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Host Alarm Calls Attract the Unwanted Attention of the Brood Parasitic
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Host alarm calls attract the unwanted attention of the brood parasitic common cuckoo Attila Marton 1,2*, Attila Fülöp 2,3, Katalin Ozogány1, Csaba Moskát 4,5 & Miklós Bán 1,3,5 It is well known that avian brood parasites lay their eggs in the nests of other bird species, called hosts. It remains less clear, however, just how parasites are able to recognize their hosts and identify the exact location of the appropriate nests to lay their eggs in. While previous studies attributed high importance to visual signals in fnding the hosts’ nests (e.g. nest building activity or the distance and direct sight of the nest from vantage points used by the brood parasites), the role of host acoustic signals during the nest searching stage has been largely neglected. We present experimental evidence that both female and male common cuckoos Cuculus canorus pay attention to their host’s, the great reed warbler’s Acrocephalus arundinaceus alarm calls, relative to the calls of an unparasitized species used as controls. Parallel to this, we found no diference between the visibility of parasitized and unparasitized nests during drone fights, but great reed warblers that alarmed more frequently experienced higher rates of parasitism. We conclude that alarm calls might be advantageous for the hosts when used against enemies or for alerting conspecifcs, but can act in a detrimental manner by providing important nest location cues for eavesdropping brood parasites. Our results suggest that host alarm calls may constitute a suitable trait on which cuckoo nestlings can imprint on to recognize their primary host species later in life. -
Species List (Note, There Was a Pre-Tour to Kenya in 2018 As in 2017, but These Species Were Not Recorded
Tanzania Species List (Note, there was a pre-tour to Kenya in 2018 as in 2017, but these species were not recorded. You can find a Kenya list with the fully annotated 2017 Species List for reference) February 6-18, 2018 Guides: Preston Mutinda and Peg Abbott, Driver/guides William Laiser and John Shoo, and 6 participants: Rob & Anita, Susan and Jan, and Bob and Joan KEYS FOR THIS LIST The # in (#) is the number of days the species was seen on the tour (E) – endemic BIRDS STRUTHIONIDAE: OSTRICHES OSTRICH Struthio camelus massaicus – (8) ANATIDAE: DUCKS & GEESE WHITE-FACED WHISTLING-DUCK Dendrocygna viduata – (2) FULVOUS WHISTLING-DUCK Dendrocygna bicolor – (1) COMB DUCK Sarkidiornis melanotos – (1) EGYPTIAN GOOSE Alopochen aegyptiaca – (12) SPUR-WINGED GOOSE Plectropterus gambensis – (2) RED-BILLED DUCK Anas erythrorhyncha – (4) HOTTENTOT TEAL Anas hottentota – (2) CAPE TEAL Anas capensis – (2) NUMIDIDAE: GUINEAFOWL HELMETED GUINEAFOWL Numida meleagris – (12) PHASIANIDAE: PHEASANTS, GROUSE, AND ALLIES COQUI FRANCOLIN Francolinus coqui – (2) CRESTED FRANCOLIN Francolinus sephaena – (2) HILDEBRANDT'S FRANCOLIN Francolinus hildebrandti – (3) Naturalist Journeys [email protected] 866.900.1146 / Caligo Ventures [email protected] 800.426.7781 naturalistjourneys.com / caligo.com P.O. Box 16545 Portal AZ 85632 FAX: 650.471.7667 YELLOW-NECKED FRANCOLIN Francolinus leucoscepus – (4) [E] GRAY-BREASTED FRANCOLIN Francolinus rufopictus – (4) RED-NECKED FRANCOLIN Francolinus afer – (2) LITTLE GREBE Tachybaptus ruficollis – (1) PHOENICOPTERIDAE:FLAMINGOS -
The Quarterly Journal of Oregon Field Ornithology
$4.95 The quarterly journal of Oregon field ornithology Volume 20, Number 4, Winter 1994 Oregon's First Verified Rustic Bunting 111 Paul Sherrell The Records of the Oregon Bird Records Committee, 1993-1994 113 Harry Nehls Oregon's Next First State Record Bird 115 Bill Tice What will be Oregon's next state record bird?.. 118 Bill Tice Third Specimen of Nuttall's Woodpecker {Picoides nuttallit) in Oregon from Jackson County and Comments on Earlier Records ..119 M. Ralph Browning Stephen P. Cross Identifying Long-billed Curlews Along the Oregon Coast: A Caution 121 Range D. Bayer Birders Add Dollars to Local Economy 122 Douglas Staller Where do chickadees get fur for their nests? 