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Durham E-Theses Durham E-Theses The concept of the Islamic State as found in the writings of Abul A' La Maududi. Ahmad, Riaz How to cite: Ahmad, Riaz (1969) The concept of the Islamic State as found in the writings of Abul A' La Maududi., Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1879/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk THE CONCEPT OF THE ISLAMIC STATE AS FOUND IN THE WRITINGS OF ABUL AI LA MAUDUDi RIAZ AHMAD M, A. (PUNJAB) PIGD Thesis The copyright of this thesisrests with the author. 1969. Dec. No quotation from it should be publishedwithout his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. 2 JAN1998 V. OTHER PUBLICATIONS. The Holy Qur'Un Nawapay waqt Dailyp Lahore (Urdu). Pakistan Timesp Lahore. (Uiglish). Pawnp Karachi (English). Pakistan Observer# Dýdca (Urdu), Report of_Censue of 1951* -Pakista Provisional Report on the Census of Pakistan 1961. Encyclopaedis. of Islam* . Daily IbsAng Lahorep (Urdu). Court of Enquiry Rel2ort in the Punjab Disturbances# 1953- Constituent Assembly of Pakistan Debates* Basic Principlea_Committoe Report. Constitution of Pakistan 1956o Constitution of Pakistan 3-962o Daily QahbUz,, (Peshawar) Urdu. Daily AnJnmo (Karachi) Urdu. Turjum'An-ul--Qurl? fnr (Ilyderabado Pathankot) Lahore. Maragh-i-Rah,, Karachi. Al-Hilalp Dolhi. Al-Ba: L'Egbp Delhi* Al-oablb of Bukbllrl. 0 ST COPY AVAILA L Variable print quality A Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the University of Durlwm. .I- PREPACE This study Is primarily concerned with MaulUnIl Abul A'la 11audUdVs contribution to the Concept of Islamic State. The Jam5.'at-i-I slim! the political party of which he has been the leader since its inceptiont and its political activities have only been mentioned in as much as their reference was important to his political theory* In the first two chapters a history of the development of Muslim political thought is briefly set out to provide better understanding of MaudTIO's ideas and concepts. The third chapter endeavours to relate him with recent views on the nature of Islamic State and his political involvement after the creation of Pakistan* In the subsequent chapters Constitutions Lawv Jihldp Economic theory of Islam# Position of Non-Muslims and Position of Women in the Islamic State is, THE CONCEPT OF THE ISLAMIC STATE AS FOUND IN THE WRITINGS OF ABUL AILA ?4AUDUDI RIAZ AHMAD PH. D. THESIS Maulana Sayid Abul Alla Maududi is one of the-most influential Tlama and a contempor2xy interpreter of Islam in Pakistan Although before the . creation of Pakistan he did not lend his support to those who were striving for a separate homeland t since its inception he has been an outstanding spokesman for the adoption Islamic Constitution To this he for an . achieve end has carried on relentless efforts for providing a framework for such a constitution in the light of the Islamic interpretation principles t based upon a conservative of the Sharila and has used the Jama'at -i-Islami the political party of which he has been the head since its inception as an instrument to achieve that end This dissertation is an indeavour to study his political theory rather then his political activity and the Jamalat is only studied in as mucI3 as a reference to it was necessary in clarifying his It to him concepts . is thus an effort relate with I the mainstream of Islamic Political Thought and also to compare him with his more liberal contemporax7 Maslim writers . In spite of his conservation and fundamentalism he has been forced to make certain compromises with the forces history Political in Islam of . thinkers among other thingc have alzo perforzed thi-- tack bec2u:; e history seems to have always developed faster than theory. Maududi's contributions in this spere are also studied in some. deýtail In the first chapter is discussed the development of political ideas in Islam to provide a link between Maududi and the main body of Islamic concepts of the State. The genesis and development of his own ideas is discussed in the second chapter v in the light of the influence him in his formative The on years . third chapter studies him in relation to his own contemporaries and endeavours to bring out other opinions on the Isl2mic State. His own contributions are studied under such titles as law and Constitutiont