Blue Line Magazine 2 November 2007 November 2007 Volume 19 Number 9

This month Blue Line Magazine salutes the 50th anniversary of the Service. Step through the past, present and future of this remarkable police service. See Story pg 6.

Cover Photo: Kevin Masterman

6 best in North America 24 A challenge in the Yukon a n historical review of ’s largest and most officers trained and ready to tackle the Yukon trails famous municipal police force 27 If it’s Monday, this must be China 10 Policing in a new age reflecting a world within a city is Toronto’s challenge

12 Officers’ lives anything but uniform an enduring friendship develops through post war policing

38 Advertiser Index 32 Ammetre doesn’t breach privacy rights 38 Back of the Book 33 All grounds for arrest must be considered 36 Blue Pages 34 Checking seatbelt use justifies stop 26 Deep Blue 35 Dispatches 28 Emergency Services 31 Letters 36 Market Place 20 Media and Public Affairs 25,30 News Clips 21 Odditorials 5 Publisher’s Commentary 22 Technology

BlueBlue LineLine MagazineMagazine 33 November 20072007 Blue Line Magazine 4 November 2007 Recognizing the strengths in their people

but a dime to call the station two hours into the by Morley Lymburner shift. Guess who was walking the beat? Scheduling and chasing down leads and One other point struck home. Supervisors sources for this month’s cover story brought never seemed to trust the officers on patrol, back a flood of personal memories of my many and demanded control and discipline whenever years with the (formerly you were within their view. On the street you and awkwardly known as the Metropolitan were the boss, the go-to guy to serve, protect Toronto Police Force). and assure the neighbourhood. You were the The OPP was my first choice but it was not trusted person, expected to wield authority hiring and Toronto was desperate (hey, they getting to a barber. The haircut was completed with wisdom, discretion and judiciousness. hired me). I intended to only stay a couple of that same afternoon, sideburns and all. Contrast this with the station house, where years, attracted, like many others who signed I was posted at a the very you did nothing without permission. You were on at the time, by the desperate need for a good, next day. Having no uniform, I reported in constantly watched and behaviour and deco- steady pay cheque. A quick survey revealed my my green plaid sports jacket, orange shirt, rum were strictly monitored. Any deviation fellow applicants included teachers, engineers, bell bottom pants and tie, carrying a warrant meant swift action, with the usual deduction factory workers, ex-military, recent college card and handcuffs in my pocket. My sergeant of pay – four to eight hours for even the most grads and drop outs. We had two things in com- introduced himself by chewing me out for not minor violation, and supervisors acted like they mon – we were all under 25 and broke. bringing my memo book and night stick. I believed there was a commission coming for I was accepted just two weeks after apply- was paired with Cst. Jimmy Kempster, a mild each documentation. ing, which seems shocking today, but police mannered, good humoured, seasoned veteran I saw a marked change in managerial forces had many more hurdles to overcome in who was completely unflappable. attitudes as the years went on. As older super- those days. The post Second World War hires Our first call was a apartment visors left the job, more modern concepts of were retiring; a 25 year pension opportunity where a deranged elderly lady said she wanted policing displaced the military authority of the was set for 1970 and the race for replacements to kill herself. The opened the past. There was a period when the hunger for had just begun. The news wasn’t all bad for door as soon as we arrived and showed us an change of style was at a feverish pitch, almost recruiters; that same generation produced a glut empty bottle of lye, part of which the lady had as though pent up energy had been released, of boomer babies (like me) looking for jobs, just consumed. Her tongue looked like raw and a more collegial spirit of teamwork took which had become scarce. The real dilemma hamburger. Jimmy told me to sit with her on over. It was an enlightened era that accepted a could be described as similar to offering a the couch and hold her hands. She was moaning variety of policing styles and almost encour- free beer to a tee-toting Scotsman. No one and continually sticking out her raw tongue. aged enthusiasm and innovation. wanted to touch the job but the offer was far I wondered what we were going to do while I left the Toronto Police Service a little too tempting. waiting for the ambulance. Jimmy went to the over ten years ago, but it appears that spirit Would I object to getting my hair cut? the fridge, grabbed a container of orange juice continues today. The service still suffers from recruiter asked. It struck me as a peculiar ques- and encouraged her to drink. She did and it some awkwardness – traffic enforcement, for tion. A cop’s job wasn’t socially acceptable to seem to sooth her mouth almost immediately. example, appears to remain an afterthought my generation of flower-power peaceniks who I was in awe of his cool composure, immediate and modern tools such as airborne patrols are focused on free-love and drugs. For many, the knowledge of what to do and his persuasive- beyond its comprehension. But the core of mere thought of no beard and long hair was ness. She actually smiled at him like he was its strength has always been its people, and I repugnant, so this question was seen as a show her only son. am confident this strength will carry them far stopper for the not-so-serious applicant. Another surprise was discovering how thin beyond any future challenges. It was no problem for this small town boy, that was. After training, I attended who had tired of living on $11 a week pogey. my first posting in the busy Jane-Finch area My previous “career opportunity” paid a mere police station and was surprised to learn that the $50 per week. When the police dangled the afternoon shift consisted of only four officers. princely annual starting salary of $7,250 in Three more would join us in an hour, but two front of me, I signed quickly and lost little time of us would be walking the beat with nothing

Blue Line Magazine 5 November 2007 by Mike Sale War II, it was obvious to the govern- unifying the police and fire departments of the ment that consolidating municipal services was metropolitan area.” This seven member task On Sunday, June 11, 1978, the a high priority. force was led by Charles Otter Bick, Reeve published a headline that spoke volumes: “Met- By 1953, the province had established of the Village of Forest Hill, and included the ro’s Cops: Best in North America.” This wasn’t the Municipality of , a Metropolitan Toronto Chairman, Frederick G. the first time such praise had been heaped upon federation of area municipalities comprised of “Big Daddy” Gardiner. the Metropolitan Toronto Police. the City of Toronto, Town of , Town During 1955, the committee studied all More remarkable were that labels such of , Town of , Town of facets of policing arrangements in greater as, “best on continent” and, “one of the finest Weston, Township of , Township of Toronto. They also travelled across Canada, police establishments in the world,” began , Township of , Township the and Great Britain examining emerging a few short years after the force’s of Scarborough, Township of York, Village of the latest trends and designs for police forces. amalgamation. These opinions were not Forest Hill, Village of Long Branch, Village By the end of the year, the committee recom- unanimously supported when first proposed of Swansea. mended that: but fifty years later, the Toronto Police Service While each municipality continued as its • On January 1, 1957, all existing police continues to be one of the best known and most own entity, maintaining major roads, express- forces in the 13 municipalities of Metro- respected services in the world. ways, and public transit, were managed by the politan Toronto be dissolved. Twenty-first century Toronto Police of- new metropolitan council. Discussions also • A Metropolitan Toronto Police Force be ficers are making valuable contributions to centered on amalgamating local police and fire established having jurisdiction over the the business of policing in one of Canada’s departments to raise standards and improve entire area to succeed the existing 13 police most dynamic communities. Their training is efficiency. In December 1953, this issue was forces and that the personnel employed by exceptional; their equipment, state-of-the-art. accelerated by the disappearance of Marion these 13 municipal forces would form the Their methods are sophisticated and precise, McDowell. original personnel of the proposed Metro- and their relationships with the communities Marion McDowell, an East York teenager, politan Toronto Police Force. they serve help forge new alliances for co- was abducted while in a car with her boyfriend • The Metropolitan Toronto Police Force operation in programs promoting and main- in a remote area of Scarborough Township. be administered under the jurisdiction of taining safe streets. All of this is built upon the When both Scarborough and East York Town- a Metropolitan Board of Commissioners legacy, traditions and spirit of the Metropolitan ship police were called to investigate, neither of Police. Toronto Police. force notified the City of Toronto Police or • An application be made to the Provincial any other police force in the area. Marion Legislature for the necessary amending History McDowell was never found and the case was legislation to implement the recommenda- With the arrival of the twentieth century, never solved. Public reaction was intense and tions of the special committee. Toronto was swelling beyond its civic borders prompted government to initiate a study into • The special committee be authorized to and into surrounding towns, townships and the feasibility of amalgamating police and confer with the Attorney General, munici- villages. Each municipality developed its own fire departments under the new metropolitan pal authorities or other appropriate officials police force to meet the population’s require- government. to determine how the Metropolitan Toronto ments, however, municipal boundaries soon On September 14, 1954, Force should be established, how became invisible and policing services were Toronto Council appointed a special commit- the Metropolitan Board of Commissioners inconsistently delivered. By the end of World tee to, “study and report on the advisability of of Police was to be constituted, etc.

Blue Line Magazine 6 November 2007 On November 15, loss at $1,870, while 1955, Metropolitan To- the Toronto Daily Star ronto Council adopted claimed only $600 was the special committee’s taken. Metropolitan report and applied to the Toronto Police officers Provincial Legislature from Toronto, Leaside, for an amendment to the North York and Forest Municipality of Metro- Hill all responded to politan Toronto Act to the call, but only the permit the establish- Swansea and Leaside ment of a Metropolitan police shared the same Toronto Police Force. Each radio frequency as Toronto municipality would keep its own City Police, hampering the fire department. operation. In fact, there were During the months of nine police radio frequencies March and April 1956, provin- in use among the 13 founding cial and municipal legislation forces. was passed to establish and At amalgamation the Metro appoint members for the Met- Police Commission determined ropolitan Board of Commis- the police fleet was comprised sioners of Police. The ‘Metro of 178 automobiles, 157 mo- Police Commission’ held its torcycles and 18 trucks - for first meeting on Tuesday, May a grand total of 353 vehicles. 15, 1956, and immediately The strength of the force was assumed responsibility for 1985 officers and 223 civil- managing all 13 police forces ian support staff, for a total of with the goal of establishing the 2,208 employees. Metropolitan Toronto Police on A senior rank structure for January 1, 1957. managing the Metropolitan Toronto Police was The founding Commission Chair, Charles The Grand Experiment established with the following ranks: Chief of O. Bick, was appointed to the position of On the evening of Monday, December 31, Police, Deputy Chief of Police, District Chief, Magistrate to qualify for this new role. At the 1956, Police Jack Marks went to Chief and Inspector. time, only a mayor or a magistrate (judge) work as a member of the Toronto City Police The Chief and Deputy Chiefs were all could serve as chair of a police commission, Traffic Branch. When he reported off duty the former members of the Toronto City Police a requirement Metropolitan Toronto followed following morning, he was a member of the while District Chiefs were, for the most part, until 1985, when provincial amendments al- Metropolitan Toronto Police. former Chief in various suburban lowed ordinary citizens to serve. Such was the case with scores of police of- police forces. While some of the area Chief Establishing the amalgamated force was ficers in stations across Metropolitan Toronto. Constables joined the Metropolitan Toronto not easy. All 13 municipalities were invited to After months of anticipation and preparation, Police as District Chiefs and served in their express their views on amalgamation and nine the New Year had arrived and a new police former municipalities, others chose retirement were opposed for various reasons. Some held force was born. or accepted new, lower ranks. strong beliefs that: Toronto newspapers didn’t publish on New The duplication of badge numbers from • Local problems were best left to local police, Year’s Day, 1957, but the night edition for The one force to the next also meant that badge • A centralized force would lose contact Globe and Mail’s January 2nd paper was on the numbers needed reassignment. Toronto City with the public, streets well before midnight, and first reported Police officers kept their badge numbers while • ‘Esprit de corps’ would be lost, on the successful amalgamation after only 18 suburban officers received theirs in a vaguely • ‘Status quo’ was fine, and, hours of operation. ‘clockwise’ pattern. Even though official • Taxes would rise significantly. The story revealed that, “there [was] much records of this transaction are currently miss- However, five of these opposing munici- confusion” within the Metropolitan Toronto ing, most founding members recall that new palities agreed that centralizing certain services Police Force. Routine reports were not de- badge numbers were received by Etobicoke, would be more efficient. livered to police headquarters, new district North York, Scarborough, East York, and, The four municipalities in favour of designations were not fully understood by Leaside respectively. amalgamation believed they had met their officers and long-held practices of the City of Soon the Metro Police Commission was full potential within the current structure and Toronto Police — like notifying detectives of approving a new badge for detectives and plain- a new, larger police force would yield many serious crimes — were not followed. It was also clothes officers, while uniform officers were advantages including: obvious that suburban officers required greater issued identity warrant cards. Pocket badges • Centralized purchasing, adjustments since the new police force assumed for them would wait until the late 70s. A new • Elimination of duplicate services, organizational and operational features based shoulder flash was also developed and soon • Special police bureaus and communica- on Toronto traditions and routines. The Globe every officer was sporting it on tunics, outer- tions systems, and Mail’s story concluded: “There is much to wear and, in summer dress, on their shirts. • Police laboratories, be done to make the new Metro Police Force From the beginning, Charles Bick had been • Centralized records and traffic manage- work, all officers admit. For the time being, determined to take a rational approach to the ment, and, however, it is a force in name only.” business of building this new police force by • Establishment of one police commission From the very beginning, the Metro Police employing modern methods of analysis and to, “administer the entire metropolitan area Commission had determined that a unified dis- resource management. He had observed that in an impartial manner.” patch system was critical to the success of the police departments in and Los Angeles The Commission also had several priori- amalgamation. While the force would have to had established planning and research depart- ties to focus on, including establishing a new wait a few more months for this innovation, it ments within their organizations. communications system and finding a suitable was painfully obvious that a new radio system By the end of the first week’s operational Chief of Police. couldn’t be delivered soon enough. activity, he was publicly calling for the estab- On Thursday, May 24, 1956, the Police On January 3, 1957, two armed bandits lishment of a similar office to help maximize Commission appointed John robbed the Bank of Montreal at Manor Road efficiency within the police force and determine Chisholm, of the Toronto City Police, Chief of East and Bayview Avenue, in the Town of how many officers were needed for specific jobs. Police for the Metropolitan Toronto Police. Leaside. The Globe and Mail reported the Without any analysis, one thing was certain,

Blue Line Magazine 7 November 2007 police officers and staff were leaving the new death of Chief Chisholm. Street giving central control of all police force. Effective recruiting became a major con- James Mackey served 12 years, the longest patrols across the metropolis. cern and challenge for the next fifty years. term of any Metro Police Chief. His appoint- For all the difficulties the new force faced, Even prior to amalgamation no one an- ment came at a critical time when the force there were some obvious advantages to the new ticipated the need to search for a new Chief of was still struggling to find its way as a new or- Metropolitan Toronto Police. Municipalities Police. John Chisholm, a native of Scotland, ganization. Within a few short years, and under like Mimico, New Toronto and Long Branch, had joined the Toronto City Police in 1920. his leadership, the Metropolitan Toronto Police had originally complained they lacked the He had risen steadily through the ranks and Force would become the envy of jurisdictions resources to manage traffic effectively. For achieved an excellent reputation as a detec- around the world! example, the new Toronto traffic court normally tive and administrator. In 1946, he became In 1956, the budget for Toronto City Police had about 20 names on its docket. With the in- Chief Constable of the Toronto force and the had been $7.4 million and the city stood to save troduction of the Metropolitan Toronto Police, logical choice for Chief of the Metropolitan on policing costs immediately after amalgama- motorcycle officers from the former Etobicoke Toronto Police. tion. The first Metropolitan Toronto Police Township were now patrolling these southern The extent to which Chisholm was affected budget totalled $14 million, two million more municipalities and the court was averaging 250 by the amalgamation and his relationship with than had been forecast. This would only be cases on the docket for each sitting. the new police commission has been the subject possible if suburban municipalities increased More than 500 of the original police offic- of considerable speculation over the years. their contributions to the police budget. ers and civilian support staff are with the serv- In spite of a highly successful career and the Metro Chairman Frederick Gardiner reas- ice today. Their faithful work, and the efforts of appointment to one of the most prominent sured the public and politicians by saying that, thousands of others, established a foundation positions in Canadian policing, John Chisholm “a lot of fancy desks and chairs are in there. for future policing professionals to “Serve and chose to take his own life just 18 months after By the time we rip them out, the budget will Protect.” While the road to today’s success has the police force’s formation. The Metropolitan be $200,000 or $300,000 less.” not always been easy, there remains, within Toronto Police Force was left stunned and sud- A headline in the Toronto Daily Star the service, a quiet sense of historical pride denly without its respected leader. brought other issues to public attention on enhanced by the excitement and anticipation It took only two weeks for the Commission March 11, 1957: “City police stations un- of a new era. to decide upon a new chief. James Mackey, a painted for 40 years – cars called wrecks.” The Junior Inspector, was promoted to the top job story noted that the City of Toronto Police had This is an excerpt from on July 24th, 1954. He was quickly identi- stopped buying typewriters, furniture and cars a new history book of the Toronto Police being fied as a highly capable detective and he was while waiting for the amalgamation. Suburban released in December. reknowned for his dedication and the care he police cars, known to be in very bad shape, The book is entitled put into preparing cases for court. were to be replaced by the reassignment of cars “Best on Continent - During the early days of the Metro from the force but many of these a pictoral review of force, allegations of misconduct were raised couldn’t even make it to the suburbs. Canada’s largest and most famous muicipal concerning police officers in Etobicoke, and On March 17, 1957, the former Toronto police force.” You may Inspector Mackey had been assigned to lead City Police general telephone number, reserve your copy by contacting the Toronto Police Gift an investigation into these problems. His ex- Empire-2-1711 (362-1711), became the Shop at 416 808-7024. ceptional handling of the case did not escape number to call for the Metropolitan Toronto Mike Sale is the Toronto Police Historian. He was the attention of the Metro Police Commission Police. And finally, on April 1, 1957, a new formerly an Inspector and Director of the Public Affairs and he became an instant candidate upon the radio system was installed at 149 College section of the Toronto Police Service.