122 Dennis P. Vroman North American Migration Count 123 Pat French Some Thoughts on Acorn Woodpeckers in Oregon 124 George A. Jobanek NEWS AND NOTES OB 20(4) 128 FIELDNOTES. .131 Eastern Oregon, Spring 1994 131 Steve Summers Western Oregon, Spring 1994 137 Gerard Lillie Western Oregon, Winter 1993-94 143 Supplement to OB 20(3): 104, Fall 1994 Jim Johnson COVER PHOTO Clark's Nutcracker at Crater Lake, 17 April 1994. Photo/Skip Russell. CENTER OFO membership form OFO Bookcase Complete checklist of Oregon birds Oregon s Christmas Bird Counts Oregon Birds is looking for material in these categories: Oregon Birds News Briefs on things of temporal importance, such as meetings, birding trips, The quarterly journal of Oregon field ornithology announcements, news items, etc. Articles are longer contributions dealing with identification, distribution, ecology, is a quarterly publication of Oregon Field OREGON BIRDS management, conservation, taxonomy, Ornithologists, an Oregon not-for-profit corporation. -
Disaggregation of Bird Families Listed on Cms Appendix Ii
Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals 2nd Meeting of the Sessional Committee of the CMS Scientific Council (ScC-SC2) Bonn, Germany, 10 – 14 July 2017 UNEP/CMS/ScC-SC2/Inf.3 DISAGGREGATION OF BIRD FAMILIES LISTED ON CMS APPENDIX II (Prepared by the Appointed Councillors for Birds) Summary: The first meeting of the Sessional Committee of the Scientific Council identified the adoption of a new standard reference for avian taxonomy as an opportunity to disaggregate the higher-level taxa listed on Appendix II and to identify those that are considered to be migratory species and that have an unfavourable conservation status. The current paper presents an initial analysis of the higher-level disaggregation using the Handbook of the Birds of the World/BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World Volumes 1 and 2 taxonomy, and identifies the challenges in completing the analysis to identify all of the migratory species and the corresponding Range States. The document has been prepared by the COP Appointed Scientific Councilors for Birds. This is a supplementary paper to COP document UNEP/CMS/COP12/Doc.25.3 on Taxonomy and Nomenclature UNEP/CMS/ScC-Sc2/Inf.3 DISAGGREGATION OF BIRD FAMILIES LISTED ON CMS APPENDIX II 1. Through Resolution 11.19, the Conference of Parties adopted as the standard reference for bird taxonomy and nomenclature for Non-Passerine species the Handbook of the Birds of the World/BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World, Volume 1: Non-Passerines, by Josep del Hoyo and Nigel J. Collar (2014); 2. -
The Common Cuckoo Is an Effective Indicator of High Bird Species
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN The common cuckoo is an effective indicator of high bird species richness in Asia and Europe Received: 16 February 2017 Federico Morelli1, Anders Pape Møller2, Emma Nelson3, Yanina Benedetti1, Wei Liang 4, Accepted: 19 May 2017 Petra Šímová 1, Marco Moretti5 & Piotr Tryjanowski6 Published: xx xx xxxx Common cuckoo Cuculus canorus is a charismatic bird species with a dominant presence in human culture: from folklore legends to nowadays there is evidence of cuckoos being a prime candidate as a surrogate of bird diversity. Recent studies demonstrated that the cuckoo can predict hotspots of taxonomic diversity and functional diversity of bird communities in European countries. In this study, we demonstrated that the cuckoo is an excellent bioindicator at multi-spatial scale, extending cuckoo surrogacy from Europe to Asia. Even using three different survey methods (transect, square, point counts), comparing the new findings with results of our research in Europe, sites where the cuckoo is present were characterized by greater species richness, while the cuckoo was absent from sites with low species richness. The goodness of fit of models based on point counts ranged between 71 and 92%. Furthermore, the cuckoo population trend mirrors the average population trend and climate suitability of overall bird communities in Europe. The common cuckoo is therefore a suitable intercontinental bioindicator of hotspots of bird richness, even under climate change scenarios or in areas where the species co-occurs with other cuckoo species, opening a new avenue for standardized citizen science on bird biodiversity surveys worldwide. Why is the common cuckoo Cuculus canorus a fascinating bird species for humans? What are the main reasons for the species being known as “a messenger of spring and morality”1, and why is it so conspicuous in human culture? A review of folklore shows clearly that the enigmatic cuckoo has driven the collective imagination of people throughout the world for thousands of years. -
