Year- 7 Subject- History Topic/Concept- The

Key Terms Key Events of 1066 Lesson One – Why was there an argument over the throne in 1066? Pope The head of the Christian Church – seen as God’s representative on earth 4th January dies without leaving an heir Medieval The period around 500AD-1500AD with little technology or education Feigned retreat A Norman tactic that involved pretending to retreat to draw out the enemy th Monarch The king or queen of a country Lesson Five – How did William use castles to keep control? 6 January is crowned as the new king

Saxons The long-term inhabitants of England, originally from Denmark/Germany Motte The raised mound of earth at the centre of the castle July Harold prepares his army for an invasion from the south

Vikings A group from northern Europe, frequent invaders and expert sailors Bailey The enclosed area containing buildings such as storehouses and barracks September launches an invasion of England Normans A group of people from Normandy, in northern France Keep The strong fortification on top of the hill from which the Normans kept watch 20th September The Battle of Fulford – a Viking victory over the Saxons Heir Someone nominated to take over from the king or queen after they die Lesson Six – What was the Domesday Survey? st Lesson Two – What happened at Fulford and Stamford Bridge? Census A national survey, a set of questions everyone in the country has to answer 21 September King Harold Godwinson begins to march north Invasion An attempt to take over a country by force Manor The area overseen by a local lord 25th September The Bridge – Saxons defeat Vikings Exile To force someone to leave the country Tenant in Chief The nobleman responsible for each area on behalf of the king 27th September William of Normandy invades England from the south Earl A powerful lord who ruled over a large region on behalf of the king Lesson Seven – How did William punish his enemies? 28th September William’s troops land at on the south coast Shield Wall A defensive tactic commonly used by the English Saxons Rebellion An attempt to get rid of the king or queen by a group of people using violence

Dane Axe A powerful, two-handed, five foot axe used by Saxons and Normans Revolt Same as a rebellion 29th September William occupies Hastings and begins burning villages

Hostage A prisoner taken from your enemy to make sure they cooperate with you Harrying To cause significant damage to something 6th October King Harold arrives back in London Lesson Three and Four – The Lesson Eight – How did William reward his friends? 14th October The Battle of Hastings – Normans defeat the Saxons Archer Soldiers who use a bow and arrow Feudal System The way Norman society was organised, with the king at the top th Cavalry Soldiers who fight on horseback Peasants The common people, usually farmers, who had little power in Norman England 25 December William is crowned as the new King of England

Weapons, equipment and troops The Dane Axe was The Fyrd were regular The Housecarls Archers were Cavalry were Britain before 1066 a five foot long, peasants, untrained were highly trained soldiers who used a horse-mounted A sword used for razor-sharp axe in battle, who were and well equipped bow and arrow. soldiers. They England was made up of slashing, not which had to be recruited just before knights that formed They normally could move stabbing. Used by held in both hands. the battle. They had the king’s personal stayed at the back around quickly. two main tribal groups: important soldiers This was used by basic equipment and bodyguard. Harold of the army. The The Normans used Anglo-Saxons: People who and passed down both Saxons and barely any fighting Godwinson had a Normans made cavalry, but Saxons lived in Britain from the 5th through the family. Vikings. experience. few hundred. good use of archers. and Vikings didn’t. century. They included people from tribes who Claimants to the Throne 1066 The Battles of 1066 Features of a Motte and Bailey Castle migrated to the island from Harold Godwinson Harald Hardrada William, Duke of Germany and Denmark. Normandy Vikings: Many Vikings lived in the North of England in the area known as , under Kings like Canute.

Until 1066, the king was Edward the Confessor ♦ English ♦ Related to a ♦ King Edward had (1042-1066). ♦ Popular previous king of promised him the • Edward became king of ♦ One of Edward’s England throne England in 1042 after his advisors ♦ King of the Vikings ♦ England had half-brother died. Before ♦ Powerful and – a powerful group close links with this he had been living in experienced within England Normandy and Normandy. ♦ Important ♦ Popular with Edward had lived • Edward married but had English family Vikings in the north there for a while no children. It was not clear ♦ Edward’s ♦ Outstanding ♦ Powerful and who Edward wanted to be brother-in-law soldier and leader experienced king after him. For a king to ♦ Good soldier ♦ Powerful and ♦ Good soldier die without an heir was a ♦ Claimed Edward experienced ♦ Harold disaster! had promised him ♦ Already a king Godwinson had • He was made a saint and the throne just sworn to support ‘the Confessor’ means before he died his claim someone that is saint-like.