DOCSLIB.ORG

Wildlife Law and the Legal Empowerment of the Poor in Sub-Saharan Africa: New Case Studies

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Wildlife Law and the Legal Empowerment of the Poor in Sub-Saharan Africa: New Case Studies WILDLIFE LAW AND THE LEGAL EMPOWERMENT OF THE POOR IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA: NEW CASE STUDIES MARIA TERESA CIRELLI ELISA MORGERA FAO LEGAL PAPERS ONLINE #79 September 2009 FAO Legal Papers Online is a series of articles and reports on legal issues of contemporary interest in the areas of food policy, agriculture, rural development, biodiversity, environment and natural resource management. Legal Papers Online are available at www.fao.org/legal/prs-ol For those without web access or email, paper copies of Legal Papers Online may be requested from the FAO Legal Office, FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00153, Rome, Italy, [email protected]. Readers are encouraged to send any comments or reactions they may have regarding a Legal Paper Online to the same address. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the United Nations or the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The positions and opinions presented do not necessarily represent the views of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. © FAO 2009 Acknowledgments The authors are very grateful to the experts who from various countries contributed useful background information for this study, and particularly to Nana Kofi Adu Nsiah from Ghana, Urbain Belemsobgo from Burkina Faso, Poonjaraj Khurun from Mauritius, Dominique Nsosso from Congo, Antoine Njiang from Cameroon, Fetene Hailu Buta, Ludwig Siege and Yeneneh Teka from Ethiopia and Jonathan Yiah from Liberia. Contacts with these experts were made possible through the kind cooperation of Kai-Uwe Wollscheid, Director General, International Council for Game and Wildlife Conservation; Michel Laverdiere, FAO Sub-Regional Forestry Officer for Eastern Africa; Fernando Salinas, Sub-Regional Forestry Officer for Western Africa; René Czudek, FAO Sub-Regional Forestry Officer for Southern Africa and Edgard Kaeslin, FAO Wildlife and Protected Areas Officer, whom the authors would also like to thank. Assistance by the following FAO Legal Interns is also gratefully acknowledged: Jacqueline Alastra, who prepared the case studies on Mauritius, Seychelles and Swaziland, Ileana Papadopoulou, who prepared the section on regional agreements, and Jesse Bellam, who provided editorial assistance. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION The contents of this study PART I – INTERNATIONAL BACKGROUND AND EMERGING TRENDS IN NATIONAL LEGISLATION 1. INTERNATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK 1.1 Membership in wildlife-related international agreements 1.2 Regional wildlife-related agreements 2. EMERGING TRENDS IN WILDLIFE LEGISLATION 2.1 Wildlife legislation and other related legislation 2.2 Institutions and role of stakeholders 2.2.1 Institutional set-up 2.2.2 Public participation in decision-making 2.2.3 Funds 2.3 Wildlife tenure and use rights 2.4 Wildlife management planning 2.5 Wildlife conservation 2.6 Wildlife use 2.6.1 Authorizations, permits and concessions 2.6.2 Sharing of benefits 2.6.3 Community-based wildlife management 2.6.4 Private sector’s wildlife management 2.6.5 Eco-tourism 2.6.6 Ranching and breeding 2.7 Human-wildlife conflicts 2.8 Law enforcement and access to justice 2.9 Gender and food security 3. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 3.1 Scope of wildlife legislation and coordination among relevant laws 3.2 Institutional setup and role of stakeholders 3.3 Wildlife tenure and use rights 3.4 Wildlife management planning 3.5 Wildlife conservation 3.6 Wildlife use 3.6.1 Issue of authorizations, permits and concessions 3.6.2 Sharing of benefits 3.6.3 Legal frameworks for community-based natural resource management 3.6.4 Legal frameworks for the private sector’s wildlife management 3.6.5 Eco-tourism 3.6.6 Ranching and breeding 3.7 Human-wildlife conflicts 3.8 Law enforcement 3.9 Gender and food security PART II CASE STUDIES: OVERVIEW OF NATIONAL LEGISLATION 1. BURKINA FASO 2. CAMEROON 3. CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC 4. CONGO 5. DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO 6. ETHIOPIA 7. GABON 8. GHANA 9. KENYA 10. LIBERIA 11. MALI 12. MAURITIUS 13. SEYCHELLES 