Striking Difference in Response to Expanding Brood Parasites by Birds in Western and Eastern Beringia
J. Field Ornithol. 0(0):1–9, 2018 DOI: 10.1111/jofo.12247 Striking difference in response to expanding brood parasites by birds in western and eastern Beringia Vladimir Dinets,1,2,7 Kristaps Sokolovskis,3,4 Daniel Hanley,5 and Mark E. Hauber6 1Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Tancha 1919-1, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0497, Japan 2Psychology Department, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA 3Molecular Ecology and Evolution Lab, Lund University, S€olvegatan 37, Lund 223 62, Sweden 4Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, Norbyvagen€ 14D, Uppsala 752 36, Sweden 5Department of Biology, Long Island University – Post, Brookville, New York 11548, USA 6Department of Animal Biology, School of Integrative Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA Received 30 November 2017; accepted 8 March 2018 ABSTRACT. Two species of obligate brood-parasitic Cuculus cuckoos are expanding their ranges in Beringia. Both now breed on the Asian side, close to the Bering Strait, and are found in Alaska during the breeding season. From May to July 2017, we used painted 3D-printed model eggs of two cuckoo host-races breeding in northeastern Siberia to test behavioral responses of native songbirds on both sides of the Bering Strait, with particular attention to species that are known cuckoo hosts in their Siberian range. Each host nest was tested after the second egg was laid and, if possible, again 4 days later with a model of a different type. Although our Siberian study site was also outside the known breeding ranges of the cuckoos, we found that Siberian birds had strong anti-parasite responses, with 14 of 22 models rejected. -
Individually Distinctive Vocalization in Common Cuckoos (Cuculus Canorus)
1 1 Individually distinctive vocalization in Common Cuckoos 2 (Cuculus canorus) 3 4 1 2 3 5 Sándor Zsebők , Csaba Moskát , Miklós Bán * 6 7 8 1Behavioural Ecology Group, Department of Systematic Zoology and Ecology, Eötvös 9 University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. sétány 1/C., Budapest, Hungary 10 2MTA-ELTE-MTM Ecology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, a joint 11 research group of the Biological Institute of Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Pázmány 12 Péter sétány 1/C., H-1117 Budapest, Hungary and the Hungarian Natural History Museum, 13 Baross u. 13., Budapest, H-1088, Hungary 14 3MTA-DE "Lendület" Behavioural Ecology Research Group, Department of Evolutionary 15 Zoology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, H-4010, Hungary 16 17 *Corresponding Author: Miklós Bán, [email protected] 18 19 Keywords: Common Cuckoo, Cuculus canorus, sound analysis, individual discrimination, 20 classification accuracy, acoustic signatures 21 22 Word count: 5,932 23 24 25 2 26 ABSTRACT 27 28 Distinctive individual vocalizations are advantageous in several social contexts. Both genetic 29 and environmental effects are responsible for this phenomenon resulting in different 30 frequencies and time domains of sounds in birds. This individuality can be utilized in 31 breeding bird censuses and abundance estimates. In this study we explored the individuality 32 of the advertisement calls of male Common Cuckoos (Cuculus canorus) with the aims of 33 describing the acoustic ways in which individuals differ from each other, and characterizing 34 the practical requirements for using statistical learning methods for individual recognition. 35 We collected calls from a Hungarian cuckoo population and conducted discriminant function 36 analysis on acoustic parameters to distinguish individuals. -
Diving Times of Grebes and Masked Ducks
