ISSN 2372-2517 (Online), ISSN 2372-2479 (Print) METALEPTEAMETALEPTEA THE NEWSLETTER OF THE ORTHOPTERISTS’ SOCIETY
TABLE OF CONTENTS President’s Message (Clicking on an article’s title will take you By DAVID HUNTER to the desired page) President [email protected] [1] PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE [2] SOCIETY NEWS ear Society members, [2] OS Board Meeting Report at ICO2019 compiled by D. HUNTER After a very successful [5] Save the date: ECOCIII/DGfO ICO in Agadir, the plans 19-22 March 2020 by L. WILLEMSE [5] Announcing TETTIGONIIDAE are for the next Congress (Orthoptera) Species of Argentina and DD to be in Paris during Uruguay by H. BRAUN & G.E. ZUBARÁN 2022. I draw your attention to the re- [6] Polyneoptera Organized Meeting at 2019 ESA Meeting: “Small Orders, Big port of Board Meeting held in Agadir Ideas” by D.A. WOLLER ET AL. found later in this issue, which has de- [6] Reminder: Call for speakers for tails of initial plans for the Paris meet- ICE2020 by D.A. WOLLER ET AL. ing. The Board thanks the Officers of [7] New Book: A Guide to Crickets of Australia by D. RENTZ & Y. N. SU the Society and Regional Represen- [7] New Book: Grasshoppers & Crickets of tatives whose combined efforts are Italy by C. IORIO ET AL. taking our Society forward. The Trea- [8] IN MEMORIAM [8] Carlos S. Carbonell (December 22, surer’s Report shows that we are in a 1917 to August 15, 2019) by M.M. strong financial position because of CIGLIANO ET AL. the very generous donations by one of [10] REGIONAL REPORTS [10] Japan by H. TATSUTA our past Presidents, the late Ted Cohn, his 90s. I must admit that my wife and [11] Latin America by M.E. POCCO that allow us to provide many Grants I were amazed at his vigour during the [12] China by L. ZHANG and Awards as well as provide funds post-congress tour in Turkey a decade [14] Australasia by M. KEARNY for operational matters including the [15] T.J. COHN GRANT REPORTS ago, may we all aspire to such a long [15] Integrative taxonomy of the endemic very important move of the Journal of and productive life! Karoo agile grasshoppers, the Euryphymi- Orthoptera Research to open access. I see that the Desert locust is having nae (Acrididae) by P. TSHILILO The work of the JOR editor Corey [16] Signal loss and compensation in an outbreak again and there are some Pacific field cricket Teleogryllus oceanicus Bazelet, with able assistance from swarms in Argentina, with outbreaks by M. KOTA Nancy Morris, has been instrumental in Italy, Central Asia, China…more [18] Are the phallic complexes of Pygmy in ensuring that JOR continues to go than enough to keep orthopterists grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Caelifera: Tet- from strength to strength as a place rigidae) useful in taxonomy? Preliminary busy for the foreseeable future. I hope resultss by D. SANTOS MARTINS SILVA for research articles on Orthoptera. you had a most productive summer [21] Studying locust phase polyphenism And our society is very much in debt season (winter for us in the southern of the Central American locust: tales from to David Eades and the University of the field by B. FOQUET hemisphere!) continuing the success- [25] OSF GRANT REPORTS Illinois Foundation for their generous ful work of many as seen from the [25] Digitization of the world’s largest col- support of the OSF, recently updated most interesting reports in this issue lection of Rhaphidophoridae at the ZIN, to TaxonWorks, a valuable addition to of the newsletter. So, it is with great St. Petersburg by F. BILLMAIER [27] Contribution of distributional and the work of our Society. pleasure I present another excellent taxonomical data of Mantodea species It is with sadness that I announce Metaleptea, thanks once again to the and photos of live individuals from West the recent loss of one of our great tireless efforts of Hojun Song and Central Africa by N. MOULIN [29] EDITORIAL orthopterists, Carlos Carbonell, after a Derek A. Woller: enjoy! long and productive career lasting into
Volume 39 (3) / September 2019 1 METALEPTEA The Orthopterists’ Society Board Meeting ICO2019, Agadir, Morocco, 28 March 2019 (16:35-19:00) Compiled by DAVID HUNTER President [email protected]
1. Welcome from Chair David OSF Officer:María Marta Cigliano into bonds and $20K into cash as a Hunter Manager, The Ted Cohn Research reserve for use in case the declines Fund: Michel Lecoq in the stock market are so great that 2. Apologies: Corey Bazelet, David OS Site Webmaster: Derek A. the amount we have declines below Rentz Woller the initial investments. The overall OS Site Associate Webmaster: Any investment strategy is consistent with 3. Next OS Congress: Congress volunteers? Ted Cohn’s wishes expressed during Organizing Committee: María the 1990s: a diverse portfolio between Marta Cigliano, Michel Lecoq 5. Welcome to our new President stocks, bonds, and cash, including Elect Axel Hochkirch moving some of gains to less risky Presentation: Paris 2022 by Laure investments. The main investments Desutter Axel Hochkirch was welcomed are both diverse and sophisticated in Paris is clearly a wonderful site for by the board as the new President that there are over a dozen different the 2022 Congress: Paris has fantas- Elect. He expressed his thanks for streams, including some stock funds tic ambience, it is very accessible, the confidence put in him and gave a chosen to maximize dividends while and the Museum has offered meeting short overview of his vision, which others aim for increases in value. rooms at no cost. Of course, Paris is to strengthen collaboration among Currently, the OS has 70% of invest- can be expensive, but the proposal orthopterists in the world. He also ments in stock mutual funds with a is to have the meeting outside peak mentioned some specific plans, such range of degrees of risk and 30% in season - during the student holiday as raising the profile of theJournal of bonds that normally carry less risk period in late October 2022. There Orthoptera Research and introducing than stocks. If we keep the stock to are lots of accommodations at a price a new section in Metaleptea where bond ratio at 70:30, we will be mov- suitable for students. Laure agreed to members of the society introduce ing money from stocks to bonds when investigate Airbnb and hotel prices in themselves and why they started to the market is doing well to ensure we seeking a package deal for the latter study Orthoptera. have adequate funds when there is a since we could expect 200 or even downturn. 250 persons to come to a Congress in 6. Treasurer’s Report 2019 Pamm The Board passed a resolution in Paris. Next steps include a formal pro- Mihm Brazil in 2016 that we can spend 3% posal for a Congress in Paris outlining per year and a maximum of 6% over advantages including ways of keeping Following the very generous dona- 3 years. We went above the 6% this costs to reasonable levels. tions of $1.24 million by Ted Cohn year with board approval. We propose in early and late 2014, the Orthopter- that of the total investment balance 4. Officers of the Orthopterists’ ists’ Society has total investments of (calculated from the balance at the Society $1.487M as of February 28, 2019. beginning and end of the year divided This is up from $1.374M as of De- by 2), we take 3% per year to be used President: David Hunter cember 31, 2018 and $141,000 above for current OS expenses, as well as Past President: Alexandre the 2013-14 beginning investments. some set aside to cover expenses as- Latchininsky The current balance is after taking out sociated with the next Congress. The President Elect: Axel Hochkirch $108K for expenses between 2015 to Board approved this change, which Executive Director: Mohamed 2017 and another $136K during 2018, means there would be a ceiling on Abdellahi Ould Babah EBBE two-thirds of which was for the Con- spending of 9% instead of 6% over 3 Treasurer: Pamm Mihm gress. At one point the value of our in- years. JOR Editor: Corey Bazelet vestments was $230K higher, but the The Orthopterists’ Society earned JOR Associate Editor: Nancy Morris recent volatility in the stock market dividends of $42,263, net of foreign Metaleptea Editor: Hojun Song has led to declines. However, before taxes, in 2018. Three percent of total Metaleptea Associate Editor: Derek the volatility (which is inevitable investments calculated as stated above A. Woller from time to time), we put aside $50K is $44,900. We do need to be mind- Volume 39 (3) / September 2019 2 METALEPTEA ful when deciding whether to take on and success of the journal. In October The work of Piotr Naskrecki in extra projects while the OS has a nice 2017, Pensoft submitted an impact maintaining the OS website (orthsoc. investment balance because we would factor application to Clarivate Analyt- org) over a number of years has been like to stay within the parameters we ics (Thomson Reuters), and we hope much-appreciated and, last year, I set to preserve principal for future to receive a response by 2020. How- agreed to take on these duties. At the years. ever, this process is non-transparent, Board Meeting, I gave a comprehen- and we are not sure of exact timelines. sive report on my migrating of the 7. Membership report and pay- Towards this goal, I, together with look/feel of the old website to a Word ment methods Pamm Mihm & Nancy Morris, the editorial assistant, Press platform. Some things still need David Hunter and the team of 13 subject editors, to be done, such as integration of the continue to work hard to ensure membership database. Please check it We have members from over 50 consistent publication of two issues out and if you have comments/ideas countries, some of which have pre- annually containing high-quality sci- please let me know! ferred ways of transferring money, entific articles on a variety of subjects so we have set up six ways of paying related to Orthoptera and allies. We 11. Feedback from Regional Repre- membership dues: have steadily increased the number of sentatives and global represen- 1,2. You can use the OS site to articles published per year since 2014, tation pay either by 1. PayPal or 2. credit publishing 23 articles in 2018, which card approaches JOR’s average of 24 Hojun Song mentioned the impor- 3. Bank transfer articles published annually per year tance of a report to Metaleptea at least 4. Pay cash to our treasurer at the since 1992. once a year from each regional repre- Congress, who collected $1,085 in sentative as a way of letting everyone 2019 Pensoft know what is happening in their area. 5. Check in USD sent to our trea- Publication of JOR with Pensoft There are Guidelines for regional rep- surer has so far been fruitful. JOR has a resentatives and these will be circu- 6. Person in your region collects new website hosted by Pensoft at lated to all representatives soon. funds, sends them to the treasurer as a http://jor.pensoft.net. This website lump sum: avoids fees being nearly as has detailed instructions to authors, • North America – Welcome to much as dues at times. links to OSF and the Orthopterists’ Kathleen King Society website, and links to journal • Central and South America – 8. Metaleptea Hojun Song social media accounts on Facebook Marcos Lhano: suggested that and Twitter. Pensoft’s public relations someone else take over and we With able assistance from Derek team manages the JOR Twitter ac- welcome Martina E. Pocco as our Woller, I have been able to continu- count, which has many followers and new representative for this region ously publish 3 issues per year (Janu- does a very good job of marketing the • West Europe - Gerlind Lehmann ary, May, September) in a timely man- journal. All articles published in JOR North and Central Asia, & East ner. The content of Metaleptea comes now appear online as soon as they are Europe - Michael Sergeev from the members: Ted Cohn grant ready and are freely accessible to the • Middle East - Caucasus – Bat- reports, OSF grant reports, regional public. Articles can be viewed in three tal Çiplak commented that there reports, meeting reports, and member- formats – pdf, html, and xml – with are only a few members in this contributed articles. Following the some very handy features for navi- region, many of whom have been completion of their work, some have gating taxa, figures and tables, and difficult to contact needed to be reminded to send in references. Online submission and • China, North Korea, South reports. We have not heard from some the editorial review process are done Korea, & Taiwan – Long Zhang: regional representatives for a long through ARPHA, Pensoft’s online the Committee of Orthopteroidea time and getting their reports remains submission system, which is profes- was founded at the Entomologi- a challenge. sional and user-friendly for all editors, cal Society of China meeting in reviewers, and authors. Articles are Chengdu China during August 9. JOR Corey Bazelet (presented a being viewed often and the switch to 2018, with Dr. Zhang as its direc- Board Meeting by David Hunter) Pensoft has helped to boost the profile tor. This committee consists of of the journal. 37 members from throughout My main goal as editor is to get an China and aims to promote educa- impact factor for JOR, which will 10. OS website Derek A. Woller tion about and academic progress help to ensure the long-term survival of Orthopteroidea, including their Volume 39 (3) / September 2019 3 METALEPTEA conservation and management to the OSF Committee. EBBE. • Japan – Haruki Tatsuta: has con- Committees need to be set up for tacted a number of orthopterists 13. Awards and Grants David each of the remaining Grants and Aw who have joined us Hunter ards: • South Asia – Rohini Balakrish- • Travel Grants to Congress: nan: outlined some of the areas During the past year we provided were just over $15,000 for 2019 where orthopterists are working in about $40K in Awards and Grants: ICO. India, which has been made into a these are funded from the earnings • Ted Cohn Award for Excellence report for Metaleptea of the Ted Cohn gifts (except for the as a Young Professional Or- • North, Sahelian, & West Africa Uvarov Award). The Board has made thopterist: two Awards of $2,500 – Welcome to Amina Idrissi a number of suggestions regarding with certificates presented at each • East Africa – Claudia Hemp Rules for Grants and Awards: Congress. • Central & Southern Africa – a. The Awards and Grants are open • D. C. F. Rentz Award for Life- Vanessa Couldridge only to members of the Orthopterists’ time Dedication to Orthoptera: • Australia, New Zealand, and Society. Awards with certificates presented Pacific Islands – Welcome to b. Each Award has a Commit- at each Congress. Michael Kearney tee with a Chair and members that • General support for Society select winners of the Award or Grant. Members: These grants give 12. OS Species File/TaxonWorks Committee members may be Board financial support for symposia María Marta Cigliano members, but we can call in experts held at other meetings, plus books who are members of the Society. And and publications. These should be A new platform, TaxonWorks, Committees need to be large enough submitted in advance as a formal constituted by a collection of open so that members whose students apply proposal. For books and publica- source tools and services that cover can excuse themselves from making tions, partial funding is generally all aspects of the taxonomic workflow choices. envisaged with some support is being developed by the Species File found elsewhere and the books Group at Illinois Natural History Sur- Types of Grants and Awards or publications supported need vey, University of Illinois, USA and • The Theodore Cohn Research to be refereed as part of keeping at the Museum of La Plata, Argen- Fund: About $15,000 awarded high standards for Orthopterists’ tina. This new platform will hold the each year (usually in April) to Society publications. Orthoptera Species File database in support Research projects by the near future and all the important students and young profession- 14. Suggestions for improvements procedures currently being done will als up to a value of $1,500 each. in OS functioning assure that all the OSF data (except Funds are taken from earnings of for the identification keys) will be the Research Grant Accounts that The many grants and awards made completely and safely imported into currently have just over $400,000. possible by the Ted Cohn gifts serve the new system. Committee: Michel Lecoq to facilitate support for students and In addition, one of the two informat- (Chair), David Hunter, and Battal young professionals, which was a ics technicians from the OSF group Çiplak. clear wish by Ted Cohn while he at the Museo de La Plata, Argentina, The remaining grants are funded was President of the Society and will start working full-time thanks to by the Operating Accounts that have thereafter. This support for students the endowment fund of David Eades about $1 million. and young professionals is not only to the Species File Group, a third of • Sir Boris Uvarov Award in Ap- through our various grants, but for a which is managed by the Orthopter- plied Acridology: Funded in part number of our members, who are di- ists’ Society. by a grant from the Association rectly mentoring individual students, Regarding OSF grants, most of the of Applied Acridology, topped both in our own countries and in awardees successfully finish their up by funds from the Operating developing countries, which encour- projects and OSF has largely ben- Accounts, such that the monetary ages and supports orthopterology all efited by the data added resulting value of this award is similar to over the world as part of making our from these grants and their reports are that of the Young Professional Society truly international. published in Metaleptea. However, a Orthopterist Awards. Committee: small fraction of the projects remain Alexandre Latchininsky (Chair), 15. Close unfinished. A copy of the file tracking David Hunter, and Moham- the OSF grants’ status is annually sent med Abdellahi Ould Babah Volume 39 (3) / September 2019 4 METALEPTEA Save the date: ECOCIII/DGfO 19-22 March 2020 By LUC WILLEMSE Naturalis Biodiversity Center, NETHERLANDS [email protected]