Economics, the Concept of Mad p and the position of the non-Muslims and Women in the Islamic State . taken and studied in detail, am deeply indebted to Mr, C, H, Dodd who in spitCý of moving to the University of I! anchester last year continued to supervise this work* The completion of this thesis would not have been possible but for the guidance given me by him, He discussed many problems with me with meticulous and friendly care. The debt extensive as it is* is not of the kind that can be repaid except by making it even greater. I am also indebted to Rev* Anthony Spurr and 11r. Brian Thaxton who read the final draft and advised me about the, problems arising from the intricacies of the English language. I would also like to thank my father# Shah Abdul Aziz and Mr. r2barif Hinl, Lecturer at Islamic College, Lahora, Viest Pakistan# who rendered helP in collecting Pooks and periodicals* owe a special debt to the University of Peshawar# West Pakistan,, whose financial help made the writing of this thesis possibleg and to lIrs. C. Bates of the Department of Oriental Studies who typed the manuscript* Riaz Ahmad. ' NOTES ON TRANSLITERATION Transliteration of Arabic hamza Not shown when initial otherwise I b t th kh f d q dh jo, k j r z ýj sh a, ,6 h Uý - (consonants) qW (I" 7 Vowels: Short damma u fatha a Kasra -P i long LR I Diphthongs au or aw ai or ay 11. Transliteration of Urdu Arabic Transliteration is used for those letters which are common to Arabice For the letters peculiar to Urdu the scheme is as follows: pd t rh ch 10, nasal ERh III. General note on transliteration Discrepencies in transliteration are due to the need to reproduce in quotations the spellings adopted by the authorst e. g. Sharl'ap Sharl'aht Shariat, Njil3fat KhilRfaht or in case of namest MoDammad or Muhammad. The movement in favour of the Turkish Caliphate in India has however been referred to as the KhilUfat, Movement because of usage* CONTENTS Page Preface Notes on Wanaliteration Chapter One: ISIAM IN HISTORY I Islam in Modern History 23 (a) Wahhgbrya Movement 23 (b) Sh; h Walrullah of Delhi 26 (c) Jam; luddrn AfSh; ni 30 Chapter Two: MAUDUDI - THE FORMATIVE PHASE 36 (i) Early Life and Work 36 (ii) Twentieth Century Muslim 46 Thought ej (d) Ikhw; n-ul-Muslimun 46 (b) Mushm 'Romantics' 49 (1) Alt; f iiussain 11;11 49 (2) Abul Kal; m Az; d 51 (c) Jaml at-ul- Ulama-i-Hind 58 (d) Khilifat Movement 61 (0) Dr. Muhammad Iqbal 65 (iii) MaudUdrls Political premises and the Jama, at-i-Islimr 72 Page Chapter Three: MAUDUDI'S POLITICAL INVOLVEMENT 82 (i) Involvement in Islamic Constitution making 83 (ii) Comparison with some recent views on the Islamic State 88 (a) Khallfa Abdul liaklm 92 (b) Muhammad Asad 95 (Maud; d! 101 (iii)Activities leading to Maudadr's Arrest 106 (a) Advocacy of Islamic Constitution 107 (b) Allegiance and Kashmir III (iv) objectives Resolution 114 (v) Later Political Activities 121 Chapter Four: PRINCIPLES OF LAW AND CONSTITUTION 124 Chapter Five: THE CONCEPT OF RHAD 159 (i) Jihad in History 160 (ii) Doctrine of iihad 162 (M) Maududi's Attitude towards Jihad 164 (iv) Conditions of'Jihad 168 (a) Tyranny 168 (b) Guarding Truth 169 (c) Dishonouring Treaty Relations 170 (v) The Sword and the Spread of Islam 172 (vi) Jihad as Bellum Justum 174 Page Chapter Six: ECONOMIC STRUCTURE OF THE ISLAMIC STATE 178 Chapter Seven: THE POSITION OF NON-MUSLIM IN THE ISLAMIC STATE 191 W Nature of Jizya 194 (ii) Political Rights and Privileges 200 (iii) Government Service 204 (iv) Education and Prosely- tism 205 (v) Ahl-al-Dhimma and the Law 206 Chapter Eight: POSITION OF WOMENIN THE ISLAMIC STATE 208 Rights of Women 224 Chapter Nine: CONCLUSIONS 230 APPENDICES APpendix Onei Organizational Structure of the Jam; at-i-Iml; mI 243 Appendix Two: Constitutional Plan of the Ulama 250 BIBLIOGRAPHY 261 CHAPTER I ISLAM IN HISTORY CHAPTER I ISLAM IN HISTORY Pro-Islamic society was composed of tribes not always at peace with one another. Politically, the advent of Isl; m had the effect of combining the hostile tribes into a single comusunityo Isl; m brought together son of differing traditions and customs* For thing Qur an the divinely revealed bookg provided the binding force* Islim in a religion based on taubTd (belief in one God) which teaches that God in the ultimate basis of all life.
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