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Introduction and Objectives

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Introduction and Objectives HABITAT CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT AND CONSERVATION STRATEGY THE LEMHI PENSTEMON Penstemon lemhiensis Introduction and Objectives ...................................................................................................... 3 Taxonomy and morphology....................................................................................................... 4 Taxonomy ........................................................................................................................4 General Non-technical Description ............................................................................... 4 Technical Description..................................................................................................... 5 Notes on Morphology, Biogeography, Phylogenetic History and Hybridizations .... 5 Collections....................................................................................................................... 6 Status ........................................................................................................................................... 8 Status ............................................................................................................................... 8 Distribution, Ownership and Population Size .............................................................. 9 Adequacy of Inventory.................................................................................................. 11 Research and Monitoring......................................................................................................... 12 Ramstetter 1983 ............................................................................................................ 12 Montana Forest Service and BLM Monitoring ............................................................ 12 Idaho Forest Service and BLM Monitoring ................................................................. 13 Autecology ................................................................................................................................ 13 Habitat ............................................................................................................................ 13 General ............................................................................................................... 13 Soil...................................................................................................................... 14 Community Types ............................................................................................. 14 Natural Disturbances ........................................................................................ 15 Reproductive Ecology .................................................................................................. 16 Phenology .......................................................................................................... 16 Allocation to Flowering..................................................................................... 16 Breeding System ............................................................................................... 16 Pollinators.......................................................................................................... 17 Seed Set ............................................................................................................. 17 Dispersal ............................................................................................................ 18 Seed Viability ..................................................................................................... 19 Germination, Seedling Dynamics and Seedbank ........................................... 19 Population Ecology....................................................................................................... 20 Community Relationships........................................................................................................21 Herbivory ....................................................................................................................... 21 Disease and Predation.................................................................................................. 22 Competition ................................................................................................................... 22 Population Trends .................................................................................................................... 22 Anthropogenic Threats ............................................................................................................ 23 Grazing........................................................................................................................... 23 Mining............................................................................................................................. 24 Road Maintenance and Reconstruction...................................................................... 25 Timber Harvest .............................................................................................................. 25 Weeds: Infestation and Control ................................................................................... 25 Community Closure/Lack of Fire................................................................................. 26 Lemhi Penstemon (Penstemon lemhiensis) Habitat Conservation Assessment and Strategy 1997 Page 1 Interaction of Weed Infestation and Fire..................................................................... 27 Demographic Threats ................................................................................................... 27 Conservation Strategy - Overview ......................................................................................... 29 Issues and Goals........................................................................................................... 29 Overview of Strategy .................................................................................................... 30 Conservation of Known Populations............................................................... 30 Inventory ............................................................................................................ 31 Research ............................................................................................................ 31 Coordination ...................................................................................................... 31 Conservation Management Actions for populations............................................................. 31 Classification of Populations....................................................................................... 31 Protection Class A Populations................................................................................... 34 Class B Populations ..................................................................................................... 39 Class C and D Populations .......................................................................................... 41 Research.................................................................................................................................... 42 Germination and Seedbank.......................................................................................... 42 Fire Ecology...................................................................................................................43 Weed Control................................................................................................................. 43 Inventory.................................................................................................................................... 44 Coordination.............................................................................................................................. 45 Reviewers .................................................................................................................................. 46 References................................................................................................................................. 46 Lemhi Penstemon (Penstemon lemhiensis) Habitat Conservation Assessment and Strategy 1997 Page 2 Appendices Appendix I. Summary tables. Appendix II. Montana monitoring data. Appendix III. Idaho monitoring data. Appendix IV. List of species occurring with P. lemhiensis. Appendix V. Recorded population counts and estimates. Appendix VI. Knowledgeable individuals. Appendix VII. Recommended monitoring methodology and inventory data sheets. Appendix VIII. Figures and range-wide maps. Appendix IX. Maps of Montana populations. Appendix X. Complete list of element occurrences from the Montana Natural Heritage Program. Appendix XI. Maps of Idaho populations. Appendix XII. Complete list of element occurrences from the Idaho Conservation Data Center. Lemhi Penstemon (Penstemon lemhiensis) Habitat Conservation Assessment and Strategy 1997 Page 3 HABITAT CONSERVATION ASSESSMENT AND CONSERVATION STRATEGY THE LEMHI PENSTEMON Penstemon lemhiensis 1. Introduction and Objectives Introduction and ObjectivesIntroduction and Objectives This document is a combined Habitat Conservation Assessment (HCA) and Conservation Strategy (CS) for the Lemhi penstemon (Penstemon lemhiensis). This species is considered a "species of concern" by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) based on the recent introduction of a new classification system for candidate
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