ear Conservationists, the completely renovated Naturalis Grasshopper friends and Biodiversity Center which by chance Nature lovers, celebrates its 200-year anniversary in 2020. Besides attending an exciting This is an advance program, extending one’s network and DD notice for the third meeting old acquaintances, the meet- European Congress on Orthoptera ing also offers a unique opportunity Conservation (ECOCIII) which will to consult and work in the Orthoptera be held in Leiden, the Netherlands collection of Naturalis for those inter- etc. will be posted via Grasshoppers from 19-22 March 2020. It will be ested. Please save the date already in of Europe website. In case of ques- combined with the 16th biannual meet- your 2020 agenda! Starting in Octo- tions please contact the coordination ing of the German Society for Orthop- ber more information about ECOCIII team at [email protected]. terology (DGfO). The venue will be regarding the program, registration Announcing TETTIGONIIDAE (Orthoptera) Species of Argentina and Uruguay By HOLGER BRAUN1 AND GASTÓN E. ZUBARÁN2 1División Entomología, Museo de La Plata, ARGENTINA [email protected] Gastón E. Zubarán 2Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Biotecnología INBIOTEC, CONICET, Mar del Plata , ARGENTINA [email protected] xplore 95 species of katydids of Argentina and Uruguay from any device, at any time in any place! Introducing a new EE online catalogue “Tet- tigoniidae (Orthoptera) Species of Argentina and Uruguay.” Available in both Spanish and English, this new catalogue contains information about 95 species, 56 of which have photos, including interesting recent records of some little-known species. More information is slowly being added. Thank you very much to all those who are collaborating with photographic records. Please check it out at https://biodar.unlp.edu.ar/tettigoniidae
Volume 39 (3) / September 2019 5 METALEPTEA Polyneoptera Organized Meeting at 2019 Entomological Society of America Meeting: “Small Orders, Big Ideas” By DEREK A. WOLLER1, BERT FOQUET2, AND HOJUN SONG3 1USDA-APHIS-PPQ-S&T Phoenix Lab, AZ, USA [email protected] 2Texas A&M University, USA [email protected] 3Texas A&M University, USA [email protected] olyneopteran insects (Or- have nine speakers covering a variety thoptera and nine other of insect orders and topics presented insect orders) are com- by speakers from a wide variety of mon and include some backgrounds as well (e.g., coun- of the most recognizable tries, research experience level). The PP creatures on Earth, but are meeting will culminate in a keynote rarely represented at Entomological presentation given by Clint Kelly Society of America (ESA) meetings. from the Université du Québec on his We have been working for some years work with wetas. If you’re interested now to raise their profile by organiz- in attending this meeting, come to ing meetings at ESA to highlight the the conference center’s room 125 on fascinating and novel research being Sunday, the 17th from 1:30-4:30 PM. https://esa.confex.com/esa/2019/meet- undertaken with them. At this year’s We hope to see you there! ingapp.cgi/Session/35913 ESA, from November 17-20, we will Reminder: Seeking Speakers for the 2020 ICE Symposium: “Polyneoptera for our Planet” By DEREK A. WOLLER1, BERT FOQUET2, AND HOJUN SONG3 1USDA-APHIS-PPQ-S&T Phoenix Lab, AZ, USA [email protected] 2Texas A&M University, USA [email protected] 3Texas A&M University, USA [email protected] ellow Society members, fi/call-for-symposia/. Then, click on we are currently seeking the “Submit presentation abstract” speakers for our sym- icon on the upper graphic, find the posium “Polyneoptera scientific section “Ecology, Evolution for our Planet,” which and Behaviour, Track 2” and click FF will be part of the 2020 on our symposium’s name, and then International Congress of Entomol- follow the subsequent directions. All ogy (ICE). The congress will be July are welcome – students, postdocs, 19-24 in Helsinki, Finland and the seasoned researchers, etc.! Our goal is symposium is currently scheduled to have a good mix of polyneopterans for Friday, July 24, from 8 AM-10 represented that demonstrate all the AM. Presentations are limited to interesting work being undertaken 15 minutes (8 speakers total) and with the group, so please spread the submission is currently available word to your colleagues that work on to the public by going to this site taxa beyond Orthoptera. Please also (where more general information note that while you can only give a as you like. For general description of on the meeting and symposia can single presentation at ICE you can be the symposium, please see our previ- be found): https://ice2020helsinki. a coauthor on as many presentations ous article at Metaleptea 39(2) pp. 13. Volume 39 (3) / September 2019 6 METALEPTEA A Guide to Crickets of Australia ISBN: 9781486305063 | 416 pages | 215 x 148 mm Publisher: CSIRO Publishing By DAVID RENTZ AND YOU NING SU ricket song is a sound illustrations and detailed colour of the Australian bush. photographs from CSIRO’s Australian Even in cities, the rasp- National Insect Collection, A Guide ing calls signify Austra- to Crickets of Australia allows readers lia’s remarkable cricket to reliably identify all 92 described CC biodiversity. Crickets genera and many species from the are notable for a variety of reasons. Grylloidea (true crickets) and Gryl- When their population booms, some lotalpoidea (mole crickets and ant of these species become agricultural crickets) superfamilies. Not included pests and destroy crop pastures. Some are the Raspy Crickets (Gryllacridi- introduced species are of biosecurity dae), King Crickets (Anostostoma- concern. Other crickets are important tidae) or the so-called ‘Pygmy Mole food sources for native birds, reptiles Crickets’ (Caelifera), which despite and mammals, as well as domestic their common names are not related to pets. Soon you might even put them true crickets. Natural history enthusi- in your cake or stir-fry, as there is a asts and professionals will find this an rapidly growing industry for cricket essential guide. products for human consumption. Available at https://www.publish. Featuring keys, distribution maps, csiro.au/book/7490/ Grasshoppers & Crickets of Italy ISBN: 978-88-903323-9-5 | 578 pages | 15 x 21 cm Publisher: WBA Handbooks By C. IORIO, R. SCHERINI, P. FONTANA, F.M. BUZZETTI, R. KLEUKERS, B. ODÈ, & B. MASSA rthoptera is one of the for planning interventions to safe- most important and guard them. interesting Orders of This new volume is an absolutely the Class Insecta. They innovative tool in the field of nature include grasshoppers handbooks. The authors have suc- OO and crickets that have ceeded in realizing a text with a new a fundamental role in many terrestrial and appealing graphic design, easy ecosystems. In this complete and to consult, full of photos of morpho- updated publication all the 382 taxa logical details useful to identify the (species and subspecies) of Orthop- species also by non-experts. Further- tera nowadays known from Italy are more, very useful for the field work treated; 162 of these are endemic! are the maps of the distribution areas, Unfortunately, as well as for other detailed at provincial level, for each groups of organisms, also orthopter- species. ans have many species suffering from This book will be useful not only maximum degree of threat, according for orthopterists, but also for young to the Red List of Threatened Species entomologists who will be able to compiled by the International Union measure their ability in identifying for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). species, for agricultural technicians Therefore, Grasshoppers & Crickets and for all nature and entomology of Italy is very important also from a lovers. A book like this should not be conservation point of view; it allows missed from their libraries! to recognize the endangered species
Volume 39 (3) / September 2019 7 METALEPTEA In Memoriam: Carlos S. Carbonell (December 22, 1917 to August 15, 2019) By MARÍA MARTA CIGLIANO1, ESTRELLITA LORIER2 & MARCOS GONÇALVES LHANO3 1Museo de La Plata, CEPAVE-CONICET, La Plata, ARGENTINA [email protected] 2Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, URUGUAY [email protected] 3Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Ambientais e Biológicas (CCAAB) Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRB), BRAZIL [email protected] he Orthopterists´ Soci- ety lost one of its most prominent members recently. Carlos S. Car- bonell passed away on TT August 15, 2019, leaving behind a lifetime of dedication to Or- thoptera research. Professor Carbonell was born in Montevideo, Uruguay, and graduated in Agricultural Engi- neering from the “Universidad de la República,” Montevideo in 1945. In 1947, he obtained a Master of Science (Entomology) degree from the Uni- versity of Maryland, U.S.A. under the supervision of Robert E. Snodgrass. Results from his Master degree were published under the title “The thoracic muscles of the cockroach Peripla- neta americana (L.),” where his solid knowledge of anatomy and morphol- Professor Carbonell taking a photo during the post conference tour after the 10th International ogy of insects, in addition to his ex- Congress of Orthopterology in Turkey in 2009 (Photo credit: M.M. Cigliano) cellent scientific drawing skills, were In 1969, he was awarded with a Neotropical grasshoppers and in the revealed. His first publications dealt Guggenheim Fellowship in the field books titled “A naturalist in Amazon” mostly with agricultural entomology, of organismic biology and ecology (vol I and II) where he described his but in 1956/1957 he started publishing of Orthoptera, which made it pos- daily field trips. In total, he described on different topics of grasshopper bi- sible for him to carefully study and 95 valid species, 30 genera, a tribe ology. His first paper on the systemat- photograph many types deposited in and 2 subfamilies for Acridoidea. ics of grasshoppers, his major subject entomological collections from the However, his major contributions to of research, was published in 1967 in USA and Europe. He published over the field of Neotropical grasshopper collaboration with Ricardo A. Ron- 70 papers and books that stand out for systematics are his taxonomic revi- deros (from the Museo de La Plata, their scientific rigor. His systematic sions: subfamily Leptysminae, tribes Argentina) and Alejo Mesa (from UN- revisions are not only characterized Scyllinini and Phaeopariini, and ESP, Río Claro, Brazil), with whom by their detailed descriptions, excel- Romaleidae genera (Chromacris, Tita- he continued collaborating for much lent illustrations, but also for the nacris, Tropidacris, Xyleus, etc.). The of his entire lifetime. Particularly, comprehensive information on the scientific work he did on the South with Ronderos, he not only collabo- biogeography, biology, and ecology of American grasshopper fauna shaping rated on several papers but also had a the taxa involved. He also had out- its present systematics is certainly profound friendship. Prof. Carbonell standing aptitude as a field naturalist notable. also published several collaborating conducting countless field trips within As a Professor from “Facultad de papers with Radcliff Roberts, Hugh Argentina, Uruguay, Chile, Brazil, Humanidades y Ciencias, Universidad Rowell, Marius Descamps, and Chris- Bolivia, and Paraguay that resulted in de la República, Uruguay” Carbonell tiane Amédégnato, among others. an excellent reference collection on taught several undergraduate and
Volume 39 (3) / September 2019 8 METALEPTEA graduate courses on Entomology, a cup of tea, enjoying camaraderie, ship civic-military in Uruguay. Morphology and Anatomy of Insects, anecdotes of his travels, dreams and and Arthropods and Biogeography. inspiring talks, always accompanied Marcos Lhano remembers him: He also acted as the Director of the by his characteristic sense of humor. During my undergraduate studies, I Entomology Department from 1958 All of us enjoyed the most the op- started to have interest in grasshopper to 1975. Because of some personal portunities to participate with Prof. studies, so I joined the study group issues and the political situation of Carbonell of several field-collecting conducted by Prof. Alejo Mesa in Río his country he moved to Brazil and trips in our country. When in the field, Claro, Brazil. During the discussions had a Research position (1981-1986) he was a tireless walker full of inex- of the group, the name of “Professor at the “Conselho Nacional de Desen- haustible energy. He devoted himself Carbonell” was always in the trending volvimento Científico e Tecnológico to not only collecting grasshoppers topics and, thus, I became familiar- (CNPq)” working at the “Museu but also all kinds of insects, which he ized with his publications. In addition, Nacional, da Universidade Federal deposited in the Entomology Collec- as a very close friend of Carbonell, do Rio de Janeiro.” During that time tion. Today, these materials provide Alejo used to tell us the stories and he also taught several courses for the basis for young researchers to adventures they spent together around graduate students on morphology develop their undergraduate and post- their passions, the orthopteran insects. and anatomy of insects, with em- graduate studies, and contribute to During my Master’s Degree, I decided phasis on Orthoptera, and directed the knowledge of the entomological to send a message to Prof. Carbonell several graduate students, including diversity of our region. Both on field asking him about the possibility of three Ph.D. students. In 2014, he was trips and on his return from travel being the advisor for my PhD. and, designated Emeritus Researcher of the abroad, Prof. Carbonell conveyed after some days, I received a pleasing Programme for the Development of to us his fondness for photography, acceptance letter! Therefore, in 2001, Basic Sciences (PEDECIBA), Univer- not only that of scientific interest in I traveled to Montevideo to meet him sidad de la República. insects but also those of Nature’s art- for the first time and all the kind- istry, such as plants, lichens, and tree ness demonstrated in the letter was Many Society members are