April 1974] GeneralNotes 415 We wish to thank Dean Amadon of the American Museum of Natural History; Marshall Howe of the Bird and Mammal Laboratories, National Museum of Natural History; Oliver L. Austin, Jr. of the Florida State Museum; and Dwain W. Warner of the Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, for providing specimensfor examination. Observationsand measurementswere made while conductinga study of wintering Common Loons funded in part by the Zoology Department of the University of Minnesota. William D. Schmid and Dwain W. Warner provided help with the manuscript. L•rERArURE CITED BI.rCKI.E¾, P.A. 1972. The changingseason. Amer. Birds 26: 574. CARLSOn,C. W. 1971. Arctic Loon at Ocean City, Maryland. Maryland Birdlife 27: 68-72. Gmsco•r, L. 1943. Notes on the Pacific Loons. Bull. MassachusettsAudubon Soc. 27: 106-109. PAL•rEa, R. S. 1962. Handbook of North American birds. New Haven, Con- necticut, Yale Univ. Press. Po•ra•r, R.H. 1951. Audubon water bird guide. Garden City, New York, Double- day and Co. ROBBINS,C., B. Ba•nJ•, ^•) H. S. Z•r. 1966. Birds of North America. New York, Golden Press. W•x•r•m•¾,H. F. (Ed.). 1940. The handbookof British birds. London, Witherby, Ltd. A•r•ro•¾ E..McI•r¾• and Jm)•r•r W. McintYre, Department ot Zoology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, $.•455. Accepted 30 May 73. Diving times of grebes and Masked Ducks.--Least Grebes (Podiceps dominicus)and Masked Ducks (Oxyura dominica) were found to have significantly different diving times at a small pond near Turrialba, Costa Rica in 1963 (Jenni 1969, Auk 86: 355). -
FIRST OCCURRENCE of the PADDYFIELD WARBLER ACROCEPHALUS AGRICOLA in the Society: Valletta, ,'!Alta
IL-MERILL No. 25 1988 IL-MERILL No. 25 1988 Sultana,J. & Gauci,C. 1982. A New Guide to the Birds of Malta. lhe Ornithological FIRST OCCURRENCE OF THE PADDYFIELD WARBLER ACROCEPHALUS AGRICOLA IN THE Society: Valletta, ,'!alta. MALTESE ISLANDS Sultana,J., Gauci,C. & Beaman M. 1975. A Guide to the Birds of Malta, Malta While ringing in a maize-field at Lunzjata, Gozo on 5 September 1986, an unfamiliar Ornithological Society: Valletta, Malta. Acxocephalus warbler was found in one of the mist-nets. lhe bird's upperparts were similar to those of a Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus but with a slightly pale rufous rump. It had a conspicuous whitish supercilium which was well marked behind the Nataline Fenech & Saviour Balzan eye. lhe underparts were whitish with a very pale tinge of buff on the throat, breast N.F. - 35 Main Street, Attard, Malta and belly. lhe flanks had a light olive-brown wash. lhe legs were pinkish with yellow soLes, and the iris was olive brown. It was identified as a Paddyfield Warbler S.B. - 6/7 Mdina Road, Naxxar, Malta. Acrocephalus agricola. Biometrics, taken in mm., were: wing- 55; tail- 49 (outer rectrice 42); bill (from skull)- 14.5 (from feathering)- 9.5; and tarsus 21.5. Wing point was 3rd=4th and it had emarginated 3rd and 4th, and slightly on 5th, primaries (counted ascendantlyl. lhe bird was retrapped in the same area the following day. When released it was heard calling 'gish- gish'. FIRST BREEDING RECORDS OF THE MOORHEN GALLINULA CHLOROPUS IN GOZO lhe Paddyfield Warbler breeds in S.Russia and Asia and is vagrant to Europe. -
Rejection Behavior by Common Cuckoo Hosts Towards Artificial Brood Parasite Eggs
REJECTION BEHAVIOR BY COMMON CUCKOO HOSTS TOWARDS ARTIFICIAL BROOD PARASITE EGGS ARNE MOKSNES, EIVIN ROSKAFT, AND ANDERS T. BRAA Departmentof Zoology,University of Trondheim,N-7055 Dragvoll,Norway ABSTRACT.--Westudied the rejectionbehavior shown by differentNorwegian cuckoo hosts towardsartificial CommonCuckoo (Cuculus canorus) eggs. The hostswith the largestbills were graspejectors, those with medium-sizedbills were mostlypuncture ejectors, while those with the smallestbills generally desertedtheir nestswhen parasitizedexperimentally with an artificial egg. There were a few exceptionsto this general rule. Becausethe Common Cuckooand Brown-headedCowbird (Molothrus ater) lay eggsthat aresimilar in shape,volume, and eggshellthickness, and they parasitizenests of similarly sizedhost species,we support the punctureresistance hypothesis proposed to explain the adaptivevalue (or evolution)of strengthin cowbirdeggs. The primary assumptionand predictionof this hypothesisare that somehosts have bills too small to graspparasitic eggs and thereforemust puncture-eject