Metropolitan Toronto Police Milestones 1954 1959 Metropolitan Toronto Council establishes a special com- A new Metropolitan Toronto Police College opens in the mittee to study and report on the advisability of unifying 13 North York community of Willowdale. police and fire departments in the Metropolitan area. Cst. John Perkins, 23, is the first Metropolitan Toronto Police officer to die in the line of duty as a result of a 1955 motorcycle accident while on his way to investigate a Metro Council accepts the committee’s recommendation report of a stolen car. that all police departments should be amalgamated and Motorcycle helmets become mandatory for Metropolitan that the Government of Ontario should enact legislation Toronto Police officers. that will make this possible – the amalgamation of area fire departments is deferred but will be raised over and over 1960 again in the years that follow. The former Toronto City Police Headquarters, at 149 established - with annual salaries starting at $2,312.00. , is no longer capable of accommodat- 1956 The Metropolitan Toronto Police Association and the ing the new force so headquarters is moved to the old The Government of Ontario and the Municipality of Met- Metro Police Commission meet for the first time to negoti- Imperial Oil head office building at 92 King Street East ropolitan Toronto enact legislation which ate a new working agreement for the Force - the Associa- at Church Street. establishes the Board of Commissioners of tion is asking for a 14% raise which will add $600 to a first Police for the Municipality of Metropolitan class constable’s annual salary of $4,200 - a $400 raise is 1961 Toronto and appoints seven members to also being sought for the 200 civilian employees currently Joan Coppin becomes the first female detective in it. The Board holds its first meeting on working in the police districts - 1939 was the last year in Canada – she is transferred to the Metropolitan Toronto May 15, 1956 with Charles O. Bick sitting which Toronto Police earned more than any other police Police Fraud Squad. as full-time chairman. On May 24, 1956, force in Canada - in 1957, police officers in Hamilton and the Board announces that Chief Constable Vancouver are the best paid in the country. 1963 John Chisholm, of the Toronto City Police, Sergeant Willa Fern Alexander is promoted to the rank will become Chief of Police for the Metropolitan Toronto 1958 of Inspector and becomes the highest-ranking woman in Police which will be established on January 1, 1957. The Metropolitan Toronto Police Hold Up Squad is Canadian policing. established. 1957 Chief John Chisholm takes his own life 1965 Thirteen police forces are amalgamated to form and is succeeded by James Page Mackey The new, round shoulder flash of the Metropolitan the Metropolitan Toronto Police, representing the 13 who serves until 1970 – the longest term of Toronto Police is introduced – the new flash is designed municipalities in the federation of Metropolitan Toronto. any Metro Police Chief. specifically for a new ceremonial uniform for mounted A new radio system is established in the spring of 1957 to The Metro Police Commission introduces officers, but, by 1967, it is being worn on the dress tunics unify and improve communications and dispatch capabilities. civilian citations to recognize members of the and outerwear of all Metro Police Officers. Initially a black The Police Commission directs that the Cadet system, public who assist the police in their service to and white crest, it became full colour in 1978. for young people between 17 and 20 years of age, be re- the community.

Blue Line Magazine 8 November 2007 1966 best survive recruiting checks, Adamson: We concentrate 1990 Chairman C. O. Bick reports to the Police Commission on preventing corruption. The detective rank is re-introduced to the Metropolitan that, for the first time in the history of the Metropolitan RIDE (Reduce Impaired Driving Everywhere) is adopted Toronto Police – detectives are equivalent in rank to Toronto Police, a reduction in crime has been reported: across the Metropolitan Toronto Police Force after a two- uniform sergeants; detective sergeants are equivalent to crime in 1965 was 4.24% lower than in 1964. year pilot project in Etobicoke. uniform staff sergeants. 1967 1980 1992 Metropolitan Toronto Police Headquarters is moved to John W. Ackroyd is appointed Chief of Police, suc- Jean Boyd becomes the first female Metro Police officer the former head office of the International Order of Forest- ceeding Harold Adamson – Ackroyd im- to attain the rank of Deputy Chief of Police. ers, at 590 . mediately announces an external manage- ment review of the Metropolitan Toronto 1993 1968 Police which will come to be known as the The Metropolitan Toronto Police Cadet Program for Metropolitan Toronto Police join the Ontario Police Forces “Hickling-Johnston Report”. young people, 17 – 20 years of age, is discontinued. Teletype Network which operates 24 hours-a-day. 1982 1995 1970 Toronto lawyer N. Jane Pepino, be- David J. Boothby is appointed Chief of Harold Adamson, a former Deputy Chief of Police comes the first woman to sit on the Police to succeed William McCormack. Metropolitan Toronto Police Commission. in Scarborough Township, is appointed Michael Boyd is promoted to the rank Chief of the Metropolitan Toronto Police, The universal emergency telephone number, “9-1-1,” succeeding James Mackey. becomes operational in Metropolitan Toronto. of Deputy Chief of Police, having jumped The first Metropolitan Toronto Police re- 616 founding members of the Metropolitan Toronto over all the senior officer ranks, from De- cruit class to attend the Ontario Police Col- Police gather at the Sheraton Centre Hotel to receive com- tective Sergeant to Deputy Chief. lege graduates from the provincial police memorative watches from the Metro Police Commission. The Metropolitan Toronto Police Force training facility – previously, Metropolitan The Metropolitan Toronto Police Force is reorganized to is reorganized to conform to recommen- Toronto Police were trained by their own conform to recommendations of the Hickling-Johnston Report dations contained in the “Beyond 2000” report, a strategy force at the Metro Police College. – “generalist constable,” “zone policing,” and “model divisions,” designed to prepare Metro Police to embrace and advance become part of the new language of the Metro Police force. community policing philosophies and practices in prepara- 1973 The Police amalgamate with the Met- After years of chugging along with six-cylinder engines, ropolitan Toronto Police to become the MTP Marine Unit. tion for the new century. the Metro Police Force begins to convert its patrol and detective fleets to eight-cylinder vehicles. 1983 1996 After losing five Metro Police officers in twelve months (four Metro Toronto Police record the largest number of On April 1st, 426 employees (369 uniform and 57 by gunfire and one struck down by a motor vehicle), citizens armed bank robberies in one day: five, including two at civilian) take advantage of an incentive and retire in the rally at Nathan Phillips Square in support of their police force – the same bank. largest departure of members in one day in the history of Chief Harold Adamson’s office can barely manage the volume the Metropolitan Toronto Police - more than 350 recruits of “Toronto Cops are Tops” letters and cards. 1984 are hired in the months that follow. Chief Harold Adamson directs that all left-handed Jack Marks is appointed Chief of Police, succeeding officers will receive left-handed holsters to improve their John. W. Ackroyd. 1998 safety, following three shootings of police constables, two Metropolitan Toronto and its member municipalities of them fatal. 1985 are dissolved and reunite as the new City of Toronto – the The Metro Police Commission ap- Metropolitan Toronto Police Force becomes the Toronto 1974 proves the introduction of the uniform Police Service and the governing body becomes the To- Metropolitan Toronto Police ranks are realigned to turban for Sikh officers. ronto Police Services Board. conform with standards across Ontario: patrol sergeants At 22-years-of-age, Ms. Sandy Adelson becomes the become sergeants and sergeants become staff sergeants - 1987 youngest member of the Toronto Police Services Board. detectives, detective sergeants and sergeants of detectives Roy Williams is appointed to the Metro are eliminated – investigative personnel will use the ranks Police Commission, becoming its first black representative. 2000 of sergeant and staff sergeant hereafter. The First Annual Law Enforcement Torch Run for , a former member of the Metropolitan Special Olympics, an event sponsored by the Ontario Toronto Police, is appointed Chief of Police 1975 Association of Chiefs of Police, arrives at Varsity Arena to succeed . After years of negotiation and rulings, the “two-man car” in , the scene of the Provincial Floor is introduced for all Metro Police uniform patrols between Hockey Championships for Special Olympics. 2005 the hours of 7:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m. Metro Police take delivery of the first 25 white patrol William S. Blair is appointed Chief of cars, marking the beginning of the end for the yellow Police to succeed Julian Fantino. 1977 police vehicle. Keith Forde is appointed Deputy Chief Metro Police officers shed their traditional long-sleeve of Police, the first black officer in the history grey uniform shirts in favour of new light-blue short- 1989 of the service to attain that rank. sleeved shirts. William McCormack is appointed Chief of Police, succeeding Jack Marks. 2006 1978 Staff Inspector Jim Clark, head of The Toronto Police Services Board The Sunday Star pronounces the Metropolitan Toronto the Metropolitan Toronto Police Morality marks its 50th Anniversary as the gov- Police the finest force in North America - this on the first Bureau, announces that, for the first time erning body for the Metro Toronto-area day of a week-long series of articles in which Canada’s in Metro Police history, cocaine busts policing. largest daily newspaper compares all aspects of policing in outnumber arrests for crimes related to Toronto, Los Angeles and Montreal - some of the headlines marijuana. read, (Toronto) Police are brighter, better trained;Only the

Blue Line Magazine 9 November 2007 by Danielle Francis nocultural equity for all members, and assisting an unwavering desire to one day be in uniform. in the development of a new employment strat- After studying law and security and graduat- Toronto is known for its beauty, culture and, egy to create a more reflective workforce. ing with honours from Algonquin College, he above all, diversity. Concerned about the rapidly Whether it’s translations or cultural under- moved to Toronto to complete a post-graduate aging workforce, corporations and organizations, standing in how to proceed with investigations, diploma in justice studies at , including police, have begun tapping into previ- having a more reflective police service goes where he made the dean’s list. Between attend- ously under-represented groups to help stem the a long way in keeping the city safe. It is also ing school and enjoying his new city, he worked projected labour crisis. important in building community partnerships in retail for seven years, working his way up It’s a two-fold issue for the Toronto Police which, along with strong enforcement, has made to store manager. Service (TPS). It not only faces a projected Toronto one of the safest big cities in North These years prepared Barnes for the polic- labour shortage in a few years but strives to America. None of this happened by accident. ing world. Dealing with customers – the general reflect the communities it serves to continue The TPS created a special ‘recruiting, hir- public – day in and day out would sometimes be effectively policing all Torontonians. ing, and customer relationship management’ very rewarding and other times quite challeng- This organizational culture shift has not strategy in 2006 that focused on developing ing. He sees the similarities in his experiences been undertaken without the leadership of the a new method of attracting, interviewing and now dealing with people who are upset, irate or Toronto Police Services Board (TPSB). developing potential officers. So far it has been in need of help. The TPSB has been forward thinking in a success. While many police agencies struggle Upon graduating from Humber, Barnes ap- setting the tone for the Service’s future, as to fill new hire classes, the TPS has hired 739 plied directly to be a court officer. He didn’t want was evidenced in 2005 when they appointed a new officers since January, 2006. to start off his policing career “cold,” wanting to dynamic Chief who had a fresh perspective, a Classes are not only filled with many vis- get accustomed to the structure of the TPS, ac- history of success, a vast understanding of ef- ible minorities and women, they include people climatized to police culture and most of all, used fective policing, and a passion for diversity. with extensive military or other police service to dealing with criminals. The commitment to change - especially experience. Many officers are in their late 20s, He learned a lot during his two years as a from the top down - was apparent when later beginning second careers, and bring a wealth of court officer, but what stuck with him the most that same year, they strategically appointed an talent, knowledge, education and professional was his meeting with TPS Deputy Chief Keith innovative Command that carried a wealth of experience. Officers like Constables Crispin Forde, who was a Superintendent at the Train- experiences, competencies, and knowledge and Barnes and Yu Ma, who both graduated in early ing and Education unit at the time. Forde told also included a visible minority and a female 2006, are the kind of police officers that reflect him he needed to consider policing because “as Deputy Chief. the changing face of the TPS. an officer you’ll be afforded more opportunity, Since then, the TPSB has worked closely Barnes, a native of Ottawa, always knew and with more opportunity comes the ability to with the Service in the dismantling of systemic that he wanted to be a police officer. Although make change.” Those words motivated him, barriers, establishing a policy on race and eth- there was no family history of policing, he had moving him to be the best that he could be, and

