Vol. 5, No. 1 January 1995 INSIDE • 1995 GeoVentures, p. 4 • Environmental Education, p. 9 GSA TODAY • Southeastern Section Meeting, p. 15 A Publication of the Geological Society of America • North-Central–South-Central Section Meeting, p. 18

Stability or Instability of Antarctic Ice Sheets During Warm Climates of the Pliocene? James P. Kennett Marine Science Institute and Department of Geological Sciences, University of California Santa Barbara, CA 93106 David A. Hodell Department of Geology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611

ABSTRACT to the south from warmer, less nutrient- rich Subantarctic surface water. Up- During the Pliocene between welling of deep water in the circum- ~5 and 3 Ma, polar ice sheets were Antarctic links the mean chemical restricted to Antarctica, and climate composition of ocean deep water with was at times significantly warmer the atmosphere through gas exchange than now. Debate on whether the (Toggweiler and Sarmiento, 1985). Antarctic ice sheets and climate sys- The evolution of the Antarctic cryo- tem withstood this warmth with sphere-ocean system has profoundly relatively little change (stability influenced global climate, sea-level his- hypothesis) or whether much of the tory, Earth’s heat budget, atmospheric ice sheet disappeared (deglaciation composition and circulation, thermo- hypothesis) is ongoing. Paleoclimatic haline circulation, and the develop- data from high-latitude deep-sea sed- ment of Antarctic biota. iments strongly support the stability Given current concern about possi- hypothesis. Oxygen isotopic data ble global greenhouse warming, under- indicate that average sea-surface standing the history of the Antarctic temperatures in the Southern Ocean ocean-cryosphere system is important could not have increased by more for assessing future response of the Figure 1. Elevation of Antarctic ice sheets showing the continental ice sheet on East Antarctica than ~3 °C during the warmest Antarctic region to global warming. and the marine-based ice sheet on West Antarctica that is largely grounded below sea level. The Pliocene intervals. A small rise in As a result, paleoclimatologists have history and stability of these ice sheets differ in that the West Antarctic ice sheet is less stable and Southern Ocean temperatures may developed later (late Miocene) than the East Antarctic ice sheet, which is believed to have devel- turned their attention to times when have caused limited melting of the oped to its approximate present form by the middle Miocene (~14 Ma). (From The Antarctic Ice climate was warmer than today. The ice sheets and associated marine by U. Radok, copyright ©1985 by Scientific American, Inc. All rights reserved.) early Pliocene was one such interval. transgression, but maximum sea During that time (4.8 to 3.2 Ma), cli- level rise was likely less than 25 m mate was warmer than at any other above the present level. Recently dis- time within the past 7 m.y. (Kennett covered evidence from the Antarctic the cold circum-Antarctic current thermally decoupled from lower lati- and Vella, 1975; Elmstrom and Ken- dry valleys indicate relative stability (“stability hypothesis”—Shackleton tudes. By 20 Ma, during the early nett, 1986). Did this early Pliocene of the Antarctic climate-cryosphere and Kennett, 1975; Kennett, 1977; Miocene or shortly thereafter, a vigor- warmth lead to major deglaciation of system since middle Miocene time Clapperton and Sugden, 1990; Kennett ous circumpolar current had undoubt- the Antarctic ice sheets and significant (~14 Ma). and Hodell, 1993). This implies that edly been established (Kennett, 1977; warming of the Southern Ocean? the Antarctic cryosphere-ocean system Lawver et al., 1992). Today the Drake INTRODUCTION Stability Hypothesis is robust and that the ice sheet is diffi- Passage imposes a unique dynamic cult to remove because of powerful constraint on poleward transport of The Antarctic cryosphere is the Until recently, most workers thermal inertia of the Antarctic circum- warm water because persistent westerly largest accumulation of ice on Earth believed that the East Antarctic ice polar current and strong negative feed- winds in the circumpolar belt deflect and comprises some 30 × 106 km3 (Fig. sheet had grown to its approximate backs tending to maintain stability. warm surface waters northward. Also 1). If all Antarctic ice melted, sea level present form by the middle Miocene Once tectonic changes such as the the position of the Antarctic circum- would rise by ~70 m. The Antarctic ice (~14 Ma) and then remained relatively opening of the Tasmanian Seaway and polar current is fixed partly by seafloor sheets are divided at the Transantarctic stable under polar desert climate due Drake Passage permitted circumpolar Mountains into a small (3.3 km3), to continental thermal isolation by flow, the Antarctic continent became Ice Sheets continued on p. 10 marine-based sheet in the west and a larger (26 km3), continent-based sheet to the east (Fig. 1). The West Antarctic ice sheet is grounded below sea level Figure 2. Oblique aerial view and may thus be vulnerable to small looking south across the west- ern Olympus Range toward the changes in surface temperatures of the western Asgard Range in the Southern Ocean and in sea level (Mer- dry valleys sector of the Trans- cer, 1978). In contrast, the more stable antarctic Mountains, Antarctica. East Antarctic ice sheet is largely Note detached mesas and grounded on bedrock above sea level. buttes, remnants of the upper The Antarctic ice sheets and adja- planation surface. Denton et al. cent Southern Ocean act together to (1993) suggested that these form the Antarctic ocean-cryosphere upland landscapes resemble system, representing one of the most those on the Colorado Plateau important components of Earth’s cli- and formed under similar semi- arid desert conditions. The dry mate system, by strongly influencing valley landscapes date to the global atmospheric and ocean circu- middle-to-late Miocene and lation (Cattle, 1991). The Southern exhibit remarkable slope sta- Ocean is an integral part of the Antarc- bility, indicating a hyperarid, tic environmental system because the cold desert environment since cold, circumpolar current maintains that time. This geomorphologi- thermal isolation of the continent. cal evidence argues against The ocean is bounded to the north major deglaciation and warm by the Antarctic convergence, or Antarctic climates during the Polar Front zone that separates cold, Pliocene. Photo from Denton et al. (1993, p. 171; used with nutrient-rich Antarctic surface waters permission). IN THIS ISSUE GSA Stability or Instability of Antarctic Ice Sheets Officers During Warm Climates of the Pliocene? ...... 1 and Officers and Councilors—1995 ...... 2 Councilors In Memoriam ...... 2 for 1995 Forum...... 3 David A. Stephenson Eldridge M. Moores William R. Dickinson David E. Dunn 1995 GeoVentures ...... 4 President Vice-President Past President Treasurer Seattle wrap-up ...... 6 South Pass Resources, Inc. University of California Tucson, Arizona University of Texas—Dallas Scottsdale, Arizona Davis, California Richardson, Texas Students’ Corner ...... 6 1994 Presidential Address (abstract) .. 7 Councilors (1993–1995) Councilors (1994–1996) Councilors (1995–1997) New GSA Bulletin Editors ...... 8 Gail M. Ashley Keros Cartwright Maryellen Cameron IEE and GEPOP ...... 9 Rutgers University Illinois State Geological Survey National Science Foundation Piscataway, New Jersey Champaign, Illinois Arlington, Virginia Penrose Conference Scheduled ...... 12 Mark Cloos John A. Cherry James A. Helwig Letter from Washington ...... 13 University of Texas at Austin University of Waterloo Mobil Oil Corporation Austin, Texas Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Dallas, Texas GSAF Update ...... 14 Sharon Mosher George H. Davis Thomas L. Holzer Southeastern Section Meeting ...... 15 University of Texas at Austin University of Arizona U.S. Geological Survey Austin, Texas Tucson, Arizona Menlo Park, California North-Central–South-Central Meeting 18 Anthony J. Naldrett Leigh H. Royden Orrin H. Pilkey, Jr. Alternates Receive Research Grants . . . 22 University of Toronto Massachusetts Institute of Technology Duke University Toronto, Ontario, Canada Cambridge, Massachusetts Durham, North Carolina Classifieds ...... 22

Call for applications and nominations for GSA TODAY January Vol. 5, No. 1 1995 GSA BOOKS SCIENCE EDITOR GSA solicits applications and nominations of persons qualified to serve as GSA Books Science Editor. The term of the current Editor will GSA TODAY (ISSN 1052-5173) is published end December 31, 1995, and the new Editor will begin a three-year term at that time. monthly by The Geological Society of America, Inc., with offices at 3300 Penrose Place, Boulder, Colorado. Mailing This is not a salaried position, but GSA pays expenses for secretarial assistance, mail, telephone, and copying and for travel to meetings of address: P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140, U.S.A. the GSA Publications Committee. The GSA headquarters staff handles copyediting and production of books from accepted manuscripts. Second-class postage paid at Boulder, Colorado, and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Send address Interested persons should submit a vita, a list of publications, and a letter describing relevant qualifications, experience, and objectives. changes to GSA Today, Membership Services, P.O. Box Nominations should include a letter and the nominee’s written permission, vita, and publications list. Applications and nominations 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140. should be sent BEFORE FEBRUARY 15, 1995, to: Donald M. Davidson, Jr., Executive Director, Geological Society of America, P.O. Box Copyright © 1995, The Geological Society of America, 9140, Boulder, CO 80301. Inc. (GSA). All rights reserved. Copyright not claimed on content prepared wholly by U.S. Government employees Duties forward it to GSA headquarters with a recommendation for within the scope of their employment. Permission is • Encourage submission of appropriate manuscripts or collections publication. granted to individuals to photocopy freely all items other than the science articles to further science and education. of manuscripts to GSA for publication as a Memoir or Special • Keep the GSA Committee on Publications and the headquar- Individual scientists are hereby granted permission, with- Paper. ters staff informed about the flow of manuscripts and other out royalties or further requests, to make unlimited pho- tocopies of the science articles for use in classrooms to • Respond to inquiries, oral or written, about possible GSA book business. further education and science, and to make up to five manuscripts. The GSA Books Science Editor should have copies for distribution to associates in the furtherance of • Inform prospective authors and volume editors about GSA science; permission is granted to make more than five • Strong, broad background in geological sciences. policies and procedures. photocopies for other noncommercial, nonprofit pur- • Good organizational and English language skills. poses furthering science and education upon payment of • Appoint volume editor(s) and supervise selection of reviewers • Willingness to invest the necessary time (up to 20 hours/week). the appropriate fee ($0.25 per page) directly to the Copy- for multi-paper volumes. right Clearance Center, 27 Congress Street, Salem, Mas- • Familiarity with many earth scientists and their work. • Select and recruit reviewers for single-paper volumes; send out sachusetts 01970, phone (508) 744-3350 (include title • Ability to make decisions. and ISSN when paying). Written permission is required manuscripts for review. Advise author(s) about necessary revi- from GSA for all other forms of capture, reproduction, • Perspective on trends in the geosciences and objectivity regard- sions. and/or distribution of any item in this journal by any ing subject matter . means. GSA provides this and other forums for the pre- • Inform volume editors on procedures for review and revision of • Patience, courtesy, and tact in dealing with authors and editors. sentation of diverse opinions and positions by scientists papers. worldwide, regardless of their race, citizenship, gender, • Persistence in finding and recruiting suitable reviewers. religion, or political viewpoint. Opinions presented in this • Review each proposed volume upon receipt of final draft from publication do not reflect official positions of the Society. author(s) or volume editors(s). If volume is up to standard,

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2 GSA TODAY, January 1995 Reminders FORUM

