Journal of Geosciences Research

Vol. 4, No. 1 January 2019

CONTENTS Hydrochemical Approach for Irrigation Suitability of Groundwater in Krishkindapalem of 1-10 Krishna Delta, Andhrapradesh..... N.C. Mondal Groundwater Quality Assessment Studies in Yeola Block of District, 11-22 .... K.R. Aher, S.M. Deshpande and A.M. Varade Aquifer System in and Taluka, District, Maharashtra.... B.R. 23-30 Lamsoge, J.R. Verma, S.D. Waghmare and A. Atey Identification of Groundwater Potential Zones in Manar River Sub-Basin, Maharashtra 31-38. using Remove Sensing and GIS Techniques.... C. Guarav, Md. Babar and I. Khan Demarcation of Groundwater Potential Zones in Parts of Chandrapur and Gadchiroli 39-47 Districts of Maharashtra Using Integrated Remote Sensing and GIS .... A.M. Varade, S.N. Deshmukh, D.G. Thakare and A. Jagtap Morphometric Parameters of GV-103 Watershed, Godavari Basin, District, 49-56 Maharashtra.... Y.A. Murkute and V.V. Solanki Characterisation of Aquifer Parameters through Pump Test in Selected Watersheds of 57-60 District, Maharashtra.... K.S. Kumbhar, M.V. Baride, S.N. Patil and R.B. Golekar Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Aundha Nagnath Town, Maharashtra using Water 61-66 Quality Index..... V.Wagh, S. Kharjule, S.Mukate, R.Pawar, M. Aamalwar and A.M. Varade Morphometric Signatures of WRJ-2 Watershed and their Implications on Water 67-72 Conservation..... A.M. Varade, K.P. Dongre, B.R. Lamsoge, S.N. Deshmukh and C. Wasankar Groundwater Recharge Monitoring in Loha and Kandhar Taluka, Nanded District, 73-80. Maharashtra..... V.V. Solanki and Y.A. Murkute

Journal of Geosciences Research Vol. 4, No.1, January, 2019 www.ggsnagpur.org pp. 1-10 Hydrochemical Approach for Irrigation Suitability of Groundwater in Krishkindapalem of Krishna Depta, Andhra Pradesh

N.C. Mondal Earth Process Modelling Group, CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Uppal Road, -500 007, . * Email: [email protected] ------Abstract Assessment of irrigation suitability of groundwater in Krishkindapalem of Krishna delta, Andhra Pradesh was carried out by hydrochemical approach. Total 21 groundwater samples were collected and analysed using the standard methods. The results indicated that the groundwater is mildly alkaline in nature; electrical conductivity (EC) varies from 652 to 5310 S/cm. More than 67% of the groundwater samples have TDS value of <2000 mg/L, which is within permissible limit of potable water. Groundwater of this area is mainly classified as mixed Na-Cl types. The high percentage of mixed-type water indicates the possibility of dilution of groundwater and comparatively Na-Cl water type, where maximum nitrate content of 287 mg/L and fluoride (F) concentration of 0.45mg/L is observed. This indicates that the agricultural activity and small scale urbanisation have its impact on the groundwater quality. Various parameter such as soluble sodium percentage (SSP), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Kelley’s ratio (KR), permeability index (PI), residual sodium bicarbonate (RSB) and magnesium absorption ratio (MAR) of the groundwater samples show that overall 62% of the samples are suitable for irrigation, which counts for only 10% of the samples in terms of salinity. The chloro alkaline indices (CAI) were used for distinguishing regional recharge and discharge zones. The corrosivity ratio (CR) was utilised for demarcating areas where non-corrosive pipes are to be used for groundwater supply for irrigation. Keywords: Groundwater quality, Irrigation suitability, Recharge and discharge zones. The corrosivity ratio (CR) was utilised for demarcating areas where non-corrosive pipes are to be used for groundwater supply for irrigation. Keywords: Groundwater quality, Irrigation suitability, Recharge and discharge zones, Krishkindapalem, Krishna delta, Andhra Pradesh.

