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( Diptera: Syrphidae )

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6000 1115 333 3 ... Flowerfly .... ::: : ... 1388 898989 89 ... ... ((( 2008 )))) Sarthou Speigh ((( 1988 )))) Bi-Bienko ((( (1996 )))) Falk Stubs 21212121 ... Barkalor ... . Eristalinae Syrphinae ::: ﺳﻴﺮﻓﻴﺪه، ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي ، ﻓﻴﺮوزﻛﻮه

10 150 170 1 40.( ) 15 55 80 . .( 15 12 ) 350

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) )( 1381 ) ( (. 38 37 ) ( hoverfly ) ( 1382 ) 6000 225 flowerfly ) ( 1386 ) ( 23 21 ) ( (. 25 ) ( 1387 ) ) ( 1389 ) ( . ( (. 39 24 )47 ( bioindicator ) . . 2261 (. 36 33 19 ) 12 . . 1214 (35 °45'N,52 °46'E) ( ) . 14 21 20.( 14 ) 2 7 . . ( 1932 ) Sack : 5 ( ) 1 1 ) ) ( 1987 ) Laska Dusek .( 2 ( 1988 ) Peck Syrphinae 31 6 ( ) 1389 ) ( 1989 ) Gilbert Rotheray .( 35 ) ( 1999 ) Gilbert Rotheray ( ( ) . . ( ) ( 2006 ) 4 )( 1340 ) GPS )( 1379 ) ( 10 ( Falk Stubbs ( 1380 ) ( 4 )( 1379 )

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1390 4

) ( 2008 ) Sarthou Speigh ( 1988 ) Bi-Bienko ( 1996 ) ( Rarfaction . R=S . = S = R : Anatoli Barkalov 5 . : : 1-D i : n¡ : N : S : H' i : P¡ : Eᴅ i : P¡ i : E j : Pʲ : Evar j : nj . : S : S² Ecological 21( ) 6 methodology . . Excel 2007

21

5 4 3 2 1 1:

1:

)7( ( ) 1-Brassica nigra, 2-Descurainia Sophia, 1214 35° 45´N 52° 46´E 1 3-Cardaria draba (L) 3 2 1 1-Crataegus viridis, 2- inapis arvensis, 3-Urtica 1418 35° 45´N 52° 44´E 2 dioica, 4-Trifolium s.p., 5- Medicago sativa 5 4 3 2 1 1-Populus nigra,2- Astragalus cancellatus, 1159 35° 46´N 52° 33´E 3 3- Avena sativa 3 2 1 1-Tritichum aestivum (L) , 2-Hordeum s.p ., 1307 35° 47´N 52° 24´E 4 3- Phaseolus vulgaris, 4-Descurainia Sophia, 5- Populus nigra 5 4 3 2 1 1-Tritichum aestivum (L), 2-Hordeum s.p., 1351 35° 44´N 52° 41´E 5 3- Trifolium s.p., 4-Cardaria draba (L) , 5-Sinapis alba 5 4 3 2 1

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51/0( ) 21 . 5 14 . Eristalinae Syrphinae 95 339 .( 5 4 3 () P< 05/0 ) 23.( ) 18 59/0( ) . 31 ) ( 23/3 89/0 58/0( ) 81/0( ) 31/0( ) 9 8 ) 31 18 . 06/0( ) Rarefaction .( 10 71/4( ) . 67/1 . 47/2 .( 12 ) 95 33/3( 87/0 ) ( P< 05/0 ) 04/0( 83/0 ) .( 4 ) .( 67 ) 3 18 74/0( 68/0 76/0 ) 48/0 ) 5.( ) ( 35/0

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2:

28 17 1 3 3 4 Syritta pipiens L., 1758 37 5 3 22 2 5 Metasyrphus corolla Fabricius, 1794 2 2 Metasyrphus latilunulatus Collin, 1931 4 2 2 Metasyrphus latifasciatus Macquart,1829 1 1 Metasyrphus luniger Meigen, 1822 72 20 5 34 6 7 Sphaerophoria scripta L., 1758 1 1 Syrphus ribesii L., 1758 29 6 3 8 3 9 Episyrphus balteatus De Geer , 1776 2 1 1 Xanthandrus comtus Harris, 1780 4 2 2 Melanostoma melinum L., 1758 1 1 Platycheirus albimanus Fabricius,1781 5 5 Platychirus ambiguus Fallen, 1817 2 2 tibialis Fallen ,1817 4 2 2 Paragus albifrons Fallen ,1817 2 2 Volucella zonaria Poda, 1761 79 24 5 28 8 14 Eriatalis tenax L., 1758 45 7 4 19 8 7 Eristalis arbustorum L,1758 4 3 1 Eristalinus aeneus Scopoli,1763 15 5 1 4 2 3 Merodon equestris Fabricius , 1794 1 1 Myathropa florae L., 1758 1 1 Merodon elegans Hurkman, 1993 339 94 25 123 42 55