14. SUDAN 15. SWAZILAND LIST OF LEGISLATION CITED BIBLIOGRAPHY Wildlife law and the legal empowerment of the poor in Sub-Saharan Africa: new case studies INTRODUCTION access to justice and the rule of law; property rights; labour rights; and business rights. Adequate wildlife management This is the second legal study focusing on legislation may contribute to the wildlife legislation and the empowerment of implementation of at least three of these the poor in Sub-Saharan Africa. It follows up pillars: for the first, it may set out measures on FAO Legal Paper Online 77 “Wildlife law to promote equality under the law, clear and the legal empowerment of the poor in rights and obligations, and facilitate access Sub-Saharan Africa” that was published in to justice; for the second, it may allocate May 2009 (www.fao.org/Legal/prs- 1 property rights, or related use rights, in such ol/lpo75.pdf). The purpose of this second a way that benefits are equitably shared, paper is to analyze wildlife legislation in an taking into account subsistence additional fifteen African countries, and requirements, traditional titles and practices, assess how similar issues (such as wildlife and disadvantages faced; for the fourth, it tenure, community-based wildlife may regulate contracts and other management, benefit-sharing, public arrangements for utilization so that participation in decision-making and law opportunities are available for all. enforcement, and human-wildlife conflicts) have been addressed. The lens through In particular, ownership of wildlife resources which available legislation has been or other management rights over wildlife analyzed is the concept of “legal resources, and security of their tenure, are empowerment of the poor,” as developed by key legal tools for the empowerment of the the Commission on Legal Empowerment of poor that have been identified by this study. the Poor, established under the aegis of the 2 Legal tools to ensure overall good United Nations between 2005 and 2008. governance for the recognition, allocation Accordingly, national legal frameworks were and possible revocation of these rights have examined in their potential to support the also been underscored, where possible. objective of effective regulation of wildlife Public participation in decision-making and management to promote environmental in management planning, as well as access sustainability and socio-economic to justice, are significant contributing factors development with a view to allowing all in ensuring that governance of wildlife members of society, and particularly resources is transparent, authorities are disadvantaged people, to directly benefit accountable, and that the diverse interests from sustainable wildlife management. Thus, of society – in particular those of the poor, the study sought to evaluate whether wildlife other disadvantaged groups, and of local legislation can significantly contribute to and indigenous communities – are duly improving food security, alleviating poverty taken into account. Finally, legal tools that and enhancing rural livelihoods, by fulfilling may facilitate the access to financial international obligations and following best services, the easy and affordable setting-up practices related to the conservation and of business operations as well as the exit sustainable use of biodiversity. from a business as necessary, have been, to a lesser extent, detected in the legislation Several of the legal tools for sustainable of some of the countries analyzed in this wildlife management identified in the study. The question of benefit-sharing is previous study were considered significant also critical in having the poor profiting from in contributing to the empowerment of the or being compensated for the conservation poor. According to the Commission on the and management of wildlife resources. Legal Empowerment of the Poor, four pillars Building upon the findings of the previous sustain the concept of legal empowerment: legal study, the present paper thus identifies further legal tools for empowering the poor 1 The countries covered in the previous legal study in sustainable wildlife management, as well were: Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Madagascar, as singling out shortcomings and challenges Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Tanzania, that may provide useful food for thought for Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe. 