DOCSLIB.ORG

FAO Fisheries & Aquaculture

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
FAO Fisheries & Aquaculture Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Fisheries and for a world without hunger Aquaculture Department Species Fact Sheets Perna viridis (Linnaeus, 1758) Perna viridis: (click for more) Synonyms Mytilus smaragdinus Chemnitz, 1785 FAO Names En - Green mussel, Fr - Moule verte asiatique, Sp - Mejillón verde. 3Alpha Code: MSV Taxonomic Code: 3161003202 Scientific Name with Original Description Mytilus viridis Linnaeus, 1758. Description of several species of chondropterygious fishes of North America. Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. Edition 10, Tomus 1, Holmiae. 824 pp. Diagnostic Features The shell tapers to a sharp, downturned beak and has a smooth surface covered with a periostracum. The ventral margin of the shell is straight or weakly concave. The ridge which supports the ligament connecting the two shell valves is finely pitted. The beak has interlocking teeth: one in the rigth valve and two in the left. The wavy posterior end of the paleal line and the large kidney-shaped adductor muscle are diagnostic features of this species. Periostracum can be vivid green to dark brownish-green near the outer edge and olive-green near the attachment point. The interior of the shell valves is shiny and pale bluish green. Geographical Distribution FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Launch the Aquatic Species Distribution map viewer This species is widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific region, extending from Japan to New Guinea and from the Persian Gulf to South Pacific Islands (Siddall, 1980). Habitat and Biology Up to 10 m depth.Forms dense populations (up to 35000 individuals per square metre).On a variety of structures including vessels, wharves, mariculture equipment, buoys and other hard substrata.This species is an efficient filter feeder, feeding on small zooplankton, phytoplankton an dother suspended fine organis material. Sexes are separate and fertilisation is external. Spawning generally occurs twice a year between early spring and late autumn (Rajagopal et al., 1998), howeveer, in the Philippines and Thailand spawning occurs year round. Sexual maturity occurs at 15-30 mm shell length. Life spans is about 3 years.Found in estuarine habitats with salinities ranging from 18-33 ppt and temperatures from 11-32 °C (Segnini de Bravo et al.,1998). This species showed a broad salinity and temperature tolerance in experimental testing. Size This species can reach 150 mm. Interest to Fisheries A popular food, the green mussel is harvested in the wild and grown in aquaculture facilities in its native area. FAO's Yearbook of Fishery Statistics reports a range of yearly capture production from around 20550 mt in 1995 to 21520 mt in 1999 (Philippines, Singapore, Thailand). FAO's Yearbook of Fishery Statistics reports a range of yearly aquaculture production from around 69153 mt in 1995 to 68509 mt in 1999 (India, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand). In China, the Philippines, and Malaysia the green mussel is highly prized as food. Perna viridis can have economic, ecological and human health impacts. Economically, it can cause problems with water systems of industrial complexes by clogging pipes, increasing corrosion and reducing efficiency. It is also a problem for vessels: fouling can raise cost for owners due to increased maintenance, decreased fuel FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department efficiency and blocked or damaged internal pipes. Fouling on mariculture equipment alters maintenance routines, harvest times and may restrict water flow thus effecting product quality. Ecologically, P. viridis is able to outcompete many other fouling species (native mussels), causing changes in community structure and trophic relationships. Global Capture Production for species (tonnes) Source: FAO FishStat 200k 100k 0k 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Perna viridis Global Aquaculture Production for species (tonnes) Source: FAO FishStat 400k 300k 200k 100k 0k 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Perna viridis Remarks The green mussel is originally from the Indian and Pacific Oceans, and were first found in the western hemisphere in waters surrounding the Caribbean island of Trinidad in 1990 and then later along the nearby coast of Venezuela in 1993. The first known occurrence of the green mussel in the United States was in Tampa Bay, Florida, during the summer of 1999. Scientists suspect that the method of transportation presumably was as larvae in the sea water ballast tanks of ships (http://www.fcsc.usgs.gov/greenmussel2.pdf). Threat to humans: They can be carriers of diseases and