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3:

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28 7 13 8 Syritta pipiens 37 5 11 21 Metasyrphus corolla 2 2 Metasyrphus latilunulatus 4 2 2 Metasyrphus latifasciatus 1 1 Metasyrphus luniger 72 7 43 22 Sphaerophoria scripta 1 1 Syrphus ribesii 29 3 8 18 Episyrphus balteatus 2 1 1 Xanthandrus comtus 4 1 3 Melanostoma melinum 1 1 Platycheirus albimanus 5 3 2 Platychirus ambiguus 2 2 Paragus tibialis 4 1 2 1 Paragus albifrons 2 1 1 Volucella zonaria 79 18 38 23 Eriatalis tenax 45 9 19 17 Eristalis arbustorum 4 3 1 Eristalinus aeneus 15 3 5 7 Merodon equestris 1 1 Myathropa florae 1 1 Merodon elegans 339 65 154 120

4:

1/11 ±0/52 1/21 ±0/27 3/22 1/15 ±0/3 1/32 ±0/09 2/67 1/24 ±0/61 1/54 ±0/37 4/71 0/67 ±0/31 0/46 ±0/09 1/67 1/21 ±0/35 1/48 ±0/12 4/52

25

5:

31 18 2/47 4/39 3/79 1/68 ±0/1 1/67 ±0/13 0/91 ±0/12 1/29 ±0/32 1/29 ±0/37 0/95 ±0/35

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26

1390 4

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28

1390 4

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. . . 33.( ) ( 1971 ) Pollard 29 31.( ) 88 . . . . . ( 2003 ) Büchs ( 2002 ) Fransic . . 5 21 . . . . ( 1988 ) Pluchino Volucella zonaria , Episyrphus balteatus. . . : Eristalis tenax , Eristalis arbustorum , Syritta pipiens : Merodon equestris , Merodon elegans . . 5 4 .

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13-Büchs, W., 2003. Biodiversity and agri- environmental indicators-general scopes and .1389 . . 1 skills with special reference to the habitat level. . . Agri. Ecosy. Envir., 98 :35-78. . 67 63 3. 14-Chaney, W.; Smith, H. and Carlson , C., 2005. .1387 . . 2 Syrphids (Diptera: Syrphidae) as bio-control agents ( Diptera: Syrphidae ) in organic lettuce on the central coast of California, . USA. 3 rd International Symposium on Syrphidae. 93. 85 2 22 Leiden, the Netherlands. 2–5th September, 41:15-41. . 1379 . 3 15-Chapman, A.D., 2006. Numbers of living . Syrphidae in Australia and world. Cambridge 85 . University Press, Cambridge, UK. 60P. . 16-Dousti, A.F. and Hayat, R., 2006. A catalogue .1382 . 4 of the Syrphidae (Insecta: Diptera) of Iran. J. . Entomol. Res. Soc., Vol. 8, No. 3, pp.5-38. .137 119 3 17-Dusek, J. and Laska, P., 1987. Copulation behavior .1386 . . . 5 and modification of male terminalia in the subfamily . 61 . . Syrphinae (Diptera). Acta Entomol. Bohemoslov. .1340 . 6 84:335–341. . 18-Francis, F.; Haubruge, E.; Colignon, P.; .153 . Hastir, P. and Gaspar, Ch., 2002. Entomologi- .1379 . 7 cal diversity in agro-ecosystems: not necessarily ) (Diptera: Syrphidae ) an ecological desert. Biologie. 72:153-154. . .( 19-Gilbert, F., 1986. . 1st edition. 22. 13 2 10 Naturalist's Hand Books. Cambridge University .1383 . 8 Press. 79P. . . . . 20-Gilbert, F., 1988. The foaring ecology of hoverflies .1381 . 9 (Diptera: Syrphidae). Ecol. Ento. 6:245-262. . Syrphidae 21-Gilbert, F., 1993. Hoverflies. Naturalist's Hand . 131 . Books. Richmond publishing Co. Ltd., Slough, .1380 . 10 UK. 67P. . Syrphidae 22-Krebs, C.J., 2001. Ecological Methodology. . 130 . Version 6. 0. Exeter Software. ( Syrphidae ) .1386 . 11 23-Kuzentsov, S.Yu., 2002. The phylogeny of the . family (Diptera: Syrphidae), in proceedings of . 162 . the 12 th Congress of Russian Entomological 12-Bei–Bienko, G.Y., 1988. Keys to the of Society. 189P. the European part of USSR. Vol. V. Diptera and 24-Macleod, A., 1999. Attraction and retention of Siphonoptera. Vol. 46, No.5, pp.10-148. Episyrphus balteatus DeGeer (Diptera: Syrphidae) at