Photo: Kevin Masterman Blue Line Magazine 10 NovemberNovember 2007 when the time was right, he applied. Today, Barnes gives of himself profession- ally but also to the community. He volunteers with Meals on Wheels, coaches a basketball team in Etobicoke and organized an anti- violence basketball tournament called Shoot Hoops not Guns. He is having fun and enjoying the job while riding the steep learning curve. He knows that deciding to be a police officer at a young age was the right choice. Ma’s story is quite similar. She already knew as a young girl that she wanted to be a police officer; her best friend’s father was an officer and she looked up to him. She studied personal fitness training at the and for many years spent her time helping people – the elderly, disenfranchised, Toronto officers lend a hand in Ottawa disabled and poor – at the Ontario Disability by Travis Persaud Support Program (ODSP), which offers finan- and Mexican embassies and the airport for the The importance of the Montebello summit mir- arrival and departure of Air Force One. cial and employment services to some of the rored the value of the Toronto Police Service, as “It was a very fluid operation,” said Cst. Ron most vulnerable members of society. officers, many unknown to each other, became Finley, explaining that any plan could change Ma credits her years with the ODSP for pre- a close-knit family working together for the first in a matter of minutes. In fact, the possibility paring her for the real world that she often sees time. “We took the size of an entire police station of transporting President Bush from Ottawa to as an officer. She learned to deal with people and moved it to Ottawa for six days,” S/Sgt. Joe Montebello kept circulating and changing – they from all strata of society with compassion and Zubek said, of the recent North America Leaders’ had to be prepared for him to go by air, land and dignity, regardless of their situation. Ma has summit in Montebello, Que. water. It was the ever-changing aspect of the found dealing with people as an officer to be The Service, which has no jurisdiction in operation that Finley enjoyed the most. the same, and is thankful for her experience. It’s Quebec, was asked by their Ottawa counter- However, Finley said meeting with other Serv- also very helpful to be able to use her Canton- parts to assist with the increased activity in the ices and officers turned a large, but fairly straight- ese, Mandarin and Chiu Chow to communicate Nation’s capital. forward operation, into a memorable event. while on the job, since her division covers Travelling in buses across the province, over The summit allowed officers to interact and net- eastern Chinatown. She has been called in to 200 officers – under the watchful of S/Supt work with police officers from York, Durham, Peel, translate on several occasions, which she finds Mike Federico – descended upon Ottawa to pro- London and the RCMP. But, as Zubek explained, it rewarding, and appreciates the opportunity to vide security and assist with crowd control during provided a unique opportunity for Toronto officers practice languages she doesn’t often use. the two-day summit, that brought together Prime to interact with each other. The Asian community has responded posi- Minister Stephen Harper, U.S. President George “We have a big Service,” he said. “We had tively to Ma, even though female officers are W. Bush and Mexican President Felipe Calderon officers from 22 and 42 Division who would to discuss matters concerning North America. probably not see each other in the course of typically not a common sight in China. Many Arriving before the start of the summit, officers their careers…and now they have this chance to of them speak to her in Cantonese or Mandarin, assembled their “station” at Algonquin College, which work together.” as they are so surprised, yet pleased, to see her. had to operate in the same manner as a regular To- The lack of familiarity did not pose any prob- Ma has used this to her advantage, choosing to ronto police station. Officers were trained in various lems as they were working together by the end become an official ‘ambassador’ (through the areas including working with a gas mask. of day one. TPS ambassador program) and often attends As intelligence kept coming in, before and dur- “This really brought the Toronto Police Service events geared towards recruiting in the Asian ing the summit, Toronto officers were also sent out together. It was a positive and excellent experience. community. Several received a very high and to patrol areas including Parliament Hill, the U.S I would do it again in a heartbeat,” Zubek said. positive response, illustrating the importance of getting out there and motivating others who see that it can be done. The TPS is looking ahead and working towards a more reflective, inclusive workforce and its efforts have yielded unprecedented results. Of the 739 new recruits hired since January, 2006: • 123 are female officers; • 129 have previous military/police experi- ence; • 437 have either an MA, BA or College Diploma; • 359 represent a vast diversity of women, visible minorities, Aboriginals, GLBT and persons with disabilities. Collectively they speak over 35 lan- guages. The TPS is working hard to be an ‘employ- er of choice,’ and its high calibre of new recruits prove it. Striving for excellence through people and partnerships, it is a leading example to other police agencies across the nation.

Danielle Francis is a research analyst with the Staff Plan- ning & Community Mobilization Unit of the Toronto Police Service. For more information on the Toronto Police Serv- ice, visit www.torontopolice.on.ca or call 416-808-5646.

Blue Line Magazine 11 November 2007 Officers’ lives anything but uniform An enduring friendship develops through post war policing by George Gamester (Gamester’s People - Toronto Star - November 14, 1999)

Excuse us. Mind stepping into the squad car, please? Thank you. Watch your head. Trouble? Not a bit. Just settle back, and let us take you for a ride. That’s Andy behind the wheel there. And the cheerful character on the passenger side is his partner, Smokey. Yes, they are Toronto police officers. And great guys. Now what we’d like to do here is take a little cruise through Andy and Smokey’s lives. And you’re invited to enjoy the trip. First stop is the Horse Palace at Exhibition Park, where Ron “Andy” Anderson is looking for a job. It is December 1, 1945, an exciting time in Toronto. The boys are home from overseas and things are booming. Universities and polite with the police. It was a different jammed. Housing scarce. Jobs plentiful. city then.” A city where you can drive for Andy is lined up with hundreds of others here years without honking your horn. An era when because he’s heard the TCP (Toronto City Police) “road rage” and “the finger” are unknown and is giving preference to ex-servicemen. He likes auto fatalities are rare enough to make front the idea of staying active, working outside. page news. Well, no wonder. This is a guy who’s been After several years roaring around on his leading a rather strenuous out door life for five Harley-Davidson, Andy Anderson receives years - most recently in the hedgerows of Nor- another assignment - the Accident Car. Now mandy, at the Battle of the Bulge and through this is a new development. With so much traf- the bloody fight for the Rhineland. fic, and the population approaching 700,000, Did you see that movie, Saving Private the city needs special mobile units to deal with Ryan? Well Platoon sergeant Anderson, an serious problems. explosives expert with the First Canadian There’s an air of glamour about these cars, Paratroop Battalion, actually lived some of that painted bright yellow and equipped with sirens - dropping 32 kilometres behind enemy lines and flashing lights, which work in shifts of six hours in advance of the D-Day landings to three to patrol the entire city. Andy is now- seize key bridges. He is lucky to be alive. teamed with a partner - Warren “Smokey” Fifty vets are hired at the Horse Palace that Shaddock. day, including Andy and a lad from Scarbor- It’s a perfect pairing. Andy, with his lead- ough Junction named Warren Shaddock who’s ership and battlefield experience can handle served with the Royal Canadian Medical Corps any emergency. Smokey, equally decisive and in the hard slogging through Italy, Holland and sanguine, is a trained medic. Germany. Within days, the boys are fast friends. And Because of their wartime experience on why not? Born within hours of one another motorcycles, both Andy and Warren are as- on Nov. 3 and 4, 1922, both are ex-sergeants signed to the understaffed traffic division on tempered in the crucible of war. And both are Strachan Ave., near the CNE. They are urgently sports-minded sons of World War I vets who needed. In this post war boom, everybody’s were wounded at Vimy Ridge. Exciting work, Yes, it’s a great job - until Sept. 17, 1949. buying cars and the streets are jammed. At snazzy uniforms, almost $50 a week - what It’s a quiet night, clear and cool. The boys are most major intersections in the city, you’ll could be sweeter? working the midnight shift in Accident Car find motorcycle officers on duty - outfitted Well, how about getting your picture in No.3 when the dispatcher asks them to check with military style black uniforms, complete the paper with good-looking young women? the waterfront. An alarm box has been activated with gleaming Sam Browne belt, form fitting This happens often as the boys are assigned to at Pier 9 near the foot of Bay St. “Probably laced breeches, snappy cap, leather boots and “guard” Miss Toronto contestants or pose for pranksters,” says Andy, wheeling south. But leggings. And, if you look closely at these publicity shots with adoring female fans at the when they reach the lakeshore ...Whoa! dashing young men, you’ll note vets such as Police Athletic Games. “The whole sky was glowing,” recalls Andy and Warren also display their World War In the real world of law enforcement, one Andy. “We got on the radio and told them we II campaign ribbons on their tunics. This isn’t of their big assets is Smokey’s photographic had a major fire on our hands. Then we hit the their idea. Chief Dennis Draper, a former briga- memory. Cruising the city with Andy between siren and made for the flames.” dier general, runs the force along army lines. accident investigations, he frequently spots It was the cruise ship Noronic, all Among his standing orders: Officers should stolen or wanted cars because he’s memorized five decks blazing from bow to stem in a dockside polish their bullets. Not that weapons are often their licence plates. conflagration that would snuff 119 lives. needed. A constable’s Acme Thunderer police Even a half-century later, he can tell you Andy and Smokey, the first police on the whistle is usually enough. about 43X10, that hot Merc they nabbed at scene, don’t waste time. Amid the screams of During his motorcycle years, Andy will Bloor and Bay. And let’s not forget W2916 — panicked men, women and children stampeding pull over thousands of cars, alone and without the ‘39 Plymouth they apprehended with an down gangplanks and leaping into the water, Andy fear. “People were almost invariably respectful armed gang of would-be robbers aboard. rips off his uniform and dives into the bay.

Blue Line Magazine 12 November 2007 rescue

Making his way to a painter’s raft off it. And of the abiding truth of those wise old the bow, he joins a civilian named Donald words at the core of their lives: “When you have Williamson, pulling victims from the water. a true friend, you have everything.” Meanwhile, Smokey is setting up a first-aid station, organizing a shuttle service of taxis to Publisher’s Notes ferry the injured to St. Michael’s Hospital and This story was selected for it’s narrative style which establishing triage operation for ambulances. reflects some of the atmosphere that existed with Hour after hour, amid the wailing of the the former Toronto Police service. The horrible ship’s siren, the screams of the victims and the tradgedy of the Noronic fire of 1949, along with the stench of burned flesh, they do what they can. devastation of in 1954, hastened At dawn, an exhausted Andy Anderson the creation of the Metropolitan Toronto Police. staggers along the dock to retrieve his clothes In 1954, the Toronto Police sent Andy Anderson from the fence where he’d left them. Someone to Northwestern University on an Accident Inves- has stolen his wallet and watch. tigation course. While there, he was offered and Andy is credited with saving many lives accepted a scholarship to study Traffic Engineer- that night. Both he and Smokey receive official ing. Once graduated, he joined the Borough of commendations for their actions. Scarborough as Traffic Engineer in 1959. He later Years pass. The on-duty partnership ends. became Executive Assistant to five successive With his extraordinary memory and common Scarborough Mayors. He is a Past President of touch, Smokey moves into court work as an both the Ontario Traffic Conference and of the 1st administrator and special prosecutor, rising to Canadian Parachute Battalion Association. Andy the inspector rank with the new Metropolitan lives in with wife Adrienne. They will Toronto Police. celebrate his 85th birthday with family this Novem- Andy becomes a municipal traffic engineer ber while cruising to South America. in Scarborough and performs too well for his Warren (Smokey) Shaddock retired from policing own good. Next thing he knows, Mayor Albert with the rank of Inspector in 1973. During his policing Campbell has grabbed him to be his executive career Smokey had received seven Merit Marks, assistant. Most mayoral aides last one term. three service awards, a Police Long Service Medal Andy serves a half-dozen Scarborough mayors with Maple Leaf, and three commendations. He for 20 years. then launched into a second career as the Senior Looking back, he has scant regard for Provincial Prosecutor reporting to the Ministry of the politicians. But friends? Well, that’s another Attorney General. For the next ten years he super- matter. Having served one another as best vised 10 Toronto area prosecutors. He retired fully in man at their second marriages, and having 1983 and moved to the Minden area with his second celebrated their 77th birthdays together just wife Joan. He passed away in November, 2001 two weeks ago, Andy and Smokey remain as and is dearly remembered by his wife, 2 children, 2 close as brothers. grandchildren and 4 great grandchildren. Cottaging together, golfing together, observ- ing the 50th anniversary of the Noronic disaster DO YOU HAVE A STORY? together, they cherish their families and wonder Tell us about an unforgettable person re- at the disappearance of the order, discipline and lated to the law enforcement field that has security of the Toronto of their youth. touched, changed or enriched your life or But no complaints. Especially in this month the profession in general. Blue Line will re- of remembrance, when the bugles blow to view these for inclusion in future issues. remind them of the friends who didn’t make

Blue Line Magazine 13 November 2007 Better policing with technology by Matt Collison and make neighbourhoods safer. The closed-circuit (CC) cameras comply It has been more than 170 years since the with guidelines issued by the Ontario Infor- small town of York changed its name to To- mation and Privacy Commissioner. Signs ronto in 1834. The new city’s 9,200 residents announce their presence and community elected newspaper publisher William Lyon information sessions informed residents about MacKenzie as their first mayor; three years the project. Video from the cameras is stored later he led an unsuccessful rebellion, which for 72 hours and then deleted unless it’s used was quickly put down before the 100 rebels in police investigations. could reach city hall. The cameras record 24 hours a day but The Toronto Police Force was founded the police don’t watch the live feeds and only same year as the city, replacing York’s ‘watch review the video when an incident occurs. and ward’ system, which required able bodied CC cameras are widely used as a crime male residents to report as special constables prevention and deterrence tool in the United for a fixed number of nights each year. Refusal Kingdom and United States. meant a fine or imprisonment. The TPS is also outfitting some patrol cars The first high constable was appointed to with cameras and digital video recorders as lead a handful of volunteers. There were no part of a pilot project to record police inter- permanent officers; constables were simply actions with the public. Decals will identify hired as needed. the cars with cameras and officers will also Five full-time, paid constables were ap- inform those they interact with that they’re pointed in 1835 for one year terms, coinciding being recorded. with the term of office of the alderman who The cars will have two cameras, one fac- nominated them. They were paid five shillings ing forward and the other focused on the rear for day duty and seven shillings, six pence seat, and record all interactions, including for night work, a healthy raise from the two traffic stops and prisoner transportation. shillings (days) and six shillings (night) the Officers will wear microphones and the conscripts earned. cameras will begin recording automatically when the siren or emergency lighting is acti- Today vated or if the car is involved in a collision. That five officer complement – one for The officer can also begin recording manually every 1,850 residents – has grown to more to buy and install 15 video cameras in areas with either a master switch in the car or a than 5,700, along with 2,500 civilians, polic- which street crime has been a problem. The switch on the wireless microphone. Some 200 ing some 2.5 million people and answering service is initially using the cameras in differ- officers have been trained on the equipment. more than 1.7 million calls for service a year. ent areas of two problem neighbourhoods and The pilot project will measure three fac- To keep up with the city’s constant expansion, will then move them to other high-risk areas tors – whether officer and community safety the Toronto Police Service (TPS) has turned to of the city if needed. has been enhanced, quality of evidence im- technology to stay one-step ahead – projects The remotely operated cameras have proved and if the cameras help protect officers such as a a new public space camera pilot night vision capability and monitor public from unwarranted accusations of misconduct. project, launched this summer. areas for criminal activity. They will not Any person who’s recorded by a camera will The TPS used $2 million from the prov- replace street officers, notes TPS Chief Bill be able to access the video under the Freedom ince, part of a $51 million anti-crime initiative, Blair, but instead be used to help deter crime of Information Act. Another initiative, the TPS anti-violence intervention strategy, helps police and pros- ecutors deal with armed criminals. Three teams of 18 officers have been deployed to neighbourhoods threatened by gangs. In an attempt to go greener, the TPS tested two Smart cars and two Civic Hybrids under a pilot program and may adopt them on a large scale. The Smart vehicles are already common in London, England, where police find them ideal to patrol congested streets. The pilot program will run until February and, due to the Smart cars ability to operate both in standard and automatic mode with the push of a button, required little training. At a little over two-metres long and with a sphere- like frame that offers tremendous impact strength, they are safer than they look. TPS has also been testing roof-mounted infrared cameras for parking enforcement, which automatically record the license plates of parking offenders, vastly reducing the time spent ticketing each vehicle.

Matt Collison is a staff writer with Blue Line Magazine. He may be reahed at [email protected]

Blue Line Magazine 14 November 2007 Blue Line Magazine 15 November 2007 What am I going to do next? Career management for experienced police officers by Irene Barath

“If you keep doing what you’ve always done, You’ll keep getting what you always got” –Morgan W. McCall, (High Flyers,1998).