Bruce F. Molnia CALL FOR NOMINATIONS Materials and supporting information for any of the following nomina- tions may be sent to GSA Executive Director, Geological Society of Amer- Effects of Potential Geothermal ica, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301. For more detailed information about the nomination procedures, refer to the October 1994 issue of GSA Development on the Thermal Today, or call headquarters at (303) 447-2020, extension 136. Features of Yellowstone Officers and Councilors National Park—Part 2 The GSA Committee on Nominations requests your help in compiling a list of GSA members qualified for service as officers and councilors of the Society. The committee requests that each nomination be accompanied by The December 1994 forum pre- voirs in the deepest and/or hottest basic data and a description of the qualifications of the individual for the sented three perspectives dealing with parts of the flow system. During subse- position recommended (vice-president, treasurer, councilor). the stewardship and multiple use of quent flow of thermal water from deep Deadline for nominations for 1996 is FEBRUARY 15, 1995. some of our nation’s most visited and reservoirs, characteristics of these more treasured public lands, the impact of conservative species can only be shifted Penrose and Day Medals, and Honorary Fellowship proposed drilling on thermal features significantly by mixing. Mixing models Nominations for 1995 Penrose and Day Medals and for Honorary within Yellowstone National Park. Fed- required to obtain the chemical com- Fellowship in the Society are due by FEBRUARY 1, 1995. eral decision makers are relying increas- positions of La Duke and Bear Creek Young Scientist Award (Donath Medal) ingly on the scientific community to thermal waters from Mammoth-type The Young Scientist Award was established in 1988 to be awarded to a provide input that will result in edu- thermal waters were discussed in WRIR young scientist (35 or younger during the year in which the award is to be cated and defendable decisions. As was 91-4052, but were found to be rela- presented) for outstanding achievement in contributing to geologic knowl- described in last month’s forum, tively complex and unrealistic. The edge through original research that marks a major advance in the earth knowledgable and informed scientists bottom line on this issue, however, is sciences. The award, consisting of a gold medal called the Donath Medal used the available technical informa- that our evaluation of the effects of and a cash prize of $15,000, was endowed by Dr. and Mrs. Fred A. Donath. tion about the geothermal regime in geothermal development in the Cor- For the year 1995, only those candidates born on or after January 1, and about Yellowstone (most of which win Springs area on thermal springs in 1960, are eligible for consideration. In choosing candidates for the Young was presented in the eight chapters of Yellowstone is based on the assumption Scientist Award, scientific achievement and age will be the sole criteria. U.S. Geological Survey [USGS] Water that hydrologic connections could be Nominations for the 1995 award must include Resources Investigations Report 91- established during development; thus, • biographical information, 4052, “Effects of potential geothermal our evaluation does not depend solely • a summary of the candidate’s scientific contributions to geology development in the Corwin Springs on interpretations of the chemical and (200 words or less), Known Geothermal Resource Area, isotopic characteristics of thermal • a selected bibliography (no more than 10 titles), Montana, on the thermal features of waters. • supporting letters from five scientists. Yellowstone National Park,” edited by Differences in Helium Isotopic Ratios Deadline for nominations for 1995 is FEBRUARY 1, 1995. M. L. Sorey [referred to here as “WRIR and Concentrations. R/RA values for 91-4052”]) and reached different helium isotopic ratios (3He/4He) are Distinguished Service Award answers about the impact and merits near 8 in Mammoth thermal waters The GSA Distinguished Service Award was established by Council in of a proposed geothermal drilling ac- but only 0.1 in thermal waters from 1988 to recognize individuals for their exceptional service to the Society. tivity. The two perspectives here are La Duke Hot Spring. Friedman asserted GSA Members, Fellows, Student Associates, or, in exceptional circum- rebuttal responses to the December that this difference results from a large stances, GSA employees may be nominated for consideration. Any GSA 4 presentations. addition of radiogenic He within the member or employee may make a nomination for the award. Awardees flow system leading from beneath the will be selected by the Executive Committee, and all selections must be PERSPECTIVE 4: Mammoth area to La Duke that dilutes ratified by the Council. Awards may be made annually, or less frequently, 3 Rebuttal To Friedman and masks a smaller He component. at the discretion of Council. This award will be presented during the Michael L. Sorey, W. C. Evans, and This assertion is based on higher He Annual Meeting of the Society. Deadline for nominations for 1995 is Yousif K. Kharaka concentrations in gas from the La Duke MARCH 1, 1995. area compared with concentrations In Perspective 3 [GSA Today, reported for samples collected from December 1994] Friedman raised sev- National Awards ground level and downhole samplers eral points of scientific disagreement The deadline is APRIL 30, 1995, for submitting nominations for in well Y-10 at Mammoth. However, with the USGS study and took issue these four awards: William T. Pecora Award, National Medal of Science, the pressure of CO in Y-10 fluid with the conclusion that limited use 2 Vannevar Bush Award, Alan T. Waterman Award. exceeds 5 bar, causing the well to flow of geothermal wells in the La Duke Hot whenever opened to the atmosphere John C. Frye Environmental Geology Award Spring area would have no discernible and degassing to occur at depths above In cooperation with the Association of American State Geologists effect on the hot springs of Yellowstone 55 m. Gas concentrations measured in (AASG), GSA makes an annual award for the best paper on environmental National Park. We present four main samples from this well must therefore geology published either by GSA or by one of the state geological surveys. points of disagreement between Fried- be corrected for prior gas loss to obtain The award is a $1000 cash prize from the endowment income of the GSA man and the authors of WRIR 91-4052. fluid gas concentrations that can be Foundation’s John C. Frye Memorial Fund. The 1995 award will be pre- Degree of Connection Between directly compared to those in thermal sented at the autumn AASG meeting to be held during the GSA Annual Geothermal Systems. Friedman disagrees waters from the La Duke area. Because Meeting in New Orleans. with the interpretation that differences the thermal waters in question are of Nominations can be made by anyone, based on the following criteria: in chemical and isotopic characteristics mainly meteoric origin, all should have (1) paper must be selected from GSA or state geological survey publications, of thermal waters in the Corwin similar concentrations of Ar derived (2) paper must be selected from those published during the preceding three Springs Known Geothermal Resource initially from atmospheric saturation. full calendar years, (3) nomination must include a paragraph stating the Area and in Yellowstone indicate that Gas loss prior to sample collection pertinence of the paper. Mammoth Hot Springs and La Duke results in drastic depletion of Ar as Nominated papers must establish an environmental problem or need, Hot Spring are associated with separate well as He, providing a clear signal that provide substantive information on the basic geology or geologic process geothermal systems, even though both gas loss has occurred and a method of pertinent to the problem, relate the geology to the problem or need, sug- appear to include deep reservoirs quantifying such loss. Methods were gest solutions or provide appropriate land use recommendations based on within Paleozoic carbonate rocks. described in WRIR 91-4052 for gas-con- the geology, present the information in a manner that is understandable His view is that the concentration and centration correction, based on Ar bal- and directly usable by geologists, and address the environmental need or isotopic composition of all chemical ance, to calculate a range of He concen- resolve the problem. It is preferred that the paper be directly applicable by species reflect only water-rock interac- trations for the undegassed fluid. The informed laypersons (e.g., planners, engineers). Deadline for nominations tion during final fluid flow from a corrected He concentrations at Y-10 are for 1995 is MARCH 31, 1995. common deep reservoir to these spring close to those for La Duke thermal areas. This implies that these character- waters, thus severely limiting the istics are controlled by the last rocks extent to which addition of radiogenic the water flows past (or through) 4He could reduce the 3He/4He ratio. before reaching the surface. We main- Accuracy of Determinations of Ther- claims more accuracy than is typically internal standards. Indeed, we might tain, instead, that the characteristics of mal-Water Discharge at La Duke. Fried- obtained by this method. We maintain, have expected more variability in the many chemical species (including Cl, man questioned the accuracy of sulfate however, that for samples that have thermal-water discharge results than B, Br, Li, and 18O enrichments) will be concentrations determined by ion essentially the same chemical compo- was actually observed because of the controlled by reactions within reser- chromatography and argued that sition (matrix), it is possible to make other factors noted in Perspective 2 potential errors in the sulfate determi- sulfate determinations to an accuracy [GSA Today, December 1994]. Instead, nations could result in differences of of +0.2 mg/L for concentrations on the consistent results were obtained for Correction 20%–50% in calculated thermal-water order of 25 mg/L and to minimize six sets of measurements made over a In GSA Today, v. 4, p. 297, second col- discharge rates, greater errors being errors in the determination of differ- range of river flow of 24,000 to 111,000 umn from left, the 23rd line from the associated with periods of greater ences between two sulfate concentra- bottom should be “its author, Rep. Pat stream flow and lower sulfate concen- tions by using special laboratory pro- Williams (D—MT)” trations. We agree that WRIR 91-4052 cedures involving replication and Forum continued on p. 21

GSA TODAY, January 1995 3 GEOHOSTEL 1995 GEOVENTURES Geological History of Southwestern Montana June 17–22, 1995 • 6 days, 6 nights • Western Montana College, Dillon, Montana V Scientific Leader GEOTRIP Robert Thomas, Department of Geosciences, Western Montana College Grand Canyon: Vasey’s Paradise. Currently an assistant professor of geology at Western Montana College, Rob Thomas has Geology of Photo by Andy Griscom been involved in geological field camps in the Dillon area since 1986. A graduate of the the Grand University of Washington, Rob has studied the patterns and processes of Cambrian mass extinctions, but his current research involves the origin and timing of extensional tecton- Canyon— ism in southwestern Montana. Lee’s Ferry to Schedule Pierce Ferry June 17, Saturday ...... Welcoming get-together April 21–28, 1995 June 18-22, Sunday–Thursday ...... Classes and field trips 8 days, 7 nights June 20, Tuesday...... Western Barbecue June 22, Thursday...... Farewell Party Scientific Leaders Stanley Beus, The beautiful Beaverhead Valley of southwestern Montana was visited by the Lewis and Professor Emeritus, Dept. Clark expedition nearly 200 years ago, and human activity has little changed this part of of Geology, Northern Big Sky Country since then. The valley is surrounded by the mountain peaks (>11,000 ft) Arizona University of the Blacktail Deer, Pioneer, Ruby, and Tobacco Root Mountains. The base for our trips Ivo Lucchitta, will be the small college town of Dillon, best known for its abundant wildlife, trout U.S. Geological Survey, streams, pioneer history, and spectacular geology. The GeoHostel will include field trips to Flagstaff, Arizona the fold-and-thrust belt structure in the Beaverhead Valley, Cretaceous intrusions, ore min- eralization and glaciation in the Pioneer Mountains, fossil insects and plants in the Ruby Stan Beus’s research Valley, Cenozoic extensional tectonics along the northern edge of the Yellowstone hotspot includes Paleozoic bio- tract, and thermal features in Yellowstone National Park. Trips we will be both full and stratigraphy, paleontol- half-day. Plenty of leisure time will be available to enjoy the solitude of the “last best ogy, and paleoecology, place” in America. with emphasis on late Paleozoic studies and the geology of the Grand Canyon. Ivo Lucchitta’s interests are: continental extension (from the perspective of Colorado Plateau–Basin and Range interface); history of Grand Canyon and Colorado River; and Quaternary geology and geomorphology, especially as applied to southwestern drainage systems. These leaders, with their enthusiasm for Grand Canyon and its environs, are well prepared to provide you with a unique educational experience.

Schedule A glacial tarn on the high peaks of April 20, Thursday ...... Travel day from home to Las Vegas the Pioneer Mountains, southwestern April 21, Friday ...... Depart Las Vegas for put-in at Lee’s Ferry Montana. Photo by Rob Thomas. April 22-28, Saturday–Friday ...... River days April 28, Friday ...... Take-out at Pierce Ferry (Lake Mead) for bus trip back to Las Vegas Lodging, Meals, Transportation. The group will be lodged for six nights at Western April 29, Saturday ...... Travel day from Las Vegas to home Montana College, Dillon, Montana, single-occupancy (or double for couples) Tapeats Limestone, Bright Angel Shale, Vishnu Schist. Explore the classic stratigraphy dormitory–style rooms. Meals will include breakfast and a sack lunch daily through of one of the world’s most fascinating and accessible geologic records. Although mil- Thursday, western barbecue on Tuesday evening, a farewell dinner on Thursday evening, lions have traveled the Colorado River’s erosional path through the Kaibab plateau, and breakfast on Friday before check-out. Field trip transportation will be in air- GSA’s trip offers a rare combination of expert geological leadership and stimulating conditioned, 15-passenger rental vans. intellectual companionship. Included in the fee (see box) are classroom programs and materials; field trip transporta- Outfitter, Meals, Transportation. Arizona River Runners will be our river com- tion; lodging for six nights; meals outlined above; welcoming and farewell events. pany. We will camp on sand beaches within the canyon and eat three hearty and Not included are air transportation to and from Dillon, Montana; transportation during delicious meals per day. Transportation from Las Vegas to Lee’s Ferry and from Pierce hours outside class and field trips; meals and other expenses not specifically included.♦ Ferry to Las Vegas is by bus. Requirements. Other than sleeping in a tent, or perhaps having to put up with a few hours of rain, there is nothing particularly rigorous about this trip. Activity may GEOHOSTEL be physically demanding, depending on the hikes you choose. Participants should be able to get in and out of a raft with large tubes. The rapids ride is absorbed easily by Scenic Geology of Northwestern Colorado the large motorized rafts. There is no hike or mule ride out. and Dinosaur National Monument Weather. The dates are prior to the commercial season, and only one boat company June 24–29, 1995 • 6 days, 6 nights • Colorado Mountain College and Vernal, Utah can start in this period, so the river and the campsites are more likely to be ours Scientific exclusively. You will be saving several hundred dollars because of the early season Leaders View from Harper’s Corner on the Green River. Canyon of rates. We can expect warm, clear, sunny days with an ambient temperature of 70°F, Gregory Holden Ladore in the background, classic monocline in the foreground. Photo by Ken Kolm and cool nights. and Included in the fee (see box) are guidebooks to the river; geologic guides; transporta- Kenneth Kolm, tion to and from Las Vegas and the river; waterproof bags for clothes; life jacket; Department of Geol- camping gear including two-person tent, sleeping bag and pad, and eating utensils; ogy and Geological continental breakfast before put-in on day 1 and all river meals; soft drinks on the Engineering, Colo- river. Not included are airfare to Las Vegas; nights and meals in Las Vegas; alcoholic rado School of Mines ♦ beverages. Ken Kolm and Greg Holden are among the brightest and 1995 GeoVentures Fee Schedule most refreshing of the younger gener- Name Grand Canyon Montana Colorado Iceland ation of geologists. Type GeoTrip GeoHostel GeoHostel GeoTrip Experienced Geo- Hostel Leaders, Ken Dates April 21–28 June 17–22 June 24–29 July 16–29 and Greg received No. of Days 86614their doctoral Member Fee $1450 $500 $520 $2780 degrees from the University of Nonmember Fee $1550 $550 $570 $2880 Wyoming, and Deposit $250 $100 $100 $250 both are currently associate professors Balance Due March 1 April 15 April 15 April 15 at the Colorado 100% Deposit refund date March 1 April 15 April 15 April 15 School of Mines. (less $20/$50 processing fee)

4 GSA TODAY, January 1995 CALL TODAY! tions, a limited number of rooms are right to require a person to withdraw fax 303-443-4485. 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. HOLD A SPOT FOR YOUR- available at an extra cost on a first-come, from the trip at any time when such MT, Monday through Friday. SELF AND FRIENDS. first-served basis. In the case of double action is determined to be in the best Cancellation Processing Fee: We encourage you to make your decision occupancies, we will do our best to help interests of the health, safety, and general Deposits and payments are refundable as soon as possible. There is high interest find a suitable roommate, but if none is welfare of the group. up to the cut-off time, less processing in these trips, and several people have found, the single rate will apply. Please Special Needs: We will do our best to fees of $20 for GeoHostels and $50 for registered already. read the lodging information. accommodate special needs, including GeoTrips. Termination of a trip in General Fee Information: If you have Age Limitations: In general, the age dietary requirements and physical dis- progress for any reason will not result in been with us previously on a GeoTrip, the limit is 21; however, the age limit is 16 abilities. Please feel free to call and dis- a refund, and no refund will be made for surcharge will be waived. Please remind for the Grand Canyon trip if the partici- cuss your situation with us. unused parts of the trip. us of this when you register. Sorry, there pant is accompanied by a parent. Air Travel: Arrangements are handled Itineraries and Other Information: is no fee waiver for GeoHostels due to Health: You must be in good physical by the individual unless specified as Detailed itineraries for each GeoVenture their low, operation margin. However, if and mental health. Any physical condi- group travel in the description. Cain and helpful travel information are avail- you attend both 1995 GeoHostels, you tion requiring special attention, diet, or Travel, GSA’s official travel agency, is able from GSA. Feel free to call, fax, or will receive a $50 discount. treatment must be reported in writing ready to help you find the least expen- E-mail: Edna Collis, GSA GeoVentures, Single/shared Accommodation: when the reservation is made. We reserve sive routing to your destination. Call P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301; (303) Some trip fees are based on double occu- the right to decline any person as a Cain at 1-800-346-4747 toll free, or (303) 447-2020 or 1-800-472-1988, fax 303- pancy. If you wish single accommoda- member of a trip. We also reserve the 443-2246 collect from outside the U.S., 447-0648, E-mail: [email protected]

