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Architectural Study Collections Material Worthy of a Second Life VOLUME 16 • NO

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Architectural Study Collections Material Worthy of a Second Life VOLUME 16 • NO Architectural Study Collections Material Worthy of A Second Life VOLUME 16 • NO. 8 Emogene A. Bevitt 19 9 3 n their first lives, structures that are now historic were envi­ sioned, designed, crafted, assembled, and, most importantly, Thematic occupied over long periods of time. For a variety of reasons, including inherent design flaws and construction, changes due to Issue owner whim or neglect, natural disasters, or the changing eco­ Inomic needs of a community, features crumble; an entire building is razed. At the end of the first life, a second life may begin based solely on remaining material fragments. Sometimes they are the only surviving pieces from a structure that had stood for several genera­ tions. Or, if the effects of time and weather have required the removal of a single fea­ ture, it can now be preserved in a less harsh environment. Collectively, these features, materials, and finishes have many stories to tell as they provide a tangible link with the people who designed, crafted, and used them over time. Study collections offer new life for significant ele­ ments that were integral to a structure, but are now only artifacts. These artifacts vary in size from entire facades, large carved columns or cornices, to tiny chips of paint or pieces of the mortar found between bricks. Whether the artifacts are sheltered by muse­ ums or private offices and individuals, today anyone who has an interest in historic structures can learn much from them. (Second Life—continued on page 3) Cultural Resources Management Information for Parks, Federal Agencies, Indian Tribes, States, Local Governments and the Private Sector U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Cultural Resources Contents Architectural Study Collections 1 Material Worthy of A Second Life Emogene A. Bevitt VOLUME 16 • NO. 8 Colonial Williamsburg's Architectural Fragments 5 ISSN 1068-4999 Roberta G. Reid Published by the National SPNEA's Architectural Elements Collection 7 Park Service to promote Shantia Anderheggen and maintain high standards for preserving and managing cultural The Collection at Independence NHP 9 resources. Source of Information "Not Found in Books" Director John Marks Roger G. Kennedy Associate Director The Care of Architectural Collections 12 Jerry L. Rogers A Research Project at the Smithsonian Editor Catherine Anderson Ronald M. Greenberg Production Manager English Heritage's New Study Centre 14 Karlota M. Koester Julius J.V. Bryant Guest Editor Emogene A. Bevitt Curatorial Concerns with Architectural Collections 15 John Maounis Advisors David Andrews Elizabeth Banks Editor, NPS Joan Bacharach Museum Registrar, NPS Artifacts in Architectural Study Collections as Seen from Different Points of View Randall J. Biallas Historical Architect, NPS John A. Burns The Viewpoint of a Craftsman Architect, NPS The Old Merchant's House Ceiling Medallions 18 Harry A. Butowsky Historian, NPS David Flaharty Pratt Cassity Executive Director, National Alliance of The Viewpoint of an Architectural Historian Preservation Commissions Residential Casement Windows 19 Muriel Crespi Cultural Anthropologist, NIS Kathleen Catalano Milley Craig W. Davis Archeologist, NPS The Viewpoint of a Historical Architect Mark R. Edwards Deputy State Historic Salvaged Artifacts: The Lessons They Offer 20 Preservation Officer, Maryland Lee H. Nelson Bruce W. Fry Chief of Research Puhlications National Historic Sites The Viewpoint of an Engineer Canadian Parks Service Uses of Structural Artifacts in an Engineering Office 21 John Hnedak Architectural Historian, NPS Robert Silman H. Ward Jandl Architectural Historian, NPS The Viewpoint of an Interpreter Roger E. Kelly Archeologist, NPS Building the Story 23 Antoinette J. Lee Corky Mayo Historian, NPS John Poppeliers International Liaison Officer for Cultural Resources, NPS Useful Teaching Aids 24 Brit Allan Storey John D. Milner Historian, Bureau of Reclamation Federal Preservation Forum Ce/ifrihidhig Editors The Ethical Implications of Starting a Collection 26 Stephen A. Morris Kay Weeks Certified Local Governments (CLG) Coordinator, NPS Bruce Craig WINDOWS THROUGH TIME: An Exhibit 28 Cultural Resources Coordinator National Parks and Conservation Association Cover: Capital and lion, Sheet Metal Craftsmanship, National Building Museum, Washington, DC, 1988, photos by Lois Considfiiiifs Brownstein; from collection at Independence National Historical Park (INHP) Philadelphia, PA—mantelpiece photo by Lee H. Nelson, 1988; lath and exhibit panel, See What they Sawed exhibit, 1970, photos by George Eisenman, courtesy Michael G. Schene Historian, NPS INHP. Kay D. Weeks Send articles, news items, and correspondence to the Editor, CRM (400), U.S. Department of the Interior, Technical Writer-Editor, NPS National Park Service, Cultural Resources, P.O. Box 37127, Washington, DC 20013-7127; (202-343-3395). 