ..................................................................................... 48 6.2 Broadband IP Networks .................................................................................... 48 6.2.1 Overview of IP Networks .................................................................................. 48 6.2.2 Wired Broadband Networks ............................................................................... 49 6.2.3 Wireless Broadband Networks ........................................................................... 51 6.2.4 Conclusions on Broadband IP Networks ............................................................. 53 6.3 Broadcasting ..................................................................................................... 53
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