un- barks among others. personified in reality. That was Prof. doubtedly familiar with Carbonell´s We shared long hours of work and Carbonell, a kind, polite, and subtly scientific legacy so rather than writing friendly company, he was always funny person. During the time I had about it we thought we would share willing to collaborate with my stud- the opportunity to study under his some of our personal memories of ies, and to assist me in such things as advice, he was always very helpful him. identifying the collecting site location and attentive all the time in sharing by reviewing his field diary or search- his knowledge. We had wonderful Estrellita Lorier remembers him: ing his privileged memory. There was conversations and I learned from him I met Prof. Carbonell shortly after his no shortage of a cup of tea or an ice how to become a “Professor.” We return to Uruguay in 1987 in his role cream from his wife “Chichita” when used to meet in his office at his house as the Director of the Department of I visited his place. Prof. Carbonell where he would tell me stories about Entomology of the Faculty of Sci- always accompanied these little plea- his travels, fieldworks, and I would ences, and later as the Director of my sures with comments on literature or completely forgot to ask him about Postgraduate Thesis under PEDECI- art, as he was a great reader of deep the doubts I had on my thesis…and, at BA. It was a privilege to have been a sensitivity. I met his children, grand- the end, we often drank a delicious tea student of the Biogeography course children, and great-grandchildren dur- with his wife, Albina. Prof. Carbonell conducted by him. We were inspired ing these visits. He was so generous was also an excellent handmaker by the content addressed in his classes that he made me feel like his friend of all his fieldwork and laboratory and the focus placed on the history and part of his family. It is appropriate equipment. He precisely made nets, of the sciences and their various to state that Prof. Carbonell was al- pinning blocks, display cases, etc. He disciplines, which gave us a new and ways committed to the just causes of was an active member of the Orthop- inclusive vision of synthesis. Prof. Uruguayan society. Together with his terists’ Society and many of you may Carbonell placed his trust in my abil- wife, he accompanied, until not long remember his presence at the OS ity to participate in projects linked to ago, the “March of Silence” convened Congress in Turkey and participation his line of research. I always remem- annually by the group “Mothers and in the post-conference tour at the age ber, with immense pleasure, his daily Relatives of Uruguayans Detained of almost 90 years old! He was one gatherings with teachers and students Missing.” This organization brings of the kindest people that I have ever of the Department. These meetings together relatives of detainees who met and I always will be very grateful took place in the afternoons, over disappeared during the last dictator- to have had the opportunity to spend a Volume 39 (3) / September 2019 9 METALEPTEA part of my life as his student. in grasshoppers. He was extremely I very much treasure the numerous generous with his time and scientific times that I spent with him and his María Marta Cigliano remembers knowledge. He never evaluated the lovely wife, ¨Chichita,¨ at lunchtime him: The first time I met Professor time that he would spend in help- or teatime, sharing our other common Carbonell was when I went to Mon- ing others identifying grasshoppers, interests in art and literature. tevideo to teach the first of several providing literature, photos, specimen courses on Phylogenetic Systematics materials, revising manuscripts, and In synthesis, we all share our best at “Facultad de Ciencias de la Uni- collaborating in many ways with the impressions of Professor Carbonell. versidad de la República,” Uruguay work of others. It was a privilege for His legacy in systematics of Neotropi- in 1991. From that time onwards, me that he opened his home and I cal grasshoppers will remain forever. I visited him countless times at his was able to spend hours talking about We will always be enormously grate- home in Montevideo, where he had grasshoppers and listening his ex- ful for his generous dedication. Those his laboratory, and we also shared a traordinary stories about his field trips who had the privilege to interact with couple of post-conference tours of the and anecdotes about several orthop- him know that somebody who cannot OS. He was certainly a unique per- terists that I only knew from the liter- be replaced is no longer with us. We son, because of not only his general ature but with whom Prof. Carbonell are going to miss our dear “Profe” knowledge and interest in entomology had interacted with, such as Ashley very much, but he will continue to and botany in general, and his dedica- B. Gurney, James A.G. Rehn, R. H. accompany us as we will remember tion to the study of grasshoppers, but Roberts, Harold Grant, T. H. Hubbell, his spirit and essence that made him a also for his kindness and willingness I. Cantrall, L. Chopard, M. Descamps, unique person. to help anybody who was interested Boris P. Uvarov, and V. M. Dirsh.
Regional Reports - What’s happening around the world? Japan join us in the nearest future. proaches O. yezoensis, it escapes by either flying or jumping. I wondered By HARUKI TATSUTA Self-introduction and my research whether the grasshopper decides its Faculty of Agriculture interests: locomotion mode during the escape University of the Ryukyus, JAPAN [email protected] By Tatsuru Kuga based on some factors. In addition, Graduate School of Science I wondered whether the grasshopper have to announce that the Kyushu University, Japan shifts its locomotion modes during Orthopterological Society consecutive escape attempts because of Japan will be dissolved in I am a Ph.D. student studying be- previous studies on escape behaviors 2019. This is very sad news, havioral ecology, particularly escape indicate that prey animals shift their especially for the members of behaviors of grasshoppers. Here, I escape tactics to increase unpredict- II the society, but I feel this is the explain my research topics on two ability (Bateman & Fleming, 2014). flow of the times. The average age grasshopper species of the members is increasing year (Orthoptera: Acridi- by year and people who can manage dae; Fig. 1) as a self- the society are decreasing. Probably introduction. every other society meets this sort The first topic is on of problem eventually. On the other the decision of loco- hand, young students and researchers motion modes during have joined our society recently – this the escaping of Oxya is truly good news! Here I would like yezoensis, which to introduce a research topic that was formed the material conducted by Tatsuru Kuga. He is of my bachelor thesis. a new member of the Orthopterists’ They live in paddy Society and joined the International fields and are cooked Congress in Morocco, so some of you in soy sauce as a food already known him and his research. in some regions in I really expect that other young (and Japan (Nonaka, 2009). Figure 1. Adults of males (top) and females (bottom) of Oxya brilliant) students such as Tatsuru will When a human ap- yezoensis (left) and Acrida cinerea (right) at the same scale. (Photo credit: T. Kuga) Volume 39 (3) / September 2019 10 METALEPTEA To test these questions, I ap- results. reveal the function by the next Inter- proached O. yezoensis three times in The second topic is the signifi- national Congress of Orthopterology. a row in the field. The results showed cance of a sound during escaping of that environmental conditions, and the Acrida cinerea, which was part of Acknowledgements sex and the morphological traits of the my master’s thesis. When a human I appreciate my supervisor, Dr. Eiiti Ka- grasshopper affected the decision of approaches A. cinerea, it escapes suya for correcting my draft. I thank Prof. the locomotion mode during escaping. while making a clapping sound, called Haruki Tatsuta for giving me the opportu- nity to write this report. In contrast to the prediction, the grass- crepitation. The grasshopper is often hopper preferred the same locomotion observed in Japan and the occurrence Reference mode as the mode in the previous of the sound is also well-known, even Bateman, P. W., & Fleming, P. A. (2014). escaping during the persistent pur- by non-specialists in entomology. The Switching to Plan B: changes in the escape suit (Kuga & Kasuya, 2019). Most conspicuous sound during escaping tactics of two grasshopper species (Acridi- studies on escape behaviors have seems to attract predators and to make dae: Orthoptera) in response to repeated predatory approaches. Behavioral Ecology focused on flight initiation distance, the escape difficult. I am searching for and Sociobiology, 68: 457–465. the prey-predator distance when the the function of the crepitation, which Kuga, T., & Kasuya, E. (2019). Repeated preda- escape begins, and the distance fled, brings benefits over the predation tory approaches cause the rice grasshop- the distance that the prey escapes. In cost. Although the function has not per to repeat the same locomotion mode during escape: flying or jumping. Abstract contrast, few studies have focused on been revealed yet, our results sug- Book of the 13th International Congress of the locomotion modes during escap- gested that the sound was not a court- Orthopterology, 258. ing. To fill the gap of knowledge on ship signal to the conspecifics, and the Nonaka, K. (2009). Feasting on insects. Ento- escape behaviors, I am analyzing my occurrence of the sound was relevant mological Research, 39: 304–312. data on the locomotion modes further to the decision of other escape tactics, and preparing the paper of the above including the distance fled. I hope to Central & South geographic studies on the neotropical have any questions regarding your Romaleini (Acridoidea, Romaleidae), membership status or payment dues. I America with a particular emphasis on the would also like to invite all those who By MARTINA E. POCCO genus Diponthus. I am still working are not yet members and are inter- CEPAVE, CONICET - UNLP on the phylogeny of the romaleids, ested in the field of orthopterology División Entomología, Museo de La Plata, UNLP, La Plata, ARGENTINA and my major research interests focus to join the Society. As a member for [email protected] on the evolutionary study of bio- about 10 years, I am very grateful for logical traits (aposematic coloration all the opportunities that the Society would like to express my and gregarious behavior at nymphal has given to me, and to other students gratitude to Marcos Lhano for stages) that are common in this group and young professionals support- suggesting my name to replace of grasshoppers. In addition, I have ing our research. Personally, I have him in the role of Regional recently started working in collabo- received research grants for field trips, Representative for Central & ration with Dr. Hojun Song on the awards, funds to assist with interna- I South America, as well as to I study of phenotypic plasticity in the tional meetings of the Society and the OS Board for accepting me to South American locust (Schistocerca Orthoptera symposia, and grants for be involved in this important role. cancellata), which has reemerged as a visiting museum collections. There- Of course, it is my great pleasure to serious plague in the past recent years fore, I encourage anyone interested participate in this nice activity and I in northern Argentina and neighboring in orthopteroid insects all over the will try to do my best representing our countries. region to become a member and share region. At this moment, the Society counts information on Orthoptera. Currently, I am a Scientific Re- around 40 members from Latin searcher at CONICET (“Consejo America, 13 of them as student mem- News coming from our region: Nacional de Investigaciones Científi- bers. I would like to invite you all to I report, sadly, the news regarding cas y Técnicas”), and a Lab Teaching contact me if you have information or Prof. Carlos S. Carbonell, who passed Assistant in a course of Taxonomy at any announcements involving our re- away on August 15, 2019. He was “Universidad Nacional de La Plata” gion (events, scientific meetings, new an outstanding orthopterologist from (UNLP), La Plata, Argentina. Un- contributions, field trips, etc.) that Uruguay who devoted his life to the der the advisory of Dr. María Marta you would like to share with the other knowledge and research of the Ac- Cigliano and Dr. Carlos Lange, I did members of the Society. Also, please ridoidea fauna from the Neotropical a Ph.D. and a postdoc at UNLP on do not hesitate to contact me if you region. The legacy of Prof. Carbonell systematics, phylogenetic and bio- Volume 39 (3) / September 2019 11 METALEPTEA is invaluable and his contributions cancellata were reported in Paraguay, http://apps.iica.int/GICSV/programas/ certainly constitute a major reference followed by swarms detected in sev- SanidadVegetal/pages/langosta.aspx in the study of Neotropical acridiol- eral provinces of northern Argentina Orthoptera Symposium: The “VIII ogy. (mainly Formosa, Chaco, and San- Simpósio de Orthoptera e I Simpósio There is a state of emergency tiago del Estero). Argentina, together de insetos orthopteroides” organized regarding the South American locust. with Bolivia and Paraguay, continues by Pedro G. B. Souza Dias (UFRJ – Héctor Medina from SENASA (Ar- working on a Regional Management Museu Nacional) will be held as part gentina) informed me that the dec- Plan, and an Inter-American coor- of the “XXXIII Congresso Brasileiro laration of phytosanitary emergency dinating group in plant protection de Zoologia” (http://www.cbzoo. in Argentina has been extended until (GICSV) has been recently created for com.br/br/) in Águas de Lindoia, Sao 2021 due to the current situation of locust plagues (Coordinator: H. Me- Paulo, Brazil, during 02 - 06 March, the plague. This year, outbreaks of S. dina). More information available at 2020. China toxic hydrogen cyanide (HCN), facilitating anti- By LONG ZHANG predator defense in gre- Department of Entomology garious locusts. Other Key Lab for Biocontrol of Pests The Ministry of Agriculture of China talks mainly focused on China Agricultural University orthoperan insect evolu- Beijing, CHINA [email protected] tion and taxonomy. And the symposium greatly Symposium on Orthop- facilitated the aca- teroidea Was Held in demic exchange among Annual Conference of researchers of Orthop- Chinese Entomological teroidea. Society AA Advances in the tax- A symposium on Orthopteroidea onomy and behavior was held on August 27-30, 2019 in study of pygmy mole Guilin, China. A total of 12 speakers cricket (Orthoptera: gave talks in this symposium and over Tridactyloidea) 80 members attended this symposium. (from Professor CAO Professor Long Zhang from China Chengquan of Leshan Agricultural University gave an oral Normal University in presentation, “Biological Control of Paraxya hui sp. nov., the first new genus of Tridactyloidea amber China and his collabora- from Burma discovered by the Chinese. Locust in Different Ecosystems.” He tors) suggested that Antonospora locustae Taxonomy: After Also, a new amber family and sev- could be effectively used to con- publishing the first new Tridactyloi- eral new species will be published in trol locusts of different ecosystems, dea species from China by CAO, his the future. Many new classification including grassland, crop fields, and group have published the first new features, sexual dimorphism, and in- bamboo forest. Dr. Wei Jianing from genus of Tridactyloidea amber from traspecific variation were studied. The the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Burma discovered by the Chinese. whole genome sequencing and other Academy of Sci- ences gave an oral presentation, “Ol- factory aposematism and antipredator defense in locusts”. He showed that a volatile phenylace- tonitrile (PAN) acted as an aposematic ol- factory signal and as a precursor of highly The “fore and mid four-legs” walking pattern of Tridactyloidea.
