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Saxifragaceae Saxifrage Family
Saxifragaceae Page | 921 saxifrage family About 700 species in 40 genera comprise this family of herbs and shrubs. Nova Scotia has several representative species, ranging from the highland saxifrages to deciduous forest mitreworts. Calyx and corolla are 4-5-merous. Sepals appear to be lobes of the hypanthium. Petals are variable in size and dissection. Stamens are equal in number or double the number of sepals and petals. Pistils number one or three; carpels 2–5, united basally to form a compound ovary, which may be deeply lobed. Fruit is dehiscent. Leaves are alternate with or without stipules, basal or cauline. Several genera are cultivated, but not persisting outside of cultivation. Key to genera A. Leaves opposite, cauline; plant sprawling; flowers 4-merous; petals absent. Chrysosplenium aa. Leaves mostly in a basal rosette, or very small and alternate; plants erect; B flowers 5-merous; petals present. B. Flowers solitary; stamens equal in number to the petals. Parnassia bb. Flowers several to numerous; stamens double the number of petals. C C. Leaves small, crowded, sessile or nearly so. Saxifraga cc. Leaves mostly basal, on long petioles. D D. Leaves serrate; petals entire; capsule beak Tiarella acute. dd. Leaves crenate; petals finely cleft; capsule beak Mitella obtuse. Chrysosplenium L. Plants of cool regions, all 40 species have minute flowers. Petals are absent; calyx is four-merous. Flowers are perfect and perigynous. Hypanthium has eight lobes in its centre, with 4–8 stamens attached. Perennial creeping herbs, they are freely branched, their leaves simple. 3-81 Saxifragaceae Page | 922 Chrysosplenium americanum Schwein. Golden saxifrage; dorine d'Amérique A smooth, nearly succulent plant, it has many trailing branches, forming thick mats. -
Survival Types of High Mountain Plants Under Extreme Temperatures
ARTICLE IN PRESS Flora 205 (2010) 3–18 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Flora journal homepage: www.elsevier.de/flora Survival types of high mountain plants under extreme temperatures Walter Larcher Ã, Christine Kainmuller,¨ Johanna Wagner Institut fur¨ Botanik, Universitat¨ Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria article info abstract Article history: Extreme temperatures are a main factor limiting plant growth in high mountain habitats. During winter, Received 20 September 2008 the risk of frost damage is highest at windblown and often snow-free sites. During summer, actively Accepted 2 December 2008 growing plants are particularly endangered by episodic cold spells, but also by short-term overheating. The current review gives an overview of extreme temperatures in the European Alps and observations of Keywords: temperature damage on plants in their natural habitats. Furthermore, seasonal time courses of frost and Bioclimate temperatures heat resistance derived from laboratory tests on different plant growth forms are presented. Study Frost resistance species were the cushion plants Silene acaulis, Minuartia sedoides, Saxifraga oppositifolia and Carex firma Heat resistance collected on wind-exposed ridges; the rosette plant Soldanella alpina collected on snow-protected sites, Cross-tolerance and three Sempervivum species collected in xerothermic habitats. Adaptation The temperature resistance of leaves, stems, rhizomes and roots were tested in two annual time Winter drought courses. Frost treatments were conducted in controlled freezers by rapid cooling (10 K hÀ1, for current resistance) as well as by stepwise cooling (1–3 K hÀ1, for hardening capacity). Heat treatments followed a standardised procedure by exposing samples to heat for 30 min in hot water baths. -
Winter Frosts Reduce Flower Bud Survival in High-Mountain Plants