GEOTRIP Iceland: Fire and Ice July 16–29, 1995 • 14 days, 15 nights Scientific Leaders Haraldur Sigurdsson, Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island Haukur Johannesson, Natural History Institute, Reykjavik, Iceland A native of Iceland and professor of oceanography, Haraldur Sigurdsson is a leading volcanologist with an international reputation for his research on many aspects of volcanism in Iceland, Italy, Mexico, Colombia, the United States, and Indonesia, among others. Haukur Johannesson has devoted most of his career to the geologic mapping of the uncharted volcanic regions of Iceland. He is an expert in the tectonic structure and origin of the Iceland basalt plateau and is also very knowledgeable about the natural history of Iceland in general. Schedule Iceland: Pjofafoss Waterfall. Photo by Bob Grant July 16, Sunday ...... Travel day from Baltimore or New York to Reykjavik, evening departure on Icelandic Air July 17–29, Mon.–Sat...... Iceland GeoTrip Travel arrangements are being handled by Volcano Tours—TR Consultants, which July 30, Sunday ...... Travel day from Reykjavik to next gateway can help you with plans for your entire itinerary (1-800-923-7422, fax 401- This trip will reveal many unaltered and fresh geologic features that can be seen 247-0270). They will also offer a brief post-trip option to Greenland. nowhere else on land. Expect to acquire a newly expanded understanding of vol- Included in the fee (see box) are all meals in Iceland; double-occupancy lodging; canoes, hotspots, and rifts. There will be great views of steep-walled and flat-topped comfortable bus and ferry transportation; transfers and entrance fees; baggage hyaloclastite ridges derived from subglacial eruption, young hyaloclastite islands handling; geologic road log, and field guidebook. Not included are airfare to and produced by submarine eruptions, great explosion craters, tephra cones, calderas, from Reykjavik; and hotel nights and meals, if any, in Baltimore.♦ blocky obsidian flows, waterfalls descending into the rift valley, and, of course, extraordinary glacial panoramas. Lodging, Meals, Transportation. During most of the trip, the group will stay in country hotels (Edda hotels), rural secondary and high schools operated as simple but comfortable summer hotels. Food will be provided at all lodging locations, plus GEO ENTURES REGISTRATION FORM picnics during the day. Travel will be by four-wheel-drive mountain trail bus and by V car ferry to the volcanic Westmann Islands. If you would like to send a deposit to hold your reservation, please pay by check Air Transportation. The Baltimore gateway has the best connecting flights to most or credit card, which will be used only for this deposit. If all of your payments of North America. Round trip travel from Baltimore to Reykjavik will be on are by check, instead of credit card, you will receive a $25 refund at the end of IcelandicAir. The current group round-trip fare is $748. Trip participants are required the trip. You will receive further information and a confirmation of your regis- to travel on the group flight so that everyone can benefit from the advantages of a tration within one week after we receive your reservation. group reservation. You may use air mile coupons for your domestic flights, however. Name ______Institution/Employer ______Mailing Address ______Schedule June 24, Saturday ...... Welcoming get-together City ______State ____ Country ______ZIP ______June 25–29, Sunday through Thursday ...... Classes and field trips Phone: ( ) ______( ) ______June 29, Thursday ...... Farewell Party Business Home Steamboat Springs, Colorado, in a high, green mountain valley, will be our base for two Guest Name ______loop trips to explore the geology of northwestern Colorado, from Precambrian basement GSA Member # ______Deposit No. of Total to Tertiary volcanic rocks. We’ll also take a three-day trip west to see Dinosaur National Per Person Persons Deposit Monument and the isolated back country that surrounds it. High points of the trip will be remote Brown’s Hole (original hideout of Butch Cassidy’s Wild Bunch), intimate views GT951—Grand Canyon $250 ______into and a raft trip through the deep canyons of Dinosaur National Monument, and a GT952—Iceland $250 ______tour of the dinosaur quarry itself. GH953—Southwestern Montana $100 ______GH954—Northern Colorado $100 ______Lodging, Meals, Transportation. The group will stay on Saturday, Sunday, Wednesday, and Thursday at Colorado Mountain College, Steamboat Springs, in single TOTAL DEPOSIT ______rooms (doubles for couples). Lodging on Monday and Tuesday nights will be at the EconoLodge in Vernal, Utah, in double occupancy accommodations. Single rooms for I’ve enclosed no deposit, but I’m interested. Please send more information. VISA MasterCard American Express Monday and Tuesday nights, are available for the single-supplement fee of $50. Meals will include breakfast and a sack lunch on Sunday, Monday, and Thursday, lunch on Credit Card #______Exp. Date ______Tuesday during the raft float trip or optional van trip, a farewell dinner on Thursday evening, and breakfast on Friday before check-out. Field trip transportation will be in air- Signature ______conditioned, 15-passenger rental vans. Make checks payable to: GSA 1995 GeoVentures Included in the fee (see box) are classroom programs and materials; field trip Please mail Registration Form and check or credit card information to: transportation; lodging for six nights (single occupancy, or double for couples); meals 1995 GSA GeoVentures, GSA Meetings Department outlined above; raft float trip (or optional van trip); welcoming and farewell events. P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301 Not included are air transportation to and from Steamboat Springs, Colorado; trans- Phone: 1-800-472-1988 or (303) 447-2020: ext. 134 or 141 portation during hours outside class and field trips; breakfast on Tuesday; breakfast and E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] ♦ lunch on Wednesday; and other expenses not specifically included. Fax: 303-447-0648

GSA TODAY, January 1995 5 Environmental Meeting—At The Leading Edge Seattle Sandra Rush and Stephanie Pas, Newsroom with a View at the leading edge

Seattle, with its coastline, mountains, Science, Natural His- and varied terrain, was the perfect set- tory, Tacoma News ting for a meeting of geologists. The Tribune, Seattle 5,950 participants at the 1994 GSA Times, and Seattle Annual Meeting enjoyed a program Post-Intelligencer, as that offered environmental issues as a well as local radio primary focus. Regional environmental and television net- Sunny in Seattle, at the start of the topics, such as salmon habitat, waste works, were present. 1994 GSA Annual Meeting. management, and earthquake poten- The Swiss Broadcast- tial, as well as national environmental ing Network and the concerns, dominated a large number London-based New of the 197 sessions at the meeting. Scientist also sent GSA’s Institute for Environmental representatives. On- Education (IEE) led off the meeting on air interviews were Sunday with a well-attended sympo- arranged for sium entitled “Crucial Environmental National Public Issues: Fear and Loathing at the Lead- Radio and CNN ing Edge,” which was cosponsored by radio as well as local GSA’s Geology and Public Policy Com- radio stations, and mittee. This third annual IEE forum the major Seattle-area television sta- aired sometimes opposing views from tions aired news from the meeting. The The 17-meter-long the standpoints of science, policy, eco- local media were particularly interested poster of GLORIA sonar nomics, and the law regarding earth- in a study of the Whidbey Island fault images of sea floor quake awareness and prediction, habi- (Washington) by Sam Johnson of the (Bering Sea, Aleutian tat loss and modification, low-level U.S. Geological Survey, who discovered island arc, and Gulf of radioactive waste disposal, and con- that the fault had been affected by Alaska) drew attention tamination of ground water. large-scale earthquakes and that con- and stimulated discussion. Information on new findings, sig- tinued activity on the island indicates nificant issues, and innovative studies the possibility of future quakes. The were disseminated to the public world- local media also focused on a theme wide through the more than 25 media session on the Pacific Northwest representatives who attended the 1994 salmon population and its relation to reporters an opportunity to interview Through a new computer program, Annual Meeting. Reporters from the geology. A press conference held before David Montgomery and Thomas Paul Markwick of the University of Associated Press, Earth magazine, the formal presentation gave news Dunne of the University of Washing- Chicago traced the global fossil record ton and to find out why the Pacific of crocodiles, alligators, and their rela- Northwest salmon population is so tives over the past 100 million years. reduced. Markwick found that crocodiles thrived Two studies of general public inter- while dinosaurs disappeared at the K-T est received national attention. One boundary 65 million years ago. How- was by University of Michigan geo- ever, climate changes 35 and 1 million chemistry student Henry Fricke, who years ago reduced the crocodile popula- found that oxygen isotopic analysis of tion; therefore, Markwick reasoned, cli- tooth enamel from Viking settlements mate change at the time of the K-T in Greenland reveals evidence of the boundary should also have been evi- temperature drop that coincided with denced in crocodile populations. Europe’s Little Ice Age, thought to have In a special Wednesday evening led to the settlers’ demise. The colder session, Eugene Shoemaker of the U.S. 1994 Awards Ceremony (left to right): F. Michael Wahl, GSA Distinguished Service the climate, the less of the heavier oxy- Geological Survey in Flagstaff kept Award; David Walker, Day Medalist; Dallas Peck, AGI Medal in Memory of Ian gen isotope is contained in precipita- 1,000 geologists spellbound with his Campbell; David Stephenson, 1995 GSA President; An Yin, Young Scientist Award tion, according to Fricke. (Donath Medal); Luna Leopold, Penrose Medal; William Dickinson, 1994 GSA The other study involved the Cre- Seattle continued on p. 7 President. taceous-Tertiary boundary and reptiles.

Employment Issues professional societies all took a crack at The Students’ Corner defining, dissecting, or assessing the Dave Stephenson and I attended topic at hand. A summary of the tea a meeting on November 14 involving Donald M. Davidson, Jr., GSA Executive Director leaves yielded some obvious conclu- Board of Earth Sciences and Resources sions. members of the National Academy, Employment levels throughout presidents and executive directors of President’s Student Forum GSA, and that while not to the extent the earth sciences, particularly in the earth science societies, and appropriate Both Bill Dickinson (past presi- of some other societies, the GSA Foun- United States, are likely to remain guests, mainly geoscientists working as dent) and Dave Stephenson (president) dation does provide matching, compet- steady or diminish with the exception congressional science fellows or within were present to field questions and itive travel awards to students through of “pockets” in environmental geology, various government agencies, e.g., guide dialogue at the President’s the GSA Sections for both annual and which are difficult to define either geo- NSF, DOE. The focus of the sessions Forum, held Wednesday afternoon section meetings up to the limit of graphically or by subdiscipline. Pro- was to develop a dialogue on the topic at the Seattle Annual Meeting. About available funding. More recently, GSA spective employees are expected to of “Education and Employment 50 students attended over the course has supported some undergraduate ex- have skills beyond those associated Trends for Earth Scientists.” Gordon of the event (1.5 hours) as well as sev- penses to the annual meeting through with technical ability, including but Eaton, director of the USGS, provided eral GSA headquarters staff members. its Top Seniors program. (GSA is deeply not limited to foreign language, com- the keynote address, which clearly Three of the issues discussed stand committed to support of student activi- puter, communication, creativity, busi- defined a number of challenges to the out. First was the matter of whether ties and hopes to expand beyond the ness, entrepreneurial, economics, and geoscience community over the man- GSA could provide an orientation ses- current support level as funding per- political. In short, employee adaptabil- ner in which we continue to conduct sion for students who are new to an mits. Students should contact section ity seemed one distinct focus of the business, particularly in higher educa- annual meeting—after all, the meeting secretaries for information. See Student dialogue, while change across all levels tion, as well as the political future of is a major event with a great deal going Travel Grants on p. 7.) of the educational enterprise was the the Survey itself. At the end of the day, on. (GSA staff feels this is an excellent Finally, students raised the ques- other. Bill Fisher (University of Texas, Austin) suggestion, and we wish to make the tion of undergraduate research and Issues addressing the role of earth provided a salubrious counterpoint to orientation process available to all scholarship support. Stephenson re- scientists in the public policy arena Eaton’s keynote in stressing adaptation comers.) sponded that GSA is only able to sup- and the scope of the earth sciences by the earth science community in The matter of whether GSA can port graduate research projects and were also woven into the fabric of the dealing with questions of employment, reduce student registration fees for the modest subsidies for graduate students discussion, as were considerations on training, and the like. Between these annual meetings elicited considerable at Penrose conferences. Other items the nature of the professoriate (e.g., two, groups of speakers representing interest among those assembled. Bill were discussed, but these were the thou shalt not clone Ph.D.s). ■ private-sector industries, governmental Dickinson pointed out that student major issues, and we would welcome and higher education researchers, and registrations are already subsidized by commentary from any of our readers.

