The Sum of All Fears
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Syllabus: Office Hours: Mondays & Wednesdays 12:30 - 1:45Pm Or Tuesdays by Appt
“Now, I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds.” -J. Robert Oppenheimer quoting from the Bhagavad-Gita at the 1st detonation of the atomic bomb “A world without nuclear weapons would be less stable and more dangerous for all of us.” -British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher” IAFS 4500-002/The Post-Cold War World: Global Security: Weapons of Mass Destruction Fall 2018 Instructor: Dr. Gregory D. Young Office: Ketchum Hall, Room 212 E-mail: [email protected] Lecture Times: Mondays, Wednesdays & Fridays, 11:00 – 11:50am in Hellums 104 Syllabus: http://spot.colorado.edu/~gyoung/home/4500/4500_syl.htm Office Hours: Mondays & Wednesdays 12:30 - 1:45pm or Tuesdays by appt. COURSE LINKS • Cold War Timeline • Schedule for Current Event Presentations • Schedule and Links to Course Reading Summaries • Research Paper Sign Up • Research Proposal Grade Sheet • In Class Debate Teams • In Class Debate Rules • In Class Debate Results • Link to Potential Midterm Questions • Midterm Grading Statistical Summary • Research Presentation Schedule • Oral Presentation Grade Sheet • Library Research Page • WMD Links • PowerPoint Links COURSE OBJECTIVES AND DESCRIPTION Twenty-six years have passed since the end of the Cold War, but we are still struggling to understand the nature of the world that has emerged in its wake. What are now the main sources of conflict in the “new world order”, now that the fifty-year bipolar standoff between the U.S. and the USSR has dissolved? Is terrorism of the kind exhibited on 9/11 the biggest threat to global security or is there a new, more sinister threat from weapons of mass destruction? This course is going to focus on the weapons of mass destruction that defined the “balance of terror during the Cold War. -
Table 2.Iii.1. Fissionable Isotopes1
FISSIONABLE ISOTOPES Charles P. Blair Last revised: 2012 “While several isotopes are theoretically fissionable, RANNSAD defines fissionable isotopes as either uranium-233 or 235; plutonium 238, 239, 240, 241, or 242, or Americium-241. See, Ackerman, Asal, Bale, Blair and Rethemeyer, Anatomizing Radiological and Nuclear Non-State Adversaries: Identifying the Adversary, p. 99-101, footnote #10, TABLE 2.III.1. FISSIONABLE ISOTOPES1 Isotope Availability Possible Fission Bare Critical Weapon-types mass2 Uranium-233 MEDIUM: DOE reportedly stores Gun-type or implosion-type 15 kg more than one metric ton of U- 233.3 Uranium-235 HIGH: As of 2007, 1700 metric Gun-type or implosion-type 50 kg tons of HEU existed globally, in both civilian and military stocks.4 Plutonium- HIGH: A separated global stock of Implosion 10 kg 238 plutonium, both civilian and military, of over 500 tons.5 Implosion 10 kg Plutonium- Produced in military and civilian 239 reactor fuels. Typically, reactor Plutonium- grade plutonium (RGP) consists Implosion 40 kg 240 of roughly 60 percent plutonium- Plutonium- 239, 25 percent plutonium-240, Implosion 10-13 kg nine percent plutonium-241, five 241 percent plutonium-242 and one Plutonium- percent plutonium-2386 (these Implosion 89 -100 kg 242 percentages are influenced by how long the fuel is irradiated in the reactor).7 1 This table is drawn, in part, from Charles P. Blair, “Jihadists and Nuclear Weapons,” in Gary A. Ackerman and Jeremy Tamsett, ed., Jihadists and Weapons of Mass Destruction: A Growing Threat (New York: Taylor and Francis, 2009), pp. 196-197. See also, David Albright N 2 “Bare critical mass” refers to the absence of an initiator or a reflector. -
The Sum of All Fears: Israel's Perception of a Nuclear-Armed Iran
Ehud Eiran and Martin B. Malin The Sum of all Fears: Israel’s Perception of a Nuclear-Armed Iran Thucydides’ ancient logic still governs: uncertainty (over Iran’s nuclear intentions) and the fear this inspires (in Israel) increases the risk of another war (in the Middle East). Even if Israel’s response to the Iranian nuclear program does not lead the region into a war, Israel’s fears will be crucial in shaping Middle Eastern politics and will help to determine the stability of the region in the years ahead. The U.S. public has been hearing about Israeli fears of a nuclear Iran for several years. It is understandable if most Americans discount this drama as part of the background noise of international affairsÑa constant feature of international reporting in which the story remains the same, and the dire predictions never pan out. But it is important to pay attention to Israeli concerns about Iran for several reasons. First, Israel not only has a particular view of the threat posed by the military dimension of the Iranian nuclear program, it also has an independent means of taking action to alleviate its fears. Although Israel is less capable than the United States, if Israel were to launch strikes on Iran to set back the nuclear program, the effects would ripple across the region and beyond. Meir Dagan, former head of Israel’s external intelligence agency, the Mossad, warned a number of times that an Israeli attack on Iran would ‘‘ignite a regional war.’’1 Second, Israel’s anxieties over Iran could produce a series of defensive moves and escalating responses which spiral out of control in a manner that neither side Ehud Eiran is an Assistant Professor at the University of Haifa and an Affiliate of the Middle East Negotiation Initiative at the Program on Negotiation, Harvard Law School. -
