ARCHAEOLOGIST

VOLUME 18 JANUARY 1968 NUMBER 1

Published by THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF OHIO The Archaeological Society of Ohio Editorial Office Business Office 519 Front Street 423 Washington Avenue Marietta, Ohio 45750 Elyria, Ohio 44035 Officers President — Robert N. Converse, Plain City, Ohio 43064 1968 Vice President — Ensil Chadwick, Route 3, Mt. Vernon, Ohio 43050 1968 Executive Secretary — John Sarnovsky, 423 Washington Ave., Elyria, Ohio 44035 1968 Recording Secretary — E. R. Hughes, 216 N. George St., West Lafayette, Ohio 1968 Treasurer —J. Grant Keys, P.O. Box 637, Elyria, Ohio 44035 1968 Trustees Harry Hopkins, Box 322, Route 3, Piqua, Ohio 45356 1968 Dorothy L. Good, 15 Civic Drive, Grove City, Ohio 43123 1968 Charles L. Gschwind, 308 Grove Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio 45215 1968 John C. Altaian, 1336 Cory Drive, Dayton, Ohio 45406 1970 Harley W. Glenn, 1394 W- Third Ave., Columbus, Ohio 43212 1970 Summers A. Redick, 35 W. Riverglen Dr., Worthington, Ohio 43085 1970 Editorial Staff and Publications Committee Editor — Richard Patterson, 519 Front St., Marietta, Ohio 45750 Technical Editor — Raymond S. Baby, The Ohio State Museum, N. High and 15th Avenue Associate Editor — Martha A. Potter, The Ohio State Museum, N. High and 15th Avenue Production Manager — Ernest Good, 15 Civic Drive, Grove City, Ohio 43123 Regional Collaborators — John C. Altaian, 1336 Cory Drive, Dayton, Ohio 45406 Gerald Brickman, 409 Locust Street, Findlay, Ohio 45840 Jeff Carskadden, 285 W. Willow Drive, Zanesville, Ohio 43705 Robert Converse, Plain City, Ohio 43064 Mrs. Betty Crawford, 1119 Seminole Avenue, Mansfield, Ohio 44906 Elmer H. Grimm, 1217 Murray Ridge, Elyria, Ohio 44038 Richard H. Johnson, R.R. 3, Marion (Meeker), Ohio 44305 James R. Johnston, 2435 Copland Boulevard, Toledo, Ohio 43614 Richard Patterson, R.R. 2, Marietta, Ohio 45750 Robert Phillippi, P.O. Box 995, Station A, Alliance, Ohio Dr. Olaf H. Prufer, Dept. of Humanities, Case Institute of Technology, Cleveland, Ohio Summers A. Redick, 35 W. Riverglen Drive, Worthington, Ohio 43085 Ralph J. Servey, 1726 Baird Avenue, Portsmouth, Ohio 45664 M. Joseph Becker, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606 Frank Soday, 5709 East 61st Court, Tulsa, Oklahoma Back Issues — Terry Hiller, P.O. Box 231, Gnadenhutten, Ohio 44629 Object of the Society The Archaeological Society of Ohio is organized to discover and conserve archaeological sites and material within the State of Ohio; to seek and promote a better understanding among students and collectors of archaeological material, professional and non-professional, including individuals, museums, and institutions of learning; and to disseminate knowledge on the subject of archaeology. Membership in this society shall be open to any person of good character interested in archaeology or the collect­ ing of American Indian artifacts, upon acceptance of written application and payment of dues. ******************** The annual dues are payable on the first of January, as follows: Regular membership $4.50; Husband and Wife (one copy of pub­ lication) $5.50; Sustaining $25.00. Funds are used for publishing Ohio Archaeologist and for other necessary expenses of the Society. The Archaeological Society of Ohio is an incorporated non-profit organization, and has no paid officers or employees. Ohio Archaeologist is published quarterly. Subscription is included in the Society's membership dues. Back issues may be pur­ chased at these prices: per issue $1.25, per set of 4 issues $4.50 except when one of the following issues is included to change the price; double issues $2.00 (vol. 12, no. 1-2 Jan.-April, no. 3-4 July-Oct. 1962). Mail your remittance payable to The Archaeo­ logical Society of Ohio, to Terry Hiller, Box 231, Gnadenhutten, Ohio. "Ohio Flint Types" (vol. 13, no. 4, Oct. 1963) and "Ohio Stone Tools" (vol. 16, no. 4, Oct. 1966) $2.00 each. Mail your remittance, payable to The Archaeological Society of Ohio to Robert N. Converse, Plain City, Ohio 43064. Address all articles, personal news, queries, comments, etc. to The Editor. Address dues payments and questions related to dues to The Treasurer. Address membership applications and other correspondence to the Executive Secretary. OlllO ARCHAEOLOGIST VOLUME is Table of Contents NUMBER I

Officers, Trustees, Editorial Staff second cover The Cover 1 Editor's Page 2 President's Page 3 The Dam No. 8 Petroglyphs Site, 33 Co2 4-11 The Keiser Site: A Paleo-Indian Site in Tuscarawas County 12-16 Bifurcated Base Points From the Hayport Site in Scioto County 17 Color Plates first cover, 18-19, fourth cover Robert N. Converse 20-21 Edward R. Hughes 22-23 Artifacts From the Garret Zuber Collection 24-25 Surface Find of the Year 26-27 The Ohio Archaeologist: Some Comments 28-29 The Hartman Site: A Multi-Component Surface Site In Auglaize County, Ohio 30-33 Slate Gorgets In the Ralph Olson Collection 34 A Kentucky Cache 35 Ribbon Awards 36 Standing Committees third cover

Cover Photograph

Artifacts from the collection of Dr. Stanley Copeland are featured in this issue of the Ohio Archaeologist. Dr. Copeland's collection has been as­ sembled over a period of many years and is one of the finest in the state.

1 Editor's Page

The preservation and proper recording of search, additional information will continue archaeological site material is a task that to be destroyed. falls upon every member of our Society. Most The recording of artifact assemblages may of us will be in the position to accomplish be accomplished by a variety of methods such such work when we begin field trips during as listing of artifact types including measure­ 1968 to examine newly cultivated farm land ments and descriptions, photographing the and other such areas that mark the location specimens and preparing outline drawings or of prehistoric sites. actual sketches. These steps may require a considerable amount of work when recording It is regrettable in many instances that the several different collections made at the same artifact assemblages of various sites are not site, but if anyone intends to gather artifact kept together as a unit for study purposes. samples from an archaeological site they Most individuals interested in collecting In­ should be obligated to record the material as dian artifacts realize the importance of keep­ well and to the best of their ability. During ing collections from different sites separated the winter months, one can prepare for field and that unless this procedure is followed we activities by studying the available archaeo­ lose the identification of cultural material logical literature with reference to the area characteristic of each site. Situations exist, in which he expects to carry out research. however, where a number of uncooperative He can obtain quadrangle maps for recording individuals collect from the same site and the site locations, arrange collecting equipment assemblage is separated not only on this ba­ to be ready for any situation that may occur, sis, but also in the failure of certain of these and should plan to include a camera that will same individuals to keep their private sam­ provide dependable photographs. ples together. In regards to the latter, a poor picture can Indiscriminate collecting of this nature is be as much of a loss as no picture especially comparable to the loss of important portions when it is intended to be used in a published of a jigsaw puzzle and this is exactly the report. It might also be of note to mention case we are dealing with, a prehistoric one. that any picture illustrating improper exca­ When a large enough portion of our puzzle vating techniques cannot be used in a publi­ becomes lost, the complete picture can never cation. I have seen only a few examples of be achieved. If more individuals could work these type of pictures while serving as editor, together to record site material before it be­ but occasionally this does happen. comes scattered there would be a good deal Let each of us examine the methods of more information preserved. Working to­ collecting and recording site information that gether as a cooperative group, I feel that the we now use and consider the possibility of amateurs have much to offer to archaeologi­ improvement. It would be well to remember cal research. However, as long as certain peo­ that the research accomplished by us now, if ple make a game out of the practice of col­ properly conducted, can provide the informa­ lecting by trying to see who can find the tion required by future workers in the field largest number of artifacts or the finest of archaeology. specimens without respect to scientific re­ Richard Patterson