Volume 39 (3) / September 2019 12 METALEPTEA molecular studies of some species Zootaxa. 4564 (1): 283–288. of the genus Alloteratura Hebard, 1922 were carried out. Chen, L.X., Mao, S.L. & Chang, Y.L. (2019) One (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconema- Xizicus Behavior: The first discovery of new species of the genus Gorochov, tinae: Meconematini) from China. Zootaxa. 1993 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Mecone- 4651(3):289–296. Tridactyloidea may be used to pre- matinae) from Guangxi, China. Zootaxa. Zhu, Q.D. & Shi, F.M. 2018. Review of the dict earthquakes. The “fore and mid 4652(1):196–200. genus Diestramima Storozhenko, 1990 four-legs” walking pattern was firstly Cui, P., Liu, Y.H. & Shi, F.M. (2019) Notes on (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae: Aemodog- found in Tridactyloidea. The relation- the genus Kuzicus Gorochov, 1993 (Tettigo- ryllinae) from China. Zootaxa. 4450(2):249– niidae: Meconematinae: Meconematini) in 274. ship between the body surface struc- China with description of one new species. Zhu, Q.D., Bian, X. & Shi, F.M. (2018) Remarks ture, and the jumping ability and their Zootaxa. 4651(3):555–564. of the genus Tamdaotettix Gorochov, 1998 bionics application was studied. Other Dou, Y.J. & Shi, F.M. (2018) One new genus (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae: Aemodog- interesting behaviors, such as diving, of the tribe Meconematini (Orthoptera: ryllinae) from China. Zootaxa. 4378(2):294- nesting, mating, parasitism by mites, Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) from China. 300. Zootaxa. 4429(3):569–571. Zhu, Q.D., Wu, Y.X. & Shi, F.M. (2018) The ge- polarized light on body surface, and Li, Y.Q. & Shi, F.M. (2018) Notes on the genus nus Mimadiestra Storozhenko & Dawwru- so on were also found. Conocephalus Thunberg, 1815 (Orthoptera: eng, 2014 (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae) Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae) in South- from China, with description of two new Progress on the study of Tettigoni- west China with description of one new species. Zootaxa. 4531(2):295–300. species. Zootaxa. 4438(1):148–158. idae of China Li, Y.Q., Dou, Y.J. & Shi, F.M. (2019) A supple- Molecular evolution and systematics In 2017-2018, the Katydids Labora- ment of the genus Homogryllacris Liu, 2007 Wang, T., Zhu, Q.D., Heller, K.-G., Zhou, Z.J. & tory of Hebei University published (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae: Gryllacridinae) Shi, F.M. (2019) Phylogenetic relationships 3 new species of Conocephalinae; from China. Zootaxa. 4623(3):577–582. and phylogeography of the genus Sinocyr- taspis 1 new genus, 3 new subgenera, and Li, Y.Q., Zhang, T., Xin, Y.R. & Shi, F.M. (2019) Liu, 2000 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: The genus Conocephalus (Orthoptera: Meconematinae) reveal speciation process- 18 new species of Meconematinae Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae) from es related to climate change. Systematic in Tettigoniidae; 11 new species, 1 Guangdong and Nanling region, China with Entomology, DOI: 10.1111/syen.12384. new subspecies and 2 newly recorded description of two new species. Zootaxa. Zhou, Z.J., Guo, H.F., Han, L., Chai, J.Y., Che, species of Rhaphidophoridae from 4565(4):590–600. X.T. & Shi, F.M. (2019) Singleton molecu- Liu, J., Chen, P.W., Wang, T. & Chang, Y.L. lar species delimitation based on COI-5P China; one newly recorded genus and (2019) Three new species of the ge- barcode sequences revealed high cryptic/ one new species of Anabropsinae, and nus Xizicus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: undescribed diversity for Chinese katydids one new species of Gryllacrididae Meconematinae) from Taiwan. Zootaxa. (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). BMC Evolution- in Stenopelmatoidea. In molecular 4550(3):439–443. ary Biology, 19: 79. systematics, using COI-5P barcode Shi, F.M. & Zhao, L.J. (2018) A new species Zhou, Z.J., Zhao, L., Liu, N., Guo, H.F., Guan, of the genus Pseudocosmetura Liu, Zhou B., Di, J.X. & Shi, F.M. (2017) Towards a sequences to estimate Chinese katydid & Bi, 2010 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: higher-level Ensifera phylogeny inferred biodiversity with six species delimita- Meconematinae) from Sichuan Wanglang from mitogenome sequences. Molecular tion methods revealed high cryptic/ National Nature Reserve, China. Zootaxa. Phylogenetics and Evolution, 108, 22–33. undescribed diversity for Chinese 4455(3):582–584. Wang, P., Zhu, Q.D. & Shi, F.M. (2019) Supple- Research progress in taxonomy of katydids. Using mitogenome sequenc- ment of the genus Diestramima Storozhen- es to construct higher-level Ensifera ko, 1990 (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae: Tetrigoidea from China phylogeny, all analyses divided Tet- Aemodogryllinae) from China. Zootaxa. (From Professor Weian Deng of tigonioidea into Phaneropteridae and 4615 (3): 577–584. School of Chemistry and Bioengi- Tettigoniidae. Based on phylogenetic Wang, T. & Shi, F.M. (2018) First discovery of neering, Hechi University, Yizhou the male of Teratura (Stenoteratura) kry- relationships and phylogeography, the zhanovskii (Bey-Bienko, 1957) (Orthoptera: 546300, Guangxi, China) results reveal speciation processes of Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae). Far Eastern The taxonomy of Tetrigoidea is the genus Sinocyrtaspis (Orthoptera: Entomologist. 358:19-23. under review and deals with 7 sub- Meconematinae) related to climate Wang, T., Chen, P.W. & Shi, F.M. (2019) Two families, 57 genera, and 780 species new species of the tribe Meconematini (Or- of Tetrigoidea occurring in China, change. thoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae) from Taiwan. Zootaxa. 4564(1):295–300. with the morphological character- Publications List Wang, T., Shi, F.M. & Chang, Y.L. (2019) Revi- istics of each genus in re-described Taxonomy sion of the genus Sinocyrtaspis Liu, 2000 in this present work. Fifty-one new Bian, X. & Shi, F.M. (2018) New taxa of the (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconema- species are described, nine taxa are tinae). Zootaxa. 4609(1):127–138. genus Phlugiolopsis (Orthoptera: Tettigo- regarded as synonyms, six species niidae: Meconematinae) from Yunnan, Wang, T., Shi, F.M. & Wang, H.J. (2018) One China, with comments on the importance new species of the genus Acosmetura are new combinations, and four taxa to taxonomy of the left tegmen. Zootaxa. and supplement of Acosmetura emeica are replacement names. Based on the 4532(3):341–366. Liu & Zhou, 2007 (Tettigoniidae: Mecone- molecular data, phylogenetic relation- Bian, X. & Shi, F.M. (2019) First record the matinae) from Sichuan, China. Zootaxa. ships of Scelimeninae, Metrodorinae, genus Paterdecolyus of Anabropsinae (Or- 4462(1):134–138. thoptera: Anostostomatidae) from China. Xin, Y.R. & Shi, F.M. (2019) Three new species Tetriginae, and Cladonotinae are Volume 39 (3) / September 2019 13 METALEPTEA reconstructed, clarifying differentia- Eucriotettix oculatus were stud- croscope (SEM). Intestine microflora tion and revising the system of these ied. Phylogenetic relationships and composition and distribution charac- subfamilies. Phylogeography of Tetrix ecological adaptability of antennae teristics in tetrigids were also studied. japonica was studied, and the ecologi- and cercus receptors of tetrigids were cal adaptability of Tetrix japonica and analyzed by scanning electron mi- Australasia our most diverse grasshopper group. Some recent news on Orthoptera (Australia, New Zea- research in the region relates to land, & Pacific Islands) wingless grasshoppers, of two very different kinds. The “wingless grass- By MICHAEL KEARNEY hopper,” Phaulacridium vittatum, is School of BioSciences The University of Melbourne an acridid that in fact has wings but AUSTRALIA is polymorphic for wing size, most [email protected] populations being brachypterous. It ver breakfast at the is a significant pest of southeastern International Congress Australia, having benefited from the Key’s Matchstick Grasshopper, adult female Orthopterology in Mo- conversion of native grasslands via (Photo credit: M. Kearney) rocco this year, Dave grazing pressure. In May this year, Hunter asked if I’d be Sonu Yadav and colleagues published mosomes in the light of fundamental OO the regional representa- a fascinating study of their genetic evolutionary theories. It occurs in tive for Australasia. As you can see, variation using single nucleotide southeastern Australia in grasslands I agreed to the task. I’m an ecolo- polymorphisms (SNPs) and related and grassy woodlands dominated by gist with interests in understanding this to environmental and morpho- kangaroo grass (Themeda triandra) distribution and abundance from first logical variation. Despite the high where it feeds on native daisies. Sad- principles (mechanistic niche model- gene flow between populations of this ly, the spread of P. vittatum has been ling) and have also worked on evolu- highly abundant species, they found at the expense of K. scurra, which tionary questions (especially parthe- significant environmental associations has suffered such a dramatic range nogenesis). My taxonomic focus in of 242 SNPs (2% of the loci sur- contraction with the advent of grazing the past has been mainly on reptiles, veyed) with latitude, air temperature, in Australia that it is currently listed but I have worked on grasshoppers and body size. Their work suggests as threatened in the state of Victoria since 2003 and am now making them that this species has high capacity to and is being considered for a national a primary empirical focus. So, I hope adapt to environmental change. You listing as endangered at present. In this role helps me transition from an can read more about it at https://on- Victoria, Ken Key was the last person “outsider” to an “insider” of orthop- linelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ to observe the species, back in 1967. terist circles. mec.15146 and https://molecu- However, my colleague Ary Hoff- Australia is “Grasshopper Coun- larecologyblog.com/2019/08/22/ mann and I found some populations try” as David Rentz’s book says, but summary-from-the-authors-detection- hanging on in an isolated valley in the community working on them in of-environmental-and-morphological- the Australian high country, near the Australasia is not very large at pres- adaptation-despite-high-landscape- town of Omeo. A concerted effort has ent. That being said, a little revival genetic-connectivity-in-a-pest-grass- now begun to try and restore the spe- appears to be starting. This Decem- hopper/. cies and we hope that this becomes a ber, at the Australasian Entomologi- The second wingless grasshopper conservation success story in the near cal Society meeting, we will have a of note is Key’s matchstick grasshop- future. You can read more about it symposium on Orthoptera as Model per, Keyacris scurra. This species is here: Rediscovering a ‘Lost’ Species Systems in Ecology and Evolution. truly wingless and is a member of the This aims to bring together those in entirely wingless family Morabidae, a the Australasian community working group of ~250 species unique to Aus- on Orthoptera to build and strengthen tralia. The genus is named after Ken the research network. Hojun Song Key, a giant of Australasian orthop- will be presenting a keynote and it is terology. Keyacris scurra was made very exciting for us that he’s coming famous in evolutionary biology by to Australia next year on a Fulbright MJD White and RC Lewontin, who to start tackling the Catantopines – studied polymorphisms in its chro-
Volume 39 (3) / September 2019 14 METALEPTEA Theodore J. Cohn Research Grant Reports Integrative taxonomy of the endemic Karoo agile grasshoppers, the Euryphyminae (Acrididae) By PRECIOUS TSHILILO Stellenbosch University, SOUTH AFRICA [email protected] uryphyminae (Karoo and diversity is farther to the north The subfamily is restricted to sub- agile grasshoppers) is than that of Euryphyminae (Cigliano Saharan Africa and have rarely been an endemic grasshopper et al. 2019). Catantopinae and Ey- studied. Species have high levels of subfamily in sub-Saharan prepocnemidinae, too, have similar intraspecific variation and low levels Africa. They are ex- ornate male reproductive structures, of interspecific variation, and avail- EE tremely agile and difficult colourful characters, and also occur able taxonomic keys are insufficient to either catch or spot (Bazelet and throughout the Old World, but Cat- for distinguishing between species Naskrecki 2014). Morphologically, antopinae extend into Polynesia and and sometimes even genera (Baze- they are adapted to arid regions: they Australia as well. A recent analysis let and Naskrecki 2014). Therefore, are relatively robust, small to medi- of all Orthoptera for which complete the aim of this study was to use an um-sized (body length: 15–28 mm) mitochondrial genomes have been integrative taxonomic approach to fill compared to other grasshoppers. Both sequenced found that Catantopinae, gaps in knowledge relating to Eury- sexes either have wings which surpass Calliptaminae, and Eyprepocnemi- phyminae taxonomy and diversity in the end of the abdomen in length, or dinae, together with Cyrtacanthac- the Karoo biome. I collected all Eury- short wings which just cover the tym- ridinae (which includes large-bodied phyminae information from literature panum (Bazelet and Naskrecki 2014). grasshopper and locust species, in- and digitized 626 museum specimens In most species, internal hind femora cluding the desert locust, Schistocerca that had been positively identified. I of both sexes are coloured black when gregaria), form a distinct clade (Song also conducted two months-long sam- mature and many species also have et al. 2015). On the basis of morphol- pling trips and collected 624 speci- colourful hind wings and tibiae. When ogy and distribution, Euryphyminae