parasites harmful to native species. P. viridis has also been recorded with high levels of accumulated toxins and heavy metals and is linked to shellfish poisoning in FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department humans. Bibliography Poutiers, J. M. - 1998. Bivalves (Acephala, Lamellibranchia: Pellecypoda). In: The living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 1. Seaweeds, corals, bivalves and gastropods. (Carpentier, K. E., Niem, V. H. eds) FAO, Rome, Italy. Rajagopal, S., Venugopalan, V. P, Nair, K.V.K, van der Velde, G, Jenner, H. A. & den Hartog, C - 1998. Reproduction, growth rate and culture potential of the green mussel, Perna viridis (L.) in Edaiyur backwaters, east coast of India. Aquaculture . 162: 187-202.. Segnini de Bravo, M.I, Chung, K.S & Perez, J.E - 1998. Salinity and temperature tolerances of the green and brown mussels, Perna viridis and Perna perna (Bivalvia: Mytilidae). Revista de Biologia Tropical. Supplemento 46(5): 121-126.. Siddall, S.E. - 1980. A clarification of the genus Perna Mytilidae. Bull. Mar. Sci. 30, 858-870.. Sivalingam, P.M. - 1977. Aquaculture of the green mussel, Mytilus viridis Linnaeus in Malaysia. Aquaculture. 11: 297-312.. Vakily, J.M. - 1989. The biology and culture of mussels of the genus Perna. ICLARM Studies and Reviews. 17, 63 .pp. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Effects of Marine Harmful Algal Blooms on Bivalve Cellular Immunity and Infectious Diseases: a Review
    Effects of marine Harmful Algal Blooms on bivalve cellular immunity and infectious diseases: a review Malwenn Lassudrie, Helene Hegaret, Gary Wikfors, Patricia Mirella da Silva To cite this version: Malwenn Lassudrie, Helene Hegaret, Gary Wikfors, Patricia Mirella da Silva. Effects of marine Harm- ful Algal Blooms on bivalve cellular immunity and infectious diseases: a review. Developmental and Comparative Immunology, Elsevier, 2020, 108, pp.103660. 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103660. hal-02880026 HAL Id: hal-02880026 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02880026 Submitted on 24 Jun 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Effects of marine Harmful Algal Blooms on bivalve cellular immunity and infectious diseases: a review Malwenn Lassudrie1, Hélène Hégaret2, Gary H. Wikfors3, Patricia Mirella da Silva4 1 Ifremer, LER-BO, F- 29900 Concarneau, France. 2 CNRS, Univ Brest, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, F-29280, Plouzané, France. 3 NOAA Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Milford, CT 0640 USA. 4 Laboratory of Immunology and Pathology of Invertebrates, Department of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), Paraíba, Brazil. Abstract Bivalves were long thought to be “symptomless carriers” of marine microalgal toxins to human seafood consumers.
    [Show full text]
  • Physiological Effects and Biotransformation of Paralytic
    PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND BIOTRANSFORMATION OF PARALYTIC SHELLFISH TOXINS IN NEW ZEALAND MARINE BIVALVES ______________________________________________________________ A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental Sciences in the University of Canterbury by Andrea M. Contreras 2010 Abstract Although there are no authenticated records of human illness due to PSP in New Zealand, nationwide phytoplankton and shellfish toxicity monitoring programmes have revealed that the incidence of PSP contamination and the occurrence of the toxic Alexandrium species are more common than previously realised (Mackenzie et al., 2004). A full understanding of the mechanism of uptake, accumulation and toxin dynamics of bivalves feeding on toxic algae is fundamental for improving future regulations in the shellfish toxicity monitoring program across the country. This thesis examines the effects of toxic dinoflagellates and PSP toxins on the physiology and behaviour of bivalve molluscs. This focus arose because these aspects have not been widely studied before in New Zealand. The basic hypothesis tested was that bivalve molluscs differ in their ability to metabolise PSP toxins produced by Alexandrium tamarense and are able to transform toxins and may have special mechanisms to avoid toxin uptake. To test this hypothesis, different physiological/behavioural experiments and quantification of PSP toxins in bivalves tissues were carried out on mussels ( Perna canaliculus ), clams ( Paphies donacina and Dosinia anus ), scallops ( Pecten novaezelandiae ) and oysters ( Ostrea chilensis ) from the South Island of New Zealand. Measurements of clearance rate were used to test the sensitivity of the bivalves to PSP toxins. Other studies that involved intoxication and detoxification periods were carried out on three species of bivalves ( P.