2 The Commission completed its mandate in 2008. wildlife legislators around the world. Available at www.undp.org/Legalempowerment. At its sixty-third session on 11 December 2008, the UN General Assembly, in a brief resolution (63/142), took note of the final report of the Commission, stressing the importance of sharing best national practices in the area of legal empowerment of the poor. FAO Legal Papers Online September 2009 1 Wildlife law and the legal empowerment of the poor in Sub-Saharan Africa: new case studies THE CONTENTS OF to be described comprehensively. In some cases, the presentation includes provisions THIS STUDY relating to natural resources other than wildlife (such as forestry), where they set out Part I of the previous study (Part I, institutions or procedures that can be chapter 1) included an overview of the considered as useful examples or may be international legal instruments related to otherwise
Load more

Recommended publications
  • IN SEARCH of Africa's Greatest Safaris
    IN SEARCH of Africa's Greatest Safaris A S E R I E S O F L I F E C H A N G I N G J O U R N E Y S T H A T L E A V E A F R I C A ' S W I L D L I F E I N A B E T T E R P L A C E Who We Are Vayeni is owned and run by Luke & Suzanne Brown. Together they have built a formidable reputation for seeking out the finest safari experiences Africa can offer and combining these into cathartic experiences for the most judicious travellers. Luke and Suzanne also co- founded the Zambesia Conservation Alliance together with Luke's brother Robin. Through Zambesia their goal is to successfully assist Africa's increasingly threatened habitats and wildlife. Where We Take You East Africa Indian Ocean Islands Southern Africa Antarctica Comfort Between Destinations All journeys include a private jet between destinations & a dedicated, highly acclaimed African specialist guide throughout. CA AFRI EAST NDS ISLA CEAN AN O INDI ly p s e S e e E d d f i o R v a s U o . h r f e c S p o d i r A l t e r r a E c o a e e R n h w S t e S T d n S e i d y ' c v e T t e I la e c F p s e n I n s r R e n A l o u d c o n u J o re b atu ign S S OU T HE IND RN IA AF N R OC ICA ch of EA In Sear N ISL ICA AN T AFR DS EAS FRICA ERN A DS ECRETS UTH SLAN ZAMBESIA'S S SO EAN I N OC A INDIA CTIC NTAR A A vast & rich region of s, s, wildlife presided over by the o d of in r rgest African elephant herd 7 h pa s la ch R o le r T , e a on the planet.
    [Show full text]
  • Market Snapshot Seychelles Hundred Islands of Paradise
    FEBRUARY 2018 PRICE: US$250 MARKET SNAPSHOT SEYCHELLES HUNDRED ISLANDS OF PARADISE Larissa Lam Manager Daniel J Voellm Managing Partner HVS.com HVS | Level 7, Nan Fung Tower, 88 Connaught Road, Central, Hong Kong Seychelles Tourism Records Stable Growth Seychelles continues to prove its popularity in the European market as a hideaway holiday destination while gaining reputation in the Middle Eastern and Asian markets. Republic of Seychelles is an archipelago of 116 islands located in the Western Indian Ocean east of East Africa. Across all 116 islands, Seychelles has a total land area of 455 square kilometers. The country consists of two distinct island groups: the Mahé group, in the north, and a chain of low-lying coral islands stretching away to the south. All of the country’s principal islands belong to the Mahé group; they include Mahé Island (the largest at 27 kilometers long and 11 kilometers wide), Praslin Island, Silhouette, La Digue and 28 smaller islands. The 83 coral islands are largely without water resources, and most are uninhabited. The population of Seychelles (2017 estimate) is 93,920. Victoria, on Mahé Island, is the capital, principal city and leading port of Seychelles. While more than 75% of the country’s population lives on Mahé Island, about 10% on Praslin, and others on La Digue and the outer islands. ANSE INTENDANCE, MAHÉ Visitor Arrivals Seychelles is known for its coral beaches, opportunities for water sports, UNESCO heritage sites, its abundant wildlife and nature reserves and its year-long tropical climate. The government of Seychelles strictly controls tourism development in the country to protect and conserve the fragile ecosystem of the islands, and also to enable the long-term sustainability of the sector, which depends heavily on the country’s MARKET SNAPSHOT: SEYCHELLES - HUNDRED ISLANDS OF PARADISE | PAGE 2 ecological offerings.
