Monoidal Supercategories and Superadjunction
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Arxiv:1801.00045V1 [Math.RT] 29 Dec 2017 Eetto Hoyof Theory Resentation finite-Dimensional Olw Rmwr Frmr Elr N El[T] for [RTW]
WEBS OF TYPE Q GORDON C. BROWN AND JONATHAN R. KUJAWA Abstract. We introduce web supercategories of type Q. We describe the structure of these categories and show they have a symmetric braiding. The main result of the paper shows these diagrammatically defined monoidal supercategories provide combinatorial models for the monoidal supercategories generated by the supersymmetric tensor powers of the natural supermodule for the Lie superalgebra of type Q. 1. Introduction 1.1. Background. The enveloping algebra of a complex Lie algebra, U(g), is a Hopf algebra. Conse- quently one can consider the tensor product and duals of U(g)-modules. In particular, the category of finite-dimensional U(g)-modules is naturally a monoidal C-linear category. In trying to understand the rep- resentation theory of U(g) it is natural to ask if one can describe this category (or well-chosen subcategories) as a monoidal category. Kuperberg did this for the rank two Lie algebras by giving a diagrammatic presen- tation for the monoidal subcategory generated by the fundamental representations [Ku]. The rank one case follows from work of Rumer, Teller, and Weyl [RTW]. For g = sl(n) a diagrammatic presentation for the monoidal category generated by the fundamental representations was conjectured for n = 4 by Kim in [Ki] and for general n by Morrison [Mo]. Recently, Cautis-Kamnitzer-Morrison gave a complete combinatorial description of the monoidal category generated by the fundamental representations of U(sl(n)) [CKM]; that is, the full subcategory of all modules k1 kt of the form Λ (Vn) Λ (Vn) for t, k1,...,kt Z≥0, where Vn is the natural module for sl(n). -
Mathematical Foundations of Supersymmetry
MATHEMATICAL FOUNDATIONS OF SUPERSYMMETRY Lauren Caston and Rita Fioresi 1 Dipartimento di Matematica, Universit`adi Bologna Piazza di Porta S. Donato, 5 40126 Bologna, Italia e-mail: [email protected], fi[email protected] 1Investigation supported by the University of Bologna 1 Introduction Supersymmetry (SUSY) is the machinery mathematicians and physicists have developed to treat two types of elementary particles, bosons and fermions, on the same footing. Supergeometry is the geometric basis for supersymmetry; it was first discovered and studied by physicists Wess, Zumino [25], Salam and Strathde [20] (among others) in the early 1970’s. Today supergeometry plays an important role in high energy physics. The objects in super geometry generalize the concept of smooth manifolds and algebraic schemes to include anticommuting coordinates. As a result, we employ the techniques from algebraic geometry to study such objects, namely A. Grothendiek’s theory of schemes. Fermions include all of the material world; they are the building blocks of atoms. Fermions do not like each other. This is in essence the Pauli exclusion principle which states that two electrons cannot occupy the same quantum me- chanical state at the same time. Bosons, on the other hand, can occupy the same state at the same time. Instead of looking at equations which just describe either bosons or fermions separately, supersymmetry seeks out a description of both simultaneously. Tran- sitions between fermions and bosons require that we allow transformations be- tween the commuting and anticommuting coordinates. Such transitions are called supersymmetries. In classical Minkowski space, physicists classify elementary particles by their mass and spin. -
MONOIDAL SUPERCATEGORIES 1. Introduction 1.1. in Representation