plants Article Winter Frosts Reduce Flower Bud Survival in High-Mountain Plants Johanna Wagner *, Karla Gruber, Ursula Ladinig, Othmar Buchner and Gilbert Neuner * Department of Botany, Functional Plant Biology, University of Innsbruck, Sternwartestrasse 15, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; [email protected] (K.G.); [email protected] (U.L.); [email protected] (O.B.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (J.W.); [email protected] (G.N.); Tel.: +43-512-507-51026 (G.N.) Abstract: At higher elevations in the European Alps, plants may experience winter temperatures of −30 ◦C and lower at snow-free sites. Vegetative organs are usually sufficiently frost hardy to survive such low temperatures, but it is largely unknown if this also applies to generative structures. We investigated winter frost effects on flower buds in the cushion plants Saxifraga bryoides L. (subnival- nival) and Saxifraga moschata Wulfen (alpine-nival) growing at differently exposed sites, and the chionophilous cryptophyte Ranunculus glacialis L. (subnival-nival). Potted plants were subjected to short-time (ST) and long-time (LT) freezing between −10 and −30 ◦C in temperature-controlled freezers. Frost damage, ice nucleation and flowering frequency in summer were determined. Flower bud viability and flowering frequency decreased significantly with decreasing temperature and exposure time in both saxifrages. Already, −10 ◦C LT-freezing caused the first injuries. Below −20 ◦C, the mean losses were 47% (ST) and 75% (LT) in S. bryoides, and 19% (ST) and 38% (LT) in S. moschata. Winter buds of both saxifrages did not supercool, suggesting that damages were caused by freeze dehydration. -
Pollen and Stamen Mimicry: the Alpine Flora As a Case Study
Arthropod-Plant Interactions DOI 10.1007/s11829-017-9525-5 ORIGINAL PAPER Pollen and stamen mimicry: the alpine flora as a case study 1 1 1 1 Klaus Lunau • Sabine Konzmann • Lena Winter • Vanessa Kamphausen • Zong-Xin Ren2 Received: 1 June 2016 / Accepted: 6 April 2017 Ó The Author(s) 2017. This article is an open access publication Abstract Many melittophilous flowers display yellow and Dichogamous and diclinous species display pollen- and UV-absorbing floral guides that resemble the most com- stamen-imitating structures more often than non-dichoga- mon colour of pollen and anthers. The yellow coloured mous and non-diclinous species, respectively. The visual anthers and pollen and the similarly coloured flower guides similarity between the androecium and other floral organs are described as key features of a pollen and stamen is attributed to mimicry, i.e. deception caused by the flower mimicry system. In this study, we investigated the entire visitor’s inability to discriminate between model and angiosperm flora of the Alps with regard to visually dis- mimic, sensory exploitation, and signal standardisation played pollen and floral guides. All species were checked among floral morphs, flowering phases, and co-flowering for the presence of pollen- and stamen-imitating structures species. We critically discuss deviant pollen and stamen using colour photographs. Most flowering plants of the mimicry concepts and evaluate the frequent evolution of Alps display yellow pollen and at least 28% of the species pollen-imitating structures in view of the conflicting use of display pollen- or stamen-imitating structures. The most pollen for pollination in flowering plants and provision of frequent types of pollen and stamen imitations were pollen for offspring in bees. -
The Down Rare Plant Register of Scarce & Threatened Vascular Plants
Vascular Plant Register County Down County Down Scarce, Rare & Extinct Vascular Plant Register and Checklist of Species Graham Day & Paul Hackney Record editor: Graham Day Authors of species accounts: Graham Day and Paul Hackney General editor: Julia Nunn 2008 These records have been selected from the database held by the Centre for Environmental Data and Recording at the Ulster Museum. The database comprises all known county Down records. The records that form the basis for this work were made by botanists, most of whom were amateur and some of whom were professional, employed by government departments or undertaking environmental impact assessments. This publication is intended to be of assistance to conservation and planning organisations and authorities, district and local councils and interested members of the public. Cover design by Fiona Maitland Cover photographs: Mourne Mountains from Murlough National Nature Reserve © Julia Nunn Hyoscyamus niger © Graham Day Spiranthes romanzoffiana © Graham Day Gentianella campestris © Graham Day MAGNI Publication no. 016 © National Museums & Galleries of Northern Ireland 1 Vascular Plant Register County Down 2 Vascular Plant Register County Down CONTENTS Preface 5 Introduction 7 Conservation legislation categories 7 The species accounts 10 Key to abbreviations used in the text and the records 11 Contact details 12 Acknowledgements 12 Species accounts for scarce, rare and extinct vascular plants 13 Casual species 161 Checklist of taxa from county Down 166 Publications relevant to the flora of county Down 180 Index 182 3 Vascular Plant Register County Down 4 Vascular Plant Register County Down PREFACE County Down is distinguished among Irish counties by its relatively diverse and interesting flora, as a consequence of its range of habitats and long coastline. -