6 GSA TODAY, January 1995 Seattle GSA ANNUAL MEETINGS 1994 Statistics at the leading edge 1994 Technical Program 1995 Abstracts submitted ...... 2858 Annual Abstracts presented ...... 2628 New Orleans, Louisiana Abstracts rejected or withdrawn ...... 230 Meeting November 6–9 Percentage of abstracts accepted ...... 92% Ernest N. Morial Poster presentations (including theme posters) . . 650 Oral presentations ...... 1678 Sponsors Convention Center, Oral presentations, discipline sessions ...... 858 Hyatt Regency New Orleans For the Seattle Annual Oral presentations, theme sessions ...... 820 General Chair: William R. Craig, University of New Orleans Oral presentations, symposia ...... 300 Meeting, the following Highest number of concurrent oral sessions . . . . 18 exhibitors generously Technical Program Chair: Laura Serpa, University of New Orleans Field Trip Chair: Whitney Autin, Louisiana State University Registration donated funds to sup- Professional ...... 3636 port the meeting. GSA See November 1994 GSA Today for a complete list of field trips. Student ...... 1418 is most appreciative of Exhibitor ...... 540 this support and thanks 1996 Guest ...... 356 these companies. Total attendance ...... 5950 Denver, Colorado • October 28–31 Short Courses C. C. Filson Co. Colorado Convention Center, Marriott City Center Number of GSA-sponsored courses ...... 12 General Chairs: Kenneth E. Kolm and Gregory S. Holden, Colorado School of Mines Participants ...... 359 Fisons Instruments Technical Program Chair: John D. Humphrey, Colorado School of Mines Field Trips Call for Field Trip Proposals: Please contact the Field Trip Chairs listed below. Number of trips ...... 26 Participants ...... 633 Miners, Inc. Charles L. Pillmore, Ren A. Thompson Exhibits Rockware, Inc. U.S. Geological Survey, MS 913, P.O. Box 25046 Number of booths ...... 229 Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225 Number of exhibiting companies ...... 160 Springer-Verlag phones: Charles A. Pillmore, (303) 236-1240 ; Ren A. Thompson (303) 236-0929 Employment Service Applicants ...... 204 John Wiley & For general information on any meeting call the GSA Meetings Department, Employers ...... 23 Sons, Inc. 1-800-472-1988 or (303) 447-2020, ext. 141; E-mail: [email protected] Interviews ...... 218 Positions available ...... 57 Worth Publishers GSA SECTION MEETINGS

Seattle continued from p. 6 other deep-sea geologic formations. NORTHEASTERN SECTION Many took advantage of the opportu- Radisson Hotel and Conference Center in Cromwell, Hartford, Connecticut, March 20–22, 1995. Information: Gregory McHone, Graduate Liberal Studies Program, Wesleyan University, 255 High slides and personal recollections about nity to experience individual “trips” St., Middletown, CT 06457, (203) 344-7930, fax 203-344-7957. the discovery and tracking of last July’s after the formal presentations. SOUTHEASTERN SECTION spectacular collision of fragments of Three weeks prior to the meeting, Knoxville Hilton Hotel, Knoxville, Tennessee, April 6–7, 1995. Information: Robert D. Hatcher, comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 on the planet each preregistrant was sent the entire Jr., Dept. of Geological Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-1410, (615) 974-2368, Jupiter. technical program on disk (including fax 615-974-2368, E-mail: [email protected]. New technologies made scientific all information except the abstract NORTH-CENTRAL and SOUTH-CENTRAL SECTIONS University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, April 27–28, 1995. Submit completed abstracts to: data more accessible. Visualization itself). The program was also on the David Loope, 332 Bessey Hall, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588-0340, (402) 472-2647. technologies were used for the Hydro- World Wide Web in September. The Abstract Deadline: January 6, 1995. geology Division and COGEOINFO program-on-disk will be accessible for ROCKY MOUNTAIN SECTION theme sessions, and for many of the the Mac and will be available with Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, May 18–19, 1995. Submit completed abstracts most interesting poster presentations. improved sorting routines for 1995, to: David R. Lageson, Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-0348, (406) 994-6913. Abstract Deadline: January 20, 1995. The newest images from April and and use of GSA’s Web home page will CORDILLERAN SECTION October 1994 were available from the be expanded. GSA is planning for University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, May 24–26, 1995. Submit completed abstracts to: Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-band receipt of abstracts via E-mail for 1996. Catherine Hanks, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775-0800, (907) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X- With the Seattle meeting, GSA 474-5562. Abstract Deadline: January 30, 1995. SAR), the most advanced imaging radar became one of the few associations in system to fly in Earth orbit. On Thurs- the country to mail registration badges day the University Navstar Consortium and tickets in advance. Preregistrants Student Travel Grants demonstrated the use of the Global arrived with their badges and tickets, The GSA Foundation will award matching grants up to a total of $3500 each Positioning System, and John Delaney needing only to pick up a program to the six GSA Sections. The money, when combined with equal funds from took his audiences on a virtual field from the Convention Center Lobby, the Sections, will be used to assist GSA Student Associates traveling to the trip to the seafloor of the Juan de Fuca ready to participate in the 1994 meet- 1995 GSA Annual Meeting in New Orleans in November and to the 1995 Ridge, past seamounts, fault scarps, and ing, At the Leading Edge. ■ Section meetings. Contact your Section Secretary for application procedures. Cordilleran ...... Bruce A. Blackerby ...... (209) 278-2955 Rocky Mountain ...... Kenneth E. Kolm ...... (303) 273-3932 North-Central ...... George R. Hallberg ...... (319) 335-4500 Lost at the 1994 Annual Meeting. Irreplaceable dolomite drill core sample from a Thursday afternoon poster session. It was attached by Velcro to a poster South-Central ...... Rena M. Bonem ...... (817) 755-2361 board in Booth 86. If you found this sample please contact the GSA Meetings Northeastern ...... Kenneth N. Weaver ...... (410) 554-5532 Department, (303) 447-2020, ext. 141. Southeastern ...... Harold H. Stowell ...... (205) 348-5098

implies that no modern coastlines within the first few millennia of could have occupied their present posi- Holocene time. Even where no fields tions for more than a few millennia. All were tilled and no flocks tended, aborig- The Times Are coastal ecosystems are made up of inal peoples fired the landscape exten- species which had to migrate prodi- sively and systematically as their pri- Always Changing: gious distances as sea level rose and cli- mary approach to land management. matic regimes shifted latitudinally. Most Holocene environments evolved The Holocene Saga Along deltaic coasts, moreover, from the start of postglacial time with 1994 GSA Presidential Address Holocene progradation reversed initial the impact of human activity as a part William R. Dickinson marine transgression by adding vast of the natural order. tracts of new ground to the margins of As we strive in the future for sus- the continents. All living biotas of tainability of the human condition, we coastal wetlands are ephemeral associa- cannot expect beneficent natural forces tions caught at an arbitrary point along to restore Earth to some fancied ABSTRACT panorama of cultural memory evolved a spectrum of progressive adjustment primeval condition of perpetual bal- over millennia of transition, driven by to changing conditions. Terrestrial ance that is irretrievable because it Most people erroneously view the processes set in motion by deglaciation, ecosystems have endured analogous never existed. Our only option is to modern Holocene environment of their and experienced significant postglacial migrations and modifications as the understand ecosystems and landscape own personal experience as a persistent climatic fluctuations. Holocene land- Holocene interglacial landscape evolution well enough to elect wise condition born in durable form at the scapes were also the first interglacial evolved from Pleistocene antecedents. behavior in the context of a further end of an almost mythical glaciation, landscapes in Earth history influenced Throughout the course of Holocene development of human culture. and subject to fundamental change by the behavior of anatomically mod- environmental changes, people have only through deleterious effects pro- Note: the full text of Bill Dickinson’s ern humans. We were on the scene, been active, manipulating as well as duced by modern industrial civiliza- presidential address, which he gave on devising the cultures that led inex- adapting to their surroundings. The rate tion. We have no more important October 24, 1994, at the GSA Annual orably to varied civilizations, from the of expansion of human cultures around philosophical task as geoscientists than Meeting in Seattle, is in the January issue onset of Holocene time. the postglacial world was remarkably to dispel this widespread illusion of of the Geological Society of America The marked drawdown of global rapid, with civilizations based on agri- global constancy. The Holocene Bulletin (v. 107, no. 1, p. 1–7). ■ sea level during the past glaciation culture extant on all major land masses

GSA TODAY, January 1995 7 New Editors Start Work on GSA Bulletin

Two new science editors for the Geological Society Geissman, a professor in the Department of of America Bulletin begin three-year terms this month: Earth and Planetary Sciences at the University of Lynn M. Walter, University of Michigan, and John W. New Mexico, has taught at UNM since 1984. Before Geissman, University of New Mexico. They succeed that, he was at the Colorado School of Mines. He John E. Costa, U.S. Geological Survey Cascades Vol- received his Ph.D. from the University of Michi- cano Observatory, and Arthur G. Sylvester, University gan, Ann Arbor. His research focuses on paleomag- of California, Santa Barbara; both served two three- netism and rock magnetism related to geologic pro- year terms as Bulletin science editors. cesses. Like Walter, Geissman was in his second Walter has been an associate professor in the term as a Bulletin Associate Editor when he applied Department of Geological Sciences at the University for the editor position. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, since 1989. She had been an The science editors for GSA publications work John W. Geissman Lynn M. Walter assistant professor at Washington University (St. closely with headquarters staff in Boulder, Col- Louis, Missouri) and a research assistant professor at orado, to ensure that submitted manuscripts are the University of Miami (Florida), where she earned critically reviewed and in appropriate format for the salary for their work, but GSA pays their Bulletin- her Ph.D. in marine geology. She categorizes her journals or books. The Bulletin editors enlist a panel related expenses. range of research expertise as surficial process of Associate Editors to help them determine what All manuscripts submitted to the journal must geochemistry—hydrogeochemistry, sediment diagen- papers should be published in the journal. In 1994, be sent to: Bulletin, Geological Society of America, esis, and sedimentology. She has been an Associate on average, 15 manuscripts per month were submit- 3300 Penrose Place (for courier mail) or P.O. Box Editor of the Bulletin for several years. ted to the Bulletin. The science editors receive no 9140, Boulder, CO 80301, not to the science editors. ■ pppp

journal. As one of the few noncommer- in the assessment of manuscripts con- Greetings! cial, general journals remaining in geo- sidered for the Bulletin. We will make science, it occupies a unique niche. every effort to reduce the time manu- John Wm. Geissman, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 2. We solicit integrative, innova- scripts spend in review without sacrific- University of New Mexico, Internet: [email protected] tive contributions that deal with all ing the rigor of the review process. aspects of the earth sciences. In particu- Our editorial assistants are Cather- Lynn M. Walter, Department of Geological Sciences, University of lar, we encourage contributions that ine Ratcliff at the University of New Michigan, Internet: [email protected] deal with topical arenas of geoscience Mexico and Victoria C. Hover at the research such as, but not limited to, University of Michigan. Both women global and environmental change, have degrees in the geosciences and are paleoclimate, and active tectonics. themselves authors of geoscience con- As the new co-editors of the Geo- the Bulletin into a journal that best fits Critical reviews of current research in tributions. ■ logical Society of America Bulletin, we the rapidly changing needs of profes- areas of widespread interest are also look forward to serving the Society as it sional earth scientists. welcome. heads into the 21st century. We already We have given considerable 3. We do not view the Bulletin as are seeing changes in our profession: thought to our approach to handling solely an “archival” journal containing how we do science, how our science is the challenging task in front of us. We only lengthy reports. We encourage funded, how the importance of our sci- have received numerous comments brevity and emphasize that such prac- ence is measured, and last, but by no from Society members about what the tice will expedite the review and publi- means least, how our science is pub- Bulletin should or should not be. We cation process. We plan to maintain lished. Through these changes we will appreciate the input and encourage Now you can order flexibility in the length of contribu- strive to maintain the Bulletin as a pre- your continued feedback. The follow- tions published in the Bulletin. Geological Society of mier geoscience journal. (Over the past ing general comments reveal some of 4. Besides the authors, the real America (GSA) books & 10 years, the journal impact factor for our philosophical and professional workers behind the making of the Bul- the Bulletin, as well as Geology, has been viewpoints, which will influence our maps from the letin are the reviewers and the Associate in the top ten percentile of all ranked joint editorship. Editors. We emphasize that your efforts geoscience journals.) We also want to 1. As GSA members, we should Geological Society of London will be taken into utmost consideration be flexible and innovative in molding remember that the Bulletin is our Publishing House in Bath, England

Since February 1993, The Geological Society of London (GSL) has been the official distributor for the GSA’s books, maps, and tran- sects throughout the United Kingdom and Europe. They stock a large inventory of GSA publications at Bath, England, ready for immediate shipment. If you reside in the United Kingdom or Europe, consider ordering our publications from Bath. Your orders are filled at the GSA’s regular prices, and you’ll receive your publications much faster from the GSL than if you order from the U.S. Members of the GSA may still claim their membership discount when ordering from Bath. To order from Bath, contact: The Geological Society Publishing House Unit 7, Brassmill Enterprise Centre Brassmill Lane Bath BA1 3JN (U.K.) Telephone (0225) 445046; FAX (+44 225) 442836