MONOIDAL SUPERCATEGORIES JONATHAN BRUNDAN AND ALEXANDER P. ELLIS Abstract. This work is a companion to our article \Super Kac-Moody 2- categories," which introduces super analogs of the Kac-Moody 2-categories of Khovanov-Lauda and Rouquier. In the case of sl2, the super Kac-Moody 2-category was constructed already in [A. Ellis and A. Lauda, \An odd cate- gorification of Uq(sl2)"], but we found that the formalism adopted there be- came too cumbersome in the general case. Instead, it is better to work with 2-supercategories (roughly, 2-categories enriched in vector superspaces). Then the Ellis-Lauda 2-category, which we call here a Π-2-category (roughly, a 2- category equipped with a distinguished involution in its Drinfeld center), can be recovered by taking the superadditive envelope then passing to the under- lying 2-category. The main goal of this article is to develop this language and the related formal constructions, in the hope that these foundations may prove useful in other contexts. 1. Introduction 1.1. In representation theory, one finds many monoidal categories and 2-categories playing an increasingly prominent role. Examples include the Brauer category B(δ), the oriented Brauer category OB(δ), the Temperley-Lieb category TL(δ), the web category Web(Uq(sln)), the category of Soergel bimodules S(W ) associated to a Coxeter group W , and the Kac-Moody 2-category U(g) associated to a Kac-Moody algebra g. Each of these categories, or perhaps its additive Karoubi envelope, has a definition \in nature," as well as a diagrammatic description by generators and relations. -
Groups and Categories
\chap04" 2009/2/27 i i page 65 i i 4 GROUPS AND CATEGORIES This chapter is devoted to some of the various connections between groups and categories. If you already know the basic group theory covered here, then this will give you some insight into the categorical constructions we have learned so far; and if you do not know it yet, then you will learn it now as an application of category theory. We will focus on three different aspects of the relationship between categories and groups: 1. groups in a category, 2. the category of groups, 3. groups as categories. 4.1 Groups in a category As we have already seen, the notion of a group arises as an abstraction of the automorphisms of an object. In a specific, concrete case, a group G may thus consist of certain arrows g : X ! X for some object X in a category C, G ⊆ HomC(X; X) But the abstract group concept can also be described directly as an object in a category, equipped with a certain structure. This more subtle notion of a \group in a category" also proves to be quite useful. Let C be a category with finite products. The notion of a group in C essentially generalizes the usual notion of a group in Sets. Definition 4.1. A group in C consists of objects and arrows as so: m i G × G - G G 6 u 1 i i i i \chap04" 2009/2/27 i i page 66 66 GROUPSANDCATEGORIES i i satisfying the following conditions: 1. -
Simple Weight Q2(ℂ)-Supermodules
U.U.D.M. Project Report 2009:12 Simple weight q2( )-supermodules Ekaterina Orekhova ℂ Examensarbete i matematik, 30 hp Handledare och examinator: Volodymyr Mazorchuk Juni 2009 Department of Mathematics Uppsala University Simple weight q2(C)-supermodules Ekaterina Orekhova June 6, 2009 1 Abstract The first part of this paper gives the definition and basic properties of the queer Lie superalgebra q2(C). This is followed by a complete classification of simple h-supermodules, which leads to a classification of all simple high- est and lowest weight q2(C)-supermodules. The paper also describes the structure of all Verma supermodules for q2(C) and gives a classification of finite-dimensional q2(C)-supermodules. 2 Contents 1 Introduction 4 1.1 General definitions . 4 1.2 The queer Lie superalgebra q2(C)................ 5 2 Classification of simple h-supermodules 6 3 Properties of weight q-supermodules 11 4 Universal enveloping algebra U(q) 13 5 Simple highest weight q-supermodules 15 5.1 Definition and properties of Verma supermodules . 15 5.2 Structure of typical Verma supermodules . 27 5.3 Structure of atypical Verma supermodules . 28 6 Finite-Dimensional simple weight q-supermodules 31 7 Simple lowest weight q-supermodules 31 3 1 Introduction Significant study of the characters and blocks of the category O of the queer Lie superalgebra qn(C) has been done by Brundan [Br], Frisk [Fr], Penkov [Pe], Penkov and Serganova [PS1], and Sergeev [Se1]. This paper focuses on the case n = 2 and gives explicit formulas, diagrams, and classification results for simple lowest and highest weight q2(C) supermodules. -