Journal of Geosciences Research Vol. 4, No.1, January, 2019 www.ggsnagpur.org pp. 11-22 Groundwater Quality Assessment Studies in Yeola Block of , Maharashtra

K.R. Aher1*, S.M. Deshpande2 and A.M. Varade3 Groundwater Survey and Development Agency, Jalna-431202, India Joint Director, Department of Higher Education, Aurangabad-431001, India. Department of Geology, RTM Nagpur University-440 001. India. * Email: [email protected] ------Abstract The hydrochemistry of 55 groundwater samples in Yeola block of Nashik District, Maharashtra were determined and assessed for usefulness in drinking and agricultural purposes. Groundwater quality was examined by different physic-chemical parameters like pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, carbonate, bicarbonate, sulphate, chloride and fluoride. The abundance of major cations and anions is shown as

Na > Mg > Ca >= HCO3 > Cl > SO4. The physic-chemical parameters of groundwater were compared with WHO and Indian Standards, to ascertain its suitability for drinking purpose. The sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), percent Na (%Na), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Kelly ratio (KR), residual sodium bi-carbonate (RSBC), permeability index (PI) and magnesium absorption ratio (MAR) were calculated for irrigation suitability assessment studies. The overall analysis revealed unsuitability of few groundwater samples for drinking due to higher values of physic-chemical parameters crossing the permissible limits. Whereas majority of the groundwater samples are suitable for irrigation in accordance with SAR, RSC, RSBC, KI, Na% and CR values. Keywords: Groundwater quality, Irrigational use, Hydrochemcial facies, Yeola block, Nashik district, Maharashtra.

Journal of Geosciences Research Vol. 4, No.1, January, 2019 www.ggsnagpur.org pp. 23-30 Aquifer System in Katol and Narkhed Taluka, , Maharashtra

B.R. Lamsoge*, J.R. Verma, S.D. Waghmare and A. Atey Central Ground Water Board, Central Region, Civil Lines, Nagpur-440 001, India * E-mail: [email protected] ------Abstract Groundwater exploration through drilling is one of the methods to know the geometry and potential of the sub-surface aquifer that helps in sustainable groundwater development. Under various groundwater exploration of Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), total 37 wells (exploratory, observation and piezometers) were drilled from 1974-79 to 2015-16 in groundwater stressed Katol and Narkhed talukas of Nagpur District, Maharashtra. Three aquifer systems have been established in this area viz. Aquifer-I, shallow aquifer in weathered / fractured basalt from 5 to 32m bgl; Aquifer-II, deeper aquifer in jointed / fractured basalt from 32 to 160m bgl and Aquifer-III, trap cover Gondwana (TCG) aquifer from 59 to 300m bgl (sandstone). The huge groundwater potential bearing TCG aquifer is explored on local scale. Based on the aquifer characteristics, groundwater potential areas were demarcated in Katol and Nrakhed talukas, which help the local people and administrator for better groundwater development and management of this area. Keywords: Groundwater exploration, Basaltic aquifer, Trap covered Gondwana (TCG), Katol and Narkhed taluka, Maharashtra.

Journal of Geosciences Research Vol. 4, No.1, January, 2019 www.ggsnagpur.org pp. 31-38 Identification of Groundwater Potential Zones in Manar River Sub-Basin, Maharashtra Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques

C.Gurav, Md. Babar and I. Khan Department of Geology, Dnyanopasak College, – 431401, India Email: [email protected] ------Abstract Groundwater is the most essential drinking water source in draught prone area of region in Maharashtra State. In the present study, geology, geomorphology and hydrogeomorphological investigations were carried out to assess the groundwater potential zones of Manar river sub-basin, through visual interpretation of satellite image FCC of IRS P6 LISS-III, ASTER DEM and Survey of India (SOI) topographic maps on 1:5000 scale with adequate ground truth in ArcGIS 10.1 environment. In the west and central part of the study area Deccan basalt of Late Cretaceous to Early Eocene age is exposed, while in the eastern part granite and granite gneisses of Eastern Dharwar craton (Peninsular Gneissic Complex) are exposed. The secondary porosities developed during the cooling of lave such as fracture, joints lineament pattern of the rocks play a vital role for groundwater development, whereas geomorphology and morphometric characteristics are important in groundwater yield and recharge. Geomorphological analysis was carried out by using six geomorphic surfaces, such as alluvial plan, pediplain, pediment, valley fill sediments, highly dissected plateau and denudational hill. Good quantity of groundwater occurs in alluvial plain area, groundwater potential is restricted in valley fill sediment. Pediplain area has moderate to good groundwater potential, pediment area has moderate to poor, while the areas of highly dissected plateau and denudational hills are associated with poor groundwater potential. Keywords: Manar river, Geomorphic surfaces, RS-GIS, Groundwater potential.