    [Show full text]
  • Rwanda: Gender Politics and Women’S Rights I AFRS-3000 (3 Credits) Online Seminar: (July 13 Th to 31St)
    Rwanda: Gender Politics and Women’s Rights I AFRS-3000 (3 credits) Online seminar: (July 13 th to 31st) This syllabus is representative of a typical semester. Because courses develop and change over time to take advantage of unique learning opportunities, actual course content varies from semester to semester. Course Description Rwanda is currently depicted as a model of quick growth and success in many areas including gender equality. In fact the country leads the world with women holding 61.3% of seats in the lower chamber of national legislature. In 2011, the Royal Commonwealth Society and Plan-UK, a British NGO, in its report published on March 14th, = ranked Rwanda as the 10th best country to be born a girl among 54 commonwealth countries. According to the same report, Rwanda was the 2nd country on the African continent after Seychelles. In 2020, Rwanda ranked 9th worldwide in the gender gap index between men and women in the four key areas of health, education, economy and politics (World Economic Forum Report on global gender gab index, 2020). This course is all about understanding what these apparently tremendous achievements mean in the everyday life of female citizens of Rwanda. Drawing on critical African women’s studies, contemporary feminist theories and theories of social change and social transformation, the course will examine the contemporary political, economic, legal, social as well as cultural reforms that have been influencing Rwanda’s gender politics and impacting women’s rights in all aspects of life. This is an online seminar that will be delivered from July 13th to 31st 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • Statement of Outcomes of the 6Th Africa Initiative Meeting 1St March 2019, Kigali, Rwanda
    Statement of outcomes of the 6th Africa Initiative meeting 1st March 2019, Kigali, Rwanda 1. On 28 February – 1st March 2019, 68 delegates from 22 African countries and 11 Africa Initiative partners came together in Kigali, Rwanda, for the 6th meeting of the Africa Initiative (see annex 1). 2. The Africa Initiative was launched for a period of three years by the OECD hosted Global Forum in 2014 along with its African members and development partners (see annex 2). The Initiative aims to ensure that African countries can realise the full potential of progress made by the global community in implementing tax transparency and in international tax cooperation. With encouraging first results, its mandate was renewed for a further period of three years (2018-2020) in Yaoundé in November 2017. Countries participating in the Africa Initiative have committed to meeting specific and measurable targets in implementing and using the international tax transparency standards. 3. The delegates welcomed the attendance and support of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the Central Africa Monetary and Economic Community (CEMAC), the East Africa Community (EAC), the Organisation for the harmonisation of business law in Africa (Organisation pour l’Harmonisation en Afrique du Droit des Affaires – OHADA) and the European Union for the first time at an Africa Initiative meeting. 4. Emphasising the increasing political focus on tackling illicit financial flows (IFFs) from Africa, delegates discussed how to convert political attention into tangible deliverables. They acknowledged that enhanced tax transparency is an important part of the solution to fighting tax evasion which in turn is a major component of IFFs.
    [Show full text]
  • The Madagascar and Indian Ocean Islands Hotspot Ecosystem Profile Summary
    The Madagascar and Indian Ocean Islands Hotspot Ecosystem Profile Summary 1 About CEPF Established in 2000, the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) is a global leader in enabling civil society to participate in and influence the conservation of some of the world’s most critical ecosystems. CEPF is a joint initiative of l’Agence Française de Développement (AFD), Conservation International, the European Union, the Global Environment Facility (GEF), the Government of Japan, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation and the World Bank. CEPF is unique among funding mechanisms in that it focuses on high-priority biological areas rather than political boundaries and examines conservation threats on a landscape scale. From this perspective, CEPF seeks to identify and support a regional, rather than a national, approach to achieving conservation outcomes and engages a wide range of public and private institutions to address conservation needs through coordinated regional efforts. CEPF’s first phase of investment in this hotspot ran from 2001 to 2006 and totaled US$4.25 million. A consolidation phase of US$1.4 million followed, though it was delayed due to the country’s political situation and ran from 2009 to 2012. CEPF’s investments achieved significant results, particularly by helping to establish more than 1 million hectares of new protected areas, improving the livelihoods of communities near several protected areas, and by developing a direct link between improving livelihoods and preserving biodiversity. CEPF’s support enabled the participation of a broad range of stakeholders—many of whom had never had the opportunity to operate independently—and also enabled more well-known organizations to take risks to undertake conservation efforts with uncertain outcomes.