One of the most attractive aspects of a policing career is the diversity of tasks and nu- merous opportunities offered during the course of 25-plus years. These become available as police services responsibly fulfill their mandate of protecting and serving the community by ef- fectively and efficiently utilizing all resources, including personnel. The status quo has police administrators handling personnel development and manage- ing profession. in a given area being transferred out at the time ment, a process which raises several questions. Let’s consider a male officer employed of their highest competence. They are replaced A 1998 Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat with a service for eight years. He has com- by new officers who take years to acquire this survey suggests asking: pleted the requirements for first class ranking skill set. This does not even consider the job • Does the organization alone determine who and successfully written the promotional exam satisfaction experienced officers derive as a will be transferred or promoted? but hasn’t yet advanced further through the result of their expertise and can lead to cynicism. • Does a supervisor or manager selectively process. For the past two years he has been Why should officers learn new skills if they are raise the profile of certain subordinates to assigned to a specialized unit which carries going to be arbitrarily moved, with no control provide opportunities within the organiza- some organizational and personal prestige. If over where they are sent next? tion? the ‘task span’ of this current assignment is In his book Emotional Survival for Law • Is it the officer alone who must take the five years at most, then the officer should be Enforcement, Dr. Kevin Gilmartin speaks about responsibility for creating opportunities asking, ‘What am I going to do next?’ It makes the two thing officers can control: and preparing themselves for promotion no sense to sit back and hope the service will • their attitude (level of professionalism) and or transfer? leave him where he is just because he has some • their integrity. An unfortunate reality of police work is specialized skill or currently is very satisfied Those who wait for things to happen and that, even with all of the opportunities available with the job he is doing. complain about the outcomes enter a victim for career development, not every officer will Given that there will be a transfer, the avail- mindset, which can lead to frustration, cynicism get their preferred assignment. This conflict ability of opportunities may create frustration and poor decision making. When officers make between perceived opportunity and the means for experienced officers when there are several their own career management decisions, they for accessing them can be a source of stress. capable, qualified colleagues vying for the same establish a sense of control over their profes- A 2006 study (Operational and organiza- assignment. The level of frustration can increase sional lives. Even when posted in an undesir- tional police stress in an Ontario police depart- exponentially when the expectation and sense able assignment or moved from one they did ment, by Craig Bennell and Alyssa Taylor) of entitlement attached to a prestigious assign- want, they can take back a sense of control found the top three contributors to stress are: ment or promotion are not realized. This issue and potentially avoid self-destructive decision 1. Feeling that different rules apply to dif- is compounded by the practice of some larger making by maintaining a positive attitude and ferent people, police services to have mandatory rotation of acting with integrity. 2. Feeling like you always have to prove personnel based on a set time frame. Recent research into stress in policing yourself to the organization and This designation of a ‘task span’ translates to confirms that, time and again, organizational 3. Inconsistent leadership style. experienced police officers who’ve spent three stressors are more of an issue for police than These stressors are the reality of the polic- or four years developing a high level of expertise operational issues. It also supports previous findings that officers indicating a higher level of job satisfaction report lower levels of stress (Bennell and Taylor). Each relates to how the individual perceives their place in and value to the organization, as well as how the organiza- tion ranks in their list of overall priorities. This concept is not unique to Dr. Gilmartin. In their book Success Built to Last, authors Jerry Porras, Stewart Emery and Mark Thomp- son identify the characteristics of ‘builders’ as persons, who “feel compelled to create some- thing new or better that will endure throughout their lifetime and flourish well beyond.” This builder mindset embodies the thought proc- ess of a person who exercises autonomy over career choices to define success in their life, on the job and more importantly, away from the job. In my experience, most police officers

Blue Line Magazine 16 November 2007 possess the characteristics of builders and want with all passengers and no crew – an untenable to take the next step with an open-mind to the to do challenging work. situation. potential benefits instead of focusing on the We are currently undertaking a research Training administrators and future police obstacles and problems it may create. study at the (OPC) look- leaders is one way to address issues arising In some cases the organization’s culture ing at how experienced police officers define when dealing with expectations of lateral or makes it difficult for officers to manage their career success and what they do to manage vertical advancement. The OPC offers several careers. A case in point is when a constable is their careers. The first step in determining if courses in police leadership to assist supervi- transferred from what is deemed to be a prestig- you are satisfied with your job, write Monica sors and managers in developing their own ious assignment, such as an investigative unit, Belcourt and Kenneth McBey in Strategic potential and leadership qualities. Training to uniform patrol. The first question their new Human Resources Planning, is learning what resources are also allocated to help police lead- supervisors and peers may ask is ‘What did you it takes to make you happy. ers coach or mentor their subordinates through do wrong?’ or ‘Who did you upset?’ It is not Do you want to achieve a particular rank career development hurdles. relevant whether the transfer is the result of a or prestigious assignment? Perhaps you define Police training can also assist officers at lateral development opportunity or personal success as a series of assignments at the consta- all ranks and levels of experience, providing request – the perception is that the movement ble level which allow for flexibility and more the knowledge, skills and abilities to manage is negative. This can have a lasting effect on the time off while never intending to apply for pro- their own careers by gaining personal insight officer’s attitude about the value of the work motion. There is no right or wrong answer – an into their priorities, and helping them set ap- and their value within the organization. officer is simply defining how they want to live. propriate and realistic goals. This may be the The potential effects of an undesirable Once officers establish priorities they can focus next direction for independent or in service transfer are easier to manage and less stressful their efforts, handle setbacks with less stress training opportunities. for an officer if they understand the rationale. and manage frustrations as challenges. Given the many conflicting priorities a police Officers will likely approach work with less Next, it is important to acknowledge consta- service has to address, it is unreasonable for a cynicism and a more positive attitude if in- bles must work within the organizational structure constable to expect the organization, as an entity, formed about how their transfer fits into the to access any opportunities for either promotion to focus on any individual’s career with the appro- organization’s plans; more so if the officer had or task reassignment. Senior administrators con- priate level of interest. When officers abrogate re- input on the assignment and it is congruent with trol issues of recruitment, training, retention and sponsibility for their careers, they set themselves their personal plans and values. ultimately succession management as part of a up for disappointment and frustration. Institutional paradigms lead supervisors to greater human resources strategic plan, but they Let’s again consider the situation with our ask officers ‘Why haven’t you written the promo- cannot implement these strategies alone. eight year veteran. With two years invested in a tional exams or applied for promotion yet?’ The The police service has a dual responsibility posting and knowing that he will be reassigned contributions of these foundation level officers to protect the community in a dedicated and at some point in the next three years, this officer are undervalued and they are ignored by the accountable manner and provide opportunities should take responsibility and prepare for the organization instead of valued. Careers can span for its employees. Administrators must work next desired assignment. The posting may not more than 30 years, with many officers retiring as diligently to achieve a balance and understand be his preferred long-term assignment, but it constables and sergeants. Many handled diverse that, without an engaged and dedicated work- may be a step forward in terms of personal assignments and enjoyed their level of responsi- force, police leaders may be captaining a ship growth and skills development. It is important bility while mentoring others. They may never

Blue Line Magazine 17 November 2007 have desired to be supervisors or administrators are choosing to enter policing and they have life point, it can be easier to blame a lack of success and wanted only respect from colleagues, family and job experience and family and financial re- or unwanted assignment on the organization. and the community for their contribution. sponsibilities beyond themselves. (As of 2005, When this happens, the victim mindset returns A paradigm shift is required so that what- the average age of an OPC police recruit is 29 and we hear things like ‘Why did they do this to ever path officers choose, the organization sup- years old and 46.7 per cent are either married, me?’ or ‘What did I do to deserve this?’ ports their efforts and utilizes them in a way that have been married or are cohabitating.) When unwanted assignments or transfers is congruent with their strategic plan. It is up to The duration and complexity of a career happen despite an officer’s best efforts, it’s the officer to decide what path suits them best plan depends on the ‘task span’ of the current time to revert to the control aspects we identi- and to seek this. Doing so benefits the officer assignment, present and desired rank, per- fied earlier; namely attitude and integrity. The and the organization. The officer will have a sonal priorities and seniority (retirement plans). only certainty is that organizations continue to higher level of job satisfaction – possibly re- “Specific goals increase performance (and) if change and evolve so any assignment is sure sulting in less stress, increased productivity and police officers participate in goal setting, they to be temporary. It can either be managed and improved quality of life – and the police service are more likely to accept even a difficult goal learned from or, in cases of undue hardship, will gain the services of a loyal, dedicated than if they are arbitrarily assigned by their accommodations can often be made. professional staff member who contributes to supervisor,” writes Paul M. Whisenand in Police officers correctly refer to themselves meeting the organization’s goals. Supervising police personnel. Police officers as professionals and, as such, are held to a higher All police officers begin their career in are dedicated and responsible individuals who standard by the public and their organization. uniform patrol and many contentedly retire in must apply these qualities to the nurturing of “Professionalism by definition, involves the same capacity. Police agencies recruit and their career and life plans. belonging to a profession and behaving in a select individuals with a diversity of interests After determining a desired career path, way that is consistent with professional stand- and experience, so why would they expect officers should choose their next preferred as- ards,” note Lycia Carter and Mark Wilson in everyone to pursue the same career path? signment and the qualifications it requires, then their article “Measuring Professionalism Of Po- It is difficult for an organization to change talk to someone currently doing that job to learn lice Officers” (The Police Chief, Aug., 2006). its culture, but with some work at cognitive as much as possible about it, including quali- “A profession is an occupation that requires restructuring trainers can provide officers with fications, beneficial training and operational extensive study and the study and mastery of the skills to appreciate their accomplishments concerns. This helps determine whether the job specialized skills.” and take back control of their futures. This the officer thinks they want is really worth the “A large part of this lifetime commitment starts with a career analysis and plan. “Until time and effort required and prepares them for to the profession is related to the high level of you figure out what success means to you the opportunity once it becomes available – a expertise police officers acquire throughout personally and to your organization, leadership realistic job preview. their careers,” a 2003 RAND study of the LA is almost a pointless conversation,” Porras, Next comes preparation – taking courses, Police Department found (Training the 21st Emery and Thompson note. reading books, volunteer work in related areas century police officer). “These diverse areas Officers can not wait to be lead to success. and other proactive steps. This mobilization is of expertise are acquired only by prolonged The nature and complexity of their career plan the hardest part of the exercise, with the respon- education and experience.” will depend on what stage they are in their sibility for ambivalence or achievement falling Every officer is an individual and each policing career and personal life. Older people squarely on the officer’s shoulders. At this should take time to reflect on why they entered the profession. After determining what they like best about the challenging work they do, each can reconnect to what defines success for them. Finally, they should ask themselves ‘what am I doing in my current assignment and going to be doing in my next?’ Only then can they begin to make things happen for themselves. “Your organization and fate may sometimes determine your path, but it is up to you to make and take those opportunities and grow in ways you choose,” advises McCall. To get started: 1. Do a self-assessment and create your own vision of the future as it relates to your relationship with family, friends, the community, workplace situation and your career plans. 2. Determine your own definition of suc- cess by asking yourself what you want and identifying the steps needed to fulfill your vision. 3. Set your long-term and short term goals, then write them down. 4. Learn about your profession and the costs, support, resources, timing and availability of your desired job opportunities. 5. Take steps to make it happen by making the leap. Take the first step, no matter how small, to achieve your goals. 6. Savour each accomplishment and continue to pursue change, growth, personal and professional development.

Irene Barath is with the Ontario Police College Criminal Investigations Training Unit and can be reached at [email protected] . This article in no way reflects the opinion of the OPC or Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Services.

Blue Line Magazine 18 November 2007 Blue Line Magazine 19 November 2007 Getting closer to reality Truth in advertising and public information tough to achieve

by Mark Giles

I heard a rumour the other day that made me laugh – one apparently being circulated halfway around the world from its supposed point of origin. Being close to the facts, I chuck- led with friends over how reality could have been so distorted. Upon reflection, however, it’s easy to see how it might have happened – the rumour was perhaps what some people wanted to believe, so why ask any more questions? With rumours, the facts are sometimes way off – speculation has often become reality. Whether on a personal or broader organizational scale, the truth can sometimes end up distorted. These distortions are sometimes intentional, but more often simply the result of human nature and organizational culture – a subconscious desire to have things seen in a certain light. Sometimes misinformation is spread through the media due to a failure to properly research a story. It also may be laziness, but can also be a result of not wanting to know more. As the joke goes, the story was just too good to be fact-checked. In 2004, CBS News – in what has been described as ‘myopic zeal’ – hastily reported a disputed story about President George Bush’s National Guard service. The story was based public. Move too quickly and quality, including of the Calgary Police Association. “They don’t on documents that turned out to be false. Some accuracy, suffers. Move too slowly and other want to be seen as any less attractive than have suggested that wanting the story to be true information and messages fill the gap. other agencies, so there’s pressure to ensure and the need to be first with breaking news The development of advertising and pro- recruiting materials highlight the very best are the reasons the story was aired without motional materials can usually be done at a opportunities available.” adequate background research. more leisurely pace, but although brochures, It’s hard to criticize these well-intended It’s a dilemma faced by media daily – posters and web features rarely include outright recruiting efforts, but while overly attractive ads meeting demands for news now, but avoiding false information, some can be misleading. will likely bring more recruits through the door, the reporting of inaccurate information to the Many police recruiting advertisements, for they may not bring in the right people. Once the example, ignore the realities of day-to-day ‘curb appeal’ wears off, the new police officers police work such as the significant amount of may find themselves in the wrong line of work. paperwork and time spent completing reports. This problem is not unique to policing. A Instead, recruits see images of tactical team former health-care executive told me recently members rappelling from buildings and other of a position he had difficulty filling. With glamorous activities. the position still vacant after the first series of While some police officers do get selected advertisements, he was advised by his superior for tactical units, and may even occasionally to make the position more attractive. As the rappel down the side of a building, the images advertisement became progressively more at- are certainly not reflective of the reality most new tractive, the perception-reality gap increased, recruits will face, which includes much less glam- creating unreasonable expectations and a lower orous work for the majority of their careers. likelihood of a successful match. The Canadian Forces has recently addressed Internal pressure this issue, developing television, print and other Organizations want to be seen in the best recruiting ads that more accurately reflect the possible light and there’s often internal pres- reality of military life. These too may overlook sure to describe the work done by employees some of the more mundane, day-to-day aspects in the most favourable way – avoiding themes of a military career, but they’re a huge improve- potentially unappealing to the public or key ment on the old ones with the tag line ‘there’s clients. The result of such thinking, however, no life like it’ and an image of a young officer can be the inclusion of information in recruit in a business suit carrying a briefcase. advertising and other promotional material that Police recruit advertising can include some is reflective of how management wants to be potentially glamorous highlights of a police perceived, rather than actual reality. career, but should not ignore reality. There are “Police agencies are competing with each lots of other almost certain benefits of a police other and unrealistic expectations from TV career that can be highlighted, including unique programs like CSI,” said Al Koenig, president life experiences, a 25-year pension plan (varies