2 1993 No. 8 lenges faced are common to any collection regardless of Material Worthy of size could prove encouraging to all. If this issue of CRM generates renewed interest and more sharing of informa­ a Second Life tion on this topic, then individual successes, if reported (continued from page 1) in future issues of CRM, could well become collective successes on a fairly large scale. The information in this issue of CRM is only a small Each of the contributing authors shares information part of what can potentially be learned, discussed, debat­ about the strengths of an individual collection and the ed, and shared. The potential exists as never before for ways in which this material has proven its usefulness in individuals with backgrounds in science and the humani the past. Each is working to develop databases to be able ties to combine efforts to establish and document how a to retrieve and compare information and objects. Each building system performed, why it failed, how an ele­ reflects a growing, collective awareness of the need to ment was crafted and units assembled, what tools were provide improved care for these objects despite the sig­ used, how materials were selected and why one was nificant challenges that exist in storing, documenting, selected instead of another. The answers to these ques­ labeling, managing, and caring for them. tions can save money, time, and effort in assuring the In writing about the collection at Colonial Williams­ long-term preservation of a burg, which was initiated in the structure. 1930s with enthusiasm and great Some artifacts are assem­ hope, Roberta Reid describes the blages of materials—each present-day challenges that are reacting differently to humidi­ being addressed with painstaking ty, heat, moisture, and each effort. Shantia Anderheggen other—that are not easy to describes the history of the collec­ handle, move, care for, or tion of the Society for the store. Because they have varied Preservation of New England so much in size and shape, and Antiquities (SPNEA), located in because buildings and their Boston, that was founded in 1910 components are often thought by William Sumner Appleton. to be more durable than other Documentation is a hallmark of types of artifacts, architectural their collection and has been study collections have not since its inception. In his descrip­ always received curation and tion of the architectural study col­ conservation care according to lection at Independence National museum standards. Perhaps Historical Park, in Philadelphia, the most common problem fac­ as a source of information "not ing these artifacts is the fact found in books," John Marks that collections were initiated shows a collection begun in 1951 to gain immediate knowledge that has been a resource for both and preserving them in perpe­ exhibits and research ever since. tuity or including them in a Catherine Anderson shares museum collection was not some perceptions and observa­ considered. Many organiza­ tions gathered from visiting sev­ tions that have architectural eral architectural collections to study collections have begun better understand the state-of- to grapple with the challenges the-art in curating and conserv­ such collections afford. ing these artifacts. She also pre­ sents some tantalizing glimpses Challenges of Collecting of the extensive collection held by Fig. 2. The exhibit provides a sampling of architectural details such as the National Museum of This issue of CRM presents cornices, pilasters, wainscotting, architraves, and newelposts from his American History of the toric structures in the Charleston area. Exhibit from the Frances R. information to help the reader Edmunds Center for Historic Preservation, Charleston, SC. Photo by Smithsonian Institution. For both to better understand why such Lee H. Nelson, FAIA. contrast and comparison, Julius collections are important and Bryant describes English what kind of information can be learned from artifacts Heritage's architectural study collections which date that cannot be learned any other way. If preservationists back to 1903 and announces the recent opening of an were to think of architectural study collections, they Architectural Study Centre in London. After learning would likely think of one of the major collections covered more about these specific collections, John Maounis and in the articles that follow. With the exception of the Liz Banks offer a thoughtful introduction to curatorial Smithsonian, each collection represents a distinct region concerns. (figure 2) and specific time frame. While these are large While in one way or another each author points out the collections—with over 200 collections
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