2 President's Page

In this issue of the Ohio Archaeologist we Needless to say, the offer of these nega­ are presenting for the first time pictures in tives overcame two of the obstacles encoun­ full color. This innovation had been discussed tered in color printing—the cost of taking the in the past at many of our executive meet­ pictures and the need for high quality pro­ ings and the idea was discarded as being too fessional negatives. The pictures are of arti­ costly. facts in the collection of Dr. Stanley Copeland I had recalled having read an article in of Columbus, Ohio, and are breathtakingly The Wonderful World of Ohio magazine beautiful. They show some of the most color­ about flint and its being named as Ohio's ful artifacts ever assembled in one collection. official stone. In this article were pictures Gilfillan's story will appear in a future of colorful Flint Ridge flint and artifacts issue of The Wonderful World of Ohio and made of this beautiful stone. A call to the will be well worth reading by all of our mem­ Wonderful World of Ohio offices put me in bers. It will deal principally with the In­ touch with the editor, Merrill Gilfillan, who dian's preference for beautiful and high qual­ informed me that they had been considering ity flints. It will be accompanied by a num­ a story on colorful flint for a future issue of ber of pictures in full color. their magazine. Gilfillan has a great interest On behalf of the Archaeological Society of in Ohio Indians and archaeology and has Ohio I wish to thank The Wonderful World edited a number of stories on Indian pre­ of Ohio magazine and Editor Merrill Gilfil­ history. He generously offered to share with lan for their most generous and courteous us some of the color negatives taken in prep­ cooperation. aration for their forthcoming article. Robert N. Converse

3 The Dam No. 8 Petroglyphs Site, 33 Co 2< by JAMES L. SWAUGER Assistant Director, Carnegie Museum Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Introduction the original site, nor do I have enough infor­ Among those sites which Harold B. Barth mation to illustrate orientation or association of East Liverpool, Ohio, recorded in 1908 and among designs except in those few instances 1909, was the Dam No. 8 Petroglyphs Site where more than one design appears on a coded by the Carnegie Museum as 33 Co 2 photograph. Previously I have stated: (Swauger 1963 b). In January 1963, W. C. The site descriptions that follow include Reeves, Mrs. Birgitta L. Wallace, and the textual descriptions of designs only when author inspected Barth's tracings of the de­ I think comment will enrich understand­ signs from the site, and photographed them ing. I see no point in my speculating about in black and white and in color. The petro­ a design just because it exists when I have nothing to say about it that I con­ glyphs themselves are visible only when sider important. The sketches and photo­ water is low in the Ohio River; on one such graphs record shape, size, and orientation occasion in 1940 they were photographed. that may suggest meaning to others, for The drawing that appears in Figure 2a of a design that means nothing at the mo­ this article was traced from that photograph ment to me. (Swauger 1961 c: 14). provided through Barth's courtesy. From that point of view, Fig. 2 is a better "description" of the site than one that could In 1963, I made the following entry in my be written. notes: "According to Barth the Dam No. 8 The photographs of the designs at the site Site, 33 Co 2, is the same as the Wellsville are presented in Figures 2 and 3. Basic in­ site of literature, 33 Co 1; he, and I, prefer formation concerning the designs — Design Dam No. 8 since according to Barth most of Number assigned in the Dam No. 8 List of the figures were in that area rather than Designs, Carnegie Museum Petroglyph De­ along the river at the town site." It may be sign List Number, black-and-white negative fairer to say there are two clusters of figures number, color slide number, illustration num­ along the river, one (33 Co 1) near Wells­ ber in Figures 2 or 3, and descriptive name ville and the other (33 Co 2) just upstream —are tabulated on page 6. of Dam No. 8, but for purposes of this article Measurements of the design are based on the two are treated as one site. measuring rods incorporated in the photo­ According to calculations based on Barth's graphs from which these figures were pre­ descriptions, the Dam No. 8 petroglyphs lie pared. The dimensions are presented as abso­ between Wellsville at 80° 39' West Longitude, lute even though some distortion of distance 40° 36' North Latitude, and Dam (Lock) No. is present because they are measurements of 8 between Wellsville and East Liverpool at flat surfaces whereas the designs were on 80° 37' 25" West Longitude, 40° 37' 15" curved surfaces (Fig. 2a). All measurements North Latitude (Fig. 1). A reasonable esti­ are given in meters and are identified by use mate of mean elevation is about 680 feet. of the abbreviation, m. These calculations locate the site in Yellow The use of "rattlesnake" as the name for Creek Township, Columbiana County, Ohio. Design Number 1, CMPDL No. 15, is obvious Description (Fig. 2b). Measured in a straight line from Because the data on which this article is the tip of the left projection on the head to based were not gained in the field but from the tip of the tail, the design is 1.33 m. long. Barth's records, I can give no description of The "Y" formed by the two right projections

* Study on which this article is based was financed largely by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission.

1 25 Ml.

Fig. 1 (Swauger) Map showing the location of various petroglyph sites in the Ohio Valley.

5 on the head may represent the forked tongue projection on the top of its head to the right of the snake. However, these lines may have rear foot is 0.52 m. another interpretation which will be consid­ Design Number 4 is another X-ray animal ered later. The banding is a reasonably good (Fig. 2e). Again, there is a projection on impression of the markings on a rattler's the head and, this time, two lines emanating body. from the region of the ears. The length from Design No. 2 is obviously a turtle (Fig. the tip of the projection on the head to the 2c). The plethora of lines at the rear of the tip of the tail as preserved in the tracing is body is probably all that is left of double 0.87 m.; from the tip of the wavy line pro­ lines outlining the rear feet and tail; the jecting back over the animal's body to the front feet are also made with double lines. bottom line of the furthest foot is 0.38 m. Whether the two lines on the back were Design Number 5, the upper image in Fig­ deliberately placed there by the man who ure 2f, is another X-ray animal. The dimen­ carved the design or were in the rock when sion from tip of tail to furthest bulge of head he carved it is not known. Nor is it possible is 0.54 m.; from furthest bulge of back to to determine from the tracing whether the bottom of rear foot is 0.17 m. Design Num­ impressions were of the same character as ber 6 is the blob with bifurcated tail and club- the carving of the obvious body of the turtle, ended projection seemingly impaled on a rod or were not. From the tip of head to the running down from the neck region of De­ furthest bulge of the most extended element sign Number 5 (Fig. 2f). I find it hard to in the rear is 0.36 m.; from tip of the left believe the two figures are truly related and leg to the furthest extension of the elements consider their juxtaposition fortuitous. making up the right rear leg is 0.31 m. Such nebulous figures as Design Number 6 Design Number 3 is an animal of the sort should be designated as "abstract" because dubbed "X-ray" by Delf Norona (Norona other titles might connote a natural or man- 1955) (Fig. 2d). I have no idea what sort of made object that would color later efforts animal it may have been meant to be. The to reach an explanation of what the carver projection—perhaps an ear or a horn—jut­ meant the design to represent. From the ting from the animal's head, the wavy line point where the rod leaves the neck region extending down from the region of its "ear", of Design Number 5 to the furthest curve of and the projection jutting from its chest are the circumference of the head of the right- intriguing features that will be considered at hand projection is 0.25 m.; from the tip of some length later. From the furthest bulge of its "head" to the tip of the lower element of the wavy line to the tip of the tail in a the bifurcation is 0.22 m. straight line is 0.74 m.; from the tip of the Design Number 7 I call a mythological

33 Co. 2 B&W Color Illus­ Design CMPDL Negative Slide tration Descriptive Name Number Number Number Number Number 1 15 3530 7177 2h Rattlesnake 2 51 3531 7178 2c Turtle 3 5 3535 7182 2d Animal, X-ray 4 5 3536 7183 2e Animal, X-ray 5 5 3537 7184 2f Animal, X-ray 6 3 3537 7184 2f Abstract 7 54 3534 7181 3a Mythological creature 8 16 3528 7174 3b Human being 9 16 3528 7174 3b Human being 10 16 3529 7175 3c Human being with club 7176 11 16 3533 7180 3d Human being 12 19 3532 7179 3e Human foot 13 19 3532 7179 3e Human foot B *7 METER H