Monoidal Functors, Equivalence of Monoidal Categories
14 1.4. Monoidal functors, equivalence of monoidal categories. As we have explained, monoidal categories are a categorification of monoids. Now we pass to categorification of morphisms between monoids, namely monoidal functors. 0 0 0 0 0 Definition 1.4.1. Let (C; ⊗; 1; a; ι) and (C ; ⊗ ; 1 ; a ; ι ) be two monoidal 0 categories. A monoidal functor from C to C is a pair (F; J) where 0 0 ∼ F : C ! C is a functor, and J = fJX;Y : F (X) ⊗ F (Y ) −! F (X ⊗ Y )jX; Y 2 Cg is a natural isomorphism, such that F (1) is isomorphic 0 to 1 . and the diagram (1.4.1) a0 (F (X) ⊗0 F (Y )) ⊗0 F (Z) −−F− (X−)−;F− (Y− )−;F− (Z!) F (X) ⊗0 (F (Y ) ⊗0 F (Z)) ? ? J ⊗0Id ? Id ⊗0J ? X;Y F (Z) y F (X) Y;Z y F (X ⊗ Y ) ⊗0 F (Z) F (X) ⊗0 F (Y ⊗ Z) ? ? J ? J ? X⊗Y;Z y X;Y ⊗Z y F (aX;Y;Z ) F ((X ⊗ Y ) ⊗ Z) −−−−−−! F (X ⊗ (Y ⊗ Z)) is commutative for all X; Y; Z 2 C (“the monoidal structure axiom”). A monoidal functor F is said to be an equivalence of monoidal cate gories if it is an equivalence of ordinary categories. Remark 1.4.2. It is important to stress that, as seen from this defini tion, a monoidal functor is not just a functor between monoidal cate gories, but a functor with an additional structure (the isomorphism J) satisfying a certain equation (the monoidal structure axiom). -
MODULAR REPRESENTATIONS of the SUPERGROUP Q(N), I
MODULAR REPRESENTATIONS OF THE SUPERGROUP Q(n), I JONATHAN BRUNDAN AND ALEXANDER KLESHCHEV To Professor Steinberg with admiration 1. Introduction The representation theory of the algebraic supergroup Q(n) has been studied quite intensively over the complex numbers in recent years, especially by Penkov and Serganova [18, 19, 20] culminating in their solution [21, 22] of the problem of computing the characters of all irreducible finite dimensional representations of Q(n). The characters of one important family of irreducible representations, the so-called polynomial representations, had been determined earlier by Sergeev [24], exploiting an analogue of Schur-Weyl duality connecting polynomial representations of Q(n) to the representation theory of the double covers Sn of the symmetric groups. In [2], we used Sergeev's ideas to classify for the first timeb the irreducible representations of Sn over fields of positive characteristic p > 2. In the present article and its sequel,b we begin a systematic study of the representation theory of Q(n) in positive characteristic, motivated by its close relationship to Sn. Let us briefly summarize the main facts proved in thisb article by purely algebraic techniques. Let G = Q(n) defined over an algebraically closed field k of character- istic p = 2, see 2-3 for the precise definition. In 4 we construct the superalgebra Dist(G6) of distributionsxx on G by reduction modulox p from a Kostant Z-form for the enveloping superalgebra of the Lie superalgebra q(n; C). This provides one of the main tools in the remainder of the paper: there is an explicit equivalence be- tween the category of representations of G and the category of \integrable" Dist(G)- supermodules (see Corollary 5.7). -
Arxiv:1911.00818V2 [Math.CT] 12 Jul 2021 Oc Eerhlbrtr,Teus Oenet Rcrei M Carnegie Or Shou Government, Express and U.S
A PRACTICAL TYPE THEORY FOR SYMMETRIC MONOIDAL CATEGORIES MICHAEL SHULMAN Abstract. We give a natural-deduction-style type theory for symmetric monoidal cat- egories whose judgmental structure directly represents morphisms with tensor products in their codomain as well as their domain. The syntax is inspired by Sweedler notation for coalgebras, with variables associated to types in the domain and terms associated to types in the codomain, allowing types to be treated informally like “sets with elements” subject to global linearity-like restrictions. We illustrate the usefulness of this type the- ory with various applications to duality, traces, Frobenius monoids, and (weak) Hopf monoids. Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Props 9 3 On the admissibility of structural rules 11 4 The type theory for free props 14 5 Constructing free props from type theory 24 6 Presentations of props 29 7 Examples 31 1. Introduction 1.1. Type theories for monoidal categories. Type theories are a powerful tool for reasoning about categorical structures. This is best-known in the case of the internal language of a topos, which is a higher-order intuitionistic logic. But there are also weaker type theories that correspond to less highly-structured categories, such as regular logic for arXiv:1911.00818v2 [math.CT] 12 Jul 2021 regular categories, simply typed λ-calculus for cartesian closed categories, typed algebraic theories for categories with finite products, and so on (a good overview can be found in [Joh02, Part D]). This material is based on research sponsored by The United States Air Force Research Laboratory under agreement number FA9550-15-1-0053. -
Graded Monoidal Categories Compositio Mathematica, Tome 28, No 3 (1974), P
COMPOSITIO MATHEMATICA A. FRÖHLICH C. T. C. WALL Graded monoidal categories Compositio Mathematica, tome 28, no 3 (1974), p. 229-285 <http://www.numdam.org/item?id=CM_1974__28_3_229_0> © Foundation Compositio Mathematica, 1974, tous droits réservés. L’accès aux archives de la revue « Compositio Mathematica » (http: //http://www.compositio.nl/) implique l’accord avec les conditions géné- rales d’utilisation (http://www.numdam.org/conditions). Toute utilisation commerciale ou impression systématique est constitutive d’une infrac- tion pénale. Toute copie ou impression de ce fichier doit contenir la présente mention de copyright. Article numérisé dans le cadre du programme Numérisation de documents anciens mathématiques http://www.numdam.org/ COMPOSITIO MATHEMATICA, Vol. 28, Fasc. 3, 1974, pag. 229-285 Noordhoff International Publishing Printed in the Netherlands GRADED MONOIDAL CATEGORIES A. Fröhlich and C. T. C. Wall Introduction This paper grew out of our joint work on the Brauer group. Our idea was to define the Brauer group in an equivariant situation, also a ’twisted’ version incorporating anti-automorphisms, and give exact sequences for computing it. The theory related to representations of groups by auto- morphisms of various algebraic structures [4], [5], on one hand, and to the theory of quadratic and Hermitian forms (see particularly [17]) on the other. In developing these ideas, we observed that many of the arguments could be developed in a purely abstract setting, and that this clarified the nature of the proofs. The purpose of this paper is to present this setting, together with such theorems as need no further structure. To help motivate the reader, and fix ideas somewhat in tracing paths through the abstractions which follow, we list some of the examples to which the theory will be applied. -
Note on Monoidal Localisation
BULL. AUSTRAL. MATH. SOC. '8D05« I8DI0' I8DI5 VOL. 8 (1973), 1-16. Note on monoidal localisation Brian Day If a class Z of morphisms in a monoidal category A is closed under tensoring with the objects of A then the category- obtained by inverting the morphisms in Z is monoidal. We note the immediate properties of this induced structure. The main application describes monoidal completions in terms of the ordinary category completions introduced by Applegate and Tierney. This application in turn suggests a "change-of- universe" procedure for category theory based on a given monoidal closed category. Several features of this procedure are discussed. 0. Introduction The first step in this article is to apply a reflection theorem ([5], Theorem 2.1) for closed categories to the convolution structure of closed functor categories described in [3]. This combination is used to discuss monoidal localisation in the following sense. If a class Z of morphisms in a symmetric monoidal category 8 has the property that e € Z implies 1D ® e € Z for all objects B € B then the category 8, of fractions of 8 with respect to Z (as constructed in [fl]. Chapter l) is a monoidal category. Moreover, the projection functor P : 8 -* 8, then solves the corresponding universal problem in terms of monoidal functors; hence such a class Z is called monoidal. To each class Z of morphisms in a monoidal category 8 there corresponds a monoidal interior Z , namely the largest monoidal class Received 18 July 1972. The research here reported was supported in part by a grant from the National Science Foundation' of the USA. -