mens of Euryphyminae in 30 sites at rest, they camouflage with their would most likely also belong to across the southern Karoo biome. environment because their bodies this clade, but it was not included in Utilizing all data at my disposal, I are either spotted or darkly coloured that study because its mitochondrial conducted the first taxonomic review (Bazelet and Naskrecki 2014). It has genome had not been sequenced at the of South African Euryphyminae and been suggested that Euryphyminae time. investigated morphological and mo- use their colourful body characters Dirsh (1956) did most of the taxo- lecular variation within one speciose for intraspecific communication, most nomic work on this subfamily, includ- genus, Euryphymus. likely as a sexual display, as all co- ing extensive revision of the genera Due to uncertainties in taxonomy, I lourful body parts are hidden while at that were erected by Uvarov (1922). investigated the relationships among rest but can be displayed strategically Naskrecki (1992; 1995) reviewed the Euryphyminae genera by comparing during flight or movement (Bazelet Namibian Euryphyminae and revised morphological characters and molecu- and Naskrecki 2014). the Rhachitopis genus. Bazelet and lar markers from three genes (cyto- The subfamily was erected by Dirsh Naskrecki (2014) revised the genus chrome c oxidase 1 (COI) mitochon- (1956) based on its distinct ephiphal- Pachyphymus, and Rowell (2015) drial gene, 12S ribosomal RNA (12S), lus and unusual male cerci. Eury- added two new species to the genus and Histone 3A nuclear gene (H3A)). phyminae are superficially similar in Phymeurus from Tanzania. Only What I found is that while most Eu- appearance to Calliptaminae, which three specimens of Euryphyminae ryphyminae genera are monophyletic also have ornate ephiphallus and male have previously had DNA sequenced, and well-resolved, the evolutionary cerci, strategically colourful mor- and these sequences did not include history does not comply with easily phological characters, and also occur any mitochondrial genes because the visible morphological traits. Some- throughout the Old World. In South purpose of the study was to elucidate thing very intriguing is that I collected Africa, 54 species of Euryphyminae higher taxon relationships within the a lot of Euryphymus specimens from have been recorded vs. only six spe- Orthoptera, so only two ribosomal almost all 30 sites and the specimens cies of Calliptaminae, indicating that RNA genes and two nuclear markers looked very similar, so I started won- the Calliptaminae center of endemism were targeted (Song et al. 2015). dering if it’s actually just one species Volume 39 (3) / September 2019 15 METALEPTEA or several. To find out, I first classified Acknowledgments Song H., Amédégnato C., Cigliano M.M., various individuals of genus Euryphy- I would like to thank the Orthopterists’ Desutter-Grandcolas L., Heads S.W., Huang mus on the basis of their morphology. Society for funding (The Theodore J. Y. (2015). 300 million years of diversifica- tion: elucidating the patterns of orthop- I then used DNA barcoding to deter- Cohn Research Fund). I would also like to thank Dr. C.S. Bazelet for her support and teran evolution based on comprehensive mine the relationship between indi- taxon and gene sampling. Cladistics., 31: supervision throughout the study. viduals with various polymorphisms. 621-651. Results showed that individuals group Naskrecki, P.A. (1995). A review of the Eury- References phyminae of Nambia and Angola (Insecta: into five valid species using the 3% Bazelet, C.S. and Naskrecki, P. (2014). Taxo- Acridoidea). Cimbebasia, 14, 71–83. species divergence threshold acom- nomic revision of the southern African Naskrecki, P.A. (1992) A taxonomic revision monly used for insect phylogenetics. genus Pachyphymus Uvarov, 1922 (Orthop- of the Southern African Genus Rhachitopis Of these five species, some are new to tera: Acridoidea: Euryphyminae). Zootaxa, Uvarov, 1922 (Acridoidea: Euryphyminae). 3753:401–420. science and require species descrip- Journal of Orthoptera Research, 1, 58–72. Cigliano, M.M., H. Braun, D.C. Eades and D. Rowell C.H.F. (2015). Two New Species of tion. This study shows that variation Otte. Orthoptera Species File. Version Phymeurus from East Africa (Orthoptera: among and within Euryphyminae 5.0/5.0. [2019/07.17].
many insect systems, cuticular hydro- we calculated the areas of each peak cabons (long-chain fatty acid lipids on in the chromatogram and generated the insect exoskeleton), or CHCs, are proportions of short to long chains. used in sexual communication (Singer Any chain with 31 carbons or less 1998). Crickets can discern CHC pro- was considered short, and 32 to 36 files with their antennae and use them carbons were considered long (Sim- as short-range odor cues (Thomas and mons et al. 2014). We used an arc sin Simmons 2009a). In T. oceanicus, fe- square root transformation on the pro- Figure 1. Comparison of cuticular hydro- male crickets prefer short-chain cutic- portions to normalize the data. Lower carbon property between normal-wing and ular hydrocarbons, the production of proportions were considered less flatwing males which is costly for males (Simmons attractive profiles, as they indicate a et al. 2014). We hypothesized that the high presence of long chain CHCs, obligately silent flatwings compen- while higher proportions were consid- sate for the lack of song by investing ered more attractive, as they indicate more in attractive chemical signals. a high presence of short chain CHCs Consequently, we expected to see that (Simmons et al. 2014). flatwings would have more attractive chemical profiles than normal-wings. Results We also predicted that males from the The proportion of short to long parasitized Hawaiian Islands would chain areas did not differ between have more attractive chemical profiles normal- and flatwing males (t-test, p than their counterparts from the non- = 0.26, t = 1.15, df = 55.58) (Fig. 1). parasitized Cook Islands, the crickets’ Cook Island males had higher short to native range. long chain ratios than Hawaiian males (t-test, p = 2.2 x 10-16, t = 12.36, df Figure 2. Comparison of cuticular hydro- Methods = 228.89) (Fig. 2). However, the pro- carbon property between Cook Islands and We collected and freeze-killed portions of short to long chain areas Hawaiian males crickets from the field in Hawaii (n = do not differ within the Hawaiian or 20 NW Hilo, n = 20 NW Oahu, n = Cook Islands (ANOVA, p = 2.2 x 10- 20 FW Oahu) and the Cook Islands 16, F4,129 = 37.6; Table 1) (Fig. 3). (n = 20 Aitutaki, n = 20 Mangaia, n = 20 Rarotonga). We then immersed Discussion each cricket in 5 mL of n-hexane for While we expected flatwings to 5 minutes; this solvent extracts the have more attractive CHCs to com- CHCs from the insect exoskeleton. A pensate for their inability to sing, subsample of 950 µL was extracted normal- and flatwing males do not from each vial and stored in a 4°C have different chemical profiles (Fig. freezer. To comparatively analyze 1). However, both wing types had the CHC profile, we added a C23:1 relatively low proportions (~0.04), standard into the hexane. We then ran meaning that both have an abundance each 950 µL sample through an Agi- of long chain CHCs. Long-chained lent Gas Chromatography Mass Spec- CHCs have higher melting points, trometry (GCMS) fitted with a DB preventing melting of the insect Figure 3. Comparison of cuticular hydrocar- bon property among different populations wax column. We identified individual cuticle and subsequent desiccation. compounds in GCMS chromatogram Short-chained CHCs have lower output by retention time and the NIST melting points, increasing volatility library database. To analyze the data, and detectability by females at the Volume 39 (3) / September 2019 17 METALEPTEA expense of desiccation prevention and expression of cuticular hydro- Gibbs A, Pomonis JG (1995) Physical proper- (Gibbs and Pomonis 1995, Gibbs carbons. Our work presents a novel ties of insect cuticular hydrocarbons: The 2002). Though Oahu and Hilo experi- examination of signal tradeoffs in effects of chain length, methyl-branching and unsaturation. Comparative Biochemis- ence high precipitation and humidity the wild. It is possible that use of try and Physiology -- Part B: Biochemistry levels (unpublished data), the concur- CHCs as sexual signals is different And Molecular Biology 112:243–249. rent high temperatures may present in the field, where environmental Hebets EA, Papaj, DR (2005). Complex signal a desiccation risk to the crickets. conditions are far more variable than function: Developing a framework of test- able hypotheses. Behavioral Ecology and Hawaiian males may need to invest in artificially constructed lab condi- Sociobiology 57:197-214. in desiccation prevention over sexual tions. Unlike song, which is first and Olzer R, Zuk M (2018) Obligate, but not facul- signaling in these populations. foremost a sexual signal, CHCs have tative, satellite males prefer the same male In contrast to our expectations that a primary biological function in desic- sexual signal characteristics as females. the non-parasitized Cook Island males cation prevention. It may logically Animal Behaviour 144:37–43. Simmons LW, Thomas ML, Gray B, Zuk M would have less attractive profiles follow that under variable selection (2014). Replicated evolutionary divergence than the parasitized Hawaiian males, pressures, CHCs are less likely to be in the cuticular hydrocarbon profile of male males in the Cook Islands have almost sexual signals, even in the absence of crickets associated with the loss of song in twice than those of the Hawaiian pop- the primary sexual signal. the Hawaiian archipelago. Journal of Evolu- tionary Biology 27:2249–2257. ulations, suggesting more attractive Singer, TL (1998). Roles of hydrocarbons in the chemical profiles (Fig. 2). However, Acknowledgements recognition systems of insects. American males do not differ in attractiveness I thank the Orthopterists’ Society for their Zoologist. 38:394–405. between the islands in each region generous Theodore J. Cohn grant, which Thomas ML, Simmons LW (2009). Male-de- (Fig. 3). Though Cook Island males allowed me to process many of our data rived cuticular hydrocarbons signal sperm samples. competition intensity and affect ejaculate have more comparatively attrac- expenditure in crickets. Proceedings of tive chemical profiles, their average the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences References 276:383–388. proportion (~0.075) still suggests an Andersson M (1994) Sexual Selection, Princ- Wiens JJ (2001) Widespread loss of sexually abundance of long chain CHCs over eton, New Jersey, United States selected traits: How the peacock lost its Bailey NW, Zuk M (2008) Acoustic experience short chains, implying that males in spots. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 16: shapes female mate choice in field crickets. the Cook Islands also need to priori- 517-523. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biologi- Zuk M, Simmons LW, Cupp L (1993) Calling tize the use of CHCs in desiccation cal Sciences 275:2645–2650. characteristics of parasitized and unparasit- prevention over sexual signaling. Bailey NW, Zuk M (2012) Socially flexible ized populations of the field cricket Teleo- Although a wealth of literature dem- female choice differs among populations gryllus oceanicus. Behavioral Ecology and of the Pacific field cricket: Geographical onstrates that insects, and T. oceani- Sociobiology 33:339-343. variation in the interaction coefficient psi cus specifically, use CHCs as sexual Zuk M, Rotenberry JT, Tinghitella RM (2006) (ψ). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Silent night: Adaptive disappearance of a signals, most of these studies take Biological Sciences 279:3589–3596. sexual signal in a parasitized population of place in a lab. Environmental condi- Darwin C (1871) The descent of man: And se- field crickets. Biology Letters 2:521-524. lection in relation to sex, London, England tions, such as the different humidity, Zuk M, Bailey NW, Gray B, Rotenberry JT Gibbs AG (2002) Lipid melting and cuticular temperature, and predation regimes (2018) Sexual signal loss: The link between permeability: New insights into an old behaviour and rapid evolutionary dynamics that differ between the lab and field problem. Journal of Insect Physiology in a field cricket. Journal of Animal Ecology play a major role in the development 48:391-400. 87:623-633. Are the phallic complexes of pygmy grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Caelifera: Tetrigidae) useful in taxonomy? Preliminary results By DANIELA SANTOS MARTINS SILVA Universidade Federal de Viçosa, campus Rio Paranaíba, Minas Gerais, BRAZIL [email protected] etrigids are small orthop- cialized in a collar–like shape around middle tarsis with two segments and terans, whose morphol- the mouthparts (sternomentum); elytra hind tarsis with three segments; arolia ogy is one of the most shortened and laterally arranged in the absent (Hancock 1902, Dirsh 1961). peculiar among orthopter- body, wings developed and anal area The male genital organs are com- ans. The pronotum is pro- with expansion (there are some spe- posed of two layers (Amédégnato TT longed, covering part or cies without one or both characters); 1976) with organs membranous and the whole abdomen; prosternum spe- tympanal organ absent; anterior and concealed under paired chitinous