30 CM.

30 CM.

I METER v

30 CM. Fig. 2 (Swauger) Petroglyphs from the Dam No. 8 Petroglyphs Site. creature (Fig. 3a). From the furthest bulge or bar which marks the termination of the of "neck" to furthest tip of tail is 0.66 m.; body proper and shows the beginning of the the dimension from the tip of furthest point rattles." (Wall 1884: 688). The presence of of the ear to greatest bulge of "belly" is lines across the body of Francis Farm De­ 0.32 m. sign Number 11 was the reason for calling Design Number 8 is a human (Fig. 3b, it a rattlesnake. A second figure, Hamilton left). The arms of the figure are parallel Farm Design Number 26, is another example arcs. The arc running across the body on the of the same animal. (Swauger 1963a: 2, 5, right belongs to this figure and not to Fig­ Fig. 1). In 1890, W. H. Holmes described the ure 9. From the tip of the projection on its Harrison County rock shelter, Harrison Coun­ head to a line connecting the furthest points ty Petroglyphs Site, 46 Hs 1 (Holmes 1890: of its feet is 0.77 m. Across the widest ex­ 217-223). I have not studied this site in the panse of its body is 0.23 m. Design Number field yet and so have not placed it on the 9 is also a human (Fig. 3b, right). Its right map (Fig. 1), but two of the figures bear arm bends very near its right shoulder and bands across their bodies and lines running slants across the body. From the tip of the across their tails, to represent rattles. Mal- center projection on its head to a line con­ lery (1893: Plate XXXI) illustrates the de­ necting the furthest points of its feet is 0.85 signs from the site as does Norona (1955: m. Across the widest expanse of its body is Fig. 46). 0.23 m. The rattlesnake of the Dam No. 8 Site, Design Number 10 is a human carrying Design Number 1, is much more clearly a what seems to be a club (Fig. 3c). From rattlesnake than are any of those at the the tip of the top right projecting element sites noted above. The bands across the body to the furthest bulge of the design's foot is are thick and solid. The rattles of the tail are 1.56 m.; across the widest expanse of its obvious. At the snake's head are three pro­ body is 0.35 m. jections. The third projection, the one on the I call Design Number 11 a human although left, is not a part of the tongue but is one of others might call it something else with equal those marks meant to indicate that the crea­ justice; it was first catalogued as an animal ture or the person represented by the design (Fig. 3d). The length from the tip of the was possessed of magical power (Hoffman projection on its head to the furthest bulge 1891: 185, 196, 207). I think it is a legiti­ of its left foot is 0.42 m.; across the widest mate conclusion that the person who carved expanse of its body is 0.16 m. the rattlesnake meant it to indicate not just a rattlesnake but a special one with powers Design Number 12, the five-toed design of superior to those of the ordinary rattlesnake, Figure 3e, is interpreted as being a human or a human with powers superior to those of foot. From the tip of the toe on the right the ordinary human. foot to the furthest bulge of the heel is 0.30 m.; from the tip of the toe on the left The primary example of the turtle motif to the furthest bulge of the right side of the is Design 13 of the Parkers Landing Petro­ foot opposite is 0.16 m. Design Number 13, glyphs Site 36 CI 1. (Swauger, n.d. a). The the four-toed design of Figure 3, can be Dam No. 8 turtle is a much clearer turtle called either a human foot or a paw as well. than that of the Parkers Landing Site. Tur­ From the tip of the second toe from the left tles are also on the Brown's Island Petro­ to the furthest bulge of the heel is 0.24 m. glyphs Site, 46 Hk 8, Designs 11, 27, and 31. (Swauger, n.d. b). Comparisons Design Number 7 is much like Design In discussing the Francis Farm Petro­ Number 29 of the Brown's Island Site (Swau­ glyphs Site, 36 Fa 35, (Swauger 1964b: 59, ger n.d. b) in the treatment of its head. Both Fig. 2), I labeled Design Number 11 of that heads are horse-like. However other parts of site a rattlesnake, basing the designation on the two bodies do not resemble each other, an interpretation made by J. Sutton Wall in nor does Design Number 7 of Dam Number 8 1884. Describing a design on the Hamilton resemble other designs designated as mytho­ Farm Petroglyphs Site, 46 Mg 12, Wall said, logical creatures. Four lines project above "The rattlesnake is distinguished by the line the body and two below it; these might have I METER

Fig. 3 (Swauger) Petroglyphs from the Dam No. 8 Petroglyphs Site.

9 intended to represent fins or lines of magic others interested in the general subject of powers. petroglyphs often lead to speculation as to Designs 8, 9, 10, and 11 are all humans, whether or not petroglyphs in general and although others might justifiably label De­ the X-ray designs in particular were not sign Number 11 as something else. All four meant to be hunting magic. Heizer and Baum- figures bear on their heads the projections hoff (1959: 904, 904; 1962: 281) concluded believed to be symbols of power as described that petroglyphs in western and central Ne­ by Hoffman (Hoffman 1891: 196, 207). In vada and California were hunting magic. But particular the projection from the head of their opinion was based for the most part on Design Number 11 is of the sturdy, stumpy the fact that petroglyphs, particularly those type similar to one of Hoffman's illustra­ showing game animals, were clustered at am­ tions (1891: 207). It is possible that the lines bush points along game trails. So far I have on Designs 8, 9, and 10 might be meant to not been able to associate petroglyphs in the indicate hair or feathers but I do not think Upper Ohio Valley with specific game trails, one can as easily apply such a description to but some Ojibwa birchbark Midewiwin scrolls the projection on Design Number 11. It is bear X-ray designs which Hoffman recorded not possible to determine whether the hu­ as being hunting magic (1891: 222, Figs. 20 mans of Designs 8, 9, and 11 are meant to and 21) that are similar to some Upper Ohio be males or females. The triangular element Valley motifs. at the base of the body of Design Number 9, There is another possibility. Such figures and the more tail-like element at the base of were often explained by the Indians to Hoff­ the body of Design Number 11 might repre­ man as depicting the route by which knowl­ sent penises or simply garment flaps. Of sites edge and/or magic power entered the heart that have been reported, only the Francis of a participant in the Midewiwin society Farm Site has full human figures, but they (Hoffman 1891: 185, 194, 261). It is con­ do not resemble closely Designs 8, 9, and 10 ceivable that those Indians who pecked and of the Dam No. 8 Site. The use of circles for ground the designs of our petroglyph sites human heads is natural, of course; many of had a similar interpretation in mind. the figures called human at the Sugar Grove I am inclined to view some of the Upper Site are only circles with or without eye dots Ohio Valley petroglyph sites as the work of and with mouth slits. Human feet are found people associated in some way with the Ojib­ at the Hamilton Farm, Francis Farm, and wa (Swauger 1966). I also suggest that the Sugar Grove Sites. interpretation of X-ray figures as being con­ Characteristics of two of the three X-ray nected with magic is strengthened by other figures, Designs 3 and 4, are clear enough in elements of Designs 3 and 4 of the Dam No. the photographs reproduced. Each has what 8 Site. As pointed out in the discussion of the one might call the standard gullet and/or rattlesnake, Design No. 1, projections from stomach X-ray presentation. In general these the heads of animals and humans on Ojibwa features are like those known from other scrolls indicate possession of knowledge and sites with X-ray designs: Timmons Farm, 46 magic power (Hoffman 1891: 196, 207, 216, Oh 64 (Swauger 1962; Swauger 1964a) ; Su­ 219). Both Designs 3 and 4 have the same gar Grove, 36 Gr 5 (Swauger 1965) ; Midland sort of projection indicated by Hoffman as (Swauger n.d. c) ; Parkers Landing; and an "apex" (1891: 196); the one of Design Brown's Island (see also Swauger 1961b, Number 4 is rather fancy. Lastly, there are 1961c). the lines emanating from the positions of the The purpose of the X-ray drawings is not ears of the figures. Such lines are commonly clear. Norona indicated that they were ob­ found in the Ojibwa birchbark scrolls (Hoff­ viously attempts to draw portions of the vis­ man 1891) and ordinarily refer to the en­ cera of the animals or beings portrayed. He larged powers of hearing of the being por­ made the point that not only are they com­ trayed, or indicate that it is listening to mon in the so-called "primitive", unsophisti­ some spirit voices. cated artistic traditions but that they also It is the occurrence of groups of such ele­ occur in modern American children's draw­ ments at sites in the Upper Ohio Valley, ings (Norona 1955: 19). Conversations with Parkers Landing (Swauger n.d.), Brown's

10 Island (Swauger n.d.), and Dam No. 8, that in two relatively widely separated areas be­ led me to suggest such designs were carved tween which, so far as we know, there was during late prehistoric times by Monongahela no significant contact in late prehistoric man, and that Monongahela man spoke an times. From there I jump to the hypothesis Algonquian tongue. These elements also sug­ that late prehistoric Monongahela man was gest that Monongahela man stemmed from ancestral Shawnee, but that is a jump whose the same cultural base as the Ojibwa, and push-off support is not nearly so strong as had a tradition of the same symbolism which that for the late prehistoric, Monongahela accounts for the fact that these motifs occur man-Ojibwa linkage (Swauger 1966).