    [Show full text]
  • Perna Viridis (Asian Green Mussel)
    UWI The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago Ecology Perna viridis (Asian Green Mussel) Order: Mytiloida (Mussels) Class: Bivalvia (Clams, Oysters and Mussels) Phylum: Mollusca (Molluscs) Fig. 1. Asian green mussel, Perna viridis. [http://www.jaxshells.org/n6948.htm, downloaded 3 April 2015] TRAITS. Perna viridis is a large species of mussel which ranges from 8-16 cm in length. There is no sexual dimorphism as regards their size or other external traits. The shell is smooth and elongated with concentric growth lines. The shell tapers in size as it extends to the anterior (Rajagopal et al., 2006). The ventral margin (hinge) of the shell is long and concave. The periostracum, a thin outer layer, covers the shell. In juveniles, the periostracum has a bright green colour. As the mussel matures to adulthood, the periostracum fades to a dark brown colour with green margins (Fig. 1). The inner surface of the shell is smooth with an iridescent blue sheen (McGuire and Stevely, 2015). The posterior adductor muscle scar is kidney shaped. There are interlocking teeth at the beak. The left valve has two teeth while the right valve has one tooth. The foot is long and flat and specially adapted for vertical movement. The ligamental ridge (hinge) is finely pitted (Sidall, 1980). DISTRIBUTION. They originated in the Indo-Pacific region, mainly dispersed across the Indian and southern Asian coastal regions (Rajagopal et al., 2006). It is an invasive species that has been introduced in the coastal regions of North and South America, Australia, Japan, southern United States and the Caribbean, including Trinidad and Tobago (Fig.
    [Show full text]
  • Studies on the Filtration, Feeding and Excretion Rates in Perna Viridis, Marcia Cor and Crassostrea Gryphoides (Mollusca: Bivalvia) Using P³² Labelled Ankistrodesmes
    Studies on the filtration, feeding and excretion rates in Perna viridis, Marcia cor and Crassostrea gryphoides (Mollusca: Bivalvia) using P³² labelled Ankistrodesmes Item Type article Authors Zehra, I.; Qadeer, S.; Naqvi, I.I. Download date 26/09/2021 16:31:28 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/1834/31903 Pakistan Journal of Marine Sciences, Vol.2(2), 101-112, 1993. STUDIES ON THE FILTRATION, FEEDING AND EXCRETION RATES IN PERNA VIRIDIS, MARCIA COR AND CRASSOSTREA . GRYPHOIDES (MOLLUSCA: BIVALVIA) USING p32 LABELLEDANKISTRODESMES ltrat Zebra, Shagufta Qadeer and Iftildtar Imam N aqvi Centre of Excellence in Marine Biology, University of Karachi (IZ); Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi (SQ,IIN), KaraGhi-75270, Pakistan ABSTRACT: The study deals with a series of experiments to investigate feeding and excretion in three species of bivalves:Perna viridis (Linne),Marcia cor (Sowerby) and Crassostrea g1yphoides (Gould) fromManora Channel, 32 Karachi. Bivalves were fed with suspensions of Ankistrodesmes labelled with P . These animals showed a considerable variation in the average filtration rates depending upon species and the body length. Exceptionally high conten~ of_the p 32 int_roduced with Ankistr~d~smes, ~~t. excreted as pseudofaeces and t~eces w~thiti t~rst three d~ys followmg 1ts absorptwn as a meal. 11w ass1mllated p- 1s partly released as faecal matenal and Its maJor proportiOn is directly transferred to the solution. As expected the gonad and kidney are the main organs found responsible for excretion as compared to other body parts. Although, the assimilated P32 is mostly concentrated in the digestive glands, the results also show a significant presence ofP32 in the gonads.