    [Show full text]
  • Documents.Worldbank.Org/Curated/En/2016/04/26238180/Energy-Economic- Growth-Poverty-Reduction-Literature-Review-Main-Report
    WPS7788 Policy Research Working Paper 7788 Public Disclosure Authorized Financial Viability of Electricity Sectors in Sub-Saharan Africa Public Disclosure Authorized Quasi-Fiscal Deficits and Hidden Costs Chris Trimble Masami Kojima Ines Perez Arroyo Farah Mohammadzadeh Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Energy and Extractives Global Practice Group August 2016 Policy Research Working Paper 7788 Abstract This paper studies the financial viability of electricity sectors number of countries with a quasi-fiscal deficit below zero in 39 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa using an approach increases to 13 under the second scenario, and to 21 when similar to that in an earlier study, the Africa Infrastruc- oil price impacts are considered, indicating tariff increases ture Country Diagnostic. The quasi-fiscal deficit in each may not be needed at benchmark performance in these country is calculated under two scenarios: existing util- cases. Combined network and collection losses on aver- ity performance and benchmark utility performance. In age represent a larger hidden cost and are less politically the first scenario, only two countries have a financially sensitive to address than underpricing, so could be a smart viable electricity sector (the Seychelles and Uganda). Only area for policy focus to reduce quasi-fiscal deficits. Under- 19 countries cover operating expenditures, while several pricing remains an issue to address over the medium term, countries lose in excess of US$0.25 per kilowatt-hour sold. as service quality improves. With no changes in power Quasi-fiscal deficits average 1.5 percent of gross domestic mix, tariffs would need to increase by a median value of product, and exceed 5 percent of gross domestic product US$0.04 per kilowatt-hour sold at benchmark performance, in several countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Country Codes ISO 3166
    COUNTRY CODES - ISO 3166-1 ISO 3166-1 encoding list of the countries which are assigned official codes It is listed in alphabetical order by the country's English short name used by the ISO 3166/MA. Numeric English short name Alpha-2 code Alpha-3 code code Afghanistan AF AFG 4 Åland Islands AX ALA 248 Albania AL ALB 8 Algeria DZ DZA 12 American Samoa AS ASM 16 Andorra AD AND 20 Angola AO AGO 24 Anguilla AI AIA 660 Antarctica AQ ATA 10 Antigua and Barbuda AG ATG 28 Argentina AR ARG 32 Armenia AM ARM 51 Aruba AW ABW 533 Australia AU AUS 36 Austria AT AUT 40 Azerbaijan AZ AZE 31 Bahamas BS BHS 44 Bahrain BH BHR 48 Bangladesh BD BGD 50 Barbados BB BRB 52 Belarus BY BLR 112 Belgium BE BEL 56 Belize BZ BLZ 84 Benin BJ BEN 204 Bermuda BM BMU 60 Bhutan BT BTN 64 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) BO BOL 68 Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba BQ BES 535 Bosnia and Herzegovina BA BIH 70 Botswana BW BWA 72 Bouvet Island BV BVT 74 Brazil BR BRA 76 British Indian Ocean Territory IO IOT 86 Brunei Darussalam BN BRN 96 Bulgaria BG BGR 100 Burkina Faso BF BFA 854 Burundi BI BDI 108 Cabo Verde CV CPV 132 Cambodia KH KHM 116 Cameroon CM CMR 120 Canada CA CAN 124 1500 Don Mills Road, Suite 800 Toronto, Ontario M3B 3K4 Telephone: 416 510 8039 Toll Free: 1 800 567 7084 www.gs1ca.org Numeric English short name Alpha-2 code Alpha-3 code code Cayman Islands KY CYM 136 Central African Republic CF CAF 140 Chad TD TCD 148 Chile CL CHL 152 China CN CHN 156 Christmas Island CX CXR 162 Cocos (Keeling) Islands CC CCK 166 Colombia CO COL 170 Comoros KM COM 174 Congo CG COG