Heizer, Robert F. and Martin A. Baumhoff 1963a Petroglyphs at the Hamilton Farm 1959 Great Basin Petroglyphs and Prehis­ Site, Monongahela County, West toric Game Trails. Virginia. West Virginia Archaeolo­ Science, Vol. 129, No. 3353. gist, No. 15. Moundsville. 1962 Prehistoric Rock Art of Nevada and 1963b The East Liverpool Petroglyph Eastern California. University of Data: A Tribute. Pennsylvania Ar­ California Press, Berkley. chaeologist, Vol. 33, No. 3. Gettys­ Hoffman, W. J. burg. 1891 The Midewiwin or "Grand Medicine 1964a The Timmons Farm Petroglyphs Society" of the Ojibwa. Site, 46-Oh-64. West Virginia Ar­ Seventh Annual Report of the Bu­ chaeologist, No. 17. Moundsville. reau of Ethnology. Washington. 1964b The Francis Farm Petroglyphs Holmes, W. H. Site, 36 Fa 35. Pennsylvania Ar­ 1890 A West Virginia Rock Shelter. chaeologist, Vol. 34, No. 2. Gettys­ American Anthropologist, Vol. Ill, burg. No. 3. Washington. 1965 The Sugar Grove Petroglyphs Site, Mallery, Garrick 36 Gr 5. Pennsylvania Archaeologist, 1886 Pictographs of the North American Vol. 35, No. 1. Gettysburg. Indians, A Preliminary Paper. 1966 Upper Ohio Petroglyphs, Mononga­ Fourth Annual Report of the Bureau hela Man, and the Shawnee. Ab­ of Ethnology, 1882-83. Washington. stracts, American Anthropological 1893 Picture-Writing of the American Association, 65th Annual Meeting. Indians. Tenth Annual Report of the Pittsburgh. Bureau of Ethnology, 1888-89. n.d.a. The Parkers Landing Petroglyphs Washington. Site, 36 CI 1. Norona, Delf (anonymously) n.d.b. The Brown's Island Petroglyphs 1955 Indian X-ray Drawings. West Vir­ Site, 46 Hk 8. ginia Archaeologist, No. 7. Mounds- n.d.c The Midland Petroglyph Site, 36 ville. Bv 89. Swauger, James L. Wall, J. Sutton 1961a Techniques of Petroglyph Record­ 1884 Letter in Proceedings, American ing. Eastern States Archaeological Philosophical Society, Vol, 21. Federation, Bulletin 20. Trenton. Philadelphia. 1961b Figures in the Rock. Pennsylvania Whittlesey, Charles (anonymously), Ed. Archaeologist, Vol. 31, No. 2. Get­ 1872 Rock Sculptures Near Barnesville, tysburg. Belmont County, Ohio. Historical 1961c Petroglyphs of the Upper Ohio and Archaeological Tract, Vol. I, No. Valley, I. Archives of Archaeology, 11, Western Reserve and Northern No. 17, University of Wisconsin Ohio Historical Society, Cleveland. Press, Madison. 1877 Ancient Rock Sculptures. Report of 1962 An X-ray Figure on the Timmons Ohio State Board of Centennial Man­ Farm Petroglyphs Site, 46 Oh 64. agers to the General Assembly of the West Virginia Archaeologist, No. 14. State of Ohio, Part II, Antiquities Moundsville. of Ohio. Columbus.

11 The Keiser Site: A Palaeo-Indian Site In Tuscarawas County by WAYNE A. MORTINE Newcomerstown, Ohio

The Keiser Site is located west of the vil­ lage of Newcomerstown, Oxford Township, Tuscarawas County, on a high, steep-sided ridge with an elevation of 1020 feet. The Robert E. Keiser farm from which the site receives its name lies partially in Coshocton County, Tuscarawas County, and the village of Newcomerstown. At the base of the ridge Buckhorn Creek turns from its southerly flow and runs westward .8 mile to the Tuscarawas River which presently meanders V2 mile south of the site. From the crest of the ridge there is a commanding east-west view of the flood plain of the river. Keiser has collected over the past forty years a surface collection of artifacts from the site representing all the known prehis­ toric cultures. The Palaeo-Indian material, Fig. 1 (Mortine) Weak shouldered stemmed point 22% of the collection, occurs on the crest of from Keiser collection. the narrow ridge tops. The varieties of tool types are not as numerous at the Keiser Site suits were four broken Palaeo-Indian arti­ as at other Palaeo-Indian sites in Ohio. This facts, a hammerstone, and one net-sinker problem may have been caused by the fact from the plow zone. One of the broken pieces that, until recently, Keiser did not recognize was a basal fragment of a lanceolate made some of these objects as actual artifacts. An­ of the wood-grained Nellie Chert from Co­ other possibility is that, like other Palaeo shocton County, material which was promi­ sites in Ohio (Prufer 1966: 69), tools were nent at the Sawmill Site in Erie County very limited in number. (Smith 1960). Below the plow zone there was To help solve this problem and verify what no great depth to the deposits; only one information we already had, Keiser plowed a broken center section of an undetermined point type, one or two retouched flakes, a small area (l/3 acre) where many lanceolates had been found in past years. Since the farm few small chips, and a net-sinker were found. is no longer under cultivation, this was a The chips were small, about the size of small generous gesture. It also proved to be a good coins. idea as six weak-shouldered stemmed points, The raw material used in the manufacture eleven lanceolates, and ten net-sinkers were of the lanceolates was overwhelmingly the found. The best specimen from the plowed Upper Mercer flints of Coshocton County. area was a weak-shouldered stemmed point This material was quarried 25 to 30 miles '(length, 7.6 cm.; width, 2.6 cm.) made from to the west of this site. According to the a black Coshocton County flint (Fig. 1). This archaeological literature (Prufer and Baby point is as perfect as the day the flint knap- 1963) most of the rough work in the pri­ per made it about 8,000 years ago. We exca­ mary stages of making Palaeo-Indian arti­ vated some test trenches on the plowed area facts from this flint was done on the banks and put the earth through a screen. The re- and terraces of the Walhonding River near

12 with other cultures and may belong to the Palaeo-Indian complex. The materials used for these points are the same mottled blue, black, tan, and grey flints that were used in the manufacture of the lanceolates. They are heavily ground on the base and stem. For scale, the point in the upper left is 4.5 cm. long and 1.9 cm. wide. The breakdown of the Palaeo-Indian forms from the site is as follows: 61 Lanceolate blades 23 Weak-shouldered, stemmed Piano points 2 Pentagonal forms (reworked) 2 "Unfluted" fluted points 1 Fluted point Fig. 2 (Mortine) Reworked lanceolate point and Sandia-Iike point from the Keiser collection. 1 Constricted-sided, lanceolate-like point 1 Reworked Palaeo-Indian point Warsaw in Coshocton County. These blanks were then exported to such sites as the Kei­ 91 Total ser Site where finished points were made. Ten lanceolate-like forms in an early stage of manufacture (exported blanks) were in the Keiser collection. Many of the broken specimens, upon close examination, proved to have been broken in a late stage of their completion. The probable age for the lanceo­ lates in the collection based on dates from other late Palaeo-Indian (Piano Complex) sites in Ohio is 7000 to 5000 B.C. One specimen in the collection is a re­ worked Palaeo-Indian projectile (Fig. 2-A). It had been found and reworked by people of a later culture. Notches were chipped into the sides but it still retained its parallel flaking and median ridge. The material for this point was a black flint. Its length is 4.7 cm. and width is 2.2 cm. I have included a drawing of a Sandia-like point (Fig. 2-B) that was in the collection, because of its resemblance to the true Sandia points of the Southwest and because of the occurrence of six specimens with single shoul­ ders from the Palaeo-Indian Reagan Site in Vermont (Wormington 1957). The material is a striated brown flint. Its length is 4.5 cm. and width is 2.5 cm. Small thick points with short blades and Fig. 3 (Mortine) Small points from the Keiser col­ long, broad stems have occurred at Palaeo-In­ lection. dian sites in Ohio (Fig. 3). [Technical Edi­ tor's Note: Similar points have been collected At this time it might be well to mention from the Stringtown Site, Franklin County. the occurrence of so many so-called net sink­ They were associated with other late Piano ers at the high elevation of this Palaeo-In­ artifacts.] We found 25 of these points in dian site. When I first checked Keiser's col­ the Keiser collection. They cannot be placed lection, he had thirteen of these artifacts and