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSITY of KERALA Zoology Core Course
    1 UNIVERSITY OF KERALA First Degree Programme in Zoology Choice Based Credit and Semester System Zoology Core Course Syllabus-2015 Admission Onwards 2 FIRST DEGREE PROGRAMME IN ZOOLOGY Scheme of Instruction and Evaluation Course Study Components Instructional Credit Duration Evaluation Total Code Hrs/week of Univ. Credit T P Exam CE ESE Semster EN1111 English I 5 4 3 Hrs 20% 80% 1111 Additional language I 4 3 3 Hrs 20% 80% EN 1121 Foundation course I 4 2 3 Hrs 20% 80% CH1131.4 Complementary course I 2 2 3 Hrs 20% 80% Complementary course I 2 16 I Practical of CH1131.4 BO1131 Complementary course II 2 2 3 Hrs 20% 80% Complementary course II 2 Practical of BO1131 ZO1141 Core Course I 3 3 3 Hrs 20% 80% Core Course Practical of ZO1141 1 EN1211 English II 4 3 3 Hrs 20% 80% EN1212 English III 5 4 3 Hrs 20% 80% 1211 Additional language II 4 3 3 Hrs 20% 80% CH1231.4 Complementary course III 2 2 3 Hrs 20% 80% II Complementary course III 2 Practical of CH1231.4 17 BO1231 Complementary course IV 2 2 3 Hrs 20% 80% Complementary course II 2 Practical of BO1231 ZO1241 Core Course II 3 3 3 Hrs 20% 80% Core Course Practical of ZO1241 1 III EN1311 English IV 5 4 3 Hrs 20% 80% EN1312 Additional language III 5 4 3 Hrs 20% 80% CH1331 Complementary course V 3 3 3 Hrs 20% 80% CH1331.4 Complementary course V 2 Practical of CH1331.4 BO1331 Complementary course VI 3 3 3 Hrs 20% 80% 17 BO1332 Complementary course VI 2 Practical of BO1331 ZO1341 Core Course III 3 3 3 Hrs 20% 80% ZO1341 Core Course Practical of ZO1341 2 IV EN1411 English V 5 4 3 Hrs 20% 80% EN1411 Additional language II 5 4 3 Hrs 20% 80% CH1431.4 Complementary course VII 3 3 3 Hrs 20% 80% CH1432.4 Complementary course 2 4 3 Hrs 20% 80% Practical of CH1131.4, CH1231.4, CH1331.4, CH1431.4.
    [Show full text]
  • Asian Green Mussel (Perna Viridis)
    Prohibited marine pest BoaAsian constrictor green mussel South East Asian box turtle CallCall BiosecurityBiosecurity Queensland Queensland immediately on 13 on25 13 23 25 if 23 you if you see see this this pestspecies Call Biosecurity Queensland on 13 25 23 if you see this pest Asian green mussel (Perna viridis) • It is illegal to import, keep, breed or sell Asian green mussels in Queensland. • Asian green mussels can out-compete native species. • They are introduced via ships’ ballast water, hulls and internal seawater systems. • They have a bright green juvenile shell and a dark green to brown adult shell. • They have a smooth exterior with concentric growth rings. • Early detection helps protect Queensland’s natural environment. Description The Asian green mussel is a large mussel 8–16 cm long. Juveniles have a distinctive bright green shell, which fades to brown with green edges in adults. The exterior surface of the shell is smooth with concentric growth rings and a slightly concave abdominal margin. The inner surface of the shell is smooth with an iridescent pale blue to green hue. The ridge, which supports the ligament connecting the two shell valves, is finely pitted. The beak has interlocking teeth—one in the right valve, two in the left. Characteristic features of this species include a wavy posterior and a large kidney-shaped abductor muscle. Pest risk The Asian green mussel a prohibited marine animal under the Biosecurity Act 2014. Prohibited species must be reported immediately to Biosecurity Queensland on 13 25 23. Fouls hard surfaces, including vessel hulls, seawater systems, industrial intake pipes, wharves, artificial substrates and buoys.
    [Show full text]
  • Perna Indica (Kuriakose & Nair, 1976)
    Perna indica (Kuriakose & Nair, 1976)* Biji Xavier IDENTIFICATION Order : Mytilida Family : Mytilidae Common/FAO Name (English) : Brown mussel (Linnaeus, 1758) as per Wood et al., 2007. Local namesnames: Kallumakkai, Kadukka (MalayalamMalayalam) Perna perna MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION Brown mussels as the name suggests have brown coloured shells. They have elongate, equivalved and equilateral shells with pointed and straight anterior end. Dorsal ligamental margin and ventral shell margin are straight. The two valves of the shell are hinged at the anterior end with terminal umbo. Interior of shell is lustrous with muscle scar deeply impressed. It has a finger shaped, thick and extensible foot. Byssus threads emanate from the byssus stem and the threads are long, thick and strong with a well developed attachment disc at their distal end. It can change its position by discarding old byssus threads and secreting new ones. Source of image : Molluscan Fisheries Division, CMFRI, Kochi * 189 PROFILE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION The mussel beds are spread both in west coast (Quilon to Cape Comorin) and east coast (Cape Comorin to Thiruchendur). Important centres are Cape Comorin, Colachal, Muttom, Poovar, Vizhinjam, Kovalam, Varkalai and Quilon. HABITAT AND BIOLOGY The species forms dense populations along the rocky coasts from the intertidal region to depths of 10 m. Large sized individuals are found at 0.5 to 2 m depth. Maximum recorded length is 121 mm. Sexes are separate and fertilization is external. Natural spawning starts in May and lasts till September with peak during July to August. Prioritized species for Mariculture in India 190 PRODUCTION SYSTEMS BREEDING IN CAPTIVE CONDITIONS The breeding and larval rearing of Perna indica was successfully carried out on an experimental basis at Vizhinjam R.