8 GSA TODAY, January 1995 The Future Lies Behind Us Institute for Environmental Education Public Information and Education Techniques Workshops Fred A. Donath Executive Director, GSA Institute for Environmental Education APPLICATION FORM Name ______Address ______As geologists, we are traditionally great impact on the human condition. ______taught to look at the present as the key Geologists would be well advised to Phone ______to the past. But, we are, in fact, travel- look also to the past in a very different ing along a two-way street. We can also way if they truly value their profession Workshop (please check preference) look to the past to interpret geologic and the opportunities it has provided Sunday, March 19, 1995—Hartford, Connecticut (Northeastern Section) features we observe in the present. In them. For, the future of the science can Saturday, April 8, 1995—Knoxville, Tennessee (Southeastern Section) recent years, geologists grappling with also be seen in the past. Saturday, April 29, 1995—Lincoln, Nebraska (North-Central and South-Central Sections) diverse environmental challenges such Saturday, May 20, 1995—Bozeman, Montana (Rocky Mountain Section) as the future performance of geologic The Absence of Input Future Workshop (to be scheduled) environments for hazardous waste dis- Science, particularly funding for A completed GEPOP Network Enrollment Form posal or the prediction of earthquakes, major scientific initiatives, was domi- MUST accompany this application form. mass movements, and other geologic nated in the several decades of the hazards, have studied past events and “Cold War” by concerns over national Send to: Geological Society of America, Institute for Environmental Education, processes to gain insights into future security. Science in the immediate P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301; fax 303-447-1133 events and processes. Thus, geology has future will be dictated by its ability been evolving into a predictive science to address current societal concerns— to better serve the needs of society. many of which are environmental— Although lacking precision in its pre- science without knowing what geo- on matters of the environment, and to and to be “relevant.” Geoscience is dictive capabilities, geology neverthe- science has to offer. I strongly believe, promote the “application of geology not well represented in the develop- less offers the best means of under- further, that the cornerstone of public to the wise use of Earth.” An important ment of major legislation and national standing and forecasting those natural education is K–12 education. That is aspect of that mission involves assist- initiatives dealing with matters ger- events and processes that can have why GSA’s Science Awareness through ing the geologic community in educat- mane to the discipline. Biological sci- Geoscience Education (SAGE) is so ing itself on environmental matters. It entists commonly fail to recognize the important. But we must do more. We does that through the sponsorship of often predominant role of geologic pro- cannot afford to wait for a decade to forums, symposiums, theme sessions, cesses in affecting habitat, engineers see the results of our efforts in primary and workshops at GSA annual and sec- Donath Steps Down can overlook the sometimes control- and secondary education realized in an tion meetings. ling influence of natural processes as as Executive Director informed public. Nor can we abandon To aid and encourage communica- they design major projects, and predic- our efforts after graduation. Too many tion both within and beyond the geo- of IEE tions of future performance of geologic pressing environmental problems logic community into the private and sites for hazardous waste disposal are Fred A. Donath, who played a already exist and will continue to public sectors, IEE has established the not uncommonly made by applied major role in establishing GSA’s Insti- appear. Recent natural events have Geology and Environment Public Out- mathematicians and others with lim- tute for Environmental Education, caused monumental losses and untold reach Program (GEPOP), described in ited understanding of geologic media has resigned his position as its exec- emotional stress. Other environmental the February 1994 issue of GSA Today. and processes. Why is geology—so utive director. For the past four issues threaten to polarize the public In building its network of individuals integral to the understanding needed years, Donath contributed virtually and lead to exorbitant and unnecessary and organizations, IEE has received to deal effectively with such matters— full time to further the mission and costs while causing acrimonious stag- positive response and now has strong so often missing or ineffectively repre- objectives of IEE through programs nation. These realities and potential representation in every GSA Section. sented? How can that be changed? Sci- such as the IEE Annual Environmen- consequences reflect an absence of For more efficient and selective distri- ence will move on with or without us. tal Forum and the Geology and Envi- geological input, and they illustrate bution of information appropriate to What can we do to assure our mean- ronment Public Outreach Program. the need for GSA’s Institute for Envi- participants’ interests, IEE has devel- ingful participation? At the American Geological Insti- ronmental Education. Now is the time oped a computerized data base that tute’s ceremony in Seattle honoring to respond, and the public education permits sorting based on geographic prominent American geoscientists, Public Education Provides an Avenue needed to ameliorate or prevent such location, societal affiliations, expertise, Donath received AGI’s Award for effects is an important objective of IEE. professional applications and interests, Outstanding Contribution to the My rhetorical questions might and other variables (see GEPOP Net- Public Understanding of Geology. have no simple answers, but our past IEE and GEPOP Program work Enrollment Form below). The Donath has more than 35 years actions—or lack thereof—should not be Development data base will be maintained at GSA experience in geoscience studies and taken as a template for the future. It is headquarters in Boulder, Colorado, and IEE’s stated mission is to serve as research. As a geology professor at my conviction that the answer to my an educational interface between the Columbia University, he gained second question lies in public educa- geological community and the public Future continued on p. 10 international recognition for his con- tion. The public will not look to geo- tributions to studies of earth faulting and folding, sedimentary rock dia- genesis, and experimental rock deformation. Later, he became head The Institute for Environmental Education of the Geology Department at the University of Illinois at Urbana- Geology and Environment Public Outreach Program Champaign, and also served as the GEPOP Network Enrollment Form founding editor of the Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. Dur- Name: ______Title:______ing the 1980s, Donath worked as a private consultant before joining the Mailing Address: ______Earth Technology Corporation in Telephone: ______Fax: ______E-Mail: ______California as principal geoscientist and, later, vice president of research ORGANIZATION (select one) POSITION (select one) GSA SECTION MEMBERSHIP (select one) and development. Academia Administrator Cordilleran Section He gained extensive experience Consulting firm Applied scientist North-Central Section in the area of high-level radioactive Government, nonregulatory Consultant Northeastern Section waste management and disposal Government, regulatory Educator Rocky Mountain Section and served as a resource person for Industry Engineer South-Central Section the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Com- Nonprofit Manager Southeastern Section mission, the U.S. Department of Retired Professor Energy, and the President’s Intera- Secondary education Research scientist gency Review Group for the Isolation Self-employed Student Please fill out both sides of Nuclear Waste. He has testified Other (please specify) Other (please specify) before the U.S. Senate and U.S. ______Nuclear Regulatory Commission on nuclear waste problems, and, most AFFILIATION(S) (check all that apply) recently, has been a member of the AAAS (Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci.) AWG (Assoc. Women Geoscis.) NAGT (Nat. Assoc. Geol. Teachers) Environmental Management Advi- AAPG (Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol.) CMS (Clay Mineral Soc.) NESTA (Nat. Earth Sci. Teachers Assoc.) sory Board of the U.S. Department AEG (Assoc. Engineering Geol.) GIS (Geosci. Info. Soc.) NWWA (Nat. Water Well Assoc.) of Energy. AGID (Assoc. Geoscis. Int’l. Devel.) GS (Geochemical Soc.) SEG (Soc. Economic Geol.) GSA Executive Director Don- AGU (Am. Geophysical Union) GSA (Geol. Soc. Am.) SEPM (Soc. Sed. Geol.) ald M. Davidson, Jr., will serve tem- AIH (Am. Inst. Hydrology) MSA (Mineralog. Soc. Am.) SSA (Seismological Soc. Am.) porarily as acting director of IEE. AIPG (Am. Inst. Prof. Geol.) NABGG (Nat. Assoc. Black Geol. Geophys.) SSSA (Soil Science Soc. Am.)

GSA TODAY, January 1995 9 Ice Sheets continued from p. 1 as late Pliocene age—3.1 to 2.5 Ma; EVIDENCE FROM DEEP-SEA than today (Shackleton and Kennett, Webb and Harwood, 1991) in sedi- SEDIMENTS 1975; Hodell and Venz, 1992; Shackle- topography and by the westerly surface mentary deposits of the Sirius Group, ton et al., 1994). Different views exist, If such major warming and degla- wind stress, which is strongly depen- found at high altitudes (~2000–2500 however, as to the magnitude of tem- ciation occurred during the Pliocene, dent upon land-mass distribution m) in the Transantarctic Mountains. perature and ice reduction represented clear evidence should exist in marine (Gordon, 1988). These critical tectonic The Sirius Group consists of lodgment by the oxygen isotopic signal. At one sediments from the Southern Ocean factors were not appreciably different tills interbedded with glaciofluvial, extreme, Raymo (1992) suggested major and in glacioeustatic changes on conti- during the Pliocene than today (Lawver glaciolacustrine, and colluvial sedi- Antarctic deglaciation (50% reduction nental margins. Results from deep-sea et al., 1992). Faunal and sedimentologi- ments containing fossil plant material in ice) during the early Pliocene, drilling in the Southern Ocean have led cal data indicate strong stability in the representing evidence for remarkable whereas Kennett (1977) argued for to major advances in the understand- position of the circumpolar current warmth, even as close as 500 km from relative stability of the ice sheets. ing of climate, oceanography, and the during the late Neogene; northward the South Pole (Webb and Harwood, Hodell and Venz (1992) provided biota of the Antarctic continent and and southward migrations of the Polar 1991; Hill and Truswell, 1993). The critical constraints on estimates of the surrounding ocean (Kennett and Bar- Front zone have been minor in relation diatoms are inferred to have lived in magnitude of Pliocene ice volume and ron, 1992). Marine sedimentary evi- to the vast breadth of the Southern marine basins within the Antarctic temperature change, using high-resolu- dence presented here supports relative Ocean (Lazarus and Caulet, 1993). craton and, together with associated tion oxygen isotopic records of benthic stability of the Antarctic cryosphere- The net effect of the relatively stable basinal sediments, were carried up the and planktonic foraminifera from climate-ocean system during the late position of the Antarctic circumpolar Transantarctic Mountains by develop- Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site Neogene. Geomorphological evidence current has been long-term thermal ing ice sheets after ~2.5 Ma, the age of 704 in the Subantarctic sector (47°S) from the continent also indicates that insulation of the Antarctic continent the youngest diatoms in Sirius sedi- of the southeast Atlantic (Fig. 3). Com- hyperarid, cold desert conditions have and resulting stability of the Antarctic mentary rock. pared with earlier results, this record persisted on Antarctica since about cryosphere. Other evidence cited in support has proven crucial for interpretations the middle Miocene (Fig. 2; Marchant of the deglaciation hypothesis includes of ice-sheet history because both plank- et al., 1993; Denton et al., 1993), with Deglaciation Hypothesis vertebrate fauna and δ18O of bivalves tonic and benthic foraminifera were little temperature increase above mod- and the Sirius Group from the Vestfold Hills (Quilty, 1993), analyzed from a high-latitude location. ern values. highstands of sea level during the mid- Prior to 3.2 Ma in the Pliocene, benthic More recently, workers have dle Pliocene (Haq et al., 1988; Dowsett δ18O values were always less than or proposed a competing hypothesis Pliocene Climatic History: and Cronin, 1990), and warming of equal to Holocene values (i.e., 3‰) (“deglaciation”) suggesting that pre- Oxygen Isotopic Evidence Antarctic surface waters inferred from and fluctuated by only ~0.5‰. The Pleistocene ice sheets were smaller and Pliocene planktonic microfossil assem- One of the most useful tools for full range of the planktonic oxygen iso- of lower profile than today and were blages (Abelman et al., 1990; Ishman estimating past changes in temperature topic variations (0.75‰) were slightly formed in much warmer conditions and Rieck, 1992). and global ice volume is the measure- greater than the benthic fluctuations, (Webb and Harwood, 1991; Barrett The deglaciation hypothesis ment of stable isotopes of oxygen in reflecting larger surface-water tempera- et al., 1992). This model also invokes implies that the Antarctic ice sheets foraminiferal tests. Since the δ18O of ture changes. However, minimum large changes in the volume of the are unstable and susceptible to decay calcite is dependent on both the tem- foraminiferal δ18O values were never Antarctic cryosphere; reductions to during times of warm climatic condi- perature and oxygen isotopic composi- more than 0.5‰ to 0.6‰ lower than about two-thirds of the present size tions such as those reached during tion of seawater (controlled largely by Holocene values (i.e., 2.3‰). The δ18O of the East Antarctic ice sheet during the Pliocene. By analogy, Barrett (1991) ice volume), separating the temperature signal from Site 704 can be interpreted Pliocene intervals, complete loss of the suggested that the ice sheets may be- and ice volume signals has proven diffi- to represent either a maximum 2.5 °C West Antarctic ice sheet, and consider- come unstable at elevated CO levels cult for paleoclimatic reconstructions. warming of Subantarctic surface waters able warming (>5 °C) of Antarctic sur- 2 and temperatures predicted to be Increased temperature and reduced or a maximum 60% reduction in conti- face waters. Support for major deglacia- extant, due to global warming, by global ice volume have long been in- nental ice volume (Hodell and Venz, tion and warming of Antarctica is the year 2100. ferred for the early Pliocene from oxy- largely inferred from the presence of gen isotopic values that were lower Ice Sheets continued on p. 11 reworked oceanic diatoms (as young

Future continued from p. 9 affiliatory diversity—with insights and loy. Both have extensive experience in metropolitan New York news area. He information on such topics as what media interface training. Yannacone is has first-hand knowledge about highly information will be made available to is newsworthy; how to make news, an environmental lawyer whose past controversial news issues and the inter- participants through the World Wide become news, present news, and dis- experience includes successful litiga- face of federal, state, and local political Web on the Internet, or through direct tribute news; how to select the most tion related to banning the use of DDT, jurisdictions with their concomitant requests to IEE. effective medium for a story; news as saving the Florissant (Colorado) Fossil bureaucratic turf wars. Among geo- At the GSA Annual Meeting in public information and education; Beds, and filing the initial class action science topics he covers on a regular Seattle, IEE sponsored its first workshop ethical obligations and responsibilities; complaint that later became known as basis are ground-water remediation and on public information and education and establishing credibility with the the Agent Orange litigation. Molloy is the effects of pollution on sole-source techniques. The objectives were to pro- media. an award-winning journalist and edi- aquifers, the impact of storms and lit- vide a group of geoscientists—repre- The workshop in Seattle was led by tor-in-chief of a chain of weekly news- toral drift on barrier beaches, and the senting geographic, disciplinary, and Victor J. Yannacone, Jr., and Kevin Mol- papers on Long Island within the effects of salinity changes in estuarine environments.