Catálogo Florístico Del Parque Nacional Picos De Europa
Catálogo florístico del Parque Nacional Picos de Europa DOCUMENTOS DEL JARDÍN BOTÁNICO ATLÁNTICO (GIJÓN) 8:1-312 (2011) 1 Catálogo florístico del Parque Nacional Picos de Europa J. Ignacio Alonso Felpete | Sara González Robinson Ana Fernández Rodríguez | Ivan Sanzo Rodríguez Amparo Mora Cabello de Alba | Álvaro Bueno Sánchez Tomás E. Díaz González !"#$%&'(") 8 Gijon, ./00 DOCUMENTOS DEL JARDÍN BOTÁNICO ATLÁNTICO (GIJÓN) 8:1-312 (2011) 3 Agradecimientos El desarrollo de este catálogo Xorístico ha sido posible gracias a la colaboración de un gran número de personas. Debemos destacar el apoyo prestado por el Parque Nacional Picos de Europa que ha co8nanciado la presente publicación y 8nanció durante 2007 y 2008 el desarrollo de los proyectos: Avances en el catálogo $orístico del Parque Nacional Picos de Europa y Actualización del catálogo $orístico del Parque Nacional Picos de Europa . Los autores desean expresar su agradecimiento al Dr. Herminio S. Nava, del Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas de la Universidad de Oviedo, por el entusiasmo con el que acogió la idea de completar el catálogo Xorístico del Parque, revisando con gusto multitud de pliegos y participando en las campañas de recolección que se han realizado durante estos últimos años, con objeto de completar algunas lagunas Xorísticas. Igualmente queremos expresar nuestro reconocimiento al Padre Manuel Laínz Gallo, por el apoyo bibliográ8co prestado y por su continuada labor como catalizador de un esfuerzo colectivo que ha sido el germen de numerosas aportaciones corológicas, siempre de alto interés para el territorio de estudio, y que han sido recogidas en un prolijo número de publicaciones. -
Searchable PDF Created by OCR.Space (Free Version) WÔJCICKIJ
2a Listy s palisty; tyčinek 5; semenilc a tobolka jednopouzdré 4. Heuchera b Listy bez palistů: tyčinek 6 nebo 10; semeník a tobolka jedno- nebo dvoupouzdré 3 3a Květy 4četné, v plochém chocholičnatém vrcholíku s velkými listeny podobnými listům (často až žlutými); koruna chybí; semeník a tobolka jednopouzdré 5. Chrysosplenium b Květy 5četné, květenství v obrysu podlouhlé nebo vejčité nebo květy jednotlivé, listeny většinou velmi drobné; koruna vyvinuta; semeník a tobolka obvykle dvoupouzdré 3 4a Statné, lysé, dužnaté byliny; listy s čepelí většinou 15—25 cm dl., 10—20 cm Šir., na obou stranách tmavě tečkovanou (s ponořenými žlázkami nevylučujícími uhličitan vápenatý) 3. Bergenia b Drobné až střední byliny s lodyhami a květními stopkami (často i listy) stopkatě žláznatými nebo řidčeji chlupatými; listy s čepelí nejvýše 8 cm dl. a šir., bez tmavých teček (někdy při okraji na svrchní straně s jamkami vylučujícími uhličitan vápenatý) 2. Saxifraga 1. Astilbe D. DON — čechrava Asrilbe HAMILTONex D. DON Prodr. n. Nepal. 210, 1825. Lit. : SCHNEPPH. (1970): Untersuchungenüber den Habitus von Aruncus, Astilbe und einigenähnlichen Pflanzen.Beitr. Biol. Pfl. 46: 370—387. Vytrvalé byliny. Listy střídavé, složené, s palisty. Květy 5četné, různoobalné; tyčinek obvykle 10; gyneceum v dol. části synkarpní; semeník svrchní, dvoupouzdrý. — Asi 30 druhů, převážně ve v. Asii; v Evropě jen pěstované rostliny. 1. Astilbe arendsii hort. — čechrava zahradní ± čárkovité, červenofialové, růžové až bílé; tyči- Tab. 94/3 nek 10, nitky ± stejně zbarvené jako koruna; plo- Oddenek 3— 10 cm dl., ca 5—7 mm silný, vět- dolisty jen naspodu srostlé. Tobolka dvoupou- šinou tmavě hnědý, s chudými adventivními koře- zdrá. -
Alien Vascular Plants in Iceland: Diversity, Spatial Patterns, Temporal