    [Show full text]
  • Recommendation 3 ISO Country Code for Representation of Names of Countries
    Recommendation 3 ISO COUNTRY CODE for Representation of Names of Countries At its first session, held in January 1972, the Group of The Working Party on Facilitation of International Trade Experts on Automatic Data Processing and Coding de- Procedures, cided to include in its programme of work the following Being aware of the need of an internationally agreed code task: system to represent names of countries, “To define requirements for country codes for use in Considering the International Standard ISO 3166 “Codes international trade, to be forwarded to ISO and to be for the representation of names of countries” as a suitable pursued in co-operation with it”. basis for application in international trade, It was entrusted to the secretariat to pursue this task. Recommends that the two-letter alphabetic code referred to in the International Standard ISO 3166 as “ISO AL- At a Meeting of the relevant ISO body, Working Group 2 PHA-2 Country Code”, should be used for representing of Technical Committee 46 “Documentation” in April the names of countries for purposes of International Trade 1972, it was agreed to set up a Co-ordination Committee whenever there is a need for a coded alphabetical desig- with the task to prepare proposals regarding a list of nation; entities, candidate numerical and alphabetical codes and maintenance arrangements. This Committee was com- Invites the secretariat to inform the appropriate ISO body posed of one representative each from ISO and ITU and responsible for the maintenance of ISO 3166 of any of the UNCTAD Trade Facilitation Adviser. amendments which the Working Party may suggest.
    [Show full text]
  • Présentation IRD Inception Workshop
    INCEPTION WORKSHOP Western Indian Ocean Strategic Action Programme Policy Harmonization and Institutional Reforms (SAPPHIRE) project Potential support and collaboration from IRD into SAPPHIRE Seychelles Date: 16 November, 2017 IRD outline IRD-WIO Regional projects Input into SAPPHIRE The French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) A French public multidisciplinary organization working primarily in partnership with Mediterranean and inter-tropical countries on the science of global development issues. an original approach to research, expertise, training and knowledge- sharing to the benefit of countries and regions that make science and innovation key drivers in their development 2 IRD outline IRD-WIO Regional projects Input into SAPPHIRE An institute working for development network and presence in fifty or so countries 3 IRD outline IRD-WIO Regional projects Input into SAPPHIRE Working in partnership : tools for collaborative Research An equitable scientific partnership Examples of joint capacity building and research instruments co-designed and co-developed with local partners • International Joint Laboratories (IJL) IJL are operational research structures located in a partner institution, created in conjunction with the IRD's partners to develop solid and long term sustainable working relationships (e.g. ICEMASA, in South Africa). • Young associated teams (JEAI) This program is designed to promote and strengthen new research teams in developing countries through partnership with IRD research units. Primary goal: building long-term research capacity & ownership in developing countries 4 IRD outline IRD-WIO Regional projects Input into SAPPHIRE Main flagship initiatives in the WIO region 1- Ongoing SEAS-OI: Satellite-based environmental monitoring in the Indian Ocean (since 2012). A centre for excellence in remote sensing.