Journal of Geosciences Research Vol. 4, No.1, January, 2019 www.ggsnagpur.org pp. 39-47 Demarcation of Groundwater Potential Zones in parts of Chandrapur and Gadchiroli Districts of Maharashtra using Integrated Remote Sensing and GIS

A.M. Varade1*, S.N. Deshmukh2, D.G. Thakre2 and A. Jagtap1 1 Department of Geology, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur-440001, India. 2 Shivaji Science College, Congress Nagar, Nagpur, Nagpur-440012, India * Email: [email protected] ------Abstract The advanced techniques like remote sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) have emerged as rapid and cost-effective tools for natural resources management. The understanding on remote sensing data alongwith conventional and field validation makes it possible to identify different ground features vis-a-vis the groundwater potential. The present study area falls under the Chandrapur and Gadchiroli districts of Maharashtra State and is investigated with a view to assess the groundwater potentials. The thematic maps on geology and lineaments, geomorphology, land use/land cover are prepared using satellite image. The value to the individual sub-unit is assigned by considering the groundwater recharge and storage characteristics. The groundwater potential map (GWP) for the study area is evolved by integrating all the thematic layers and their weightages. The GWP map so obtained demonstrates five zones of groundwater potentials in the study area i.e. excellent, every good, good, moderate and poor. To verify the validity of GWP map, field validation was carried out on limited extent, which establishes good correlation between GWP map and the actual groundwater scenario. Keywords: Remote Sensing, GIS, Groundwater Potential map, Well Inventory, Chandrapur district, Gadchiroli district, Maharashtra.

Journal of Geosciences Research Vol. 4, No.1, January, 2019 www.ggsnagpur.org pp. 49-56 Morphometric Parameters of GV-103 Watershed, Godavari Basin, Nanded District, Maharashtra

Y.A. Murkute1*, and V.V. Solanki2 1 Department of Geology, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur-440 001, India 2 Groundwater Surveys and Development Agency, Nanded, India * Email-: [email protected] ------Abstract The results of morphometric analysis for 8 mini-watersheds of GV-103 watershed are presented in this paper. The DEM data from BHUVAN and GIS techniques provided to be accurate and efficient tool in drainage delineation and updating of GV-103 watersheds as well as all the 8 mini-watersheds. The maximum 1st order streams are observed in dissected zones. The rock type of the study area is homogeneous and lower part of all mini-watersheds is flat region. The higher bifurcation ratio shows less structural control at some places. The amalgamation and synthesis of DEM in addition to the morphometric parameters clearly indicate appreciable groundwater prospects on eastern part of GV- 103 watershed. Keywords: Morphometric analysis, GV-103 Watershed, Godavari Basin, Nanded District, Maharashtra.

Journal of Geosciences Research Vol. 4, No.1, January, 2019 www.ggsnagpur.org pp. 57-60 Characterisation of Aquifer Parameters through Pump Test in Selected Watersheds of Kolhapur District, Maharashtra

K.S. Kumbhar1, M.V. Baride2, S.N. Patil3 and R.B. Golekar4* 1 Department of Geology, Nowrosjee Wadia College, – 411001, India 2 Department of Geology, Z. B. Patil College, Dhule – 424002, India. 3 Department of Applied Geology, School of Environmental and Earth Sciences, North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon-425001, India 4 Department of Geology, Khare-Dhere-Bhosale College, Guhagar, Ratnagiri-415703, India * Email: [email protected] ------Abstract Estimating the aquifer parameters is an essential part of the groundwater studies. The availability and movement of groundwater is best expressed in terms of the basic parameters of specific capacity (C), transmissivity (T) and storativity (S). These are determined through the aquifer performance test (APT). In the present study, total of 10 APT were conducted at different locations within the shallow basaltic aquifers. The essential data like diameter, depths and initial water level of these wells were recorded. The water was pumped out continuously for 3 hours and changes in water level both for drawdown and recuperation were recorded. The depth of the dugwells varied considerably from 11 to 18.2m. The aquifer performance test results showed that the specific capacity of wells in study area is varies from 16 to 583.36 LPM/m/m2. The study of pumping test data suggests that the values of storativity and transitivity fall in the range of 1.8 to 13.7 m2/day and 40.67 to 211.87 m2/day, respectively. Keywords: Aquifer performance test, Specific Capacity, Transmissivity, Storativity, Kolhapur District, Maharashtra.