PART I GENERAL PROVISIONS R12 64E-5.101 Definitions
64E-5 Florida Administrative Code Index PART I GENERAL PROVISIONS R12 64E-5.101 Definitions ................................................................................................. I-1 64E-5.102 Exemptions ............................................................................................. I-23 64E-5.103 Records ................................................................................................... I-24 64E-5.104 Tests ... ................................................................................................... I-24 64E-5.105 Prohibited Use ........................................................................................ I-24 64E-5.106 Units of Exposure and Dose ................................................................... I-25 64E-5 Florida Administrative Code Index 64E-5 Florida Administrative Code Index PART II LICENSING OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS R2 64E-5.201 ...... Licensing of Radioactive Material .............................................................. II-1 64E-5.202 ...... Source Material - Exemptions .................................................................... II-2 R12 64E-5.203 ...... Radioactive Material Other than Source Material - Exemptions ................. II-4 SUBPART A LICENSE TYPES AND FEES R12 64E-5.204 ..... Types of Licenses ..................................................................................... II-13 SUBPART B GENERAL LICENSES 64E-5.205 ..... General Licenses - Source Material ......................................................... -
Toxicological Profile for Plutonium
PLUTONIUM 1 1. PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT This public health statement tells you about plutonium and the effects of exposure to it. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) identifies the most serious hazardous waste sites in the nation. These sites are then placed on the National Priorities List (NPL) and are targeted for long-term federal clean-up activities. Plutonium has been found in at least 16 of the 1,689 current or former NPL sites. Although the total number of NPL sites evaluated for this substance is not known, strict regulations make it unlikely that the number of sites at which plutonium is found would increase in the future as more sites are evaluated. This information is important because these sites may be sources of exposure and exposure to this substance may be harmful. When a substance is released from a large area, such as an industrial plant, or from a container, such as a drum or bottle, it enters the environment. This release does not always lead to exposure. You are normally exposed to a substance only when you come in contact with it. You may be exposed by breathing, eating, or drinking the substance, or by skin contact. However, since plutonium is radioactive, you can also be exposed to its radiation if you are near it. External exposure to radiation may occur from natural or man-made sources. Naturally occurring sources of radiation are cosmic radiation from space or radioactive materials in soil or building materials. Man- made sources of radioactive materials are found in consumer products, industrial equipment, atom bomb fallout, and to a smaller extent from hospital waste and nuclear reactors. -
Appendix: Key Concepts and Vocabulary for Nuclear Energy
Appendix: Key Concepts and Vocabulary for Nuclear Energy The likelihood of fission depends on, among other Power Plant things, the energy of the incoming neutron. Some In most power plants around the world, heat, usually nuclei can undergo fission even when hit by a low- produced in the form of steam, is converted to energy neutron. Such elements are called fissile. electricity. The heat could come through the burning The most important fissile nuclides are the uranium of coal or natural gas, in the case of fossil-fueled isotopes, uranium-235 and uranium-233, and the power plants, or the fission of uranium or plutonium plutonium isotope, plutonium-239. Isotopes are nuclei. The rate of electrical power production in variants of the same chemical element that have these power plants is usually measured in megawatts the same number of protons and electrons, but or millions of watts, and a typical large coal or nuclear differ in the number of neutrons. Of these, only power plant today produces electricity at a rate of uranium-235 is found in nature, and it is found about 1,000 megawatts. A much smaller physical only in very low concentrations. Uranium in nature unit, the kilowatt, is a thousand watts, and large contains 0.7 percent uranium-235 and 99.3 percent household appliances use electricity at a rate of a few uranium-238. This more abundant variety is an kilowatts when they are running. The reader will have important example of a nucleus that can be split only heard about the “kilowatt-hour,” which is the amount by a high-energy neutron. -