13 had only recently been saving them. He stat­ trenching and provided his automatic shaker ed that he had been disregarding or throw­ for screening purposes. ing them away for years. These artifacts are The following people helped in some way found in the same area as the lanceolates and with the work at this site or on this report: occur at no other location on the farm. Mark, Neil, and Bonnie Mortine; Patty and Anita Keiser; and Carroll Welling. Acknowledgements I must give special thanks to Mr. and Mrs. Prufer, Olaf H. Robert Keiser. I assured Bob that a report 1966 Mud Valley Site. The Ohio Journal on his collection would be a contribution to of Science, Vol. 66, No. 1, pp. 68-75. Ohio archaeology. His memory of the loca­ Columbus. tion of the finds was very helpful. The Kei- and Raymond S. Baby sers entrusted their treasured finds with me 1963 Palaeo-Indians of Ohio. The Ohio time after time for photos and drawings. Historical Society, Columbus. In short they did everything they could to Smith, Arthur George help. I am indebted to them. 1960 The Sawmill Site, Erie County, Ohio. My friend and our former editor of the Ohio Archaeologist, Vol. 10, No. 3, Ohio Archaeologist, Leonard Brown, gave pp. 84-97. Columbus. much of his free time to help. We both Wormington, H. Marie checked every point to make sure we agreed 1957 Ancient Man in North America. that it qualified as a lanceolate. When we Denver Museum of Natural History, did not agree we did not use the specimen Popular Series No. 4, Rev. ed. Den­ for this report. Leonard also worked with the ver.

Fig. 6 (Mortine) Left to right: Robert Keiser, Wayne Mortine, and Leonard Brown shown test trenching at the Keiser Site. In the background to the east is Newcomerstown, Ohio.

11 Fig. 4 (Mortine) Projectile points from the Keiser collection.

Upper Row Left: Fragment of a fluted point with Center Row Right: Lanceolate blade. The grinding good parallel flaking. The point is fluted along the extends along the sides to the point of maximum entire length of each face. There is heavy grinding width. This blade exhibits the flaking that bevels on the base and sides. It is made from high quality over the base to prepare a striking platform. How­ black flint. Length, 4 cm.; width, 3.1 cm. ever, no attempt has been made at fluting. The ma­ Upper Row Center: "Unfluted" fluted point. Light terial is black flint. Length, 5.5 cm.; width, 2.6 cm. grinding extends along one-third the length of the Lower Row Left: Lanceolate blade. Light grinding specimen. Fair parallel flaking. The tip has been extends on the sides to the point of maximum width. damaged. It is made from mottled pink and grey The material is rusty-red chert. There is impact dam­ flint. Length, 5.8 cm.; width, 2.6 cm. age on the point. Length, 5.8 cm.; width, 2.6 cm. Lower Row Center: (Top) Pentagonal form. Evi­ Upper Row Right: "Unfluted" fluted point (or un­ dently the point was made from a portion of a finished specimen). The specimen is lightly ground broken lanceolate. The broken edge was used as a along the sides from the base to the point of maxi­ base with no additional retouching. The flat surface mum width. At the base it is beveled from the ob­ of the broken edge is very plain. The chipping at verse face, probably with the intention of making a the tip is different from that of the lower part of striking platform to remove a flute from the reverse the specimen, indicating also that the point had been side. The notch in the base was caused by a weak made from the fragment of another. Grinding is attempt at fluting. A minor channel does occur on heavy on the sides from the break to the widest the reverse side. The point shows good workmanship, point. The material is black flint. Length, 3.4 cm.; but for some reason, such as thinness or the flaking width, 2.6 cm. qualities of the flint, the point was not finished. The material is black flint. Length, 5.9 cm.; width, Lower Row Center: (Bottom) Pentagonal form. This 2.7 cm. point was also reworked from a larger broken lan­ ceolate. The base is the original. The break must Center Row Left: Lanceolate blade. Light grinding have occurred near the present tip, but the artifact on the sides. This one does not show a high degree was salvaged by repointing. The sides are heavily of workmanship, perhaps because of the cherty ma­ ground. The material is mottled grey flint. Length, terial used. The color is light grey. Length, 4.7 cm.; 3.9 cm.; width, 2.3 cm. width, 2.6 cm. Lower Row Right: Constricted-sided lanceolate-like Center Row Middle: Basal portion of a lanceolate point. The piece is heavily ground in the constriction. blade. Good parallel flaking and retouch. Light grind­ The tip is rough and unfinished. It is striated grey. ing on the sides. The material is grey flint. Length, 7.6 cm.; width, 2.7 cm.

15 *-

Fig. 5 (Mortine) Projectile points from the Keiser collection.

Upper Row Left: Weak-shouldered, stemmed point. basal two-thirds of the point is black flint; the re­ Slightly spurred on the base. There is grinding on mainder of the point is dull chert. Length, 5.9 cm.; the stem and base. The tip is damaged. The material width, 2.5 cm. is reddish brown chert. Middle Row Right: Weak-shouldered, stemmed point. Upper Row Center: Weak-shouldered, stemmed point Light grinding on the stem. The material is dull with prominent basal spurs. This is a thin, well-made black Nellie chert. Length, 7.1 cm.; width, 2.8 cm. point. There is light grinding on the base. Material is glossy black flint. Length, 4.8 cm.; width, 2.4 cm. Lower Row Left: Weak-shouldered, stemmed point. Upper Row Right: Weak-shouldered, stemmed point This point has had basal spurs, but they have been with prominent basal spurs. Light grinding on the broken on both sides. Light grinding on the stem. short stem and base. The color is grey. Material is blue-black flint. Length, 5.3 cm.; width, Middle Row Left: Weak-shouldered, stemmed point. 2.4 cm. There is light grinding on the stem. The point is Lower Row Center: Weak-shouldered, stemmed point made from a creamy tan flint of an unknown source. with basal spurs. The spur on the left side has been Middle Row Center: Weak-shouldered, stemmed point. broken. Material is mottled grey flint. Length, 5.4 Very slight shoulders. It appears this point has a cm; width, 2.6 cm. prepared striking platform on the base. The bevel­ Lower Row Right: Weak-shouldered, stemmed point. ing and chipping on the base are intentional and not It is made from grey cherty material. This point is retouch, but no attempt at fluting was made. Light not fancy, but has the appearance of being very grinding is present on the stem. Material of the serviceable. Length, 4.9 cm.; width, 2.3 cm.

16 Bifurcated Base Points From the Hayport Site In Scioto County by W. C. HARPER

The Hayport Site is located 3 miles east Raw materials consist mainly of shiny of Wheelersburg in Green Township, Scioto black flint and dull gray or tan chert. Tan County, Ohio. It is approximately 1/2 mile to buff colored flint is also found. A few from the Ohio River at the east end of an examples, especially those with deep basal alluvial ridge which parallels the river for notches, are of a pale pink or rose chert. several hundred yards. At this point the ter­ Since these points are very similar to the rain slopes gently to the bank of a small bifurcated base points of the Kanawha Val­ stream flowing through a swamp area be­ ley of West Virginia, it may be assumed that tween the ridge and the river. Artifacts are they are comparable in age to those found found over most of the higher ground, but in the Archaic component at the Buffalo Site the main concentration lies along the ridge which yielded a carbon-14 date of 6,100 B.C. and for a short distance eastward on the sec­ (McMichael 1966). LeCroy and other bifur­ ond terrace. Projectile points from the Pa­ cated base points were also uncovered at the laeo-Indian to the Fort Ancient cultures can St. Albans Site where a carbon-14 date of be found in the material collected from the 6,2100 B.C. was obtained (Broyles 1967). surface of the area, but the small bifurcated base or LeCroy type points occur most fre­ quently (Fig. 1). References The conformation of these points varies from a narrow, pointed ear type to a broad, McMichael, Edward rounded ear variety, which may or may not 1966 Address to the Archaeological Soci­ be serrated. The serrated specimens have ety of Ohio, May 15, 1966, Colum­ more shallow basal notches than the unser- bus, Ohio. rated types. Shoulder fracturing is present Broyles, Bettye on some specimens and almost all display a 1967 Address to the Archaeological Soci­ small amount of grinding on both stem and ety of Ohio, May 21, 1967, Colum­ base. bus, Ohio.