Flora 208 (2013) 648–673 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Flora j ournal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/flora Alien vascular plants in Iceland: Diversity, spatial patterns, temporal trends, and the impact of climate change a,∗ b a Pawel Wasowicz , Ewa Maria Przedpelska-Wasowicz , Hörður Kristinsson a The Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Borgum við Norðurslóð, PO Box 180, IS-600 Akureyri, Iceland b Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warszawa, Poland a r t a b i s c l e i n f o t r a c t Article history: The present study provides first comprehensive and up-to-date results on alien plant taxa in Iceland Received 24 May 2013 since 1967. We evidenced the presence of 336 alien vascular plant taxa, including 277 casuals and 59 Accepted 26 September 2013 naturalised taxa, two being invasive. The distribution of the alien flora exhibits a clear spatial pattern Available online 6 October 2013 showing hotspots of occurrence and diversity within areas of major settlement centres. Altitude above sea level and temperature-related variables proved to be the most important factors shaping alien plant Keywords: distribution in Iceland. Predictive modelling evidenced that arctic areas of Iceland and the Central High- Alien flora lands are under serious risk of alien plant invasion due to climate change. The results provide crucial Iceland information for alien and invasive plant management and contribute data for meta-analyses of invasion Climate change processes worldwide. Invasive species Predictive modelling © 2013 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. Maxent Introduction decades northern plant taxa, well adapted to cold environments will come under pressure and have to withdraw from their natural Only a small percent of alien plant taxa have a potential to environments. -
A Guide to Frequent and Typical Plant Communities of the European Alps
- Alpine Ecology and Environments A guide to frequent and typical plant communities of the European Alps Guide to the virtual excursion in lesson B1 (Alpine plant biodiversity) Peter M. Kammer and Adrian Möhl (illustrations) – Alpine Ecology and Environments B1 – Alpine plant biodiversity Preface This guide provides an overview over the most frequent, widely distributed, and characteristic plant communities of the European Alps; each of them occurring under different growth conditions. It serves as the basic document for the virtual excursion offered in lesson B1 (Alpine plant biodiversity) of the ALPECOLe course. Naturally, the guide can also be helpful for a real excursion in the field! By following the road map, that begins on page 3, you can determine the plant community you are looking at. Communities you have to know for the final test are indicated with bold frames in the road maps. On the portrait sheets you will find a short description of each plant community. Here, the names of communities you should know are underlined. The portrait sheets are structured as follows: • After the English name of the community the corresponding phytosociological units are in- dicated, i.e. the association (Ass.) and/or the alliance (All.). The names of the units follow El- lenberg (1996) and Grabherr & Mucina (1993). • The paragraph “site characteristics” provides information on the altitudinal occurrence of the community, its topographical situation, the types of substrata, specific climate conditions, the duration of snow-cover, as well as on the nature of the soil. Where appropriate, specifications on the agricultural management form are given. • In the section “stand characteristics” the horizontal and vertical structure of the community is described. -
Species Profile: Minnesota DNR
Species profile: Minnesota DNR events | a-z list | newsroom | about DNR | contact us Recreation | Destinations | Nature | Education / safety | Licenses / permits / regs. Home > Nature > Rare Species Guide > Keyword Search | A-Z Search | Filtered Search Botrychium campestre W.H. Wagner & Farrar ex W.H. & F. Prairie Wagner Moonwort MN Status: Basis for Listing special concern Federal Status: Botrychium campestre was first none discovered in 1982 and described eight CITES: years later (Wagner and Wagner 1990). none Until that time, no one knew that USFS: Botrychium spp. (moonworts) occurred in none prairies. The discovery sparked considerable interest among botanists in Group: finding more sites of this species, and in vascular plant trying to find out if other undescribed Class: moonworts could be found. Results have Ophioglossopsida been quite impressive; we