Blue Line Magazine 20 November 2007 by province or agency), great job security, and the opportunity to make a significant contribu- tion to community safety. Sometimes inaccurate information or urban myths – perhaps developed from previous re- cruiting campaigns – can drive potential recruits Badge? Check! Gun? Check! Pooper Scooper? and tried to drive away, said a spokesman for the North Maybe not. Vancouver RCMP detachment. away. The RCMP has been trying to address a Officials in Madison, Wisconsin, are considering About a kilometre later, the dumptruck pulled into misperception that it only wants to hire members a proposal that would exempt police from the local a worksite. The cops on bicycles were still in pursuit. of minority groups or those who are bilingual or pooper scooper law. The truck driver asked for a warning claiming that university graduates – an urban myth likely de- Now, officers who are part of mounted patrols or he didn’t know he was being pulled over by police. K-9 units have to pick up after the animals, just like Instead, he was handed a ticket for $196 and veloped a decade or more ago when job market every other pet owner. given a reminder that speeding, and not stopping for conditions were different. It’s probably a smart The measure, to be considered by the city council, police, is dangerous and against the law. move. With police agencies competing for a would drop the droppings requirement for officers dwindling supply of good candidates, a major while on duty. *** One alderwoman notes that picking up the poo can A man on a stolen bulldozer has severely dam- agency like the RCMP cannot afford to allow a be difficult for the mounted officers who do crowd control aged the police station in Troy, New Hampshire after large segment of a target audience to incorrectly at the University of Wisconsin football games. repeatedly ramming it. The man was able to tear down believe they’re not eligible to apply. large chunks of the front wall. Achieving the balance between accuracy *** No one was inside at the time, but police said The text message about a pot buy got a lot of an officer arriving shortly after midnight and saw the and attractiveness for recruiting and promotional interest. But not from its intended recipient. bulldozer attack in progress. material is a challenge. Key messages and ideal West State police charge Joshua Wayne Thirty-four-year-old Stanley Burt was arrested and circumstances can be part of the plan, but a dose Cadle with sending a text message about buying charged with criminal mischief, reckless conduct with a of reality is important too, if an organization wants marijuana to a trooper’s cell phone. deadly weapon and driving and probation violations. Trooper B.H. Moore says the number once The police station and equipment inside, including to maintain its credibility in the long run. belonged to one of Cadle’s friends. the phone system, were heavily damaged. With the right combination of text and im- Troopers responded and set up a meeting. ages, some creativity, and a focused effort on The 19-year-old was busted in a parking lot and *** accuracy, police organizations can improve the charged with drug dealing. Cheaters could pay for their sins - if a senator in Colombia gets his way. likelihood that the recruiting and promotional *** Senator Edgar Espindola wants people who cheat material they’re sending to the public reflects A truck driver is facing a hefty fine after trying to on spouses to pay a fine of $4,000 and be forced to the realities of the job their frontline officers drive away from three police vehicles. do community service. do each and every day. In this case, the police vehicles were bicycles. Espindola blames marital infidelity for everything Students at Sutherland Secondary School were from divorce to drug addiction. And it’s not just the on their way home when a dump truck was spotted cheaters who would pay. Espindola’s proposal would Mark Giles is Blue Line’s correspondent for public and speeding on William Ave., near the Trans-Canada also apply to the lovers of the cheating spouses. media relations, military and international issues. He is also Highway. But staying true may not make it into law in Co- a senior communications analyst for defence and foreign The police bicycles started to pursue, but when lombia. There’s little enthusiasm from other lawmakers affairs at the Privy Council Office in Ottawa. Contact him they ordered the driver to pull over, he smiled, waved over the proposal. at [email protected]

Blue Line Magazine 21 November 2007 Going mobile now more affordable

by Tom Rataj dual-core processors already seen in desktops. They feature two processor cores in one central Laptop computers used to be expensive processing unit (CPU) chip, allowing them to luxury items reserved for the well paid mobile do twice as much work in the same time (under professional who needed to take their work on certain conditions). the road. Prices have steadily dropped over the Intel’s laptop processors are currently the past few years though, and a name brand, entry most popular. Its general purpose Core 2 Duo level notebook is now less than $600. line offers processing speed from 1.6GHz to Very competent mid-range models now High-end business machines and desktop 3GHz and its cheaper, lower-powered Core sell for $1,000 to $1,500 although serious busi- replacements typically command upwards Duo processors are aimed at the budget market. ness grade laptops can still command prices of of $2,000 and feature the best of everything, Core 2 Duo laptops may also be marketed under $3,000 or more. including top end powerful processors, gor- the Centrino ‘brand,’ which merely reflects a With the advent of wireless networking geous 17 inch or larger wide-screen displays combination of specifications, chipset and the as standard equipment on virtually all lap- and every imaginable bell and whistle. wireless networking standard used. tops, many home users have begun buying Since laptops are intended to be carried, Intel’s primary competitor, AMD, also them as replacements for desktops. One of weight is an important consideration. Much offers a range of processors, including the the big advantages is mobility – they can use work has gone into reducing the overall weight Turion X2 (dual core) processor line, available them anywhere within range of their wireless of all classes. Ultra-light models can weigh-in in speeds of 1.6GHz to 2.3 GHz. Despite its network, including the backyard on a nice at less than four pounds, mid-range laptops slower speed, it can often outperform an Intel summer day. typically weigh-in around six pounds and busi- processor because it’s more efficient. AMD also Laptops generally fit into one of three ness class desktop replacements can weigh 10 offers its Sempron line of single-core budget classes. The smallest and lightest, but not the pounds or more. processors for the lower end of the market. cheapest, are the ultra-light models, feature some of the most leading edge components and Processors Displays small, ultra-thin dimensions. The technologies Most laptops use processors designed The biggest trend in laptop displays, other required to produce these tend to drive up the specifically to conserve battery power. than increasing size, has been the advent of price by 50 to 100 per cent over a similarly Some higher end models use regular desktop the wide-screen format. Traditional computer performing general purpose laptop. processors, carefully managed to minimize displays have a screen ratio of 4:3 and are gen- The mid-range laptop class is the most power usage. erally referred to as XGA. Newer wide screen crowded, with a wide range of prices and features Most mid-range notebooks use the newer displays (WXGA) generally have a screen serving a large cross section of customers. ratio of 16:10 and have some advantages over the older screen dimensions, particularly for viewing DVD movies. Ultra-light laptops often feature small screens measuring just 11 or 12 inches di- agonally, while most midrange and high-end laptops range from 14 to 17 inches. Display technology has switched more or less completely to thin film transistor (TFT), which are very easy to read in bright sunlight. Many new displays now also use a glossy fin- ish, which tend to display a sharper image than the more traditional matte but can be more chal- lenging to use under some conditions because they reflect a lot of light. Also just coming to market are displays using LED arrays to illuminate the screen instead of the older but still common fluores- cent bulbs. LED lights produce truer colours, sharper images, better details in dark areas of the screen and uses less energy, which is crucial for laptops. They also translate into thinner screens, particularly in the important ultra-light class.

Batteries The lithium ion (Li-ion) battery is standard in laptops, long ago replacing the older nickel metal hydride (NiMH) battery. A newer ver- sion, known as lithium-polymer (Li-pol), is just coming to market. It is more stable and less prone to physical damage and has better power retention and capacity. Most laptops use packs with six battery cells; extended capacity packs use nine or more cells. A laptop battery can typically be expected to function effectively for two to three years

Blue Line Magazine 22 November 2007 before needing to be replaced. Laptop batteries contain toxic materials and should be recycled through retailers (check www.rbrc.org for the location of your local battery recycler). With advances in battery technology and design and ever more thrifty processors, hard- drives and displays, many newer laptops have by Terri Theodore Fonseca believes the popularity of crime scene rated run-times of four or more hours. Some VANCOUVER (CP) - The B.C. Coroners’ identification television programs will help their larger multi-cell batteries are claimed to pro- investigations. Service is developing a plan that would give “Unfortunately they’re not all realistic,’’ he vide up to 12 hours of continuous use. residents the thrill of helping to solve a laughed, adding his job is nothing like TV. forensic mystery and could help to end the But he said it’s curiosity from the public that Storage agony for people whose family members could help a witness see events unfold and take in The 2.5 inch, 5,400 RPM mobile hard- have vanished. more information. drive is the standard used in the vast majority of A team in the coroner’s identification and disaster “And that information is the type of lead that will response division has been working for more than a year, help us break a case this year or in 10 years time. today’s laptops. Lower end machines typically plugging in data and developing identification frameworks Who knows.’’ have 80GB of storage, midrange machines that could match unidentified human remains with a name A website is also expected to be in operation in feature 160GB and high end machines and of someone missing anywhere in the world. the next month or two looking to generate leads from desktop replacements often feature twice that The team hasn’t been trying to link names and the public on cases, or looking for identification on two capacity or more, sometimes spread over two remains yet, but division director Stephen Fonseca dimensional models made from remains found. said they have noticed similarities between missing “People have a ton of information out there, they drives. Floppy disks have all but disappeared, persons inquiries and unidentified remains found in just don’t know how important it is to us,’’ Fonseca although external USB based floppy drives British Columbia. pointed out. are available. “We’re very excited about it and I’m sure we’re The group is sharing technology with coroner Laptops with solid-state (flash) memory going to bring some closure for some families in the and policing agencies across the country. They also instead of hard drives are beginning to come near future,’’ Fonseca said in an interview. plug their information into a database that can check That’s just what happened for the family of Su- for missing persons around the world. on the market. They offer as much as 32GB of sanne Tam, who disappeared on July 13, 1996. The team has reviewed every single unidentified storage but command a hefty price premium Partial human remains were found by a hiker in case in British Columbia, but Fonseca said cases and are somewhat limited because of their September, 2005 near Whistler, the resort town about dating back to the 1970s and 80s are more difficult smaller capacity. This is the same memory 100 kilometres north of Vancouver. because less information is available. found in digital camera memory cards and But it took two more years and an advanced fo- They have matched names and remains on a few rensic technique using mitochondrial DNA to determine cases so far and Fonseca said they’re working on more USB keys. the remains were Tam’s. connections, but he believes this is just the start. Solid state memory probably reflects the Fonseca spoke with Tam’s family and was happy “There are lots of folks who are desperate to future of storage, initially in the laptop market, to at least give them some answers a decade later. find their brother, sister, mother, father,’’ he said. because it has no moving parts and so is faster, “They have some ideas of what transpired,’’ he “And when you speak to those people you can feel lighter, more reliable and cooler running than said. “They can get on with part of their lives.’’ their desperation.’’ Reviewing old cases, using new science, and getting “It certainly drives us to find something else that a hard drive. the public’s help will all be part of closing cold cases. we haven’t used before.’’ Optical drives Most laptops include a CD or DVD drive and leading edge models now include the newer HD or Blu-Ray DVD players and burners. The common mechanical tray designs are rapidly being replaced by more compact slot loading optical drives.

Networking The majority of new laptops feature 802.11g or the newer emerging standard 802.11n wireless networking (WiFi), but also include an Ethernet port. Some also offer BlueTooth wireless networking for commu- nicating with peripherals such as headsets, wireless external keyboards, mice and printers. A number also have integrated cellular data communications hardware, allowing them to connect to the Internet or a private network where WiFi isn’t available.

Rugged Most laptops are assembled around a plas- tic frame or chassis to help reduce weight, so they don’t fare too well when dropped more than a few centimetres or abused. The plastic frames housing the LCD display panel also aren’t very rigid and, if not handled gently, can flex, breaking the panel and leading to an expensive repair job. A number of manufacturers, including specialist Panasonic and its ToughBook line, now offer rugged computers, some featuring titanium frames.

Tom Rataj is Blue Line Magazine’s technology editor and can be reached at [email protected]

Blue Line Magazine 23 November 2007 by Jessica Simon In the McHales’ quest to introduce Yukon- ers to adventure racing, they not only promote When a suspect flees on foot into the Yukon an awareness of healthy living, they create a wilderness, they don’t stand a chance against venue for police and civilians to get to know RCMP Constable Greg McHale. each other in a non-threatening environment. Off duty, he and his wife, Denise, train and During his years of service, McHale noted Photo: M. Tribes place in world class adventure races. Currently, that, “RCMP members live in the community they’re among the world’s top five professional but to a certain degree are not a part of it.” maniac Devan McDiarmid, they had plenty of teams. Locally, they organize the 36-hour Yu- With the Challenge, citizens can get to know experience. The Wrights had competed in the kon Adventure Challenge, a favourite of RCMP the members as individuals while they compete Vancouver half-marathon and the Klondike “M” Division members. against the Force’s finest. Road Relay and Bruneau, who was a complete The weekend endurance race entails trek- And compete is what they did. At 6 a.m. on rookie in the Adventure Challenge debut, king, traversing, biking and canoeing through race day, Corporal Paul Zechel of the Carcross had become a well-rounded athlete by 2007. more than 160 kilometres of the same rugged detachment was on hand to launch nine four- However, part way into the trek, injury felled terrain that forged the RCMP. To make things person and five two-person teams in tandem Bruneau. Teammate Peter explains what hap- tougher, no one, except the McHales, know the canoes from the shores of Lake Bennett. Con- pened afterwards. “Once Cory was gone we course until 12 hours before the start. testants included members from Whitehorse, were really deflated. It ripped the stuffing right The Yukon is a natural venue for these Haines Junction, Teslin and Beaver Creek out of us, but we pushed through.” events, says Denise, and, “when I think back to detachments. Shannon agrees. She had trained in com- when we started out, there weren’t many races At the end of the 15 kilometre paddle, com- bined sessions of biking and running, and been for beginners.” petitors had to traverse a canyon by zipline. One on the weights since October, but, “it took us The Challenge also improves community after another, the athletes swept into the rocky to the top of the mountain to get it together relations. For example, this year athletes had gorge. The tough part came when they had to after Corey was gone.” They carried on to the to cross Carcross/Tagish First Nation territory. claw their way up the final third of the line. next checkpoint and, although disappointed to “We went to the First Nation to develop the Brute upper-body strength and perseverance saw withdraw, Shannon felt a sense of accomplish- course, and they were very interested in the everyone safely across. “My arms were trem- ment. “I’m really glad we finished the trek,” effect it would have on the land,” says Greg. bling for hours afterwards,” says Whitehorse she says. “It pushed me a lot.” “Once they heard the race is non-motorized Cory Bruneau. By the half way point, where trekkers hopped they gave us permission, no problem.” Next, was a 28 kilometre trek over an onto their bikes for a 90 kilometre ride toward Although not an RCMP sanctioned event, ice-capped mountain pass. At that point the Whitehorse, competition was so tight three teams the Challenge draws the bulk of its support rigours of the trail took their toll. Injury or slow in the field had grouped together, including Con- from local detachments. “The biggest thing, progress forced five teams to withdraw before stable Geoff Corbett’s Shakwak Attack. and what I’m happiest about, is the effect the finish line. Corbett, who had also competed in 2006, we have on people in the Force,” says Greg. Team Full Tilt was in that group. In 2006, admits that in the inaugural Challenge his fit- “Some competitors, who weren’t living healthy they finished second and were back to beat ness level was “okay” and he “just toughed it lifestyles, went from two-pack-a-day smokers their best. Made up of Bruneau, Constable out.” But this year he lost seven kilos training to finishing in the top three.” Peter Wright and his wife Shannon, and cycle year round with running, biking, hiking, and