Fig. 1 (Harper) — Archaic bifurcated base points from the Hayport Site.

17 f./ISJ

A group of cores and Hopewell bladelets of colorful Flint Ridge material from the collection of Dr. Stanley Copeland.

18 Arrowpoints and spearpoints of exotic flint from the Dr. Stanley Copeland collection. All were found in Ohio.

19 20 Robert N. Converse by LARRY CRONKLETON 319U Glenrich Parkway Columbus, Ohio

Robert Converse was born in Plain City, times is fast-pitch softball which he began Ohio, in 1927. Bob was raised in Plain City playing while in the service. where he received his grade school and high Bob pitched for North Lewisburg for some school education. In high school he received time during which the team won seven of athletic letters in baseball, football, and bas­ twelve district tournaments. In 1954, he ketball. He made the all-county basketball pitched for a London softball team which team his junior and senior years and the all- won the state V.F.W. and state American district basketball team his senior year. Bob Veteran softball tournaments. In 1958, Bob graduated from Plain City High School in pitched for the Anthony Motors softball team 1944. of Columbus. This team won the state soft- ball championship and was runner-up in their Since he had enlisted in the Air Force Avi­ regional tournament in national competition. ation Cadet Program while in high school, he During his softball career Bob has thrown went into the Air Force after graduation. many no-hit, no-run games, one during the Bob received his basic training at Shepard state tournament competition in 1957. In Air Base in Wichita Falls, Texas. Then he 1962, he won the Most Valuable Player was stationed at Hondo Air Field at Hondo, Award in district competition. Texas, and later at Scott Field in East St. Bob became interested in archaeology large- Louis, Illinois; he was discharged as a cor­ Bob became interested in archaeology poral when the war ended. Bob returned to largely due to his son Robin. While he was Plain City to work for Youmans and Son quite young, Robin began asking questions Grain Elevator where he was employed for about Indians. When Bob told him that many 12 years. farmers still found projectile points, Robin In 1947, he married Wanda Derr, a high wanted to go looking for some. On their first school sweetheart. They have two children, trip surface hunting, Robin found a point; Connie, 13, and Robin, 19. After leaving You­ since that time Bob has always been inter­ mans and Son, Bob went into business with ested in Indian cultures and artifacts. his stepfather selling furniture and appli­ Bob has been a member of the Archaeologi­ ances. In 1961 he became employed with the cal Society of Ohio for 12 years. During this Henry Boat Company of Plain City as treas­ time he has been a regional collaborator, a urer, a position which he still maintains. member of the board of directors, vice-presi­ Bob is vice-president of the Jonathan Alder dent, and now president since May 1966. School Board and was formerly president for Bob's main concern in archaeology is the four years. He is also on the Plain City Park study of flint types. Beside being a very Board and a member of the Society for Amer­ active member of the Society, he has con­ ican Archaeology. tributed much to every collector's knowledge by writing "Ohio Flint Types" (Ohio Ar­ Bob's hobbies include coin collecting, oil chaeologist, Vol. 13, No. 4, 1963) and "Ohio painting, wood working, sign painting, bowl­ Stone Tools" (Ohio Archaeologist, Vol. 16, ing, and golfing. One of Bob's favorite pas­ No. 4, 1966).

21 22 Edward R. Hughes by LARRY CRONKLETON 319% Glenrich Parkway Columbus, Ohio

Ed Hughes was born October 24, 1915, in by the Moore Enameling and Manufacturing Piedmont, Ohio. At the age of three, Ed and Company as a personnel director-cost ac­ his family moved to Uhrichsville, Ohio, where countant; he was employed there for three he received his grade school and high school years. In 1956, Ed went to work for the St. education. While he was in school he became Regis Paper Company in Coshocton where interested in music and played the trumpet he is presently employed as a cost accountant. in the high school orchestra and other bands Ed and Gayle have one son, John Allen, in town. He graduated from Uhrichsville who was born on February 26, 1951. High School in 1933. Among Ed's recreational interests are fish­ Ed moved to Canton, Ohio, in 1934 where ing, golfing, hunting, traveling, archery, and he attended Canton Actual Business College. bowling. Of special interest is rifle shooting. After graduation in 1935, he began working In 1940, Ed won the National Matches at for the Timken Roller Bearing Company. Camp Perry and the American R.W.S. Course While working for Timken, Ed attended Tim- Match while shooting with the McKinley ken Technical School at night and took some Rifle Club in Canton. In 1941, both he and courses in mechanical engineering for three Gayle attended a course of instruction in rifle years. marksmanship at Camp Perry and became In February 1943, Ed was drafted into the qualified instructors. During this same year Army. He received his training in field ar­ Ed was ranked 30th in the nation for marks­ tillery at Camp Swift, Texas. In August 1943 manship out of 20,000 people ranked as mas­ he married Gayle Foos whom he had met ters. His average that year was 99.43%. while they were both employed at Timken. While living in Minnesota he shot with the Ed was shipped overseas in June 1944 and Minneapolis Rifle Club; in 1947, Ed was a landed at Utah Beach in France in July. He member of a four-man team which won the served overseas a total of 18 months, with National Gallery Championship. This year Ed the First, Third, and Ninth Armies. He took also was a member of a five-man team which part in four major battles: Northern France, established a national record for five-man Rhineland, Ardennes, and Central Europe. Ed team gallery shooting. was discharged December 18, 1945, as a First Ed is a member of the West Lafayette Sergeant with the following medals: good Methodist Church and is on the official board. conduct medal, American Campaign Medal, He is also a member of the Ralph Courtright European, African, Middle Eastern Campaign Post Number 65 of the American Legion. Medal, World War II Victory Medal, and four Ed became interested in archaeology due bronze stars. to his son Jack's interest in collecting pro­ After the war Ed went back to work with jectile points. He became a member of the the Timken Roller Bearing Company, and was Archaeological Society of Ohio in 1964, and sent to Minneapolis, Minnesota, as a sales was elected recording secretary in February representative to the Wisconsin, South Da­ 1967. Ed is also a member of the Waltusgum kota, North Dakota, Minnesota, and Montana Chapter Number 6, where he is the secretary- area. In 1947, Ed was made resident rep­ treasurer and program chairman, and the resentative in Billings, Montana. In 1949, Newcomerstown Chapter Number 4. His main he and Gayle moved back to Ohio to reside interest in archaeology is with the Palaeo- in West Lafayette where he was employed Indian period.

23 Artifacts From the Garret Zuber Collection by GARRET ZUBER R.R. #1 Antwerp, Ohio

i n up in i

' I Ttrrrrr ihlili LLlillj L...

Fig. 1 (Zuber) Slate pendants from the Garret Zuber collection. Left to right: DeKalb Co., Indiana Butler Co., Ohio Medina Co., Ohio Madison Co., Ohio Huron Co., Ohio Darke Co., Ohio Crawford Co., Ohio

24 ! 1 I ! I I 1 I

Fig. 2 (Zuber) Banded slate birdstones (atlatl weights) from the Garret Zuber collection. Left row, top to bottom: Right row, top to bottom: Dekalb Co., Indiana Dekalb Co., Indiana Steuben Co., Indiana Calhoun Co., Michigan Paulding Co., Ohio Franklin Co., Ohio Richland Co., Ohio Paulding Co., Ohio

25 ;%* % <«• •*

t *

Fig. 1 (Stout) Surface find of the Year. Surface Find of the Year by CHARLES H. STOUT 91 Redbank Drive Fairborn, Ohio