Volume 39 (3) / September 2019 18 METALEPTEA are useful in taxonomy since there are different degrees of complexity, which has been indicated in the lit- erature. We found a lot of studies that mentioned the genital organs with- out a standardization of the terms or comparison of the morphological data between species. Among these re- searchers, I highlight Chopard (1920), Hinton (1940) and Harz (1975): Lucien Chopard was one of the first taxonomists to compare male Figure 1. Terminalia in male terminalia in dorsal-lateral view of (A) Tetrix bipunctata (Linnaeus, and female genitalia of orthopteroids. 1758); male terminalia in dorsal view of (B) Criotettix miliarius Hancock, 1904; (C) Paratettix In 1920, in the “Recherches sur la meridionalis (Rambur, 1838); (D) Afrocriotettix nigellus (Bolívar, 1887) and (E) Pterotettix andrei conformation et le dévelopement des Bolívar, 1887. The drawings are adapted from Chopard (1920) with the correspondent termi- demiers segments abdominaux chez nology of structures and color in Table 1. Legends. Aeph: arms of epiphallus; Eph: epiphallus; Meph: median process of epiphallus; Mg: medial groove; Ph: phallic organ; Phk: pallial hooks; les Orthopteres,” using some species, Pp: pallial plates; Spht: sclerites of phallotreme; IXP: 9th sternum proximal part and IXSP: sub- such as Tetrix bipunctata (Linnaeus, genital plate. 1758) (Fig. 1A); Criotettix miliarius Hancock, 1904 (Fig. 1B); Paratettix plates (Flook & Rowell 1997), and exemplify the results of the literature meridionalis (Rambur, 1838) (Fig. directed to the anterior ends of the review and the genitals cleaned by 1C); Afrocriotettix nigellus (Bolívar, body (Dirsh 1961); cerci short and treating them with a KOH solution at 1887) (Fig. 1D); and Pterotettix unsegmented (Rentz 1991); and egg room temperature. andrei Bolívar, 1887 (Fig. 1E), he as wine-bottle-shaped, cylindrical verified that terminalia region of with acutely pointed extremity, such Results and Discussion tetrigids were totally different from as horn of the egg (Hancock 1902, Our results indicate that phallic other grasshoppers. Nabour 1929, Hartley 1962). Among complexes of pygmy grasshoppers According to Chopard (1920), the all these attributes, the genital organs are the only morphological charac- teristic not used in the description of Tetrigidae species, since genitalia has been considered a poorly special- ized structure in this group. However, my preliminary studies point to the phallic complex presenting different degrees in complexity. Thus, the ques- tion arises: are the phallic complexes of Tetrigidae useful in taxonomy? Thus, the objective of this study was figure out if the genital organs of tet- rigids have a limited use as taxonomic characters, or if they could be at least used to improve the descriptions and taxonomic studies of the Tetrigidae.
Material and Methods A systematic review of studies related to genital organs of tetrigids was carried out and searches were Figure 2. Phallic complex of (A) Bufonides sellatus Hinton, 1940 highlighting the pallial plates, performed in bibliographic databases epiphallus, and phallic organ; Bufonides antennatus Bolívar, 1898 with terminalia in dorsal view (B), (C) epiphallus and (D-E) phallic organ with a cylindrical internal sclerotization. The drawings and searching in the morphology are adapted from Hinton (1940) with the correspondent terminology of structures and color and taxonomy papers of Orthoptera. in Table 1. Legends. Aeph: arms of epiphallus; Meph: median process of epiphallus; Ph: phallic Also, one specimen was dissected to organ Pp: pallial plates. Volume 39 (3) / September 2019 19 METALEPTEA ferences that allow this structure to be used as a taxonomic character to compare different species. My previ- ous studies about the genital morphol- ogy of tetrigids showed a variation of forms, which are more easily noted in two structures: the phallic organ and epiphallus. The phallic organ has sclerotized portions as indicated by Hinton (1940) (Fig.2) and the speci- men here dissected (Tettigidea sp.), that has a cylindrical internal sclero- tization inside the phallic organ in Figure 3. Terminalia in lateral view with phallic organ everted of (A) T. subulata and epiphal- which it was not necessary to apply lus on different species of Tetrix Latreille, 1802. The drawings are adapted from Harz (1975) coloration to better visualize the inter- with the correspondent terminology of structures and color in Table 1. Legends. Aeph: arms of nal morphology of this organ (Fig.4). epiphallus; Eph: epiphallus; Meph: median process of epiphallus; Ph: phallic organ; Pp: pallial More studies are needed to im- plates; IXP: 9th sternum proximal part and IXSP: subgenital plate. prove the understanding of the phallic complex functions, origin, and evolu- tion in Tetrigidae. For this purpose, we should sample more specimens as much as possible and conserve some of them in alcohol for genita- lia extraction of fresh material. This study is still ongoing (Silva et al. in press) and soon we will provide more information on the use of terminalia and genitalia in this group.
Acknowledgments Figure 4. Terminalia structures of Tettigidea sp. (A) in lateral and (B) dorsal view. Legends. Aeph: I thank the Orthopterists’ Society via arms of epiphallus; Cer: cercus; Eph: epiphallus; Meph: median process of epiphallus; Mg: me- “The Theodore J. Cohn Research Fund” dial groove; Ph: phallic organ; Pp: pallial plates; Spht: sclerites of phallotreme; IXP: 9th sternum for the funding and support. This funding proximal part and IXSp: subgenital plate. was essential for my PhD degree. I would also like to thank Fernando De Domenico subgenital plate is divided in two work on the fauna of Orthoptera in that provided constructive comments and parts, with the apical part flexible, Europe, used the term phallic com- corrections of this manuscript’s early forming a triangular projection, and plex to indicate all structures laying ideas. the penis is completely welded in the above the subgenital plate, including subgenital plate. The genital organs the penis (Fig. 3A). He gave special References are composed by two large valves that attention to the epiphallus, the term Amédégnato C (1976) Structure et évolution des genitalia chez les Acrididae et famillles fit into the apical part of the subgeni- used to describe the U-shaped sclerite apparentées. Acrida 5: 1-16. tal plate. They are separated by a deep and indicated that this structure is dif- Chopard, L (1920) La Conformation et le median sulci, limited on each side by ferent in several species of Tetrix (Fig. Developpement des derniers Segments a chitinous piece. These structures 3B-E). abdominaux chez les Orthoptères. PhD (valves, chitinous pieces and median Although apparently without this Thesis. Là Faculté des Sciences de Paris, France 398pp. sulci) on the terminalia formed the objective, Hinton (1940) and Harz Dirsh VM (1961) A preliminary revision of genital pieces (Fig. 1). (1975) indicated through their draw- the families and subfamilies of Acridoidea Hinton (1940), in a revision of Bu- ings significant differences between (Orthoptera, Insecta). Bulletin of the British fonides Bolívar, 1898 made schemat- the epiphallus to base comparisons Museum (Natural History) Entomology 10: 349-419. ics of what he called “genitalia and of species of Bufonides and Tetrix, Flook P K & Rowell C H F (1997) The phylogeny associated sclerites” for Bufonides respectively. The epiphallus shape, of the Caelifera (Insecta, Orthoptera) as antennatus Bolívar, 1898 and Bu- angulation of arms, ornamentation of deduced from mtrRNA gene sequences. fonides uvarovi Hinton, 1940 (Fig. median process and surface of this Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 8: 2). Kurt Harz (1975), in an extensive structure presents morphological dif- 89-103. Volume 39 (3) / September 2019 20 METALEPTEA Hancock JL (1902) The Tettigidae of North Dr W Junk Series Entomologica 11 Hague 105, Department of Zoology, Kansas State America. The Lakeside Press, Chicago, 185 939pp. Agricultural College and Agricultural Experi- pp. Hinton, H E (1940) A revision of the genus ment Station, U.S.A), The Hague Martinus Hartley JB (1962) The egg of Tetrix (Tetrigi- Bufonides Bolivar (Orthoptera,Tetrigidae). Nijhoff, 104pp. DOI 10.1007/978-94-011- dae, Orthoptera), with a discussion on the Proceedings of the Royal Entomological 9487-7 probable significance of the anterior horn. Society of London 9(2):30-38. Rentz D C F (1991) Orthoptera. In: Insects of Journal of Cell Science 103: 253-259. Nabours R K (1929) The genetics of the Tet- Australia (edited by CSIRO). Melbourne: Harz K (1975) Die Orthopteren Europas II. tigidae (grouse locusts). Contribution nº Melbourne University Press 369-393pp. Studying locust phase polyphenism of the Central American locust: tales from the field By BERT FOQUET Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, USA [email protected] ithin the order Orthoptera, locusts are among the most enigmatic species. They form large WW migratory swarms or hopper bands, and exhibit density- dependent phase polyphenism. This polyphenism entails the existence of two distinct phases: a solitarious and a gregarious phase that are found at low and high population densities, respectively. They differ in several traits, including, but not limited to, behavior, morphology, nymphal col- oration, physiology, and reproduction (Pener and Simpson, 2009; Cullen et al., 2017). Upon increasing popula- Figure 1. (A) Locations of the six field sites used in the study; (B) experimental set-up of the tion densities, solitarious locusts will study; (C) gregarious (left) and solitarious (right) locusts with transmitters glued on abdomen. turn into gregarious individuals, while The picture was taken after the experiment was performed. the opposite process occurs when population densities become very characteristics. At the moment, it is teams and scientists. However, the low. This process of gregarization unclear whether these differences in Central American locust S. piceifrons and solitarization has been studied in gregarization and solitarization are is a very suitable alternative to the the lab for two different locust spe- due to differences in their respective regular, well-studied locust species. cies: the desert locust, Schistocerca biology; for instance, both locust spe- Not only does this locust swarm every gregaria (Roessingh et al., 1994) and cies differ significantly in habitat. 3-4 years in its main gregarious zone the migratory locust, Locusta migra- The relation between biology and in Yucatan in Mexico, it is also well- toria (Guo et al., 2011). These studies solitarization/gregarization is hard controlled, and the local locust control show clear differences between the to study in the lab, as the surround- team has an excellent knowledge of different species, possibly due to dif- ings for locusts in the field are many the whereabouts of the locust at any ferences in their biology. For instance, times more complex. Field research time. Our lab started a colony of this in S. gregaria, solitarious nymphs on locusts is often hindered by a species a few years ago, giving us the gregarize within a few hours, while combination of factors, including perfect opportunity to compare lab- it takes several days for gregarious the fact that swarms usually are few generated and field-generated data. nymphs to become solitarious. As and far apart, the lack of accessibil- Our lab started by studying the opposed to L. migratoria, in which ity to field sites (locusts often swarm time course of gregarization and it takes much longer for solitarious in politically unstable regions), and solitarization in the lab (results not nymphs to gregarize, while gregarious a lack of good connections, or even shown). This data shows that our spe- nymphs quickly lose their gregarious a disconnect between locust control cies reacts similar to S. gregaria in a
Volume 39 (3) / September 2019 21 METALEPTEA find last instar nymphs that would not turn into adults in the middle of our experiment. We performed a total of three repli- cations of each translocation experi- ment. For the “solitarious to gregari- ous” experiment, 12 solitarious and 12 gregarious nymphs were released in a hopper band and tracked for three consecutive days (Fig. 2B). For the “gregarious to solitarious” experi- ment, 6 solitarious and 6 gregarious individuals were followed for two days. Even though I would have liked to increase both sample size and time of every trial, there was a very clear time limitation to this experiment. There is only a three-week time win- dow during which last instar nymphs are present, and there is only a certain amount of individuals you can track each day. With the next opportunity to study swarming locusts in Yucatan Figure 2. (A) a hopper band in the early morning, right before they start marching; (B) and (C) possibly not appearing for another marching locusts; (D) locusts clustering together again in the late afternoon, ready to roost at four years, we had to make the most night. of it. Before starting the experiments, laboratory setting: solitarious nymphs bands that I could use in my experi- we carefully designed them so that I quickly gregarize (fast change after 2 ment was quite easy (Fig. 2A), at least would get the most out of every day, hours, after which no further change for the locust control team. Time after while at the same time not overload- occurs), while gregarious nymphs time we would be driving for an hour ing myself. Let’s say this was a partial only slightly solitarize in the first when suddenly the driver suddenly success: I definitely succeeded in get- hours, but even after 48 hours about stopped, retraced their tracks for ting the most out of every day. Field- half of the assayed individuals still several meters, and said that we were work has the tendency to be more behave like gregarious nymphs. Now getting out. And sure enough, after complicated when you are actually it was time to travel to Yucatan, where crossing the barbed wire and walking doing it then when you’re designing hopper bands were currently roam- for another 500 meters into tropical experiments on a whiteboard from the ing the countryside (Fig. 1). I stayed farmland with waist-high tropical comforts of an air-conditioned room. in Tizimin, Yucatan from November vegetation, we would find ourselves Experiments were scheduled to start 12-31, 2018 and met up with Mario surrounded by thousands of gregari- at 