    [Show full text]
  • Computational Modelling of Wet Adhesive Mussel Foot Proteins (Bivalvia): Insights Into the Evolutionary Convolution in Diverse Perspectives P
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Computational modelling of wet adhesive mussel foot proteins (Bivalvia): Insights into the evolutionary convolution in diverse perspectives P. P. Anand & Y. Shibu Vardhanan Underwater adhesion in mussels (Bivalvia) is an extreme adaptation to achieve robust and frm wet adhesion in the freshwater/brackish/ocean, which biochemically shaped through millions of years. The protein-based adhesion has huge prospective in various felds like industry, medical, etc. Currently, no comprehensive records related to the systematic documentation of structural and functional properties of Mussel foot proteins (Mfps). In this study, we identifed the nine species of bivalves in which the complete sequence of at least one adhesive protein is known. The insilico characterization revealed the specifc physio-chemical structural and functional characters of each Mfps. The evolutionary analyses of selected bivalves are mainly based on Mfps, Mitogenome, and TimeTree. The outcome of the works has great applications for designing biomimetic materials in future. Some groups of mussels are capable to produce proteinaceous glue- like sticky material known as byssus thread made by an array of foot proteins (fps). Tis byssus contains mainly four parts i.e. Plaque, thread, stem, and root. Individual threads proximally merged together to form stem and base of the stem (root) deeply anchored at the base of animal foot. Each byssus threads terminating distally with a fattened plaque which mediates adhesion to the substratum1–4. Each part of the byssus thread complex formed by the auto-assembly of secretory products originating from four distinct glands enclosed in the mussel foot4,5. Tese mussel foot protein (Mfps), mastered the ability to binding the diverse substratum by using adhesive plaques.
    [Show full text]
  • First Record of the Mediterranean Mussel Mytilus Galloprovincialis (Bivalvia, Mytilidae) in Brazil
    ARTICLE First record of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis (Bivalvia, Mytilidae) in Brazil Carlos Eduardo Belz¹⁵; Luiz Ricardo L. Simone²; Nelson Silveira Júnior³; Rafael Antunes Baggio⁴; Marcos de Vasconcellos Gernet¹⁶ & Carlos João Birckolz¹⁷ ¹ Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Centro de Estudos do Mar (CEM), Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada e Bioinvasões (LEBIO). Pontal do Paraná, PR, Brasil. ² Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Museu de Zoologia (MZUSP). São Paulo, SP, Brasil. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1397-9823. E-mail: [email protected] ³ Nixxen Comercio de Frutos do Mar LTDA. Florianópolis, SC, Brasil. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8037-5141. E-mail: [email protected] ⁴ Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Departamento de Zoologia (DZOO), Laboratório de Ecologia Molecular e Parasitologia Evolutiva (LEMPE). Curitiba, PR, Brasil. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8307-1426. E-mail: [email protected] ⁵ ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2381-8185. E-mail: [email protected] (corresponding author) ⁶ ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5116-5719. E-mail: [email protected] ⁷ ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7896-1018. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. The genus Mytilus comprises a large number of bivalve mollusk species distributed throughout the world and many of these species are considered invasive. In South America, many introductions of species of this genus have already taken place, including reports of hybridization between them. Now, the occurrence of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis is reported for the first time from the Brazilian coast. Several specimens of this mytilid were found in a shellfish growing areas in Florianópolis and Palhoça, Santa Catarina State, Brazil.