During a chilly March day in 1967, my son could see that the artifacts had been con­ and I made an unusual discovery of several centrated on a mound of earth about 30 feet complete artifacts while surface hunting in diameter and 1 foot in height. It appeared along the Stillwater River several miles north to have been an ancient burial mound that of Dayton, Ohio. When we decided to examine had been reduced to its present size because a high spot near the river before returning of cultivation over many years. to the car, we immediately began finding sur­ face indications of an ancient camp or village. The drill shown in the picture is remotely The first finds included several thumb nail associated with the other pieces since it was scrapers and two broken projectile points. found over 40 feet away from the mound area. It is interesting to note that the tapered Before long, I noticed a portion of a slate blade of the drill matches the angle of the object protruding out of the ground. Upon drilled holes in the pendants. The small mark closer examination, I was amazed to discover above the hole in the sub-rectangular pendant the pendant shown at the bottom of the ac­ is an indication that the individual who made companying photograph (Fig. 1). While I this slate piece discovered he did not have was busy examining the pendant, my son dis­ the hole in proper alignment in the first drill­ covered the shield-shaped pendant of banded ing attempt. slate nearby (Fig. 1). With the exception of Since there was a possibility of additional several marks left by farm implements on the artifacts beneath the surface of the mound second pendant, it was as complete as the area, we asked the land owner for permission first one. While my son was showing me the pendant, he looked down beside my feet and to excavate the remaining portion before ad­ picked up the complete celt of granitic stone, ditional cultivation destroyed it. which is shown in the center of the picture. This celt is apparently of Adena manufac­ EDITOR'S NOTE: The above mentioned bur­ ture. ial mound structure, which is apparently indicative of an Adena occupancy, has We now decided that our discoveries might now been excavated by Stout and his son indicate the presence of a burial, and, after Charles, Jr. The results of this examina­ marking this exact location, we stepped back tion will hopefully be published in a fu­ a distance to study the ground surface. We ture issue of the Ohio Archaeologist.

27 The Ohio Archaeologist: Some Comments by MARTHA A. POTTER The Ohio State Muesum Columbus, Ohio

For some time, the Ohio Archaeologist has if he has only a few papers with which to suffered a chronic condition that plagues work, the length and quality of the publica­ many journals, namely delays in publication. tion may suffer. There have been complaints—both justifiable The editor then sends the group of articles and unjustifiable—expressed to the officers to the technical and associate editors. The of the Archaeological Society of Ohio, and to technical editor, as his title implies, checks members of the editorial staff. These people each manuscript for technical accuracy. He are painfully aware of the problem and wish will, when necessary, change terms or names to alleviate it as quickly as possible. But they of artifact types to correspond with those cannot do it alone. Indeed, getting the Ohio used in the current literature in order to Archaeologist back on its original publica­ minimize confusion. He will not alter any in­ tion schedule as well as maintaining the high terpretations or conclusions made by an au­ quality of this magazine takes the coopera­ thor, but will occasionally write a technical tion and understanding of every member of editor's note to present additional informa­ this society. The image of the Archaeological tion. Society of Ohio and of amateur archaeologists It is the responsibility of the associate edi­ in this state in general depends to a great tor to see that all articles are prepared ac­ extent on the excellence of this publication. cording to the standard form that appears at Those people who take pride in their collec­ the end of this paper, and are grammatically tions and in their knowledge of Ohio pre­ correct. The associate editor occasionally history should help to maintain this image. changes the order of paragraphs or sentences To acquaint readers with the steps in pre­ when necessary for better organization, and, paring an issue of the Ohio Archaeologist, in some cases re-words portions of an article. I am presenting an outline of the duties of However, every effort is made to retain as the various members of the editorial staff much of the author's vocabulary and style as and the publications committee. With the ex­ possible. At no time does the associate editor ception of the printer, all these people per­ rewrite an entire article. However, the edi­ form their functions during their spare time tors will reserve the right to return a manu­ without any compensation. script to the author if major revisions must The editor collects articles from members be made or if statements must be clarified. of the society as well as non-members. He is The editors will be happy to speak with any actively aided by the numerous regional col­ author about his article or any editorial poli­ laborators who live throughout the state. It cies. is their job to contact individuals in their After the edited articles are retyped, they areas who have made interesting discoveries are delivered to the production manager who, or who have significant collections, and en­ in turn, takes them to the printer. The courage them to write articles for publication. printer does the layout for each issue, that The editor chooses the reports to comprise a is, he arranges the material and illustrations given issue from the papers he has on hand. for each page. He prints page proofs which Obviously, if he has a backlog of material, are sent back to the technical and associate he can select articles so that the content of editors who read them and make any neces­ each issue will be nicely balanced. However, sary corrections. The proofs are returned to

28 the production manager and then to the must include its full title in italics (or under­ printer for final printing. The completed lined), the name of the publisher, and the copies are delivered to Mrs. Paul Walker of place of publication. Columbus who prepares them for distribu­ Driver, Harold E. tion and takes them to the post office for 1961 Indians of North America. Uni­ mailing. versity of Chicago Press, Chicago. In conclusion, each issue of the Ohio Ar­ Webb, William S. and Raymond S. Baby chaeologist represents the labors of many 1957 The Adena People —No. 2. The people. None of them wishes to be associated Ohio Historical Society, Columbus. with, nor should any society member be will­ Griffin, James B. ing to subscribe to a second-rate publication. 1943 The Fort Ancient Aspect. Univer­ But good magazines do not appear by magic. sity of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor. They are the product of the efforts of every 1952 (ed.) Archaeology of the Eastern member of the Archaeological Society of United States. University of Chi­ Ohio. cago Press, Chicago. The listing for an article in a journal or a Information for Authors monograph in a series must include the com­ In general, authors writing papers for the plete title (not in italics), the name of the Ohio Archaeologist should follow the form of journal or series (in italics), the volume, the American Antiquity and recent issues of the number, the pages on which the article ap­ Ohio Archaeologist. The United States Gov­ pears, and the place of publication. ernment Printing Office Style Manual (Re­ Kidd, Kenneth E. vised Edition, January 1967) will be the ma­ 1954 Trade Goods Research Techniques. jor reference for style, punctuation, capitali­ American Antiquity, Vol. 20, No. zation. 1, pp. 1-8. Salt Lake City. Preparation of Manuscript Smith, Arthur George All papers submitted for publication must 1965 Nellie Chert. Ohio Archaeologist, be typed double-spaced on standard size (8V2 Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 6-7. Columbus. by 11) paper. Generous margins, at least 1 Dragoo, Don W. inch, should be left on all sides. 1963 Mounds for the Dead: An Analy­ The author's name and address should fol­ sis of the Adena Culture. Annals low the title. of Carnegie Museum, Vol. 37. References Pittsburgh. All quotations, both direct and indirect, and significant ideas derived from published ma­ Illustrations terials should be supplied with specific refer­ Illustrations are an important part of ences made in the text rather than in foot­ most articles published in the Ohio Archae­ notes. The author's name, the date of publi­ ologist. Therefore it is essential that au­ cation, and the specific page or figure num­ thors supply high-quality photographs and/ ber should be given, all enclosed within pa­ or drawings with their manuscripts. Photo­ rentheses. Page numbers must be included in graphs should be in black-and-white with a all references. The following example illus­ glossy finish. Drawings should be made with trates the correct punctuation for references. India ink on a hard, white, smooth-surfaced (Thompson 1954: 35-7) poster board. The author must supply a cap­ (Kidder, Jennings, and Shook 1956, Figs. tion for each illustration including the fig­ 92b, 187m, 196c, e-g) ure number and his last name in parenthe­ (Converse 1966: 110, 112) ses for identification. When several objects (Prufer and Baby 1963: 45; Smith 1965: are shown in one illustration, each should be 6-7) identified by a lower case letter, not by a All books and articles cited in the body of number or capital letter. The size of objects a paper must be listed at the end alphabeti­ can be indicated by including a scale marked cally by author and chronologically by year in inches and/or centimeters in the illustra­ of publication. Give a full bibliographic list­ tion, or by mentioning the dimensions of the ing for each item. The reference to a book largest piece in the caption.