    [Show full text]
  • Capacity-Building Initiatives Supporting the Implementation of the Nagoya Protocol
    CAPACITY-BUILDING INITIATIVES SUPPORTING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NAGOYA PROTOCOL SANTIAGO CARRIZOSA GLOBAL ADVISER ON ABS - UNDP [email protected] AGENDA •Main challenges in terms of capacity development •Lessons for the design of future capacity-building initiatives. •Capturing, packing, and sharing lessons. •Capacity-building needs •Alignment between projects and the Capacity-Building Strategic Framework. UNDP’S ABS PORTFOLIO: PROJECTS IN 43 COUNTRIES Belarus Kazakhsta Mongolia Albania n Tajikista China Lebanon n Morocco Jordan Bhutan Mexico Algeria Egypt Myanmar Dominican Rep. Vietnam Philippines Honduras Sudan India Costa Rica Cambodia Panama CameroonEthiopia Colombia Kenya Malaysia Ecuador Rwanda Seychelles Brazil Comoros Samoa Cook Islands Botswana Lesotho Fiji Uruguay South Africa Argentina MAIN CHALLENGES IN TERMS OF CAPACITY BUILDING 1. Low visibility/relevance of ABS and low political profile for ABS matters. 2. Limited commitment from governments to provide long-term financing for the support of teams in government institutions focused on implementing and monitoring ABS. 3. Capacity-building efforts do not have the desired long-term impact as job stability is an issue in many government organizations. LESSONS FOR THE DESIGN OF FUTURE CAPACITY-BUILDING INITIATIVES 1. Dialogue and coordination between current global, regional and local capacity-building initiatives is essential to ensure synergies, reduce costs and promote cooperation between countries. 2. ABS simulations where groups play the role of ABS government regulators and users/providers of genetic resources have proven to be a good capacity-building mechanism. 3. Mainstreaming gender into ABS is an effective strategy to ensure that women, men, youth, and elderly benefit from ABS deals. 4. More awareness on business models of industries that use genetic resources.
    [Show full text]
  • The Republic of Seychelles
    The Republic Of Seychelles Status of List of Reservations and Notifications at the Time of Signature This document contains a provisional list of expected reservations and notifications to be made by The Republic Of Seychelles pursuant to Articles 28(7) and 29(4) of the Convention. 1 Article 2 – Interpretation of Terms Notification - Agreements Covered by the Convention Pursuant to Article 2(1)(a)(ii) of the Convention,The Republic Of Seychelles wishes the following agreement(s)to be covered by the Convention: 2 Other Original/ Date of Date of No Title Contracting Amending Entry Signature Jurisdiction B Instrument intoForce 1 Agreement between the Jersey Original 28– Jul-15 5-Jan-17 Government of Jersey and the Government of the Republic of The Republic Of Seychelles for the avoidance of double taxation with respect to taxes on income 2 Agreement between the Republic of Original 11-Mar-05 22-Jun-05 Government of the Republic of The Mauritius Republic Of Seychelles and the Government of the Republic of Amending 03-Mar- April 2012 Mauritius for the avoidance of instruction (a) 2011 double taxation with respect to taxes on income. 3 Agreement between the Republic Belgium Original 27-Apr-06 10-09-15 of The Republic Of Seychelles and the Kingdom of Belgium for the avoidance of double taxation with respect to taxes on income AmendingInstr 14-Jul-09 N/A ument (a) 4 Agreement between the South Africa Original 26-Aug-98 29-07-2002 Government of the Republic of South Africa and the Government of the Republic of The Republic Of Amending 04-04-2011
    [Show full text]
  • Seychelles Leads Africa in ICT Development Country Focus
    Seychelles leads Africa in ICT development Country focus About 25 000 people live in and around Victoria, the capital of Seychelles, on the island of Mahé © EmmePi Images/Alamy Seychelles leads Africa in ICT development While all eyes may be focused on South Africa Seychelles Petroleum Company has developed the as it prepares to host the 2010 FIFA World country’s fi rst fl eet of modern petroleum tankers. All Cup, Seychelles has been unveiled in ITU’s ICT of these industries need robust ICT infrastructure. Development Index as the leading country in According to the ICT Development Index, information and communication technology Seychelles has a teledensity of about 27 fi xed phone (ICT) development in the African region. lines for every hundred inhabitants — and mobile penetration has surpassed the 100 per cent mark. Seychelles, a small island nation located in the Around a quarter of households have a computer, Indian Ocean about 1600 kilometres east of Kenya, and some 40 per cent of the population are users of comprises more than a hundred islands. Its capital the Internet. city Victoria is situated on the north-eastern side of Mahé, the largest island. Victoria is home to about Linking to a broadband fi bre-optic cable 25 000 people, out of the country’s total popula- Seychelles has always been among the leaders tion estimated at more than 87 000 at the end of in the region with regard to ICT deployment. A pro- December 2009. gramme of ICT development is under way to boost The country’s main industries are tourism and broadband in the country.
    [Show full text]