Blue Line Magazine 24 November 2007 cross-country skiing. “Once you do something like this, you appreciate what Greg and Denise go through in their own races. I really admire The rate of violent crime in Halifax has de- *** their example.” creased and criminal activity among youth is up only Huntingdon Real Estate Investment Trust has Denise’s credo of “pain is temporary” and marginally, recent data shows, largely disproving as- signed a deal under which it will own a $12.5-million sertions that the port city is in the grip of a worsening police station in Winnipeg and lease it back to the city “never settle for less,” buoys contestants in the crime epidemic, experts say. in a 30-year agreement. field. After eight to twelve hours of hard biking, The banner headline on a recent front page of Huntingdon said it was selected for the public- those still in the running had to paddle the same the Halifax Chronicle-Herald declared: ‘Summer of private partnership behind the planned 33,000-square- stretch of Yukon River through Miles Canyon fear.’ Beneath the headline, the daily paper stated foot East Side Police Station at 1750 Dugald Rd. that the city had the highest rate of violent crime in The station will be built by Bird Construction Co. for where a hundred years ago Superintendent Sam the country, and the recent assaults had “shaken us occupancy on Sept. 1, 2008. Steele laid down the law that all boats must to our very core.’’ The increasing net rental rates over the term be portaged rather than risk the whitewater But latest numbers from the Canadian Centre for of the lease averages $30 per square foot and will upstream from Whitehorse. Justice Statistics show that in 2006, Halifax and Nova provide an average 7.25 per cent rate of return on Scotia as a whole had the fifth highest rate of violent investment, Winnipeg-based Huntingdon said in a Thirty-three hours, and 50 minutes from crime in the country, and the rate was continuing a release. The acquisition will be financed with a fixed- the start, Corbett’s team finished second in the downward trend for the third year in a row. rate first mortgage. premier class. Figures from indicate The City of Winnipeg has options to acquire the “We have the Young Riders Program and that violent crime in the first half of 2007 has actually property in 2018, 2028 or 2038 at a purchase price of dropped. From last January to the end of June, the $11 million, $8 million and $1million, respectively. Crew Whitewater for youth, but this is the rate of violent crime fell by nearly eight per cent, only thing geared toward adults,” he said. “For compared with the same period a year earlier. *** fitness, healthy lifestyle and camaraderie, it’s Almost 3,000 crimes were committed last year great if people are getting into it.” *** in the UK by suspects too young to be prosecuted. The B.C. arm of the RCMP is at odds with the Offences by children under 10 in England and Wales Regardless of how the athletes placed, B.C. Federation of Police Officers. included about 1,300 incidents of criminal damage many are returning next year, although the An RCMP spokeswoman says detachments and arson and more than 60 sex offences, according 2007 Yukon Adventure Challenge is Greg’s last around the province have received complaints about to figures obtained by BBC under the Freedom of event as a member of the RCMP. He recently a phone solicitation by the federation. Callers are told Information Act. money raised by the federation will go toward the Children aged nine or under cannot be charged resigned from active duty to concentrate on families of RCMP officers killed in the line of duty. with an offence in England and Wales, although the his own racing career, but is sure competitive The spokeswoman confirmed the B.C. Fed- crime will be recorded by police. members will come back to the race, “even if eration of Police Officers is conducting a legitimate The figures were based on data from 32 of the I’m not on the Force.” telephone donation campaign. But she says the fed- 43 forces in England and Wales, the BBC said. Of the eration has no connection with the RCMP and does 2,840 crimes where the suspect was under 10, about not support any RCMP programs or initiatives. half were cases of arson or criminal damage. Visit www.yukonadventurechallenge.com for more information The RCMP has raised its concerns about There were also 66 sexual offences, including a or to register for 2008. the phone campaign with federation officials and number of sexual assaults on children under 13. The Jessica Simon writes crime fiction, featuring the adven- says it takes complaints about the campaign very figures also revealed children too young to be charged tures of fictional Auxiliary Constable Markus Fanger, from seriously. were suspected of harassment, wounding and burglary. her home in Whitehorse, Yukon.

Blue Line Magazine 25 November 2007 Overcoming the stigma of mental illness

by Dorothy Cotton One of the first things the commission will look at is the issue of stigma and dis- Two newspapers arrive on my doorstep crimination. The way we treat people with every morning. I read them both cover to cover, mental illness can be worse than the illness never missing a word. itself. Think about the language used to de- Actually, I miss a lot of words, even entire scribe them, for example. There is a national sections sometimes. I suspect most people do, attitude problem and it is about time we did therefore I want to draw your attention to some- something about it. thing that’s been in the papers a lot recently, but The commission is also looking at develop- might have been in one of those sections you ing a knowledge exchange centre, which would missed. It has to do with the Canadian Mental ensure everyone who needs access to accurate Health Commission. information about mental illness can get it. The first thing you need to know about Whether you are a researcher, service provider, the Canadian Mental Health Commission is family member, person living with a mental ill- that it exists. That in itself is pretty exciting. ness – or a police officer – you need to be able Mental illness is something most of us prefer to find accurate and timely information. not to talk about. Until now, Canada was the Perhaps most significant, because it ties only G8 country without a national mental everything else together, is the development health strategy – and it’s not like we don’t These can be crisis calls, resulting in a trip of a national strategy – an organized approach have problems. to the ER, or occasions where the suspect, – for making things better. This means re- About one in five of us, including police complainant or victim turns out to have signs forming policies and laws, organizing service officers, will have a mental health problem at of mental illness – and, much as we like to providers and making them accessible. This is some point; mental illness is responsible for pretend otherwise, sometimes officers have no small feat. about a third of all hospital stays and costs us mental health problems. So where do you start with a process this about $18 billion per year. The fact is that wherever there are people, large? Like any other big project, you break it Governments are finally beginning to there is mental illness, and it’s about time we up into smaller bits. There are eight commit- notice a problem police have known about got over our misguided notions. Many people tees – children and youth, mental health and for years; a significant percentage of calls for live with it and they are not scary, morally weak the law, seniors, aboriginal, workplace, family service involve people with mental illnesses. or hopeless; they are people with a problem. caregivers, service systems and science. If you don’t see any link between these committees and your everyday work, you’re not looking hard enough. Police work overlaps to some extent with all of these but particularly the mental health and law committee. We all know police are spending increasing amounts of time with people who have mental illnesses and that, in many of these instances, this is not am ideal scenario. We also all know that more and more people with mental illnesses are finding their way into the prison system – also not an ideal outcome. I have noticed that police officers tend to have strong opinions about the mental health system. Interacting with it is frustrating and unrewarding for many, yet in some areas there are terrific working relationships and very successful joint initiatives between police and mental health organizations. How do we make sure the commission ac- complishes its mission? Well, you tell us. The police point of view will be well represented on the committee by Moose Jaw Police Chief Terry Coleman – and I will also be on the com- mittee. Think of us as conduit. You can work through us – and we hope you will. Tell us what you think needs to be done. We’d really like to hear from you.

For more information, check the commission’s website (www.mentalhealthcommission.ca). For more information about joint police/mental health systems ventures, visit www.pmhl.ca. Email your ideas about law and mental health issues to Dorothy Cotton ([email protected]).

Blue Line Magazine 26 November 2007 If it’s Monday, this must be China by Danette Dooley school, Howard has been involved with Special Olympics and torch runs for almost Royal Newfoundland Constabulatory two decades. A major crime investigator with (RNC) Cst. Bob Howard didn’t have much time the RNC, he participated in the world winter to rest after the St. John’s Law Enforcement games in Alaska in 2001 and the 2005 winter Torch Walk for Special Olympics. He rushed games in . right home, packed and caught the next flight His volunteer activities would not be to Shanghai, China. possible without the support of family, co- The 23-year police veteran was the only workers and the RNC management team, Newfoundland and Labrador law enforcement Howard says. officer – and one of only a handful from Canada “All our organizations give us the time – to participate in the World Special Olympics we need. They’re behind us 100 per cent,” he Games. Howard was among 110 police officers, noted of the employers who make it possible 11 Special Olympics athletes and 14 support for police to support the games. team members from around the world to serve While he admits it’s a privilege to represent as guardians of the Flame of Hope. Canadian police, it’s the athletes themselves that The flame was lit in Athens, Greece June the games are all about, Howard says. The ath- 29, officially launching the Global Law En- and community groups to heighten awareness letes exhibit characteristics that people through- forcement Torch Run, according to the Special of the games. out the world could learn from, he adds. Olympics website (www.specialolympics. The Law Enforcement Torch Run is the Whether the games take place in rural org). The team received the torch in Bejing on Special Olympics’ largest grass-roots fun- Newfoundland or a country on the other side September 26. draiser and public awareness vehicle; more of the world, they are all about fun, friendship Carried by a team of athletes and police than 85,000 officers from around the world and respect for others, he says. through the streets of Athens, the torch then volunteer for the movement. “I remember seeing these athletes run in began its global journey to the world games, This is the first time the World Summer a race, a lap around the track. One athlete got which kicked off in Shanghai October, 2 and Games have been held in Asia and only the tired and several of the others stopped and ran until October, 11. second time they were held outside the United waited for that athlete and walked the rest of Howard participated in the final leg of the States. They were expected to draw almost 7,500 the way with him. Seeing them do that, it just Flame of Hope journey, running about 10-15 athletes, 40,000 volunteers, 3,500 event officials makes them all heroes because they are there kilometres a day to help move the torch to its and thousands of families, volunteers, spectators for each other.” final destination. After the opening ceremonies, and journalists from every continent. he made presentations to Shanghai schools An avid long-distance runner since high Danette Dooley can be reached at [email protected]

Blue Line Magazine 27 November 2007 Strategic emergency management is critical

by Jay Hope face approximately 20 declared emergencies Like all other public safety activities across a year, ranging from forest fires and floods to the country, the foundations of what we do are As Ontario’s Commissioner of Community wind storms and tornadoes. We also monitor and rooted in legislation. In the case of EM in Ontario, Safety I am responsible for strategic leadership prepare to deal with the consequences of a wide the Emergency Management and Civil Protection of all facets of emergency management. I served range of other hazards and risks such as nuclear Act (EMCPA) establishes the province’s legal as deputy commissioner of the Ontario Provin- emergencies, explosions and terrorist activities. basis and framework for managing emergen- cial Police prior to this role, and continue to be These constantly evolving challenges require cies, defining the authority, responsibilities and a sworn officer, bringing the proud traditions of innovative and timely approaches to reduce the safeguards accorded to provincial ministries and the OPP to my current post. risks faced by our citizens. communities. One only has to look at events around the Over the next year in Blue Line, I will be One of EMCPA’s key provisions requires world this past summer – hoof and mouth disease providing updates and information on the latest Ontario municipalities and provincial ministries in England, the lingering effects of Katrina in news, developments and trends in EM. This to develop and implement an emergency man- New Orleans, widespread flooding, forest fires will include the groundbreaking emergency pre- agement program. In developing this, they must in Greece, hurricanes in and , paredness work we are doing with people with conduct a hazard identification and risk assess- plane crashes in Thailand and bridge collapses in disabilities and special needs, our leadership in ment process, identifying elements of critical Minneapolis and Quebec – to realize that strategic incident management and many more topics of infrastructure that might be affected by emergen- emergency management is critical to response interest to the law enforcement and public safety cies. In addition, they must annually maintain a and recovery. community. range of other ‘essential’ program elements such Ontario has had five declared emergencies In my short time as commissioner, I have as identifying an EM program co-ordinator and and 75 significant events, including the gas short- been impressed by the range and breadth of conducting annual emergency exercises. age, so it’s only natural to think seriously about activities occurring daily in EM across Ontario. A very special organization – Emergency the possibility of disastrous events. The province Some are very visible, such as our Emergency Management Ontario (EMO) – is at the heart has the country’s largest population, most nuclear Preparedness Week events, which we conducted of EM in the province. Responsible for co- facilities, greatest convergence of air, road and with partners across the province during the ordinating EM in the province, it is involved in rail, highest incidence of industrial accidents and first week of May. Other activities, such as our all aspects, including responding to potential or a large number of chemical companies. important work with Girl Guides, are aimed at actual emergencies or disasters and co-ordinating Emergency management (EM) is all about longer-term, ‘grassroots’ changes. I am proud to activities with the federal government. The chief putting in place the necessary plans and arrange- note that the Girl Guide Emergency Prepared- of EMO co-ordinates these activities on my behalf ments to deal with actual or potential large-scale ness Challenge Project Team recently won an and is responsible for day-to-day oversight and emergency situations, in order to make our Amethyst Award, the Ontario Public Services’ emergency operations. The organization’s of- communities safe and secure. On average, we top award for outstanding achievement. ficial mission is:Through effective partnerships, EMO will lead the co-ordination, development and implementation of prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery strategies to maximize the safety and security of Ontarians. EMO’s co-ordination role is carried out through the Provincial Emergency Operations Centre (PEOC), a state-of-the art centre located near Queens Park which operates 24-7 monitor- ing and supporting of EM activities. The PEOC provides the physical space and infrastructure necessary to bring the right people together to effectively manage emergencies. EMO is justifi- ably proud of this facility and would welcome visits from municipal and provincial delegations. Please feel free to arrange a visit if you are com- ing to Toronto. EMO has also deployed field staff who work directly with our partners in all parts of Ontario. These dedicated men and women are on the front lines of EM and provide a great (and often unheralded) service both during emergencies and afterwards. While we have made great strides in EM recently, there is much more to be done. In particular, we are looking forward to support- ing municipalities and ministries as they move beyond the basic emergency management pro- grams already in place. We also look forward to forging stronger alliances and linkages with other important sectors of the province. I will be discussing these important initiatives and others in upcoming issues. I am excited by the prospects ahead and am motivated daily by the important work we do. I look forward to your dialogue and responses.

Jay Hope can be reached at [email protected]

Blue Line Magazine 28 November 2007 2007 Order of Merit recipients

Forty-four members Cst. Jean-Guy Dagenais, Chief Joseph F. Browne, S.Supt. Gary Frank Grant, of the Order of Merit Sûreté du Québec, Royal , N.L. Constabulary, Toronto Police Service, of the Police Forces Sainte-Julie, Que. St. John’s, , N.L. Toronto, ON received their mem- bership insignias from Governor Gen- eral Michaëlle Jean in a ceremony in Dir. Yvan Delorme, Insp. Myles F. Burke, S. Sgt Sylvio A. Gravel, Ottawa in May. Montreal Police Service, Cape Breton Regional PS , The order was Montreal, Que. Sydney, N.S. Ottawa, ON approved by the Queen in October, 2000; appointments recognize conspicuous merit and exceptional service by police force members A/Dir. Jean-Guy Gagnon, A/ Dir. Yves Charette, and employees whose contribu- Montreal Police Service, Insp. Charles P. Green, Montreal Police Service, tions extend beyond protecting the Montreal, Que. Durham Regional PS Montreal, Que. community. Whitby, ON. All candidates for admission should be of irreproachable charac- ter, exemplified by good conduct, industry and efficiency that serves as A/Comm. Howard Madill, Cpl. Thomas D. Clark, a model for others. RCMP D.Chief Troy C. Hagen, RCMP Nominations can be submitted to Winnipeg, MB. , Victoria, B.C. the Canadian Association of Chiefs Regina, SK. of Police (582 Somerset Street West, Ottawa, ON, K1R 5K2).

For more information or nomina- A/Comm. Michael F. Cst. Edward P. Conway, D.Chief Bruce Herridge, tion forms visit www.cacp.ca. McDonell, RCMP Brandon Police Service, , Ottawa, ON. Brandon, MB. Newmarket, ON. - Commander -

Det. Sgt. Tony Cannavino, C/Supt. Randy S. Robar, Chief Ian Davidson, Sûreté du Québec, RCMP D.Chief D. Eric Jolliffe, Greater Sudbury PS Ottawa,ON. Charlottetown, P.E.I. York Regional Police, Sudbury, ON Newmarket, ON.

- Officers - D.Chief Anthony J. Warr, Toronto Police Service, Supt. P. J. Keith Duggan, S.Sgt. Kathleen A. King, Chief W.S. Blair Toronto, ON. , RCMP Toronto Police Service Edmonton, AB. Winnipeg, MB. Toronto, ON.

- Members - Cst. Ralph E. Edwards, Det. Sgt. Derrick Klassen Insp. Donald J. Adam, A/Dir. Diane Bourdeau RCMP , RCMP Montreal Police Service, Hamilton, ON. Winnipeg, MB. Montreal, Que. Surrey, B.C.