29 The Hartman Site: A Multi-Component Surface Site In Auglaize County, Ohio by CLAUDE BRITT, JR. Dept. of Geology Bowling Green State University Bowling Green, Ohio

The Hartman Site is located in the north­ can be attributed to the Palaeo-Indians, al­ east quarter of Section 4 and the northwest though several Woodland and Mississippian quarter of Section 3, Clay Township, Auglaize points are known. Of the chipped implements, County, Ohio. It is situated on the northern Archaic side-notched points conforming to extension of the Mississinewa moraine. Pos­ Ritchie's (1961) description of the Brewer- sibly the Hartman Site appealed to prehis­ ton side-notched type compose the majority toric peoples because the moraine was topo­ of the points. Seven other Archaic projec­ graphically higher and better drained than tile point types are known from the site the lower ground moraine to the south. The (Table I), but these are not common. area of highest concentration of artifacts is around a fresh-water spring. Dating the site One bannerstone fragment was found on on the basis of geology can be no more precise the site (Fig. 2-L). A single pentagonal point suggests a very late Archaic component. The than simply stating that it is post-Wisconsin. presence of a few Adena "cache blades", However, a maximum age of approximately Hopewell points, and triangular points indi­ 17,000 B.P. can be assigned to this and all cate later Woodland and Mississippian com­ other sites in west-central Ohio, as the earli­ ponents. On the basis of typology, it can be est ice-free time, the first time the area could inferred that the Hartman Site was occupied have been occupied by men (Jane L. Forsyth, or visited at various times from the Early oral communication). Archaic period to late prehistoric times. Figures 1 and 2 show representative arti­ facts of the total of 147 specimens found to Reference date. In the absence of stratigraphy at the Ritchie, William A. Hartman Site, the dating of these stone in­ 1961 A Typology and Nomenclature for dustries must depend upon typology. This New York Projectile Points. New site seems to be predominantly Archaic in York State Museum and Science age. Not a single specimen from the site Service Bulletin No. 38U- Albany.

30 Inches

Fig. 1 (Britt) Representative Artifacts from the Hartman Site, Auglaize County, Ohio.

31 Table I

NUMBER AND TYPES OF ARTIFACTS FROM THE HARTMAN SITE, AUGLAIZE COUNTY, OHIO*

Artifact Type Period No. Reported Transitional points ? 1 Side-notched points Archaic 19 Corner-notched serrated points Archaic 2 Concave-base corner-notched points Archaic 3 "Heavy-duty" points Archaic 4 Bifurcated-base points Archaic 3 Corner-notched points Archaic 4 Pentagonal points Archaic 1 Three-quarter grooved axes Archaic 2 Slate gorget Archaic (?) 1 Grooved hammerstones Archaic 1 Celts Archaic (?) 2 Drills Archaic (?) 5 Fragmental bannerstone Archaic 1 Knives Archaic (?) 14

Adena blades Early Woodland 4 Snyder points Middle Woodland 2 Bi-pitted hammerstones Woodland (?) 3

Erie triangular points Mississippian 2

Quarry blanks ? 7 Scrapers (mixed) ? 23 Unclassified worked flint ? 40

*A11 specimens are in the collection of O. D. Hartman, St. Johns, Ohio. The artifacts were made available for inspection by Hartman. All identifications were made by the writer.

32 Xnch«s

Fig. 2 (Britt) Representative Artifacts from the Hartman Site, Auglaize County, Ohio.

33 Slate Gorgets In the Ralph Olson Collection by RALPH OLSON Deerfield, Illinois

The larger of the two gorgets was found slate now covered with patina. in 1872 while breaking ground in Walker The small gorget was found near the banks Township, Kent County, Michigan. It was of the Maumee River in Ohio (county un­ formerly in the collections of O. Lehman and known) by the Reverend D. P. Rumberger George Schmidt. The material is a blue-gray about 1880. It is made from gray slate.

Fig. 1 (Olson) Slate Gorgets in the Olson collection.

34 A Kentucky Cache by LEONARD H. BROWN Newcomerstown, Ohio

Late in May 1967, Bernard E. Schwartz of second forkful uncovered the cache itself. Wapakoneta, Ohio, found 63 cache blades, Further excavation revealed that the cache some of which are illustrated in the accom­ totaled 63 blades, all of good quality flint and panying photograph (Fig. 1). exhibiting a high degree of workmanship. Mr. Schwartz stated that he was surface Because of their close similarity in outline hunting in Johnson County, Kentucky, in an and technique, they probably represent a old cornfield being converted to new lawn for single flint craftsman's output for an un­ a residence. He noticed the numerous flint known period of time at this workshop. The chips in the area and began to search more predominant color of the flint is a creamy carefully. He soon discovered three fine cache gray heavily blotched with tans and browns; blades lying together. Feeling certain that the material probably came from a single they represented a portion of a cache, he source. marked the spot with a cornstalk and went Although no remnant of any container sur­ searching for a digging implement. Finding vived, Schwartz felt that the position of the only an old hayfork, he returned to the site blades in the cache indicated that they had of his discovery and proceeded to remove a been stored in a leather pouch. Unfortunately forkful of earth. It was barren of artifacts the plow had penetrated and fractured the but he heard the tines scrape over stone. A topmost layer of artifacts.

Fig. 1 (Brown) A portion of the cache of blades found in Kentucky (photograph courtesy of Car­ roll Welling).

85 Ribhon Awards for Prizes -- Nov. 19, 1967

Rosette Ribbon — Best of Show F'irst Prize — Best Site Display Dallas Burton John Unrue 7715 Camargo Road lliy2 Second Street, N. Madeira, Ohio 45243 Ironton, Ohio

First Prize — Best Type Display Parker Melvin 1296 Crestwood Avenue Cincinnati, Ohio 45226

Necrology

Early in October, Dr. Charles Ernest Snow to our group a few years ago. He will be re­ suffered a fatal heart attack and passed away membered by the layman and the scientist at Madison General Hospital, Wisconsin. for his valuable contributions to the study of early man, especially his beloved early Ken- He was a professor of anatomy and physi­ tuckians. His interest was genuine, his de­ cal anthropology at the University of Ken­ votion to research was unsurpassed, and he tucky and was a foremost expert on Ameri­ looked upon his work as a challenge and per­ can Indian skeletal remains. sonal responsibility to preserve prehistory. Dr. Snow will be remembered by members Of this man, we may certainly quote the of our society for the fine talk he delivered words, "By his works, shall he be known."

36 Standing Committees PROGRAM COMMITTEE

Harley W. Glenn (co-chairman), 1394 W. Third Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43212; Dorothy L. Good, (co- chairman), 15 Civic Drive, Grove City, Ohio 43123; Ed W. Atkinson, Columbus; Raymond S. Baby, Columbus; Dr. Stanley G. Copeland, Worthington; Elmer H. Grimm, Elyria; George R. Lowell, Sr. , Cleveland, Wayne A. Mortine, Newcomerstown; Dr. Olaf H. Prufer, Cleveland, John Sarnovsky, Elyria.

MEMBERSHIP AND PUBLICITY

Dr. John J. Haney (chairman), 311-1/2 S. Third Street, Ironton, Ohio 45638; Gerald Brickman, Find- lay; Dallas E. Burton, Cincinnati; Jeff Carskadden, Zanesville; Robert W. Cochran, Coshocton; Earl Mumaw, Versailles; Stephen J. Parker, Lancaster; Dennis R. Roberts, White Cottage; Carroll E. Welling, Warsaw; Dr. Norman L. Wright, Coshocton.

EXHIBITS COMMITTEE

Harry A. Hopkins (co-chairman), Route 3, Box 322, Piqua, Ohio 45356; Julius E. Noebe (co-chair­ man), 1115 Whipple Avenue S.W. , Canton, Ohio 44710; Dallas E. Burton, Cincinnati; Dr. Stanley G. Copeland, Worthington; Dr. John J. Haney, Ironton; George R. Lowell, Sr. , Cleveland.

FRAUDULENT ARTIFACTS COMMITTEE

Dr. Stanley G. Copeland (chairman), 5830 Crescent Court, Worthington, Ohio 43085; Raymond S. Baby, Columbus; Ernest G. Good, Grove City; Jack Hooks, Mansfield; Richard H. Johnson, Marion.

NOMINATING COMMITTEE

Wayne A. Mortine (chairman), Scott Drive, Newcomerstown, Ohio 43832; Gerald Brickman, Findlay; Ensil Chadwick, Mt. Vernon; Richard H. Johnson, Marion; Norman McKnight, Ashville.

AUDITING COMMITTEE

Charles H. Meng (chairman), 790 Montrose Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43209; Dorothy L. Good, Grove City.

LEGISLATION COMMITTEE

J. Grant Keys (chairman), 409 Washington Avenue, Elyria, Ohio 44035; Raymond S. Baby, Columbus; Ernest G. Good, Grove City; Charles H. Meng, Columbus; Emmett R. Schide, Jr. , New Philadelphia. Various types of projectile points from the Copeland collection showing the wide array of colors found in Ohio flints.