now know that Order: B. campestre ranges across the whole Ophioglossales continent. Botanists have also discovered Family: previously undescribed species of Ophioglossaceae Botrychium from prairies and a variety of Life Form: prairie-like habitats. The actual rarity of forb B. campestre is difficult to judge at this Longevity: time. There are now numerous records, perennial but they are the result of an Leaf Duration: unprecedented search effort. Further deciduous searches will undoubtedly discover Water Regime: additional sites, and it is possible that at terrestrial some time in the future B. campestre will Soils: be thought of as relatively common. Map Interpretation sand, loam Botrychium campestre was listed as a Light: special concern species in Minnesota in full sun 1996. Habitats: Upland Prairie Description Botrychium campestre is a small, Best time to see: inconspicuous fern that can be very difficult to find. -
AGS-Seed-List-No.62 2013-2014
WELCOME TO THE ALPINE GARDEN SOCIETY’S 62nd SEED LIST Please read through these notes and also the notes on the back of the order forms before completing the forms. The main distribution will begin in December and will continue through January. Please note that the distribution takes place from Pershore and the office will be closed for the Christmas and New Year holiday. Consequently, no orders will be made up between 20 December 2013 and 6 January 2014. The seeds offered originate from various sources and cannot be guaranteed true to name. Neither The Alpine Garden Society nor any official of the Society can be held responsible for what is supplied. Members are reminded that named cultivars and hybrids cannot be relied upon to come true, and plants raised from seed from cultivars should not be labelled with the names of those cultivars. Seeds of many species are in short supply and we can never have enough to meet all requests. If you request very rare or scarce species you may be disappointed and we advise you to spread your requests throughout a variety of seeds on the list. We do limit the allocation of rare species to try and be as fair as possible to all members, especially to those who donate the rare seed. Surplus seeds are those remaining after all applications for main distribution seeds have been met. Please see the notes on the back of the order form for further information. On-line ordering is the recommended way to order and pay for seed. There are many advantages in ordering this way, in particular a built in link to pictures of the plants on the list. -
Literature Cited
Literature Cited Robert W. Kiger, Editor This is a consolidated list of all works cited in volume 8, whether as selected references, in text, or in nomenclatural contexts. In citations of articles, both here and in the taxonomic treat- ments, and also in nomenclatural citations, the titles of serials are rendered in the forms recom- mended in G. D. R. Bridson and E. R. Smith (1991). When those forms are abbreviated, as most are, cross references to the corresponding full serial titles are interpolated here alphabetically by abbreviated form. In nomenclatural citations (only), book titles are rendered in the abbreviated forms recommended in F. A. Stafleu and R. S. Cowan (1976–1988) and F. A. Stafleu et al. (1992– 2009). Here, those abbreviated forms are indicated parenthetically following the full citations of the corresponding works, and cross references to the full citations are interpolated in the list alpha- betically by abbreviated form. Two or more works published in the same year by the same author or group of coauthors will be distinguished uniquely and consistently throughout all volumes of Flora of North America by lower-case letters (b, c, d, ...) suffixed to the date for the second and subsequent works in the set. The suffixes are assigned in order of editorial encounter and do not reflect chronological sequence of publication. The first work by any particular author or group from any given year carries the implicit date suffix “a”; thus, the sequence of explicit suffixes begins with “b”. There may be citations in this list that have dates suffixed “b” but that are not preceded by citations of “[a]” works for the same year, or that have dates suffixed “c,” “d,” or “e” but that are not preceded by citations of “[a],” “b,” “c,” and/or “d” works for that year.