Sgt. Major Robert Gallup, Chief Cst. James S. Chu, Insp. Terry W. Kopan, Sgt. Brenton Baulkham, RCMP Vancouver Police Dept. RCMP RCMP Fredericton, N.B. Vancouver, B.C. Vancouver, B.C. Edmonton, AB.

Cst. Claude Larocque, Chief William J. Closs, Cpl. Michel Bérubé, S.Sgt. Warren L. Ganes, Montreal Police Service, , ON. RCMP RCMP Montreal, Que. Westmount, Que. Innisfail, AB.

Chief Allen G. Bodechon, A/Commissioner Sandra S.Supt. Richard Gauthier, Ms. Louise C. Logue, Saint John Police Force, Mae Marie Conlin, Toronto Police Service, Ottawa Police Service, Saint John, N.B. RCMP Toronto, ON Ottawa, ON , ON.

Blue Line Magazine 29 November 2007 C/Supt. Patrick McCloskey, S.Sgt. Lawren A. Nause, S.Sgt. David R. Tipple, Insp. David G. Wojcik, RCMP RCMP RCMP RCMP Yellowknife, NWT. Newmarket, ON. St. John’s, , N.L. Halifax, N.S.

Supt. Gordon C. McRae, Insp. Brian R. Pitman, Insp. Robert J. Williams, Chief Cst. Walter L. RCMP RCMP RCMP Zapotichny, Surrey, B.C. Surrey, B.C. Edmonton, AB. New Westminster PS New Westminster, B.C.

S.Sgt. Robert Meredith, Sgt. Deborah J. Pond, RCMP RCMP Edmonton, AB. London, ON. Organized crime may have brought in more than $2 trillion in revenue last year, about twice all the military budgets in the world combined, says a recently issued report. The “State of the Future’’ report, published by the Millennium Project D.Sgt. Kenneth S. Molloy, Cst. Lesley-Jane Ripley, of the World Federation of United Nations Associations, said organized Winnipeg Police Service, RCMP crime entities generated income from money laundering, counterfeiting Winnipeg, MB Edmonton, AB. and piracy, and the trafficking of drugs, people and arms. One of the countries it singled out was North Korea, which it said makes an estimated $500 million to $1 billion annually from criminal enterprises. The report called organized crime one of the most pressing global issues that needs to be addressed in the next 10 years, along with global Sgt. Hugh Robert Muir, Mr. Glenwood L. Selig, warming, terrorism, corruption and unemployment. Stellarton Police Service, Halifax Regional Police, Stellarton, N.S. *** Halifax, N.S. A Vancouver is now considered Canada’s top dog when it comes to taking a bite out of crime. Bear and Cst. Ray Wong have been named the best police K-9 team in the country. They beat out more than 50 competitors at the National Police Dog Chief Brian Mullan, Chief Lorne W. Smith, Championships in Edmonton. Categories included compound search, team , New Glasgow PS, event, criminal apprehension, evidence search, tracking and agility. Hamilton, ON. New Glasgow, N.S. The championship signifies a big comeback for Bear, who had to be resuscitated after being electrocuted in 2002. Bear stepped on an electrical plate while pursuing a suspect.

Blue Line Magazine 30 November 2007 I agree with you that the memorial for Canadian • Policies prohibiting biased policing along a 170-kilometre stretch of Highway 401 in Police and Peace Officers in Ottawa should clearly • Recruitment and hiring southern Ontario, which has been officially chris- include auxiliary officers(Commentary, May 2007). • Education and training tened the “Highway of Heroes” by the provincial gov- It should also be located in a much more prominent • Minority community outreach ernment. It’s the route used to transport the remains place on the Hill. However, I am afraid that too many • Data collection and analysis of fallen Canadian soldiers from 8 Wing Trenton to people are afraid to admit that police and peace of- Based on an assessment of local conditions, the coroner’s office in Toronto for examination. ficers in Canada even exist. They all belong to the police leadership may focus on all or a select number This past summer, Lt.-Col. Jim Legere, a military RCOS (Royal Canadian Ostrich Society) – just put of these initiatives. police officer at 1 Canadian Air Division in Winnipeg, your head in the sand and you can pretend we don’t Nothing in this proposal detracts from the deci- Man., witnessed it himself. Riding in one of the military exist. Police and peace officers are present every- sion of chief Closs to undertake data collection and police escort cars, Lt.-Col. Legere was deeply moved where to ‘serve and protect,’ but no one wants to analysis. On the contrary, he and the members of by what he saw. openly admit that we need protection in Canada. the Kingston Police Force demonstrated courage, “The outpouring of support for our fallen heroes John Harris Inspector, Atlantic Police Academy integrity and an outstanding degree of honesty and and their families was beyond belief,” he said. “Never candour in undertaking this study and releasing the before have I been as proud to wear this uniform.” *** findings to the public. Their efforts advanced the Police officers, fire fighters and paramedics turn A story in Blue Line News Week (Aug. 12) professionalism of policing. out with cruiser cars, fire engines and ambulances, reflected regrets from Kingston Police Chief Bill Robert F. Lunney Chief of Police (Ret.) many of them in full-dress uniform. They provide Closs that the locally sponsored bias-free policing escorts for the motorcade, temporarily block off- project had not been recognized by government or *** ramps and on-ramps, and generally watch over the replicated by other police services. He is quoted as As the lights of emer- assembled people to ensure their safety. Often, they saying he would not enter into such a study again gency vehicles flash along do so on their own time, as volunteers. without endorsement by government. the on-ramps to an overpass, The support of these men and women during Race-based statistical studies of vehicle stops was a motorcade of hearses ap- repatriation ceremonies has helped tremendously widely practiced in the United States prior to and during proaches silently along the during times that were very difficult for the families the Kingston study. The disclosure of results in the U.S. highway below. Lining the of the fallen and their comrades. It is help that is seemed only to provoke more controversy and technical overpass are police officers, very much appreciated. arguments among criminologists debating interpretation fire fighters and paramedics Lt.-Col. Legere says he will never forget what of the data. There was often more heat than light. who salute while standing he witnessed this past summer. “It is comforting to If one accepts bias-free performance as a tenet shoulder-to-shoulder with civilians, who are waving know that Canada’s quiet patriotism is very much of democratic policing, there are six areas promising Canadian flags and paying tribute as the remains of alive – the torch burns bright and strong.” a positive influence on outcomes: fallen Canadian soldiers pass by beneath them. A/SLt David Lavallee • Accountability and supervision It’s a scene that has played out many times Public Affairs 1 Canadian Air Division

Blue Line Magazine 31 November 2007 Ammetre doesn’t breach privacy rights

by Mike Novakowski vacy, it wasn’t objectively reasonable. either of these methods. The DRA readings may have been proba- As to what is revealed, we have already A person does not tive of an illegal grow operation, however they touched on this issue. DRA data, like FLIR have a reasonable ex- did not disclose intimate details about the ac- data, does not show precisely what is going pectation of privacy in cuseds’ lives. The court referred extensively to on in the home. Certain inferences, as to the their power consumption two Canadian Supreme Court decisions which presence of an illegal marijuana grow opera- cycles, Saskatchewan’s found a person has no reasonable expectation tion, may be drawn from this information if it highest court has ruled. of privacy in information police had acquired; is coupled with other information, but as the In R. v. Cheung & Huang, R. v. Tessling (police used thermal imaging to trial judge herself indicated, DRA data does 2007 SKCA 51 a confidential source with obtain a heat signature) and R. v. Plant (police not indicate conclusively that such an opera- peace officer and drug investigation experi- checked power consumption records). In al- tion is present. … ence told police about two nervous looking lowing the Crown’s appeal, the court stated: As Crown counsel acknowledged in oral oriental males. They were seen unloading four First, we note that the trial judge indicated argument, it is inconceivable that a search or five strings of black pots bound by rope, that the information in this case is considerably warrant could be issued in relation to a a green garden hose and two extension cords more valuable to the police, in detecting the il- marijuana grow operation on the basis of DRA from their car, which had out of province legal activity taking place in the home, than the data alone. This is so because there could be plates, and carried the items into a residence. FLIR data was found to be in Tessling. In our legitimate bases for both the amount of power A search of the local utilities services showed view, usefulness to the police is not the test. As consumption and the consumption pattern the monthly average power consumption for we have noted, the information obtained from shown in this case. Again, in that respect, this the residence was normal. the power company in Plant was also valuable case is like Tessling where it was decided that Police asked the utility company to place to the police, as was the information obtained no warrant could ever properly be granted on a digital recording ammetre (DRA) on the in Tessling found to be useful. the basis of a FLIR heat profile alone. accused’s home for two weeks. The device We do not believe, however, that utility to Finally, on the question of whether the measures and records the amount of power the police is what the court in Tessling had in DRA data exposed any intimate details of flowing into the home in five to seven minute mind when it talked about the quality of the the accuseds’ lifestyle or core biographical intervals. The results revealed a significantly information. The focus in Tessling, on the na- data, the trial judge herself concluded that it elevated level of power consumption over a ture and quality of the information, was for the would be “somewhat strained to say that this normal residence of that type and a high cy- purposes of determining whether information information falls within the ‘biographical clical power consumption for 12 hours over about the biographical core of an individual core of personal information’ that the Charter a 24-hour period. was revealed. FLIR technology may reach the is designed to protect or that it affects the Police obtained a warrant to search for capacity to tell where and what human beings ‘dignity, integrity and autonomy’ of the per- a grow operation and found Huang inside, are doing. It is in that respect that the court in son whose home is the subject of the DRA.” along with cash and marijuana. Both Cheung Tessling was concerned about the quality of Nonetheless, she concluded that the accused and Huang were charged with producing the technology. Like the FLIR technology, a had an objectively reasonable expectation of marijuana, possession for the purpose of DRA is still “off-the-wall” and not “through- privacy in this data. As we have indicated, trafficking, possession of crime property and the-wall” technology, to use the terminology we see this part of the analysis being largely stealing power, but were acquitted by the mentioned in Tessling. answered by Plant. Saskatchewan Court of Queen’s Bench. Secondly, we disagree with the trial Plant indicates that the information about The judge excluded the power usage evi- judge’s conclusion that the police technique the pattern of power consumption at issue dence under s.24(2). Since the accused had was intrusive in relation to the privacy inter- in that case could not reasonably be said to a reasonable expectation of privacy in the est, either in terms of the method used or reveal intimate details of an individual’s life information the DRA detected, police violated the information obtained. As to the method, because electricity consumption reveals very their s.8 Charter rights by intruding into the neither in Plant nor in Tessling was the little about the personal lifestyle or private privacy of their home. technique found to be intrusive. In Plant, the decisions of the occupant of a residence. The Crown appealed to the Saskatchewan information was obtained from the power While the DRA data in this case may be more Court of Appeal, arguing the trial judge erred company. In Tessling, the information was probative of the existence of an illegal grow in concluding the accused had a reasonable obtained by flying over the home, taking a operation than the data in Plant, we believe expectation of privacy in the DRA readings. picture and then assessing the image taken. this to be a difference of degree only and not a The unanimous court set aside the acquittals Placing a box on power company property difference that changes the substantive result and ordered a new trial. Although the accused in order to monitor power consumption is of the analysis. may have had a subjective expectation of pri- no more intrusive in terms of technique than We also note that if the power had not been siphoned off by the accuseds illegally, the information that would be necessary for a warrant would have been available in this case, in accordance with Plant. It would be a troubling conclusion if we were compelled to say that the accuseds have an expectation of privacy in information, in which, but for their theft of power, they would have no expectation of privacy (footnotes omitted, paras. 20-23). Since there was no privacy expectation, s.8 wasn’t engaged and there was no reason to address s.24(2).

Blue Line Magazine 32 November 2007 All grounds for arrest must be considered by Mike Novakowski nents of the evidence, but does not appear to have On the issue of conjecture, the trial judge also stepped back after, to knit it together as a whole. engaged in out-loud wondering, creating expla- An officer’s grounds for arrest must be Had he done so, the whole necessarily would have nations for the officer’s observations that had no examined as a whole, rather than each factor included reference to the feature of the undisputed foundation in the evidence tendered. There was, in isolation, British Columbia’s highest court evidence, which was the observed odour of al- for example, no evidence that (the accused) had has ruled. cohol emanating from the car when the window been driving for 10 hours or just had an emotional In R. v. Todd, BCCA 176 a police officer was rolled down, that wasn’t referred to either in experience that made his eyes glassy – yet the trial found the accused asleep while parked at a green the ruling on the reasonable and probable cause judge proffered these as potential explanations for light. His car was running and in gear and he had for the demand and the subsequent exclusion of that observation in his ruling on the breathalyzer loud music playing. The officer pounded on the the breathalyzer test results, or in the reasons for demand issue (paras. 36-37). driver’s window at least four times before Todd acquittal on the impaired driving charge. Todd’s appeal was dismissed. rolled it down, releasing a smell of alcohol, and he produced a ‘Save On More’ card when asked for his driver’s licence. The officer observed that he had “glassy eyes,” made a breath demand, gave the appropriate warnings and arrested him. At the station, the officer again observed that Todd’s eyes were glassy, his face slightly flushed, he was a little unsteady on his feet and his breath smelled strongly of alcohol. Todd provided two breath samples and was charged with impaired and over 80mg%. A British Columbia Provincial Court judge acquitted Todd, ruling in part that the officer did not have objectively reasonable and probable grounds for the breath demand. He looked at individual indicia of impairment and found a possible alternative explanation for each: • The music could have been so loud that the person inside (awake or asleep) may have thought “the bass was a little heavy on the music;” • The person merely produced the wrong card. There was no evidence of fumbling the card or staring at it intently before hand- ing it over; • Glassy eyes – the driver could have been driving for a long time or could have been crying from a recent emotional experience; • The officer never made any inquiries of the driver as to why he fell asleep or asked any questions about liquor consumption. The Crown appealed, arguing, among other grounds, that the trial judge erred in concluding the officer did not have objectively reasonable and probable grounds for the breath demand. The judge agreed and ordered a new trial. The trial judge erred in considering alternative explana- tions for the indicia of impairment that were not in evidence; “individual pieces of evidence must not be examined in isolation but must be considered in the context of the totality of the evidence.” Todd appealed to the BC Court of Appeal, submitting that the appeal should not have been allowed. Justice Chiasson, writing on behalf of the court, agreed with the appeal judge’s findings. She found that the trial judge erred in reviewing and dis- counting each indicia of impairment observed by the officer. The proper test is to look at the evidence as a whole, not each piece by itself and speculate on other possibilities. She also commented on the trial judge’s piecemeal approach: The trial judge addressed specific compo-