A Survey of Graphical Languages for Monoidal Categories
5 Traced categories 32 5.1 Righttracedcategories . 33 5.2 Planartracedcategories. 34 5.3 Sphericaltracedcategories . 35 A survey of graphical languages for monoidal 5.4 Spacialtracedcategories . 36 categories 5.5 Braidedtracedcategories . 36 5.6 Balancedtracedcategories . 39 5.7 Symmetrictracedcategories . 40 Peter Selinger 6 Products, coproducts, and biproducts 41 Dalhousie University 6.1 Products................................. 41 6.2 Coproducts ............................... 43 6.3 Biproducts................................ 44 Abstract 6.4 Traced product, coproduct, and biproduct categories . ........ 45 This article is intended as a reference guide to various notions of monoidal cat- 6.5 Uniformityandregulartrees . 47 egories and their associated string diagrams. It is hoped that this will be useful not 6.6 Cartesiancenter............................. 48 just to mathematicians, but also to physicists, computer scientists, and others who use diagrammatic reasoning. We have opted for a somewhat informal treatment of 7 Dagger categories 48 topological notions, and have omitted most proofs. Nevertheless, the exposition 7.1 Daggermonoidalcategories . 50 is sufficiently detailed to make it clear what is presently known, and to serve as 7.2 Otherprogressivedaggermonoidalnotions . ... 50 a starting place for more in-depth study. Where possible, we provide pointers to 7.3 Daggerpivotalcategories. 51 more rigorous treatments in the literature. Where we include results that have only 7.4 Otherdaggerpivotalnotions . 54 been proved in special cases, we indicate this in the form of caveats. 7.5 Daggertracedcategories . 55 7.6 Daggerbiproducts............................ 56 Contents 8 Bicategories 57 1 Introduction 2 9 Beyond a single tensor product 58 2 Categories 5 10 Summary 59 3 Monoidal categories 8 3.1 (Planar)monoidalcategories . 9 1 Introduction 3.2 Spacialmonoidalcategories . -
Matrix Computations in Linear Superalgebra Institute De Znvestigaciones En Matemhticas Aplicadas Y Sistemus Universidad Nacionul
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Matrix Computations in Linear Superalgebra Oscar Adolf0 Sanchez Valenzuela* Institute de Znvestigaciones en Matemhticas Aplicadas y Sistemus Universidad Nacionul Authwmu de M&co Apdo, Postal 20-726; Admon. No. 20 Deleg. Alvaro Obreg6n 01000 M&ico D.F., M&co Submitted by Marvin D. Marcus ABSTRACT The notions of supervector space, superalgebra, supermodule, and finite dimen- sional free super-module over a supercommutative superalgebra are reviewed. Then, a functorial correspondence is established between (free) supermodule morphisms and matrices with coefficients in the corresponding supercommutative superalgebra. It is shown that functoriality requires the rule for matrix multiplication to be different from the usual one. It has the advantage, however, of making the analogues of the nongraded formulas retain their familiar form (the chain rule is but one example of this). INTRODUCTION This paper is intended to serve as reference for definitions and conven- tions behind our work in super-manifolds: [6], [7], and [8]. More important perhaps, is the fact that we show here how computations have to be carried out in a consistent way within the category of supermodules over a super- commutative superalgebra-a point that has not been stressed in the litera- ture so far., To begin with, we shall adhere to the standard usage of the prefix super by letting it stand for Z,-graded, as in [l]. Thus, we shall review the notions *Current address: Centro de Investigacibn en Matemiticas, CIMAT, Apartado Postal 402, C.P.