Journal of Geosciences Research Vol. 4, No.1, January, 2019 www.ggsnagpur.org pp. 61-66 Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Aundha Nagnath Town, Maharashtra Using Water Quality Index

V. Wagh1*, S. Kharjule1, S.Mukate1, R. Pawar2, M. Aamalawar1 and A.M. Varade3 1 School of Earth Sciences, SRTM University, Nanded- 431 606, India 2 Department of Civil Engineering, SVERIs College of Engineering, Solapur, India. 3 Department of Geology, RTM, Nagpur-440001, India * Email: [email protected] ------Abstract Present study is focused on determining the drinking water sustainability of groundwater resources by applying Water Quality Index (WQI) method and assessment of seasonal variations in groundwater quality. Most of the population in Aundha Nagnath town of Marathwada, Maharashtra, a famous pilgrim place, uses groundwater for drinking and domestic needs. Total 14 representative groundwater samples were collected from the dug well / borewell sources and analysed for their major ions using the standard procedure of APHA. The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) for drinking water was used for calculation of WQI values. TDS is found to exceed the permissible limits of BIS in 64.29 and 14.29% groundwater sample and EC in 57.14 and 35.71% samples in post and pre monsoon seasons, respectively. The value of Mg and K in ground water samples make it unsuitable for drinking in majority of samples. The WQI classifications using BIS depicts poor to excellent water quality categories. As per the WQI classification, the groundwater quality of the area is marginally good in pre monsoon as compared to post monsoon season. The study provides baseline information on groundwater quality, which will certainly help the local planners for sustainable management of water resources. Keywords: Groundwater, Water Quality India, Physicochemical parameters, Aundha Naghnath Town, Maharashtra.

Journal of Geosciences Research Vol. 4, No.1, January, 2019 www.ggsnagpur.org pp. 67-72 Morphometric Signature of WRJ-2 Watershed and their Implications on Water Conservation

A.M. Varade1*, K.P. Dongre2, B.R. Lamsoge2, S.N. Deshmukh1 and C. Wasankar1 1 Department of Geology, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur-440001, India 2 Central Ground Water Board, Central Region, Nagpur-440 001, India. * Email: [email protected] ------Abstract The WRJ-2 watershed of Jam river sub-basin, Nagpur District, falling under the Eastern Deccan volcanic province was studied in detail pertaining to linear, areal and relief attributes that revealed homogeneous climatic and morphological conditions under the less complex morphometric setup. The stream analysis confirmed predominance of total number and length of stream segments in first order supporting the Horton’s law. The lower values of drainage density, length of overland flow, ruggedness and higher values for mean bifurcation ratio, infiltration number and relief ratio indicate homogeneity in texture and less structural control over the area. Due to low infiltration capacity of basement rocks and high run-off there is a scope for artificial recharge measures at appropriate drainage lines of WRJ-2 watershed. For harnessing the runoff water, construction of gulley plugs, loose boulder structures, cement bandhara, afforestration, water absorbing trenches, continuous contour trenches (CCT), earthern check dams and percolation tank like structures are recommended. The overall analysis stands significant in locating sites for artificial recharge and water conservation and flood mitigation in the study area. Keywords: Morphometric analyses, WRJ-2 watershed, Artificial recharge structures, Nagpur District, Maharashtra.