Amazon Prime Video Now Available on Nos´ Uma 4K Tv
PRESS RELEASE 25/ 03/ 2021 AMAZON PRIME VIDEO NOW AVAILABLE ON NOS´ UMA 4K TV NOS has integrated the Amazon Prime Video streaming service on UMA TV. UMA TV subscribers with an Amazon Prime Video membership can now watch Amazon Original movies and series with the best 4K Ultra HD picture quality. Popular across the world, Amazon Original movies and series are recognized for their quality, so by integrating the Prime Video app into UMA TV, NOS continues to strengthen its entertainment content offer and optimizes the television experience. UMA TV subscribers with an Amazon Prime Video membership have now easy and stress free access to the Prime Video App via the Apps area of the Box menu, and to thousands of movies, series and childrens content from the popular streaming service, with the definition and realism that only 4K HDR can provide. To be noted that NOS is the only operator that offers the 4K box for all subscriptions. Among the Amazon Original movies and series available on the service, and which NOS subscribers with the 4K UMA TV and Amazon Prime Video membership can watch, are the following: - In the Comedy category: The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel (IMDb 8.7- winner of 3 Golden Globes and 20 Emmys), Upload (IMDb 8.0 from the producer of The Office, Greg Daniels) and The Grand Tour (IMDb 8.7- Jeremy Clarkson, Richard Hammond and James May travel the globe driving new and exciting automobiles from manufacturers all over the world.) - In the Action category: Tom Clancy’s Jack Ryan (IMDb 8.1 - based on the novels by Tom Clancy), The Boys (IMDb 8.7 - with a very successful second season recently released) and Hanna (IMDb 7.5) - In the Fantasy category: Carnival Row (IMDb 7.9- with Orlando Bloom and Cara Delevingne), and American Gods (IMDb 7.8). -
CURIUM Element Symbol: Cm Atomic Number: 96
CURIUM Element Symbol: Cm Atomic Number: 96 An initiative of IYC 2011 brought to you by the RACI ROBYN SILK www.raci.org.au CURIUM Element symbol: Cm Atomic number: 96 Curium is a radioactive metallic element of the actinide series, and named after Marie Skłodowska-Curie and her husband Pierre, who are noted for the discovery of Radium. Curium was the first element to be named after a historical person. Curium is a synthetic chemical element, first synthesized in 1944 by Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, and Albert Ghiorso at the University of California, Berkeley, and then formally identified by the same research tea at the wartime Metallurgical Laboratory (now Argonne National Laboratory) at the University of Chicago. The discovery of Curium was closely related to the Manhattan Project, and thus results were kept confidential until after the end of World War II. Seaborg finally announced the discovery of Curium (and Americium) in November 1945 on ‘The Quiz Kids!’, a children’s radio show, five days before an official presentation at an American Chemical Society meeting. The first radioactive isotope of Curium discovered was Curium-242, which was made by bombarding alpha particles onto a Plutonium-239 target in a 60-inch cyclotron (University of California, Berkeley). Nineteen radioactive isotopes of Curium have now been characterized, ranging in atomic mass from 233 to 252. The most stable radioactive isotopes are Curium- 247 with a half-life of 15.6 million years, Curium-248 (half-life 340,000 years), Curium-250 (half-life of 9000 years), and Curium-245 (half-life of 8500 years). -
The Effects of Math Anxiety on Math Achievement in Fifth Grade
The Sum of All Fears: The Effects of Math Anxiety assessed reached only partial mastery of math knowledge and skills fundamental for proficient work at the th4 grade level . In addition to the national implications from on Math Achievement in Fifth Grade Students and the results, there are also local implications as a comparison was made amongst the Implications for School Counselors the 50 states and the District of Columbia . The results indicated that 4th grade students from 33 other states scored higher in math literacy than 4th grade students Sarah E. Ruff and Dr. Susan R. Boes, The University of West Georgia in Georgia, students from 15 states scored lower and two states, Arkansas and New York, scored the same as Georgia students (NCES, 2012) . Despite the continued education reform and political efforts over the past decades, the math achievement Abstract gap has not closed . Numerous research studies have been conducted to pin-point the reasons for Low math achievement is a recurring weakness in many students . Math the gaps in mathematic achievement for American students . The causes are wide anxiety is a persistent and significant theme to math avoidance and low ranging. It is difficult to single out a particular cause for low achievement for achievement . Causes for math anxiety include social, cognitive, and American students, but a persistent theme is math anxiety . The negative effects of academic factors . Interventions to reduce math anxiety are limited as math anxiety on achievement are extensive . Geist (2010) suggests that for many they exclude the expert skills of professional school counselors to help children math achievement is not related to potential level but rather to their fear of and/or negative attitudes toward math . -