EXPERTISE (check all that apply) PROFESSIONAL ADDITONAL CATEGORY POTENTIAL GEPOP ROLES Future Involvement APPLICATION INTERESTS (check all that apply) (check all that apply) Archaeological geology The success of the Seattle ______Education ___ Ongoing Activities Computers/mathematical geology endeavor, as indicated by postwork- Education, primary Media liaison Economic geology shop comments of the participants, Engineering geology Education, secondary Leadership liaison has led to the planning of four addi- Environmental geology Education, higher Info clearinghouse Education, public Speakers’ bureau tional media workshops this spring in Geochemistry, aqueous/organic ______Geochemistry, other Natural Science Network coordination conjunction with the GSA Section ___ Geoscience education/information Ecosystem management Events meetings in Hartford, Connecticut, Geophysics/tectonophysics Energy resources Organization Knoxville, Tennessee, Lincoln, Ne- Hydrogeology Engineering Publicity braska, and Bozeman, Montana. Victor Hydrology Hazard mitigation Speaking Yannacone and Kevin Molloy will Marine geology Land use management Teaching again lead the workshops, which will Mineral resources Materials preparation Mineralogy include “hands-on” activity in which Remediation ___ Ideas Paleoceanography/paleoclimatology participants practice the techniques. Paleontology/paleobotany Restoration, ground-water Network recruitment Enrollments for the individual work- Petroleum geology Restoration, habitat Issue identification Petrology, igneous/metamorphic Waste management Topic identification shops will necessarily be limited, but Water resources Sponsor identification all interested geoscientists are encour- Quaternary geology ______Geomorphology/physical geography Social Science aged to submit an application even if Remote sensing/GIS Community relations Other (please specify) they are not available for the currently Sedimentary geology Decision making ______scheduled workshops. The application Soil science Dispute resolution ______form is printed on p. 9 of this issue of Stratigraphy Economics, environmental GSA Today. Ethics, environmental IEE is interested in your ideas Structural geology/tectonics If you are interested in participat- Ethics, professional on topics, audiences, and Volcanology ing in the IEE public outreach program Other (please specify) Journalism, environmental activities for the outreach on geology and the environment, or ______Law, environmental program, and on your in- ______Planning, land use sights regarding obstacles to simply wish to be kept informed about Policy development environmental decision mak- IEE activities, please complete the Send to: Geological Society of America Regulatory development ing. Referrals of people or GEPOP Network Enrollment Form on Institute for Environmental Education Sustainable development other relevant programs are P.O. Box 9140 p. 9 and 10 and mail or fax it to the also welcome. Use a separate ■ Boulder, CO 80301 Other (please specify) address on the form. sheet if necessary. Thank you. Fax: 303-447-1133 ______

10 GSA TODAY, January 1995 Figure 3. Oxygen iso- by 5 m, and melting of the Greenland related to major continental deglacia- topic record of benthic ice sheet would raise sea level by 7.4 m. tion, nor were they necessarily related (Cibicidoides) and plank- We assume that the Greenland ice to major changes in ice-sheet volume. tonic (Globigerina bul- loides) foraminifers from sheet would not have survived in the ODP Site 704 (Hodell case of major melting of Antarctic ice. Ice-Sheet History: and Venz, 1992). The With the exception of that of Haq et al. Ice-rafted Detritus vertical lines represent (1988), most estimates of sea-level rise The presence of ice-rafted detritus the present Holocene would not permit total deglaciation (IRD) in sediments far to the north of values at Site 704 for of Antarctica during the Pliocene. A the Antarctic continent in northern Cibicidoides (3.0‰) reduction in Antarctic ice volume to Antarctic and Subantarctic waters is a and G. bulloides (2.3‰). two-thirds of present volume, as sug- clear indication of major continental Note that during the gested by Webb and Harwood (1991), Pliocene prior to ~3.0 ice sheets. IRD is transported far north- would require a sea-level rise of ~54 m Ma, δ18O values were ward when icebergs are common and (47 m for East Antarctica; 7 m for generally less than Holo- sea-surface temperatures cold enough Greenland). cene values, indicating to prevent rapid melting. IRD is absent Stratigraphic studies at Enewetak less ice volume and/or or rare far to the north of the continent higher temperatures in Atoll indicate early Pliocene sea-level during times of reduced continental the Subantarctic than highstands up to 29–36 m above that glaciation and a warmer Southern today. The minimum of the present (Wardlaw and Quinn, Ocean. A reduction in Antarctic ice δ18O values, however, 1991). Similarly, Krantz (1991) esti- volume by two-thirds and an increase are only 0.6‰ less than mated early Pliocene sea-level high- in Southern Ocean sea-surface tempera- those of the Holocene, stands up to 25–35 m for the U.S. Mid- and the amplitude of the ture by more than 5 °C would have led dle Atlantic coastal plain. For the same signal is dampened, indi- to a major decrease in the flux of IRD region, Dowsett and Cronin (1990) cating relative climatic and a southward contraction in its estimated a sea-level highstand of 35 stability. The deglaciation distribution. ± 18 m between 3.5 and 3.0 Ma. The hypothesis (see right column) predicts warming of 5 °C and ~60% reduction in Antarctic ice The stratigraphic distribution of volume, which would result in minimum δ18O values ~1.85‰ less than those of the Holocene; oxygen isotopic records do not neces- IRD was presented quantitatively by such low values are not observed in the record. sarily preclude a maximum sea-level Warnke et al. (1992) for late Neogene rise of 35 m (= 0.35‰ assuming a late Subantarctic sequences of the South Pleistocene δ18O ice volume calibra- Atlantic (50°S). IRD in this area was tion), but the amount of warming transported in icebergs from the Wed- Ice Sheets continued from p. 10 would be too small (1.4 °C at most or Pliocene Sea-Level History dell Sea area. In the southwest Atlantic equivalent to 0.35‰) to have caused (ODP Sites 699 and 701), IRD first 1992). The most reasonable interpreta- Evidence for marine transgressions major Antarctic deglaciation in the first appeared at ~6 Ma and has been pre- tion is that the lower δ18O values re- has been widely reported for the Plio- place. Average sea-surface warming of sent continuously, although in varying flect both increased temperature and cene (Haq et al., 1988; Dowsett and 2 °C at high southern latitudes and sea amounts, up to the present time decreased ice volume. This is because Cronin, 1990). These sea-level high- level 25 m higher than today are con- (Fig. 4). The IRD record in Antarctic it is unlikely that major deglaciation stands were almost certainly glacio- ceivable for brief periods during the of the East Antarctic and possibly the eustatic in origin, but the absolute Pliocene. However, the amount of West Antarctic ice sheets could have magnitude of the sea-level rise is warming and deglaciation would have Ice Sheets continued on p. 12 occurred in the absence of significant debated. Haq et al. (1988) estimated been less than these maximum esti- Antarctic warming (Huybrechts, 1992). the rise to be up to 60 m, a figure con- mates in most of the Pliocene. A 0.6‰ decrease in oceanic δ18O sidered too high by other workers (e.g., Sea-level changes during Pliocene- might potentially reflect a 60% reduc- Greenlee and Moore, 1988). Melting Pleistocene time led to multiple ice- tion in Antarctic ice volume, but only of all Antarctic ice would raise sea level sheet grounding episodes over the in the absence of any increase in tem- by about 70 m, melting of just the West Antarctic continental shelf (Alonso perature, which we believe is unten- Antarctic ice sheet would raise sea level et al., 1992), but these events were not able. The “deglaciation” hypothesis predicts an increase in high-latitude surface-water temperatures of 5 °C and a two-thirds reduction in Antarctic ice volume (Webb and Harwood, 1991). This amount of warming and deglacia- tion would result in a decrease of ~1.85‰ in δ18O values, compared to the observed decrease of only ~0.6‰. The melting of only one-third of the Antarctic cryosphere would cause a decrease of ~0.3‰ in ocean δ18O values, but the remaining ~0.3‰ decrease would represent a maximum surface-water temperature increase of only ~1.5 °C. The upshot is that the observed oxygen isotopic changes in the early Pliocene of the Subantarctic are insufficient to accommodate both substantial Southern Ocean warming and major deglaciation. The relatively small amplitude of the δ18O signal during the Pliocene (~±0.25‰) indicates that the Antarctic climate system, as reflected in ocean water temperatures and ice volume, operated within relatively narrow lim- its during the early Pliocene (Hodell and Venz, 1992). The Pliocene varia- tion in δ18O (0.5‰–0.6‰) represents only about one-third of the 1.6‰ to 1.8‰ signal observed during the late Pleistocene. The dampened nature of the Pliocene δ18O signal also is sup- ported by high-resolution records of Pliocene benthic δ18O variations from an eastern equatorial Pacific drilled site (Shackleton et al., 1994). The mini- mum benthic δ18O values during the early Pliocene at this site were also only ~0.6‰ to 0.7‰ less than today’s value. This permits major decreases in ice volume only in the absence of warming of deep Pacific waters (Shackleton et al., 1994).

GSA TODAY, January 1995 11 Ice Sheets continued from p. 11 warmer waters had displaced cold Antarctic waters far to the south during waters of the Kerguelen Plateau (ODP the Pliocene, the Antarctic biota would Site 751; 58°S; Breza, 1992) and Maud have lost much of its endemism. Rise (65°S; Kennett and Barker, 1990) Instead, biotic exchange between shows an upward increase in IRD abun- Antarctica and lower latitudes has been dance during the early Pliocene. The very limited. For instance, Antarctic Pliocene was marked by persistent waters have been marked by strong delivery of IRD in many parts of the endemic radiolarian faunas since the Southern Ocean, with no suggestion middle Miocene (Lazarus and Caulet, of significant reduction in the north- 1993). The modern Antarctic inverte- ward distribution of iceberg sediment brate and vertebrate fauna contain transport (Warnke et al., 1992). This abundant taxa exhibiting considerable almost certainly would have occurred specialization to the environmental in response to large-scale deglaciation extremes, suggestive of long-term of Antarctica. The records indicate con- environmental stability. Such stability tinued existence of major continental is also suggested by within-site inverte- ice sheets on Antarctica during the brate diversity as high as anywhere in Pliocene. the world (Clarke and Crame, 1989). Figure 4. Apparent mass accumulation rate (AMAR) of coarse-grained ice-rafted detritus (IRD) Pliocene warming must have been of Pliocene History of at ODP Site 699 (lat 51°32.5'S, long 30°40.6'W) and 701 (51°9.1'S, 23°12.7'W) from the Sub- insufficient magnitude to reverse devel- the Polar Front (Opal- antarctic sector of the southwest Atlantic Ocean (from Warnke et al., 1992). The persistent oping endemism of the Antarctic biota, Carbonate Transition) occurrence of IRD in the Subantarctic throughout the Pliocene argues against major deglaciation including plankton (Barron and Bal- of the Antarctic continent. dauf, 1989; Abelmann et al., 1990; The Polar Front zone is marked by Lazarus and Caulet, 1993). a transition from biosiliceous produc- tivity and diatom ooze to the south to Terrestrial Vegetation: dominantly biocalcareous productivity Southern Ocean, and calcareous micro- debated. Estimates for average Antarctic Marine Sediment Evidence and foram-nannofossil ooze to the fossils remained rare to absent in Plio- surface-water temperatures range from north. Deep water wells up south of the cene sediments (Lazarus and Caulet, >~10 °C, from silicoflagellates (Ciesiel- Except for occasional reworked zone and creates weakly stratified, 1993). Experimental studies indicate ski and Weaver, 1974), to ~5 to 10 °C, palynomorphs, pollen and spores are chemically homogeneous waters of that sediment-forming calcareous based on radiolarians and diatoms absent in late Neogene Southern Ocean the Antarctic circumpolar current. nannoplankton do not form coccoliths (Abelmann et al., 1990), to <3 °C, sequences (Burckle and Pokras, 1991). The upwelling results in high diatom (calcareous platelets) at temperatures based on an absence of calcareous If major deglaciation had occurred dur- productivity and formation of the below 3 °C (Burckle and Pokras, 1991). nannofossils (Burckle and Pokras, ing the Pliocene, it is likely that vegeta- biosiliceous ooze belt. The history Furthermore, coccoliths are almost 1991). These estimates compare with tion would have been present, at least of the Antarctic biosiliceous belt is completely absent in sediments south average modern sea-surface tempera- in coastal areas, supplying pollen and well known from deep-sea drilled sites. of the Polar Front today. Absence of tures of ~1 °C in winter and <3.5 °C in spores to nearby marine sediments. Siliceous biogenic sediments appeared calcareous nannofossils in Antarctic summer. In close agreement with Bur- This would be expected especially if in the Antarctic during the late Oligo- Pliocene sedimentary deposits suggests ckle and Pokras (1991), our interpreta- the fossil vegetation associated with cene–early Miocene, reflecting a pro- that surface-water temperatures were tions of oxygen isotopic data suggest high-altitude Sirius deposits is of gressive increase in upwelling, as a then also lower than 3 °C. The sedi- that Pliocene Antarctic sea-surface Pliocene age as interpreted by Webb result of the development of circum- mentologic data provide no compelling temperatures were higher than those and Harwood (1991). No evidence of polar flow when the Drake Passage evidence to support major southward of today but lower than 3 °C. If δ18O terrestrial vegetation has been found opened (Kennett and Barker, 1990). migration of the biosiliceous belt dur- values in Site 704 are interpreted in numerous sites drilled close to the On Maud Rise, for example, sedimenta- ing the Pliocene, implying that a broad solely as a temperature signal, then continent. The youngest pollen assem- tion was almost exclusively biosiliceous zone of cold Antarctic waters contin- Subantarctic waters were no more than blages reported from Antarctica that from the middle late Miocene to the ued to isolate the continent. 2.5 °C warmer than today. unequivocally reflect coeval continen- Quaternary. This and other evidence The Southern Ocean biota is tal vegetation are Oligocene in age indicates that the biosiliceous belt, and Planktonic Microfossils and among the most distinctive on Earth. (Truswell, 1986; Mildenhall, 1989). presumably the Antarctic circumpolar Antarctic Surface–Water It contains a very high level of en- The absence of Neogene pollen has current, has remained well established Temperatures demism in many taxonomic groups, generally been interpreted to reflect far north of the Antarctic continent reflecting relative isolation of the fauna the demise of continental vegetation Early Pliocene siliceous planktonic since at least the late Miocene. since the formation of the Polar Front during the middle Cenozoic in microfossil assemblages in Antarctic A major warming and southward zone (Clarke and Crame, 1989). A large response to the development of the waters have long been considered retreat of the Polar Front zone during fraction of the Antarctic siliceous micro- Antarctic cryosphere (Truswell, 1986). indicative of temperatures warmer the Pliocene would have caused a fossil planktonic assemblage from the than the present day (Ciesielski and southward retreat of the siliceous-cal- early Pliocene consists of endemic Weaver, 1974; Abelmann et al., 1990). careous boundary. Instead, biosiliceous species (Barron and Baldauf, 1989; However, the amount of warming is Ice Sheets continued on p. 13 sediments continued to dominate the Abelmann et al., 1990). If significantly