Blue Line Magazine 33 November 2007 Checking seatbelt use justifies stop by Mike Novakowski seatbelt related purpose is justifiable under the random stop powers of motor vehicle legisla- Police may stop a vehicle to see if the tion because it is a legitimate reason related to driver’s seatbelt is buckled even without grounds driving a car: that a traffic law was broken, the Saskatchewan In my view, the trial judge made no error in Court of Appeal has ruled. concluding that (the accused) had been stopped In R. v. Doell, 2007 SKCA 61 the accused’s for a traffic safety purpose and, more particu- truck was stopped because he was seen leaving larly, had been stopped to determine if he was a bar parking lot without appearing to be using a wearing a seatbelt. Constable Rathwell said seatbelt. Doell failed a roadside breath test and he had watched (the accused’s) truck traveling was arrested for impaired driving. He provided through the parking lot “and the driver ap- breath samples over 80mg% at the station and peared not to be wearing a seatbelt.” As the was charged accordingly. truck turned onto Moss Avenue, Constable At trial in Saskatchewan Provincial Court, Rathwell observed “the driver reach across the Doell argued the seatbelt check was a ruse to shoulder and make motions to – as if he were stop him – arbitrary under s.9 of the Charter doing up his seatbelt.” He communicated this and a violation of his rights. The trial judge to Constable Ziola. disagreed, finding the stop was to investigate limits the rights of drivers in the interests of Constable Ziola made the decision to stop a possible seatbelt offence. He would have ac- promoting highway safety if the reason for (the accused). He recalled a comment that the quitted Doell if police had charged him with not the stop is related to traffic or vehicle safety, driver of the truck wasn’t wearing a seatbelt but wearing a seatbelt, because they were uncertain Richards stated. did not recall whether he or Constable Rathwell he was wearing one, but officers nonetheless Vehicle stops which are random or arbi- had made the observation. His notes indicated had the right and duty to investigate their sus- trary have been found to be justifiable pursuant that he could not ascertain for sure whether picion. There was no Charter breach and Doell to s. 1 of the Charter so long as they are con- Mr. Doell was wearing his seatbelt. Constable was convicted of driving over 80mg%. ducted for a purpose which relates to “driving Ziola relied heavily on his notes and was un- Doell appealed to the Saskatchewan Court a car, such as checking the drivers licence able to explain why he would have allowed (the of Queen’s Bench, which ruled police could and insurance, the sobriety of the driver and accused) to drive a number of blocks before legitimately stop a vehicle if the officer had the mechanical fitness of the vehicle” (see R. pulling him over if seatbelt use had been the a rational basis for thinking the driver wasn’t v. Ladouceur, (1990) 1 S.C.R. 1257 at 1287; issue. Nonetheless, he was clear and consistent wearing a belt. However, if police stop a driver R. v. Mellenthin, supra at p. 624). A stop for that the stop was made to check if (the accused) without any particular reason for thinking a the purpose of checking for seatbelt use falls was wearing a seatbelt (para. 25)... driver is not belted, the stop is arbitrary and within that rubric. Thus, in light of the record as a whole, I violates s.9 of the Charter. In this case, the Contrary to the reasoning of the summary see no reviewable error in the trial judge’s con- appeal judge found the officer did not have a conviction appeal judge, in the realm of traffic clusion that (the accused) was stopped for the rational basis for believing Doell wasn’t wear- safety there is no requirement that a police of- purpose of checking seatbelt use. As a result, ing his seatbelt, making the stop arbitrary. He ficer have a “rational basis” for believing an it does not matter either that the evidence fails excluded the certificate of analysis and entered offence has been committed before stopping to establish (he) wasn’t wearing a seatbelt or an acquittal. a vehicle. If the reason for an arbitrary stop that the evidence offers an arguably thin basis The Crown appealed to the province’s falls within the scope of the matters identified for suspecting he wasn’t wearing a seatbelt. highest court, arguing the appeal judge erred in Ladouceur and Mellenthin, it can be justified The essential point is this: the stop was made in holding police unjustifiably violated the pursuant to s. 1 of the Charter. The mere fact for a purpose contemplated by Ladouceur accused rights. Justice Richards, writing the that the stop is arbitrary does not determine its and Mellenthin and can thus be justified as a opinion of the court, agreed with the Crown. legality (paras. 20-21). reasonable limitation of (the accused’s) rights Section 40(8) of Saskatchewan’s Highway Police didn’t stop the driver for a reason even if it was arbitrary (para. 28). Traffic Act allows police to randomly stop unrelated to highway safety. In determining There was no Charter breach, the Crown’s vehicles. “A peace officer who… is read- whether a stop is legitimately made for traffic appeal was allowed and Doell’s conviction ily identifiable as a peace officer; and… is or vehicle safety, a court must focus on the was restored. in the lawful execution of his or her duties reason for the stop, rather than whether police and responsibilities may require the person in had a “rational basis” for it. Richards held the Visit www.blueline.ca/resources/caselaw for com- charge of or operating a motor vehicle to stop stop was made to check whether Doell was plete cases. You can email Mike Novakowski at that vehicle.” This statutory authority validly wearing a seatbelt. Stopping a vehicle for a [email protected]

Blue Line Magazine 34 November 2007 Terrorism and ideology

drive violence A two-vehicle collision has claimed the life of by Cyril Sweetville off-duty an Edmonton police of- ficer, Darryl Vandenberg, who had only been with the force Terrorism has been around since the begin- for about a year. RCMP say a ning of time. Acts of terrorism have occured southbound truck on Highway since pre-Roman times, impacting the world 21 crossed over into the oncom- and affecting many lives. It is part of our history ing lane where it collided with a and exists in many forms around the world. northbound car being driven by Religion, one of the main motivating fac- Vandenberg. The 36-year-old father of three died tors, has debuted as the main foundation for at the scene. terrorist acts ranging from Islamic militant attacks on Western interests to Tamil Tiger RCMP Cst. Christopher John Worden, 30, suicide bombings in Sri Lanka. Terrorism is of Ottawa was shot while re- fed by ideology and terrorists are willing to sponding to a call for police die for their cause. assistance and died later in The earliest recorded terrorist event oc- hospital. RCMP from the N.W.T. curred when the Zealots clashed with the Ro- and Alberta were brought in to man Empire over religious values. The Zealots search for the gunman. An ar- felt that they were unable to commit entirely system. Many ideologies have created commu- rest warrant for 23-year-old to their Jewish faith under the Roman govern- nities and political foundations in governments Emrah Bulatci was issued and he was arrested almost a week later in Edmon- ment, which considered it pagan, and murdered – Christian, Jewish, Islam, Communism and ton following a massive Canada-wide manhunt. Roman government officials and Jews who Secularism, to name a few. Ideology becomes Worden joined the Mounties in 2002 and served conspired with the Romans. a concern when it begins to depart from main- most of his career in the N.W.T. Word of his death Next came the Assassins, who first came stream worldviews and society. prompted people to bring flowers to the Hay River to light when Shiite and Sunni Muslims battled For example, the Branch Davidians in RCMP detachment. each other on theological grounds. Afterwards Waco, Texas were clearly indoctrinated with they fought the West (Christendom) during extremist Christian theology not accepted by After nine years as the city’s top cop, Regina’s the Crusades. Their main cause was defend- the larger Christian community. These gaps in police chief, Cal Johnston, ing Islam against the apostates and, later, the leadership and oversight led to cultic behaviour has handed in his resignation. Christians and Jews. and eventually a catastrophic event. Johnston began as Regina’s The contemporary history of terrorism The same parallel can be drawn for Al- chief of police in 1998. His begins during the French Revolution when the Qaeda, which branched off from general resignation becomes effective French government – led by Maximilien Robe- Islamic doctrine, developing its own extremist March 15. spierre – terrorized its own citizens to maintain theology which only Jihadists and Islamists power based on political ideology. Hundreds would support. It is not supported by many of thousands of people were killed. Muslims and only given credence with extrem- Soon after, the Anarchists began assas- ists. This is observed in the Toronto 17 arrests, Public Safety Minister Stockwell Day says he sinating high ranking government officials to as these individuals expressed a doctrine that wants made-in-Canada reforms to the law allowing explusion express the group’s ideology, which varied was sympathetic to extremist Islamist goals and of suspected terrorists. Under depending on the group. The Anarchists posed a threat to Canada’s national security. the current law, suspects often developed the “theory of the ‘propaganda of Such examples show how it is important faced removal based on secrect the deed’ – which recognized the utility of to understand the religious, ideological and intelligence gathered by CSIS, terrorism to deliver a message to an audience cultural variables behind terrorism. These heard behind closed doors other than the target and draw attention to a aspects should not be ignored as they are the in Federal Court and never cause.” This ideology was soon known by the tools that drive the hearts and minds of terror- disclosed to suspects. The Supreme Court ruled majority of society since the purpose was to ists and must be understood to develop a full that the system was unconstitutional and gave the spread a message. contextual understanding of the issue. government to design a better approach. This brings us to terrorist events of today. The majority of terrorists have an ideology Al-Qaeda flew airlines into very symbolic and – be it political or religious – that needs to be Public Safety Minister Stockwell Day has an- meaningful buildings to send the West the fulfilled. Islamists today want to transform the nounced $10 million to help the Canadian Police message that it wanted to rid Islamic lands of world into a worldwide Caliphate. The Tamil Research Centre establish a base in Regina. The Western values. Tigers hope to create an independent state money will give police, firefighters and paramed- The Toronto 17 attempted to attack Cana- based on socialism via political violence. Chris- ics the best knowledge, tools and technologies to dian interests based on their sympathetic belief tian cults attempt to seclude themselves from keep Canadians safe and will be run by Defence in Islamist doctrine. everyday society to avoid government, even Research and Development Canada. The Tamil Tigers keep fighting the Sri though they oppress their own followers. Lankan government in order to set up a socialist Ideology is an important factor in the style government, and Basque Separatists want lethal mix of most terrorist acts. To ignore it, to create their own nation within Spain. whether it be religious or political, is to ignore Each of these examples contain some sort the enemy from within. Government needs CLASSIFIED of ideological influence pertaining to individual to take proactive measures to ensure that a goals. As seen, this aspect of terrorism has been nation’s values continue to be foundational, FOR SALE: Streit Manufacturing with human history since its beginning and will including talking with various communities to Armoured Car, F-550 Turbo Diesel, continue, as ideology rests in the hearts and ensure respect and understanding in this time minds of people. of suspicion and distrust. 110,000 Kilometres. Ideology is a set of beliefs – a worldview or For Info or Photos Contact Kevin Knight Cyril K. Sweetville works at the RCMP Major Crime Sec- religion – created in the heart of an individual, tion – ViCLAS and previously worked in security screening. [email protected] or (902) 450-1396 community or nation, and becomes a value He can be reached at [email protected] .

Blue Line Magazine 35 November 2007 Blue Line Magazine 36 NovemberNovember 2007 Blue Line Magazine 37 November 2007 Police need a culture of visible policing by Chris Braiden On the contrary, it is the “culture of the tact between police and the public is through cloth” that has developed at the expense of a that same small percentage of the total. To understand what’s “culture of the cause” for which it was created. An annual US police study recently wrong with the culture of Ca- Monopoly does that to organizations, especially revealed that 46 per cent of officers didn’t nadian policing, which tends those on the public dollar. It’s a congenital make a single arrest, 63 per cent didn’t make to forget that police exist to disease of policing, which is the only ticket in a conviction arrest and eight per cent made 54 meet society’s needs, one town for its product. Monopoly changes what per cent of all conviction arrests. Guess where only has to review the way it does to suit itself. that eight per cent worked. Edmonton Police Service Police officers essentially have tenure in The solution rate for homicide, rape, (EPS) Cst Joe Slemko was treated. their work. Salaries, benefits and pensions are robbery and aggravated assault all plunged Slemko testified on behalf of the Bush fam- excellent and guaranteed. Their human needs between 1961 and 1991, the IACP reported. ily at the inquest into the death of their son Ian, are perpetually met. There’s no more motiva- What the chiefs didn’t mention was that during who was shot in the back of the head while in tion for those needs; they become entitlements. the same period, the proportion of uniformed RCMP custody in British Columbia. Slemko is That’s why, too often, police wants trump officers working on the street dropped from an a forensic expert in blood splatters who has testi- public needs. average of 85 per cent to less than half. fied internationally, for both sides, in criminal Policing’s organizational structure has The reason police wear uniforms is so cases, and had twice been convicted of insubor- become excessively and illogically specialized people can recognize them. It has been a reality dination for testifying against the Crown. and centralized (a proven fact of management forever that uniformed street officers make the “The Crown and the police are indivisible,” is that you get what you reward). The outcome vast majority of arrests. his superiors said. That’s wrong; the only thing is that most officers want to get off the street Logic being the science of reason, shouldn’t a police officer is indivisible from is the law! and into a specialized unit as soon as possible, these facts dictate that as many uniformed of- No one owns a witness or their evidence. Of- and then move from one specialty to another, ficers as possible be assigned to uniformed ficers are bound by law to perform their duties fleshing out the resumé. street duties? Shouldn’t that also apply to police with, “absolutely impartial service to law and in Recruiting commercials and pamphlets vehicles? I read recently that less than 500 of the complete independence of the police.” actually sell this reality. One police recruiter is Toronto’s 1,600 police vehicles are marked. A criminal trial is an independent, unbiased quoted as saying, “I tell recruits that unfortu- Information is the lifeblood of policing, search for truth, regardless of where it leads. nately they will have to spend their first three but the community has a lock on it. People will It’s not about winning or losing. If the police years on the street before being able to pursue not share sensitive neighbourhood information investigation before hand is not also an equally their careers.” over the telephone with a faceless voice, but unbiased search for truth, the trial is compro- The result? A workload analysis of the most will divulge it face-to-face with a copper mised from the beginning. EPS revealed that 389 of the 468 constables they know. You won’t get that help by sitting in From the first day, the RCMP’s treatment assigned to uniformed patrol divisions already a police office looking at a computer screen. of the Bush family has been a national disgrace. had applications for transfer out. Only five The culture that creates a problem can’t One example: when asked when an internal wanted back in! solve it, but cultures can change. The best way report into the matter would be made public, a The usual excuse for excessive specialization to change cultures is gutting and rebuilding staff sergeant replied, “the public has no right and centralization is the presumption that special- the structure that created it. Policing needs to to know!” ists make most arrests, but this is wrong. logically restructure itself around the reality I was an Edmonton cop for 29 years at all In 1990, uniformed street police made up of its duty-bound mandate – preserving and ranks from constable to superintendent. Based 34 per cent of EPS officers and responded to all maintaining the public peace. That work would on that experience, I say without doubt that the of the 172,000 dispatched calls for service – but be achieved through these three objectives: primary problem facing Canadian policing is get this – they made 85 per cent of total arrests • Generalize where possible; specialize not too much crime; not too few cops; not bud- that year, even though they are the most junior where necessary; gets; and not too little help from the public. officers. Fully 90 per cent of face-to-face con- • Decentralize where possible; centralize where necessary; • Design the reward system on the profes- sional sports model. The manager and coach are rewarded for 5.11 Tactical 2 Pentax Technologies 4 having their players in the right positions on the Blue Line Magazine 25 Pride in Service 16, 34 field. Players are rewarded for filling those posi- tions in a way that leads to the team’s success. C.R.I.S.P. 31 Schulich School of Business 30 There’s no shortage of police in Canada Cogent Systems 30 SEALS Action Gear 34 – Canadians spent $10 billion on policing Cruisercam 20 18 last year alone – it’s just that most officers are Dalhousie University 28 The Shoe Network 21 rewarded for being in the wrong positions on Dataradio 22 Thomson Carswell 13 the playing field. Defense Aerosols 9 Triform 23 In return, a growing number of citizens EADS 15 Underwater Kinetics Canada 27 are intimidated by and distrust police. Some Global Traffic Group 14 University of Guelph-Humber 11 refuse to call them because of past experience. Mega-Tech 17 Versaterm 25 Policing’s “culture of the cloth” has dictated Motorola 19 Victoria Police Department 27 things for too long. When policing’s ends again dictate its OLEYLAND Inc 9 WatchGuard Video 33 means, it will no longer be cloth-driven; it will Panasonic Canada 40 Whitmore & Hobbs 26 be cause-driven!

Chris Braiden is president of Chris Braiden Consulting. [email protected]

Blue Line Magazine 38 November 2007 Blue Line Magazine 39 November 2007 Blue Line Magazine 40 November 2007