8:00 AM every day and finish at Poot-Pech and the rest of the locust ous nymphs. Even though they said 6 PM. Of course, the field sites were control team of CESVY-SENASICA. they used clues like the color and consistently over one hour of driv- We decided to do a translocation ex- the stature of the vegetation to detect ing from Tizimin, so that I woke up periment, moving gregarious nymphs locust swarms, it always left me with every day around 6:30 AM. Breakfast to a solitarious site and moving a sense of wonder of how they were quickly became a luxury that I did not solitarious nymphs into a hopper band able to perform this feat time after have time for half of the time (Fig. (Fig. 2B). We glued a PicoPip Ag337- time again. Finding locations with 3A). Halfway during the trip, day- transmitter glued on the pronotum of solitarious nymphs proved to be hard- light saving time ended and time was every experimental animal with floral er: there seemed to be just one large moved an hour forward. As you might glue (Fig. 2C), so that they could be area where densities were low enough expect, the locusts could not have tracked using a Yagi 148-152 MHz for locusts to still be in their solitari- cared less and did not change their antenna with a Biotracker Receiver ous phase (Fig. 2A). And, of course, daily schedule, so I finished off my (Fig. 3B). densities were so low here that by the last experiments waking up at 5:30 Finding three locations with hopper end of the trip, we were struggling to every morning. Volume 39 (3) / September 2019 22 METALEPTEA Conditions in the field were harsh. Temperatures started off around 26°C in the early morning and rose to high thirties during the day. During the first week thunderstorms would come and go, and the open terrain did not offer a lot of cover (Fig. 3C&D). My con- stantly soaked feet quickly felt like some kind of painful pudding. When the rains finally stopped I realized the ever-present sun was burning my hands and face so badly that sun- screen didn’t really help, and again I cursed the open terrain that would not offer a lot of cover. Moreover, I was getting more and more sleep- Figure 3. (A) what I would call an excellent breakfast!; (B) Me tracking locusts using a Yagi 148- deprived: every evening I still had to 152 MHz antenna with a Biotracker Receiver. Locations of tracked locusts were marked with a get dinner, finish my field notebook, GPS; (C) My awesome encampment, and also my only cover from rain and sun; (D) habitat at and discuss what I needed for fol- field site 1. In the background, dark clouds are lurking, bringing not only rain but also painful feet. lowing experiments. As the locust control team was eager to kill off all time. Finding all the tracked locusts while the only casualties on our side the locusts, their job after all, we had often took us until long after night- were two stings (Carlos also hit one to decide which bands were not much fall, which made it even more fun of the other Mexicans with the flat of of a threat for agriculture, so that I to find the transmitters of locust that his machete, but in doing so killed the could still use them. However, I was a had died or been eaten. Just imagine wasp that would have stung him). happy man! Seeing wild locusts with your search image is a bright green If at this point you are wondering my own eyes has been a dream for or orange locust, but instead you are how I could possibly survive three me for a long time, but these feelings actually looking for a black transmit- weeks of such hardships: the secrets only became stronger once I started ter, at night, on black soil, between are Belgian chocolate and the awe- studying them for my PhD. After 4 dead plant material that, you guessed some people from the locust control years of studying these intriguing ani- it, had turned black. team that always have a smile on their mals in the lab, these hardships were On a positive note, these were face. But even so, two weeks of only definitely worth it. excellent opportunities to improve my sleeping 2-6 hours a night, working But then the hardships got worse. Spanish. It usually took us between in the humid and hot Yucatan sun, Our (not-so-cheap) transmitters lasted 15 and 45 minutes to find a single was apparently too much for me. The for 11 days while every experiment transmitter, so you cannot imagine first two hours of an especially hot only took 2-3 days. You guessed it, the extreme happiness when we saw day (32°C right after the sun got up) we re-used the same transmitters for a locust with transmitter sitting in managed to knock me out into a heat- several experiments. As a result, we plain sight on the top of a plant!! I stroke. Against my will, I decided that had to recapture the locusts at the end especially remember one evening that it was best to leave the experiment as of every trial. When designing the stood out above all others: two of the it was and go back home. The hours experiment, this part was thought to tracked locusts had decided to die in after this were an interesting combina- be easy, and to not take very long. But the middle of 2 square meters of head- tion of good and bad luck. Good luck: it quickly became the most frustrating high vegetation right under a small I was not alone that day, as Jorge part of the whole expedition. Finding wasp nest. Great. I will never forget Humberto Medina Durán was with a scared locust in waist-high vegeta- Carlos Mora, who told me not to wor- me, so that I did not have to drive. tion is not easy. It usually involved ry about it and happily started cutting Bad luck: we got involved in a car ac- two people mowing down the veg- into the vegetation with his machete. cident with a motorcycle and we were etation while I used the antenna and Soon enough, the wasps woke up, and using our collaborator’s car. Luckily, receiver to guide them in the right angrily charged his headlamp. Two it resulted in no human damage, but direction. Sometimes, the presence quick swings with his machete and it did result in me having to sit in the of other vegetation would make me the first two attackers were cleaved car, in the still-hot sun, for an extra misjudge the exact location by 20-50 into two pieces in flight. Over 10 hour. For those of you who have not cm, making us lose more valuable unappreciative wasps died that night, experienced heatstroke before, sitting Volume 39 (3) / September 2019 23 METALEPTEA
Figure 4. Results of tracking locusts in Yucatan. Top panels show data of band (gregarious) sites, bottom panels show data of solitarious locations. On band sites, 12 gregarious and 12 solitarious locusts were released equally on opposite sides of one band and tracked for three days. Each of the three maps shows a total of 11 timepoints where the coordinate of the locust was marked (release and 4 timepoints on day 1, and three timepoints each on the following days). Band site 1 shows how the band split in two, with half of the tracked individuals going one way, while the other half goes the other way. Three solitarious individuals join the band. On band site 2, the band moves in circles for the first two days, making the tracks very confusing. None of the solitarious nymphs join the band. On band site 3, only one gregarious nymph joins the band while four others move in the same direction with a reduced speed. No solitarious nymphs join the band. On solitarious sites, 6 gregarious and 6 solitarious last instar nymphs were released in similar habitat with at least 2 meters between individuals, and were tracked for two days. Each map shows 8 timepoints (release and 4 timepoints on day 1, and three timepoints on day 2). On all three panels, it is evident that gregarious and solitarious nymphs move similar distances. in a hot car for an hour is not the best a laboratory setting. For a full de- dable disaster. Carlos Mora, Gonzalo way to get better. In the end, we got scription and analysis of the results, I Chi, and Carlos Llano all took me to the to our room where I passed out and will refer you to the paper that will be field, helped me recapture locusts at the almost slept for two days! Completely written up about these results, hope- end of the experiment until really late in refreshed, I was ready for another 5 fully within the next year. the evening, offered me food, captured solitarious locusts when I didn’t have days of field work!! time, and, most importantly, they did all Acknowledgements After all experiments were per- of that without ever complaining and with I would like to thank the Orthopterists’ formed, it was already clear that our a smile on their face. I don’t think I would Society for kindly making this awesome field data did not fully support the have survived past day two without them. field expedition possible with the Ted conclusions drawn from our lab re- Further, I would also like to thank Trini- Cohn grant for young researchers. This sults (Fig. 4). For instance, we found dad Canul, Daniel Piste, Luis Tun and trip gave me the experience of a lifetime any other members of the locust control no difference between the distance studying one of my most favorite organ- team that I forgot to mention. Last, I owe moved when either gregarious or soli- isms in the field. During this trip, we also a special thanks to Ricardo Munguia, tarious nymphs were released into the reused part of the material funded by an the manager of CESVY-SENASCA in solitarious zone. On the other hand, earlier Ted Cohn grant to Ryan Selking Mexico, and apologize for any discomfort (Selking, 2018). only three solitarious nymphs out of caused by the car accident. I had a great I would especially like to thank Dr. a total of 36 tested individuals joined time working together with you guys and Mario Poot-Pech, head of the locust the hopper band, suggesting that, not I hope I’ll be able to visit again! control team in Yucatan, without whose surprisingly, gregarization in the field I would further like to thank Jorge help this trip would have been a formi- might be much more complex than in Humberto Medina Durán for assisting Volume 39 (3) / September 2019 24 METALEPTEA me during my last week of field work, my stay in Yucatan to aid in the experi- Advances in Insect Physiology (Vol. 53, pp. even though I’m not sure whether I ever ments. 167-285). Academic Press. want to be ever in a car with you again. Roessingh, P., Simpson, S.J., 1994. The time- Thanks also to my brother, Ruben Foquet, References course of behavioural phase change in Schistocerca for being more skilled in IGIS than I am Pener, M.P., Simpson, S.J., 2009. Locust phase nymphs of the desert locust, polyphenism: an update. Adv. Insect gregaria. Physiol. Entomol. 19, 191–197. and spending several hours to make the Guo, W., Wang, X., Ma, Z., Xue, L., Han, J., Yu, movement maps presented here, Dr. Greg Physiol. 36, 1-286. Cullen, D.A., Cease, A., Latchininsky, A.V., D., Kang, L., 2011. CSP and takeout genes Sword and Dr. Ricardo Mariño-Pérez for Ayali, A., Berry, K., Buhl, J., De Keyser, R., modulate the switch between attraction aiding in the development of ideas for Foquet, B.G, Hadrich, J.C., Matheson, T., and repulsion during behavioral phase field work and Toan Hoang for assisting Ott, S.R., Poot-Pech, M.A., Robinson, B.E., change in the migratory locust. PLoS Genet. me during the first two days of field work. Smith, J., Song, H., Sword, G.A., Vanden 7, e1001291. Last, I owe a great deal to my advisor Dr. Broeck, J., Verdonck, R., Verlinden, H. and Selking, R. (2018) An attempt at using radio Hojun Song, who allowed me to go on Rogers, S.M. , 2017. From molecules to telemetry to understand leaf masquerading Mimetica this trip, helped a lot in designing all the management: mechanisms and conse- behavior in Pictet, 1888: Con- quences of locust phase polyphenism. siderations for future projects, and some experiments and visited two times during observations. Metaleptea 38 (1), 11–14. Orthoptera Species File Grant Reports Digitization of the world’s largest collection of Rhaphidophoridae at the ZIN, St. Petersburg By FRANZISKA BILLMAIER Department of Biogeography Trier University, GERMANY [email protected] or many centuries, mu- seum collections served as reference sources for a small community of researchers worldwide. FF Access to these collec- tions was, and remains, difficult both spatially and temporally. The digitiza- tion of such collections provides the possibility of democratization of access and, moreover, a temporal flexibilization. A photo certainly does not offer the same possibilities of comparison, but they can provide initial clues when determining a species and may thus be the starting point for further Male of Rhaphidophora collina in lateral view; Image by F. Billmaier, online at http: measures. //orthoptera.speciesfile.org/Common/basic/ShowImage.aspx?TaxonNameID=1217627&ImageI That was also the aim of this D=233893. project: to provide access to such an insect collection, at least virtually. database lacked photographs of the unforuntately, about 20-30 % of the During the data collection for popu- collection material stored mainly in specimens are in worse condition. Ac- lation size estimations of the noctur- the cabinets of ZIN St. Petersburg. cording to Mr. Gorochov, additional nal cave cricket Phalangacris allu- This lead to the idea of digitizing alcohol preparations are non-existent. audi (Mahé, Seychelles), another, yet this collection and making it access- The boxes contain specimens from unidentified species was found. This able to a broader research community. these genera: species seemed to belong to family of The collection consists of 10 boxes • Rhaphidophora Rhaphidophoridae, but the morpho- containing dry preparates in very • Stonychophora logical comparison with family mem- mixed condition. The majority of the • Eurhaphidophora bers was impossible because the OSF collection is quite well-preserved, but • Neorhaphidophora Volume 39 (3) / September 2019 25 METALEPTEA Table 1. List of specimens imaged during this project.