Penrose Conference Scheduled margin of Laurentia has been proposed ited support is planned for qualified as a source for the exotic terrane. graduate students. The Argentine Precordillera: Confirmation of an eastern or Formal invitations will be mailed southeastern Laurentian source for in May 1995. Co-conveners of the con- A Laurentian Terrane? this terrane and the timing of its ference are: Ian W. D. Dalziel, Institute transfer to Gondwana will radically for Geophysics, University of Texas alter conventional understanding of at Austin, 8701 N. Mopac Blvd., Austin, October 14–20, 1995 global early Paleozoic paleogeography, TX 78759-8397, (512) 471-0431, fax paleoenvironmental development, 512-471-8844, E-mail: [email protected]. and tectonics prior to the assembly utexas.edu; Allison R. (Pete) Palmer, A Geological Society of America field, and discuss in San Juan, the evi- of Pangaea. Institute for Cambrian Studies, 445 N. Penrose Conference, “The Argentine dence for the hypothesis that the early The conference will bring together Cedarbrook Rd., Boulder, CO 80304- Precordillera: A Laurentian Terrane?” Paleozoic age rocks in the provinces of an international group of geologists 0417, (303) 443-1375, fax 303 443-1375, and associated field trips will be held San Juan and Mendoza are parts of an best equipped to evaluate the hypothe- E-mail: [email protected]; October 14 to 20, 1995, in San Juan, exotic terrane displaced from eastern ses discussed above. This group will Luis H. Dalla Salda and Carlos A. Argentina, in the foothills of the or southeastern Laurentia during the include North American geologists Cingolani, Centro de Investigaciones Argentine Precordillera. It will be fol- Ordovician. These rocks represent familiar with the Cambrian and Geológicas, University of La Plata, calle lowed immediately by a related 1–2- Cambrian and Early Ordovician age Ordovician faunas and depositional 1 Nro. 644, 1900 La Plata, Argentina, day conference in Jujuy, Argentina, carbonate bank and adjacent slope- systems and the early Paleozoic tecton- fax 54-21-25-8696. and a 5-day trans-Andean field trip facies sediments similar in stratigraphy ics of the Appalachian and Ouachita Application Deadline: April 1, across northern Argentina and Chile and faunas to coeval rocks of eastern orogens, and Argentine and European 1995. To apply for the conference, sponsored by IGCP Project 376 (Lau- or southeastern Laurentia. Recently, geologists familiar with the stratigra- please provide the following informa- rentia-Gondwana Connections Before Grenville ages for the basement of phy and faunas of the exotic terrane tion: (1) name and position; (2) organi- Pangaea). (For information about the this terrane have been determined, and the tectonics of the early Paleozoic zation and mailing address; (3) phone Jujuy conference, contact Victor Ramos, and Ordovician (Iapetus) K-bentonites orogen adjacent to its inboard margin. number, fax number, and E-mail Dept. de Geología, Universidad de have been found, further supporting Participation in the conference will address if available; (4) your field of Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, the connection to eastern or southeast- be limited to about 70 persons. The interest; and (5) a brief statement as 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina; E-mail: ern Laurentia. Paleomagnetic data are conference fee, which is not yet deter- to what your interest and experience [email protected].) consistent with a possible collision of mined, will include registration, food have been with regard to the confer- The main objective of the Penrose eastern Laurentia with western Gond- and lodging, and field trip costs. Lim- ence topic. Send applications to Ian Conference will be to review in the wana in the Ordovician. The Ouachita W. D. Dalziel at address above. ■

12 GSA TODAY, January 1995 Ice Sheets continued from p. 12 feedback loops that drive the system University of Florida are funded by deglaciation three million years ago: Nature, v. 359, p. 816–818. toward greater stability. Thus, once a the National Science Foundation and CONCLUSIONS large ice sheet is formed, it will not dis- have benefited from long association Barron, J. A., and Baldauf, J. G., 1989, Tertiary appear unless climate becomes much with the Deep Sea Drilling Project cooling steps and paleoproductivity as reflected Marine sediments contain a com- by diatoms and biosiliceous sediments, in Berger, warmer than during its formation. and the Ocean Drilling Program. We pelling range of evidence indicating W. H., et al., eds., Productivity of the ocean: Pre- We believe that with the formation appreciate useful critical reviews by sent and past (Dahlem Workshop Life Research that ocean and terrestrial climates of of both ice sheets by the end of the Margaret L. Delaney and Eugene W. Report, 44): Chichester, UK, John Wiley & Sons, Antarctica and the Southern Ocean p. 341–354. Miocene, the modern Antarctic cryo- Domack, and helpful discussions remained cold and relatively stable sphere-ocean system became well with many colleagues. Breza, J. R., 1992, High resolution study of ice- during early Pliocene global warmth rafted debris, ODP Leg 120, Site 751 southern established (Kennett, 1977). The deep- and that Antarctica did not experience Kerguelen Plateau, in Proceedings of the Ocean sea sediment record from the Southern REFERENCES CITED Drilling Program, Scientific Results, Volume 120: major deglaciation. We suggest that Ocean supports relative stability of the College Station, Texas, Ocean Drilling Program, isotopic and other data from deep-sea Abelmann, A., Gersonde, R., and Speiss, V., 1990, Antarctic cryosphere-ocean system p. 207–221. sediments are inconsistent with a two- Pliocene-Pleistocene paleoceanography of the since the late Miocene. This interpreta- Weddell Sea—Siliceous microfossil evidence, in Burckle, L. H., and Pokras, E. M., 1991, Implica- thirds ice volume decrease (= > 47 m tion is in conflict with the deglaciation Bleil, U., and Thiede, J., eds., Geological history tions of a Pliocene stand of Nothofagus (southern sea-level rise) and 5 °C high-latitude of the polar oceans: Arctic versus Antarctic: beech) within 500 kilometres of the South Pole: hypothesis. We suggest that an assigned surface-water warming advocated by Amsterdam, Kluwer, p. 729–759. Antarctic Science, v. 3, p. 389–403. late Pliocene age for the Sirius Group the deglaciation hypothesis (Webb Alonso, B., Anderson, J. B., Diaz, J. I., and Bartek, Cattle, H., 1991, Global climate models and requires reevaluation, since this is the and Harwood, 1991). Antarctic surface- L., R., 1992, Pliocene-Pleistocene seismic stratigra- Antarctic climatic change, in Harris, C., and foundation of the deglaciation hypoth- phy of the Ross Sea: Evidence for multiple ice Stonehouse, B., eds., Antarctica and global water temperatures are unlikely to have esis. Studies are also required to estab- sheet grounding episodes: Contributions to climatic change: Boca Raton, Florida, Lewis increased by more than ~3 °C. Signifi- Antarctic Research, v. 3, Antarctic Research Publishers, p. 21–34. lish alternative mechanisms for the cant warming in the Arctic during the Series 57, p. 93–103. emplacement of late Neogene diatoms Ciesielski, P. F., and Weaver, F. M., 1974, Early Pliocene is not matched by equivalent in Sirius Group outcrops. Barrett, P. J., 1991, Antarctica and global climate Pliocene temperature changes in the Antarctic warming in the Antarctic. The relative change: A geological perspective, in Harris, C., and seas: Geology, v. 2, p. 511–515. robustness of the late Neogene Antarc- Stonehouse, B., eds., Antarctica and global climate ACKNOWLEDGMENTS change: Boca Raton, Florida, Lewis Publishers, Clapperton, C. M., and Sugden, D. E., 1990, Late tic climate system is supported by mod- p. 35–50. Cenozoic glacial history of the Ross Embayment, eling experiments by Robin (1988), Our studies on Antarctic paleoenvi- Antarctica: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 9, Barrett, P. J., Adams, C. J., McIntosh, W. C., p. 252–272. who suggested that the Antarctic ronmental evolution at the University Swisher, C. C., and Wilson, G. S., 1992, Geo- cryosphere expands in steps due to of California, Santa Barbara, and the chronologic evidence supporting Antarctic Ice Sheets continued on p. 22

the progress of legislation that led to of state population, the number of Letter from Washington passage of the Clean Air Act and con- staff working in Senator Daschle’s veys the excitement of science policy- office is relatively small. That fact Jill Schneiderman making on Capitol Hill. guarantees that I will have substantial We lunched and spoke with opportunities to work on a range of Senator Jay Rockefeller (D—W. Va, issues in a variety of venues. I am work- I’m happy to have the opportunity mission Commerce, Science and Transportation ing closely with a legislative assistant to communicate with my colleagues to edu- committee) and Representative George responsible for environmental issues about my activities and experiences cate in Brown (D—Calif., Science, Space and who is trained as a forest ecologist. up on Capitol Hill as GSA’s 1994–1995 science and science appreciation those Technology committee, chair); over- Our complementary expertise will serve Congressional Science Fellow. For those who will and will not be scientists.” loaded on resources available to us the Senator well as we work on policy readers unfamiliar with the program, This sentiment prompted me to apply from the Congressional Research Ser- issues grounded in a respectful appreci- the American Association for the for the GSA fellowship, for I believe vice; visited and tried to absorb the ation of the earth as a system of inter- Advancement of Science has, since that an interdisciplinary science cur- mission of the Office of Technology acting reservoirs: geosphere, hydro- 1973, administered the Congressional riculum integrating policy issues with Assessment, General Accounting Office, sphere, biosphere, and atmosphere. Science and Engineering Fellowship investigations in natural sciences is and White House Office of Science and Though only two weeks into my Program. During the first 20 years of critical for dynamic undergraduate sci- Technology Policy; and toured the Old assignment (as I write this), I’ve already the program, more than 500 scientists ence education. In my role as Congres- Executive Office Building, a magnifi- done substantive work (reading, writ- and engineers sponsored by 40 profes- sional Science Fellow, I see myself as a cent Victorian building with mansard ing, reporting) on an ecosystem man- sional organizations worked as Fellows liaison between government and the roofing constructed between 1871 agement bill for U.S. Forest Service on the staffs of approximately 200 per- geoscience community working toward and 1888 to house the State, War, land, a proposal to form a National sonal and committee offices in the comprehension of policy and science and Navy departments. Institute for the Environment, and leg- House and Senate, and within the Con- issues in reciprocal arenas. I am eager After entertaining practical sugges- islation related to interstate transporta- gressional Budget Office, the Congres- to share this year’s “insider’s” view of tions from former science Fellows on tion of municipal solid waste. We also sional Caucus for Women’s Issues, the the policy-making process with our col- how to search for and locate a poten- anticipate working on mining law Congressional Research Service, and leagues and to articulate their potential tially stimulating office to work in for reform, Superfund, wetlands issues as the Office of Technology Assessment. role in it. our fellowship year, we occupied an part of a farm bill, pesticide legislation, The purpose of the program is (1) to The first eight weeks of the fellow- office in the Hart Senate Office Building and the Clean Water Act when the teach policy making to scientists by ship included a three-week orientation, and began the job interview process. 104th Congress convenes this month providing them an immediate role in two weeks of placement interviews, We’d been advised to take our time and (January 1995). legislative processes; (2) to train scien- one week at the annual GSA meeting, use the opportunity to educate our- Campaign rhetoric was mean- tists to participate effectively in policy and two weeks learning my way selves through interviews about the spirited, wealthy candidates spent making; and (3) to bring science exper- around my new office. It has been tre- structure, processes, and goals of Senate personal fortunes to get elected, and tise to members of Congress. mendously eye-opening and thought- and House personal offices and com- voters were cynical or lazy. Though free Societies including the American provoking. The orientation was an mittees. We began this process on television time and postage for bona Geophysical Union, American Veteri- exhaustive introduction to the work- September 22, two weeks before the end fide candidates and an election day nary Medical Association, Triangle ings of the U.S. government, executive, of the 103rd Congress. The interviews holiday would alleviate pressures on Coalition for Science and Technology legislative, and judiciary branches. Top- in congressional offices at that frantic candidates and voters, such simple Education, Federation of American level policymakers explored with us moment afforded us a glimpse of the measures were not taken. Still, approxi- Societies of Food Animal Sciences, topics including: domestic and interna- pace and agenda of politics in a waning mately 59 new democracies have American Chemical Society, American tional perspectives on post–Cold War Congress that we’d not have seen had started since 1989, and most of them Society of Mechanical Engineers, Soil science and technology policy; science we been Fellows beginning in an odd have chosen our system of government Science Society of America, National and technology as instruments of for- year (1993 or 1995). I interviewed with or a mixed system that includes sub- Society of Professional Engineers, eign policy; historical perspectives on 15 personal offices (House and Senate) stantial aspects of democracy. I look American Psychological Association, White House science advising; mega- and four committees. forward to using this forum as a means American Physical Society, American science projects and international After weighing several options to engage our colleagues in considera- Institute of Physics, and Institute of cooperation; science and technology (there are always more offices looking tions of the role of geoscientists in Electrical and Electronics Engineers policy and U.S. economic competitive- for Fellows than there are Fellows to policy-making in what Sir Winston have sponsored 29 Fellows on Capitol ness; science, technology, and global go around), I chose to work for Senator Churchill called “the worst form of Hill this year. We are a diverse lot: environmental issues; intellectual prop- Tom Daschle (D—S. Dak.). He is a sec- government, except all those other recent Ph.D.s, research scientists, erty rights; international security; exec- ond-term Senator, not up for reelec- forms that have been tried from time educators, engineers, racetrack veteri- utive branch and congressional budget tion, is co-chair of the Democratic Pol- to time.” ■ narians, psychologists, and scientists processes; legislative process; congres- icy Committee, and serves on the Jill S. Schneiderman, 1994–1995 GSA embarking on careers in science policy. sional committees and floor proce- following committees: Finance, Veter- Congressional Science Fellow, is serving on the “Science in the National Interest,” dures; lobbying the Congress; and ans’ Affairs, Indian Affairs, Select staff of Senator Thomas Daschle (S. Dak.). Schneiderman may be contacted at (202) 224- President Clinton’s August 1994 report communicating science policy news. Ethics, and Agriculture, Nutrition and 2321. The one-year fellowship is supported by that outlines goals for fundamental What we tried to understand could Forestry. He also chairs the Subcommit- GSA and by the U.S. Geological Survey, Depart- science and education, quoted Vassar have been at least a semester-long tee on Agricultural Research, Conserva- ment of the Interior, under Assistance Award No. College alumna Vera Rubin of the course in science policy. One education tion, Forestry and General Legislation, 1434-94-G-2509. The views and conclusions which has jurisdiction over U.S. For- contained in this document are those of the Carnegie Institution of Washington: resource I recommend from this orien- author and should not be interpreted as necessar- “… scientists both in and outside of tation is the film “An Act of Congress”; est Service lands. Since the number of ily representing the official policies, either academia must take seriously their narrated by E. G. Marshall, it chronicles staff in a Senator’s office is a function expressed or implied, of the U.S. govenment.