Journal of Geosciences Research Vol. 4, No.1, January, 2019 www.ggsnagpur.org pp. 73-80 Groundwater Recharge Monitoring in Loha and Kandhar Taluka, Nanded District, Maharashtra

V.V. Solanki1 and Y.A. Murkute2 1 Groundwater Survey and Development Agency, Nanded-431606, India 2 Department of Geology, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur – 440 001, India Email: [email protected] ------Abstract The relationship of rainfall with groundwater recharge was monitored in Loha and Kandhar Talukas of Nanded District, Maharashtra. The study are received upto 80% of normal rainfall during last 19 years, except in 2004. However, there was successive depletion of rainfall in the study area during 2005 to 2009, forming the draught situation. To overcome the lowering groundwater levels representing draught conditions, the watershed development planning and execution was taken up in 42 and 46 villages each of Loha and Kandhar taluka, respectively under Jalyukt Shivar Abhiyan (JYS). Through the extension of various groundwater recharge measures in the study area, 2756.43 Trillion Cubic Meter (TCM) of water in Kandhar area and 2719.08 TCM in Loha area could be arrested. This has resulted in maintaining of static water level (SWL) at shallow depths in the study area, in recent years. Keywords: Groundwater recharge, Annual rainfall, Jalyukta Shivar Abhiyan, Nanded, Maharashtra.

Journal of Geosciences Research Vol. 4, No.1, January, 2019 www.ggsnagpur.org pp. 81-87 Urban Growth in a Part of Hyderabad City, Southern India using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques

M. Sudheer Kumar1*, N.C. Mondal2, Harinath Maragouni3, J. Vijaya Kumar3, K. Srinivasa Reddy4, and Abhay M. Varade5 1 Central Ground Water Board, North West Himalaya Region, Jammu-180004, India 2 Earth Process Modelling Group, CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad-500 007, India 3 Department of Geology, Osmania University, Hyderabad-500 007, India. 4 ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderbad-500 059, India 5 Department of Geology, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur-440 001, India. * Email: [email protected] ------Abstract Hyderabad city is one of the fastest growing mega-cities in Southern India. It is facing loads of economic, social and environmental problems due to rapid urban growth. Therefore, understanding and periodic monitoring of the land use changes in different parts of the city to detect urban growth activities is required for the better planning of resources and providing basic amenities to its residents. Accordingly, remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) tools were used to map the land use classes for different time periods in an area of 453 km2 in a part of Hyderabad city. This is done to examine apparent changes in land use through Satellite Image Merge obtained from (IRS Pan + LISS III) of 2003, (Pan + LISS II) of 2006 and (Cartost + LISS4) of 2009. The results show that the total built up area has increased upto 18km2 in the investigated area over a period of six years from 2003 to 2009. The fallow area decreased by 21km2, whereas there is no change in land with cultivation, scrub or without scrub compared with 2006 and 2009 satellite imageries. The plantation area has increased upto 5km2 (1.1%) of the study area in 2009. There is no change in agricultural land, reserved forest and land without scrub, which can provide the basis for sustainable urban planning in the study area. Keywords: Remote sensing, GIS, Urban growth, Hyderabad City, Southern India.

Journal of Geosciences Research Vol. 4, No.1, January, 2019 www.ggsnagpur.org pp. 89-96 Hydrochemistry of Surface and Groundwater of Walwa Taluka, Sangli District, Maharashtra

R.B. Golekar1*, Y.M. Patil2, A.M. Varade3, A. Mahalankar2, D. Patil2, A. Shelke2 and A. Ghanwat2 1 Department of Geology, Khare-Dhere-Bhosale College, Guhakar, Ratnagiri-415703, India. 2 Department of Civil Engineering, Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Rajaramnagar, Islampur, Sangli-415414, India. 3 Department of Geology, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur-440 001, India * Email: [email protected] ------Abstract This study aims to assess the contamination levels of surface and groundwater from both the banks of river Krishna in Walwa Taluka of Sangli District, Western Maharashtra. 50 surface and groundwater samples were collected for physicochemical analysis. The chemical characteristics of water samples were determined as per the standard methods and the results were compared with standard norms recommended by the Bureau of Indian Standards. The suitability of groundwater for drinking purpose, suggests that the water is hard to very hard type. The quality of water for irrigation purposes shows the conflicting evidences for suitability for agricultural purposes. Keywords: Surface water pollution, Groundwater pollution, Walwa Taluka, Sangli District, Maharashtra.