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an arable field margin with rich and poor floral 33-Sommaggio, D., 1999. Syrphidae: Can they be resources. Agri. Ecosy. Envir., 73:237-244. used as environmental bioindicators? Agri. 25-Mengual, X.; Stahls, G. and Rojo, S., 2008. Ecosys. Envir., 74:343-356. Molecular phylogeny of Allograpta (Diptera: 34-Speight, M.C.D. and Sarthou, J.-P., 2008. StN Syrphidae) reveals diversity of lineages and non- keys for the identification of adult European monophyly of phylophagous taxa. Elsevier Inc. (Diptera). 2008. In : (M.C.D. Speight, E. Castella, 715P. J.-P. Sarthou and C. Monteil eds.). Syrph the net, 26-Peck, L.V., 1988. Family Syrphidae. In : (A. the database of European Syrphidae, pp.56:66. Soós and L. Papp eds.). Catalogue of Palaearctic 35-Speight, M.C.D.; Monteil, C.; Castella, E. and Diptera, 8:11-230. Sarthou, J.P., 2006. StNFerrara 2006. In : (M.C. 27-Pollard, E., 1971. Habitat diversity and crop D. Speight, E. Castella, J.-P. Sarthou, and C. pests: A study of Brevicoryne brassicae and its Monteil Wiens eds.), Syrph theNeton CD, Issue Syrphid predators. J. Appl. Ecol. 8:751-780. 5. The database of European Syrphidae. Dublin: 28-Pluchino, P., 1988. Ditteri Sirfidi raccolti con Syrph the Net Publications. pp.90:337. trappole cromatropiche nella città di verona. Atti 36-Stubbs, A.E. and Falk, S., 1996. British XV Congr. Naz. Ital.Entomol., L’Aquila. pp.763- hoverflies, an illustrated identification guide. 769. British Entomological and Natural History 29-Rotheray, G.E. and Gilbert, F.S., 1989. The Society, Reading. Comprehensive guide to phylogeny and systematic of European British hoverflies, keys to species (including predacious (Diptera: Syrphidae) based on larval some from continental Europe that might be and puparial stages. Zool. J. Linnean Soc., 95: expected to occur here), with biological and 29–70. ecological information . 34P. 30-Rotheray, G. and Gilbert, F., 1999. Phylogeny 37-Tampson, Ch. and Rothery, G., 2000. Family of Palearctic (Diptera: Syrphidae): Evidence Syrphidae In : (L. Papp and B. Darvas eds.) from larval stages. Zool. J. of Linn. Soci., 127:1- Contribution toward a manual of palearctic 112. Diptera. Academic Press Hungry. Budapest. 31-Sack, P., 1932. Syrphidae. In : (E. Lindner ed.). 13:81-139. Die Fliegen der Palearktischen Region IV/6. 38-Vockeroth, J.R., 1969. A revision of the genera Schweizerbart, Stuttgart, 451P. of Syrphini (Diptera: Syrphidae). Memoris 32-Schweiger, O.; Maelfait, J.P.; VanWingerden, W.; Entoml. Soc. Can. 62:1-176. Hendrickx, F.; Billeter, B.; Speelmans, M.; 39-Weems, H.V. Jr., 1954. Natural enemies and Augenstein, I.; Aukema, B.; Aviron, S.; Bailey, insecticides that is detrimental to beneficial D.; Bukacek, R.; Burel, F.; Diekötter, T.; Dirksen, Syrphidae. Ohio J. Sci., 54:45-54. J.; Frenzel, M.; Herzog, F.; Liira, J.; Roubalova, 40-Yeates, D.K.; Wiemann, B.M.; Courtney, G.W.; M. and Bugter, R., 2005. Quantifying the impact of Meier, R.; Lambkin, Ch. and Pape, T., 2007. environmental factors on communities in Phylogeny and systematic of Diptera: Two decades agricultural landscapes across organizational levels of progress and prospects. Zootaxa . 1668:565–590. and spatial scales. J. Appl. Ecol., 42:1129-1139.

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