• Pararhaphidophora EOS 60D, upgraded with an external Upload • Minirhaphidophora flash. Specimens were photographed Pictures were rotated, cropped, and • Diarhaphidophora lateral, dorsal, ventral, frontal, and partially improved by FastStone Im- distal view. Over two weeks, the age Viewer. The following specimens Digitization following species were photographed: were in very poor conditions, so pho- Photos were taken with a Canon see Table 1. tographs were therefore not added
Volume 39 (3) / September 2019 26 METALEPTEA to the OSF database: • Neorhaphidophora valentinae • Rhaphidophora dehaani • Neorhaphidophora valentinae • Stonychophora cultrifera • Rhaphidophora loricata proxima • Stonychophora cultrifer • Rhaphidophora dammermani • Neorhaphidophora steineri • Stonychophora fulva Contribution of distributional and taxonomical data of Mantodea species and photos of live individuals from West Central Africa By NICOLAS MOULIN Entomologist freelance – Montérolier, FRANCE [email protected] he number of Mantodea contributions in species in the world is photographs. As a nearly 2,500 valid spe- Mantodea special- cies (Wieland & Svenson ist for decades, I 2018). This remains a have also accu- TT small order of insects mulated almost all next to the Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, the bibliography Lepidoptera, etc. The knowledge concerning these about Mantodea that we have is grow- insects. Finally, ing day by day. For several years, a as a volunteer craze has grown, which has led to of the Mantodea many publications that review the collection at the Mantodea taxonomy, from subgenus Muséum national all the way to the order level. d’Histoire naturel- Figure 1. Pseudocreobotra ocellata female adult at the top of Mt Mantodea Species File (MSF) (Otte le (MNHN) in Par- Brazza, Lope NP, Gabon, III-2013. et al. 2019), developed from the is, I have access to publication of R. Ehrmann (2002) and the data of one of locality of the types has been indicat- that of D. Otte & L. Spearman (2005), the largest collections of the world of ed. The species distribution has been established the online foundations for this order of insects; in particular, data updated. The place of conservation of Mantodea. These two last authors, as- on Mantodea from West and Central the types was recorded, as well as the sisted by Martin B.D. Stiewe (editor) Africa. Indeed, France has set up sci- kind of type studied and the category and David C. Eades (Database De- entific research stations in the Congo of the specimen. A link to the photos veloper), have done a remarkable job. Basin. The French presence brought a of types produced by the MNHN has Almost all the citations known during lot of data to the MNHN. Roger Roy, been added (46 species conserved at the creation of MSF are recorded. my mentor, is no stranger to all this MNHN). 71 photos taken by myself, Today, a very large amount of data data accumulated at the MNHN. The in natura, were added (Figs. 1 and are missing concerning each of the Mantodea types preserved in Paris 2) as well as 29 photos from several recorded species: description of the were digitized for four years and are authors whom I thank here: Thibaud types, their location, their distribution. viewable at https://science.mnhn. Decaëns, Guilhem Duvot, Serge Thanks to the regular work of Martin fr. Many types are also digitized on Obounou Menie, and Nil Rahola. Re- B.D. Stiewe, in recent publications, https://mantodearesearch.com/im- cent citations have also been added. species are recorded in detail in MSF. ages/, one of G. Svenson’s Mantodea Nominative descriptions of many The updates to be made are on the projects, along with his collaborators. species have been considered; thus, data recorded from the beginning. Thus, thanks to the support of names of authors and dates have been Since 2010, I have participated in Orthopterists’ Society, I contributed able to find parentheses as the interna- many scientific missions in Central to the knowledge of the Mantodea of tional nomenclature requires. Africa (Cameroon, Central African Central Africa. A list of 137 species, Work on Mantodea continues. I col- Republic, Gabon). These different whose data have been updated, is laborate regularly with Martin B.D. missions allowed me to photograph based on several major publications Stiewe in order to improve MSF as many species in their natural environ- that record these insects in Congo Ba- soon as the opportunity arises during ment. They also allowed me to meet sin countries (Roy 1968, Moulin et al. a work of taxonomy or synthesis of colleagues who could bring me their 2017, Moulin 2018, Roy 2018). The knowledge. I hope that the work done Volume 39 (3) / September 2019 27 METALEPTEA
Figure 2. Example of a species updated on MSF. can be useful. The Mantodea tax- todea) of Sangha-Mbaere Region, Central (République Centrafricaine). Bulletin de la onomy has undergone major changes African Republic, with some ecological data Société entomologique de France, 123 (3) recently (Schwarz & Roy 2019) and and DNA barcoding. Journal of Orthoptera : 343-364. Research, 26 (2): 117-141. Schwarz, C. & R. Roy. 2019. The systemat- rhere is still some work necessary for Moulin, N. 2018. Liste commentée et cata- ics of Mantodea revisited: an updated updating MSF. logue illustré des Mantodea du Gabon. Les classification incorporating multiple data I would like to thank the Orthopter- cahiers de la Fondation Biotope, 24 : 2-60. sources (Insecta: Dictyoptera). Annales de ists’ Society for supporting my proj- Otte, D. & L. Spearman. 2005. Mantida species la Société entomologique de France, 55 (2) file. Catalog of the mantids of the world. : 101-196. ect, María Marta Cigliano for giving Insect Diversity Association, Publication Wieland, F. & G.J. Svenson. 2018. Biodiver- me extra time, Philippe Grandcolas Number 1. Philadelphia. 489 p. sity of Mantodea. In: Foottit, R.G. & Adler, for access to the Mantodea collections Otte, D., L. Spearman & M. B.D. Stiewe. P.H. (Eds), Insect Biodiversity: Science and of MNHN, and Roger Roy for all the Mantodea Species File Online. Version Society, Volume II. John Wiley & Sons, New knowledge he gives me each day. 5.0/5.0. [July 1st, 2019]. http://Mantodea. Jersey, pp. 389-416. SpeciesFile.org Roy, R. 1968. Contribution à la faune du References Congo (Brazzaville). Mission A. Villiers et A. Ehrmann, R. 2002. Mantodea, Gottesan- Descarpentries. LXVIII. Dictyoptères Manto- beterinnen der Welt. Natur und Tier Verlag dea. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Afrique GmbH. Münster, 519 p. Noire, Tome 30, Série A, n°1 : 318-339. Moulin, N., T. Decaëns & P. Annoyer. 2017. Roy, R. 2018. Bilan des récoltes de Mantodea Diversity of mantids (Dictyoptera: Man- réalisées dans le secteur de La Maboké Volume 39 (3) / September 2019 28 METALEPTEA plainable, but fantastic qualities of sentative and past awardees. I would Editorial people who are drawn to Orthoptera. also like to thank our Associate Edi- By HOJUN SONG It might be because our leadership is tor, Derek A. Woller, for his continued Editor, Metaleptea just terrific (which is true) and truly assistance in the editorial process, [email protected] care about the members. Or, perhaps especially during his new fatherhood it may be because of the particular (his son was born July 9, 2019). he very first issue ofMet - size of the order Orthoptera that we To publish in Metaleptea, please aleptea that I put together study (not so big enough to cause any send your contribution to hsong@ as the Editor was issue division, but not so small enough to tamu.edu with a subject line starting 29(2), which was pub- cause in-fighting). In any rate, I can with [Metaleptea]. As for the format, lished in September 2009, confidently say that orthopterists are a MS Word document is preferred and TT exactly 10 years ago. At wonderful people and this society is images should be in JPEG or TIFF that time, I was a postdoc at Brigham the family you need to belong to if format with a resolution of at least Young University looking for a fac- you are young students. 144 DPI. The next issue of Meta- ulty position. That issue prominently This is another fine issue ofMeta - leptea will be published in January th featured our 10 ICO in Antalya, Tur- leptea featuring how vibrant our soci- of 2020, so please send me content key, which was a marvelous meeting. ety is. It is truly sad that we have lost promptly. I look forward to hearing During that meeting Michel Lecoq one of the giants in the field, but his from you soon! stepped down as Past President, and legacy lives on through the numerous welcomed María Marta Cigliano as people that were positively influenced the incoming President. In page 4 of by him. I am thankful to all of the that issue, there was a photo of the contributors, including regional repre- late Ted Cohn with Battal Ciplak who organized the congress, and another photo of the late Carlos Carbonell sitting together with Dave Rentz. On Officers of the Orthopterists’ Society page 12, there was an article about a President: David Hunter, Locust and Grasshopper Control, Dan Otte Symposium honoring his 125 William Webb Drive, McKellar ACT 2617 Australia. achievements, which included a group [email protected] picture in which I was standing be- President-Elect: Axel Hochkirch, Department of Biogeography, Trier tween Kerry Shaw and Bill Cade, and University, Trier, Germany. [email protected] Dan Otte right in the center, and the Executive Director: Mohamed Abdellahi Ould Babah EBBE, l’Institut du late Dick Alexander, who was Dan’s Sahel (INSAH/CLISS), Bamako, Mali. [email protected], Ph.D. advisor, in the middle of the Treasurer: Pamm Mihm, 2417 Fields South Drive, Champaign, IL 61822 first row. Looking at the past issues U.S.A. [email protected]. of Metaleptea is like walking down Managing Editor, JOR: Corinna S. Bazelet, USDA-APHIS Plant memory lane full of amazing mentors, Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Laboratory (PERAL), Raleigh, NC, friends, and colleagues who all share U.S.A. [email protected] the love of Orthoptera. Reading the Editorial Assistant, JOR: Nancy Morris, North Buxton, Ontario, Canada, recollections of those who personally [email protected] knew the late Carlos Carbonell in this Editor, Metaleptea: Hojun Song, Department of Entomology, Texas A&M issue confirms that my sentiment is University, College Station, TX, U.S.A. [email protected] not just my own, but shared among all Associate Editor, Metaleptea: Derek A. Woller, USDA-APHIS-PPQ-S&T of us orthopterists. Phoenix Lab, Phoenix, AZ, U.S.A. [email protected] I tell my students that being in- Officer, Orthoptera Species File: María Marta Cigliano, División volved in scientific societies is a great Entomología, Museo de La Plata, Universidad Nacional de la Plata, way of increasing their networks. It is La Plata, Argentina. [email protected] probably true of any scientific societ- Manager, The Ted Cohn Research Fund: Michel Lecoq, Montpellier, ies, but I think there is something spe- France. [email protected] cial about our society. Maybe it has Webmaster, Orthopterists’ Society Website: Derek A. Woller, USDA- to do with our shared passion about APHIS-PPQ-S&T Phoenix Lab, Phoenix, AZ, U.S.A. grasshoppers, katydids, and crickets [email protected] (and, of course, other orthopterans). Maybe it has to do with some unex-
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