Spy Culture and the Making of the Modern Intelligence Agency: from Richard Hannay to James Bond to Drone Warfare By
Spy Culture and the Making of the Modern Intelligence Agency: From Richard Hannay to James Bond to Drone Warfare by Matthew A. Bellamy A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (English Language and Literature) in the University of Michigan 2018 Dissertation Committee: Associate Professor Susan Najita, Chair Professor Daniel Hack Professor Mika Lavaque-Manty Associate Professor Andrea Zemgulys Matthew A. Bellamy [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6914-8116 © Matthew A. Bellamy 2018 DEDICATION This dissertation is dedicated to all my students, from those in Jacksonville, Florida to those in Port-au-Prince, Haiti and Ann Arbor, Michigan. It is also dedicated to the friends and mentors who have been with me over the seven years of my graduate career. Especially to Charity and Charisse. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Dedication ii List of Figures v Abstract vi Chapter 1 Introduction: Espionage as the Loss of Agency 1 Methodology; or, Why Study Spy Fiction? 3 A Brief Overview of the Entwined Histories of Espionage as a Practice and Espionage as a Cultural Product 20 Chapter Outline: Chapters 2 and 3 31 Chapter Outline: Chapters 4, 5 and 6 40 Chapter 2 The Spy Agency as a Discursive Formation, Part 1: Conspiracy, Bureaucracy and the Espionage Mindset 52 The SPECTRE of the Many-Headed HYDRA: Conspiracy and the Public’s Experience of Spy Agencies 64 Writing in the Machine: Bureaucracy and Espionage 86 Chapter 3: The Spy Agency as a Discursive Formation, Part 2: Cruelty and Technophilia -
Summer Reading Suggestions
Summer Reading Suggestions Tom Clancy Talking Books 1. Airborne: A Guided Tour of an Airborne Task Force DB051722 Describes an elite fighting unit of the army and air force--the 82nd Airborne Division--including its personnel, technology, and mission. Also, presents two short stories creating scenarios illustrating the fighting capacity of the unit. 2. Submarine: A Guided Tour Inside a Nuclear Warship DB037742 After a brief history and explanation of building techniques and crew qualifications, Clancy goes aboard a 688I. He explains every aspect of the U.S.S. Miami before moving on to tour a British vessel and provide updates on submarines throughout the world. 3. Into the Storm: A Study in Command DB044821 A study in modern military leadership as seen through the eyes of retired army general Fred Franks, who served in the Vietnam and Gulf wars. Discusses the theory, strategy, and doctrines of war. 4. Special Forces: A Guided Tour of U.S. Army Special Forces DB052128 Portrait of the Green Berets. Discusses their recruitment and training, equipment, and missions. Includes an interview with General Hugh Shelton, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and ends with a mini- novel depicting a terrorist revolution in Indonesia. 5. Against All Enemies DB073301 After his mission to take custody of a high-ranking Taliban prisoner goes horribly wrong, a former Navy SEAL is asked to return to America and investigate an alliance between the Taliban and a Mexican drug cartel. Large Print 1. Clear and Present Danger LT013868 Jack Ryan must consider when it is appropriate to respond to criminal activity with military force when Colombian drug lords assassinate three American officials. -
Nuclear Weapons and Critical Thinking
Preface: Nuclear Weapons and Critical Thinking This seminar on “Nuclear Weapons, Risk and Hope” addresses two basic questions: • How great is the risk that nuclear weapons will be used in anger? • How great is the hope of ending that threat? The following short story summarizes the answer to the first question, and lays a foundation for answering the second: Imagine that a man wearing a TNT vest were to come into the room and, before you could escape, managed to tell you that he wasn’t a suicide bomber and didn’t have the button to set off the explosives. Rather, there were two buttons in very safe hands. One was in Washington with President Obama and the other in Moscow with President Medvedev, so there was nothing to worry about. You’d still get out of that room as fast as you can! Just because we can’t see the nuclear weapons controlled by those two buttons, why have we stayed here for over 50 years, complacently assuming that because Earth’s explosive vest hasn’t yet gone off, it never will? As if confronted by that man, we need to be plotting a rapid escape. Thinking about sitting next to that man wearing the TNT vest brings the risk into clear focus, especially when it is remembered that buttons also are present in London, Paris, Beijing, New Delhi, Islamabad, Jerusalem, and Pyongyang – and terrorists are trying to get a button of their own. This story also helps illuminate the hope: Right now, society complacently assumes that the risk posed by nuclear weapons evaporated with the end of the Cold War.