    [Show full text]
  • The Last Alien Reaching Sicily: Isognomon Legumen (Gmelin, 1791) (Mollusca Bivalvia Isognomonidae)
    Biodiversity Journal, 2019, 10 (4): 337–342 https://doi.org/10.31396/Biodiv.Jour.2019.10.4.337.342 The last alien reaching Sicily: Isognomon legumen (Gmelin, 1791) (Mollusca Bivalvia Isognomonidae) Danilo Scuderi1 & Alfio Viola2 1I.I.S.S. “E. Majorana”, via L. Capuana 36, 95048 Scordia, Catania, Italy: [email protected] 2Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali, Sezione di Scienze della Terra, Palazzo Ramondetta, Corso Italia 57, Catania, Italy; e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The finding of some living specimens of an alien bivalve of the genus Isognomon Lightfoot, 1786 (Mollusca Bivalvia Isognomonidae) attached to rocks is here reported in Sicily for the first time. This is the last of a series of numerous finding of alien molluscs reports in the same area, for which a human-mediated model was supposed. An attempt to indicate the age of the specimens are here furnished on the basis of the number of byssus filaments. Some further environmental notes underline how in recent times these alien species seem better integrated inside the indigenous benthic communities in the Southern Mediterranean coasts, being better allowed in the first settlement by the recent climatic changes and resulting ecologically well organized and structured as in the tropical environments of provenance. KEY WORDS Alien species; Mediterranean; invasive species; Sicily; Bivalves; Mollusca; Isognomon. Received 13.09.2019; accepted 21.11.2019; published online 11.12.2019 INTRODUCTION ships, whose traffic is more increased today (Zibro- wius, 1992). Due to the high increased number of alien spe- In the Mediterranean Sea two species of Isogno- cies signalled in the Mediterranean Sea, in the last mon Lightfoot, 1786 (Mollusca Bivalvia Isogno- decades the tropicalization in marine environments monidae) are reported: I.
    [Show full text]
  • Detection of the Tropical Mussel Species Perna Viridis in Temperate Western Australia: Possible Association Between Spawning and a Marine Heat Pulse
    Aquatic Invasions (2012) Volume 7, Issue 4: 483–490 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/ai.2012.7.4.005 Open Access © 2012 The Author(s). Journal compilation © 2012 REABIC Research Article Detection of the tropical mussel species Perna viridis in temperate Western Australia: possible association between spawning and a marine heat pulse Justin I. McDonald Western Australian Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, PO Box 20, North Beach, Western Australia 6920 E-mail: [email protected] Received: 17 April 2012 / Accepted: 6 October 2012 / Published online: 10 October 2012 Handling editor: David Wong, State University of New York at Oneonta, USA Abstract In April 2011 a single individual of the invasive mussel Perna viridis was detected on a naval vessel while berthed in the temperate waters of Garden Island, Western Australia (WA). Further examination of this and a nearby vessel revealed a small founder population that had recently established inside one of the vessel’s sea chests. Growth estimates indicated that average size mussels in the sea chest were between 37.1 and 71 days old. Back calculating an ‘establishment date’ from these ages placed an average sized animal’s origins in the summer months of January 2011 to March 2011. This time period corresponded with an unusual heat pulse that occurred along the WA coastline resulting in coastal waters >3 ºC above normal. This evidence of a spawning event for a tropical species in temperate waters highlights the need to prepare for more incursions of this kind given predictions of climate change. Key words: Perna viridis; spawning; climate change; invasive species; heat pulse Introduction as an invasive species and it is consequently one of the most commonly encountered invasive Anthropogenically induced climate change and species detected on vessels entering Western non-indigenous species introductions are Australian waters.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigation of Environmental Tolerances of the Invasive Green Mussel, Perna Viridis, to Predict the Potential Spread in Southwest Florida
    Investigation of Environmental Tolerances of the Invasive Green Mussel, Perna viridis, to Predict the Potential Spread in Southwest Florida KATIE MCFARLAND, MOLLY RYBOVICH, ASWANI K. VOLETY F L O R I D A GULF COAST UNIVERSITY, MARINE AND ECOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 10501 FGCU BLVD, FORT M Y E R S , FL Invasion of the Green Mussel Native to the Indo-Pacific (Vakily, 1989) Subtidal Tropical to subtropical First observed in Tampa Bay in 1999 (Benson et al., 2011; Ingrao et al., 2001) Ballast water and/or biofouling from ships coming to port from the Caribbean Free swimming larval stage has allowed for a rapid spread throughout Southwest Florida including Estero Bay Invasive species can pose a serious threat to ecosystems and infrastructure Biofouling organisms coat boat hulls, docks and pilings Compete with local bivalves for substrate and food Competition with Oysters Oysters form permanent 3-dimensional habitat essential to many economically and ecologically important species of fish and crab Oyster reefs form natural break walls that help prevent erosion and increase sedimentation Green mussels form more of a 2-dimensional mat over hard substrate and disarticulate upon death Tampa Bay observed a nearly 50% displacement of the oyster population upon the arrival of the green mussel (Baker et al., 2006) While locally green mussels are currently primarily found in the more marine portions of the estuary, some isolated individuals have been found on reefs within the bay Local Watershed and Environmental Characteristics • Shallow estuaries
    [Show full text]