them,and that smallerhosts do notadopt ejection behavior because of the heavycost involved in puncture-ejectingthe thick-shelledparasitic egg. We comparedour resultswith thosefor North AmericanBrown-headed Cowbird hosts and we found a significantlyhigher propor- tion of rejectersamong CommonCuckoo hosts with graspindices (i.e. bill length x bill breadth)of <200 mm2. Cuckoo hosts ejected parasitic eggs rather than acceptthem as cowbird hostsdid. Amongthe CommonCuckoo hosts, the costof acceptinga parasiticegg probably alwaysexceeds that of rejectionbecause cuckoo nestlings typically eject all hosteggs or nestlingsshortly after they hatch.Received 25 February1990, accepted 23 October1990. THEEGGS of many brood parasiteshave thick- nestseither by grasping the eggs or by punc- er shells than the eggs of other bird speciesof turing the eggs before removal. Rohwer and similar size (Lack 1968,Spaw and Rohwer 1987). -
A Little Bunting Reaches Baja California Sur KURT A
NOTES A LITTLE BUNTING REACHES BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR KURT A. RADAMAKER, 8741 E. San Pedro Dr., Scottsdale, Arizona 85258; [email protected] DAVID J. POWELL, 11001 N. 7th St., #1184, Phoenix, Arizona 85020; [email protected] At midday on 8 October 2008, we discovered a Little Bunting (Emberiza pusilla) at Rancho San José de Castro on the Vizcaíno Peninsula, Baja California Sur (cover photo, Figure 1). This sighting represents the first record of this Old World species from Mexico and only the third for North America south of Alaska. Rancho San José de Castro is located at 27° 32′ 20.83″ N, 114° 28′ 24.29″ W, approximately 3 km toward Bahía Asunción south of the main road from Ejido Viz- caíno to Bahía Tortugas. The ranch consists of a few small structures and dwellings, a small livestock pen, a natural spring and a pond about 50 m wide, an orchard, and several large trees and plantings. It is one of several small ranches that dot the immense, xeric landscape of the Vizcaíno Peninsula, a rugged and barren promon- tory jutting far out into the Pacific Ocean about midway down the Baja California Peninsula, south and west of Guerrero Negro. Its proximity to the ocean, isolation, and barren landscape, with only a few remote ranches and fishing villages, make it an ideal location for finding migrants and vagrants (Howell et al. 2001). Ever since the discovery of Mexico’s first Arctic Warbler (Phylloscopus borealis) there (Pyle and Howell (1993), it has been birded nearly annually, producing a number of noteworthy sightings (1991–2000 results summarized by Erickson and Howell 2001). -
Notes on the Occurrence of Migrant Wheatears at Nairobi
NOTES ON THE OCCURRENCE OF MIGRANT WHEATEARS AT NAIROBI. By A. F. MORRISON. These notes are compiled from a series of observations made at High Ridge Golf Course, Nairobi, from September, 1943, to March, 1944. Most of the observations were made in the evenings after 5-30 p.m. It was only possible on a few occasions, as at week-ends, to observe at other times of the day. Of the six species of the Genus Oenanthe described in Jackson's Birds of Kenya Colony and the Uganda Protectorate, three migrants and one resident were noted in the area. The resident bird, Oenanthe pileata livingstonii (Tristram) (Zambezi Capped Wheatear) was uncommon. On four days in February, single birds were seen, but that was all. The other three form the subject of these notes. The three species under review are:- (1) Oenanthe oenanthe oenanthe (Linn.), the Common Wheatear, a migrant from Europe, including Great Britain; (2) Oenanthe isabellina (Temm.), the Isabelline Chat, a visitor from Russia and Asia; and (3) Oenanthe leucomela leucomela (Pall.), the Pied Wheatear, another visitor from Russia. OCCURRENCE AND DISTRIBUTION. The Common Wheatear was first recorded on 29th September, 1943, and last recorded on 24th March, 1944, d. Jackson (op. cit.) who records the earliest and latest dates as 26th September and 26th March respectively. It soon appeared probable that a definite, though small number of the birds had adopted the observed area as their winter quarters. With the object of ascertaining whether this was indeed the case, a count of the three species was begun on 13th December, and was continued until it was clear that the last bird had departed.