GSA TODAY, January 1995 13 GSAF UPDATE Robert L. Fuchs

Flawn Gift will Donors to the Foundation—October 1994 Support IEE Archaeological Geology Robert A. Larson Virginia P. Byers Division Award Arthur Mirsky* Victor Colombini Sharon A. Geil Charles Woodruff, Jr.* John H. Eric Parrish N. Erwin, Jr. The Institute for Environmental Claude C. Albritton, Jr. J. Hoover Mackin Award Steven P. Esling Education will be the recipient of Memorial Thomas L. T. Grose Robert Folinsbee* Charles F. Berkstresser, Jr. Richard F. Madole income from a Foundation fund estab- John E. Frost Bonnie A. Blackwell Richard L. Threet lished by Trustee and former GSA Presi- Sharon A. Geil Arthur A. Socolow dent Peter T. Flawn. In making this gift, Carol G. and Yasuo Ikeda Biggs Excellence in John T. McGill Fund Allen H. Johnson which is part of GSA’s Second Century Earth Science Education William Barry Robert B. Johnson Fund for Earth • Education • Environ- Erlece P. Allen Charles E. Kirschner Antoinette Lierman Medlin Charles F. Berkstresser, Jr. Phillip S. Kistler ment, Peter Flawn stated he is per- Scholarship James D. Greybeck Robert E. Lauth suaded that if the environmental Lawrence L. Brady F. D. Holland, Jr. Edmund Livingston Lindgren Chyi movement is to be successful over the James F. Prescott Lawrence E. Mannion Richard F. Meyer Scott L. Manske long term, it must be based on sound Allan V. Cox Minority Ann G. Metzger geological science. “I have been active Student Research Charles F. Berkstresser, Jr. Arthur Mirsky* Peter T. Flawn John W. Geissman with the Environmental Defense Fund Donald F. Goodell Eldridge Moores* Judson Mead* and the Nature Conservancy, and I Jay F. Piper Siegfried Muessig Doris M. Curtis Memorial Jack E. Oliver* have concluded that they could profit Penrose Conferences John D. Bloch Walter C. Pusey, III from IEE’s programs. The lack of basic Charles F. Berkstresser, Jr. Peter J. Hutchinson Robert R. Remy Walter C. Pusey, III information on the history of Earth other earth science–related organiza- Robert A. Larson Charles Seedorff* and its processes must be addressed if tions such as AAPG, AGI, AASG, NAS, Alan F. Thomson Rip Rapp Archaeological Richard H. Sibson we are to make sound public policy NAE, NRC, and SEG. He is a director DeWitt VanSiclen Geology Award George C. Soronen Arthur Mirsky* David J. Springer John T. Dillon decisions,” said Flawn in a letter of six corporations, including Global Charles H. Summerson* Alaska Research Award Bruce L. “Biff” Reed accompanying the gift. Marine, Harte-Hanks Communications, Christopher J. Talbot David D. Adams Scholarship Roger D. K. Thomas Peter Flawn is a graduate of Radian, and Tenneco and has pub- Bradford D. Pearson* Shirley J. Dreiss Memorial William Thordarson Oberlin College, with graduate degrees lished six books and major reports plus Carolyn S. DeVine Research Grants Gary W. Wallace from Yale University. Initially he was 65 papers and articles. Peter Flawn and John A. Dracup* Charles F. Berkstresser, Jr. John W. Webb employed by the U.S. Geological Sur- his wife Priscilla reside in Austin, Texas. Steve Ingebritsen* Drew M. Clemens Donald E. White vey; later he joined the Texas Bureau GSA President Dave Stephenson, Leslie Smith James C. Cole Matthew Willis Riley and Virginia Woodson Cynthia A. Evans Virgil D. Winkler of Economic Geology, where he was a hydrogeologist and president of Michael Garcia Anthony K. Yeo Dwornik the environmental firm South Pass William K. Hart Frederick Young a research scientist and geologist for Planetary Geoscience Award Roscoe Jackson, III* eleven years. He then served 10 years as Resources, commented on the Flawn Jay F. Piper Unrestricted—GSA James Lawrence Wayne Belcher director of the bureau, followed by 15 gift, “IEE is an important part of GSA’s Engineering Geology Stephen F. Lintner Charles F. Berkstresser, Jr. years at the University of Texas in both growing public outreach activities. Division Award Tom Parsons Lawrence Chasteen Robert A. Larson Frank M. Schneider Austin and San Antonio, where he held The amount of sound scientific infor- Ernest Dobrovolny James R. Shannon a variety of positions, including direc- mation that the Society can bring John C. Frye Peter A. Drobeck Stephen J. Urbanik tor of the Division of Natural Resources before the public is strictly limited Environmental Award Garth R. Edwards Charles F. Berkstresser, Jr. SAGE Judy Ehlen and Environment, professor of Geo- by the funding available for these pro- Robert A. Larson Charles F. Berkstresser, Jr. Rud A. Gees* logical Sciences and Public Affairs, vice grams, and Pete Flawn’s farsightedness Shinjiro Mizutani Rachel Cowan Sharon A. Geil Cynthia A. Evans William C. Gussow president, executive vice president, and in creating the Peter T. Flawn Endow- GEOSTAR Donald F. Goodell William P. Hewitt president. He currently holds the title ment Fund enables us to go just that Charles F. Berkstresser, Jr. Peter L. Kresan James D. Hume H. Basil S. Cooke of president emeritus. In addition to much further in filling this role in the Barbara H. Murphy E. Dean B. Laudeman Jack E. Harrison Edmondo Sugar Benedikt L. Lehner the leadership role he has played at environmental sector for which the Nancy Lindsley-Griffin David L. Warburton Marvin D. Mangus GSA, Flawn has been active in many Society is so uniquely qualified.” ■ David W. Moore W. Arthur White Maurice J. Mundorff Walter C. Pusey, III Yujiro Ogawa Virgil D. Winkler Second Century Fund D. P. Price Hiromitsu Yamagishi Katharine Fowler Billings* David S. Robertson Marland P. Billings* History of Geology Robert M. Rohlfs Boettcher Foundation* Foundation Trustees Meet in Seattle Division Award John E. Szatai Peter T. Flawn* Charles F. Berkstresser, Jr. Irvin L. Tailleru Christopher C. Mathewson* Arthur Mirsky* Herbert Tischler The Foundation’s Board of Trustees Also on financial matters, the Trustees Christine and T. Michael Sarah E. Newcomb Laurence Trudell held its annual meeting during the accepted a recommendation of the GSA Moreland* Virgil D. Winkler Arthur D. Howard Fund Dorothy M. Palmer GSA meeting in Seattle in October. Committee on Investments that the Gordon A. Young The board voted to expand its number portfolios of GSA and the Foundation Hans H. Renz Leon T. Silver* Richard L. Threet David A. Stephenson* Women In Science to ten trustees from the existing nine. be pooled for investment purposes John Wiley & Sons, Inc* Charles F. Berkstresser, Jr. Hydrogeology James C. Cole In addition, the retirement of Trustee only, thus allowing more efficient Division Award Fund Unrestricted—GSA Cynthia A. Gardner William Heroy at the conclusion of his money management and better overall Charles F. Berkstresser, Jr. Foundation Corolla K. Hoag Mamoru Adachi five-year term, which has been in addi- portfolio performance. GSA staff mem- Institute for J. Kaspar Arbenz tion to his many prior years of service bers outlined the 1995 GSA budget for Environmental Education Thomas D. Barrow* Charles F. Berkstresser, Jr. * Century Plus Roster to GSA that included treasurer and the Trustees. Michael Boran* Donald F. Goodell (gifts of $150 or more) member of the Committee on Invest- Other business included a report William P. Brosge ments, created two vacancies on the on Second Century Fund progress by board. Trustees are chosen from a list Foundation President Fuchs, with of candidates approved by GSA Coun- emphasis on the current Industry cil. Selected as new trustees for five- Support Program for Earth Science. year terms were Claire Davidson and The trustees suggested various sources GSA Foundation Carel Otte. The board elected officers of funding, for follow-up by the Second 3300 Penrose Place for the forthcoming year: Charles J. Century Fund Committee and the P.O. Box 9140 Mankin, Chair, Paul Bailly, Vice Chair, Foundation staff. Education Coordina- Boulder, CO 80301 Robert L. Fuchs, President, Donald M. tor Ed Geary reviewed the SAGE pro- (303) 447-2020 Davidson, Vice President, and Donna L. gram, and IEE Executive Director Fred Donath discussed the results of the Russell, Secretary/Treasurer. Enclosed is my contribution in the amount of $______. recently held IEE media training work- The board approved a 1995 operat- Foundation—Unrestricted Institute for Environmental Education shop, along with ideas for expanding ing budget of $250,808, of which 50% GSA—Unrestricted will be directed toward Second Century this kind of activity. The Board heard Fund activities. The 1995 budget will a proposal that described a new Smith- Please add my name to the Century Plus Roster (gifts of $150 or more). sonian/IMAX film—“The Making of support a Foundation staff of one full- I am interested in establishing a fund at the GSA Foundation that would America.” ■ time and three part-time employees. provide future support for outreach programs such as IEE or SAGE. Please contact me. PLEASE PRINT Thanks from Alaska Name ______The Department of Geology and Geophysics at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Address ______thanks the many geoscientists around the country who expressed their support during its recent crisis. In part due to this large outpouring of support, the depart- City/State/ZIP ______ment has been reinstated by the university administration, and looks forward to Phone ______hosting the GSA Cordilleran Section during May 1995.

14 GSA TODAY, January 1995 Final Announcement

SOUTHEASTERN SECTION, GSA 44th Annual Meeting Knoxville, Tennessee April 6–7, 1995 ★

he 1995 Southeastern Section Meeting of the Geological Society of America will be hosted by the Depart- T ment of Geological Sciences at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, in cooperation with the Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the Tennessee Division of Geology. Affiliated organizations meeting concur- rently are the Southeastern Section of SEPM, the Southeastern Section of the National Association of Geology Teachers (NAGT), and the Southeastern Section of the Paleontological Society.

SETTING 4. Full payment MUST accompany Krull, GSA headquarters. Please let us Hilton. Light refreshments will be preregistration form. Unpaid purchase know your needs by March 3, 1995. served, and a cash bar will be available. Knoxville (population 335,000, orders are NOT accepted as valid regis- All attendees must register before the including adjacent Knox County) is sit- tration. Charge cards are accepted as ACCOMMODATIONS party. uated in the Valley and Ridge province indicated on the preregistration form. of east Tennessee, northwest of the A block of 175 rooms at the If using a charge card, please recheck TECHNICAL PROGRAM Great Smoky Mountains and southeast Knoxville Hilton, site of the meeting, has the card number given. Errors will of the Cumberland Plateau. The city is been reserved for attendees, at a special Thirteen symposia, with mostly delay your registration. The confir- home to the main campus of the Uni- reduced rate of $79 per night for either invited papers, are planned for the mation card will be your receipt for versity of Tennessee and is just a few single or double occupancy. There is an meeting, along with several theme ses- charge-card payments. No other receipt miles from Oak Ridge, the site of Oak additional $12 room charge for each per- sions. Please contact the conveners for will be sent. Ridge National Laboratory and other son in excess of two. Attendees should more information. Additional sessions 5. Register one professional or stu- Department of Energy installations, make their own room reservations are scheduled for volunteered papers. dent per form. Copy the form for your and from Gatlinburg, the gateway to before March 4, by calling toll-free 1- records. the Great Smoky Mountains National 800-HILTONS or by mailing the housing Symposia 6. Guest registration is required for Park. The Southeastern Section meeting form provided in this announcement. 1. Sequence Stratigraphy and Dia- those attending guest activities, techni- will be held in the downtown Reservations will be accepted only on a genesis of Lower Paleozoic Car- cal sessions, or the exhibit hall. Guest Knoxville Hilton, which is within space-available basis at a higher rate after bonates. Sponsored by SEPM. Krishnan registrants MUST be accompanied by easy walking distance of the university that date. To reserve rooms by telephone, Srinivasan and Kenneth R. Walker either a registered professional or stu- and numerous restaurants. state your GSA connection and request a (University of Tennessee), (615) dent. A guest is defined as a nongeolo- reservation number. 974-6017, E-mail: kwalker@ gist spouse or friend of a professional TRAVEL TO KNOXVILLE Parking. Meeting attendees who freddy.gg.utk.edu. or student registrant. stay at the Hilton may park in the adja- 2. Deformation Processes Asso- Knoxville is easily reached by car 7. Students and K–12 teachers cent garage at no cost. Others may park ciated with Plutons. Robert D. via interstate highways I-40, I-75, and must show a CURRENT ID in order to in this garage on a space-available basis Hatcher Jr. (University of Tennessee) I-81, or by air through McGee-Tyson obtain these rates. Students or teachers for a small charge, or use nearby com- and Richard D. Law (Virginia Tech), Airport. Airline service is provided by not having a current ID when register- mercial parking lots. (615) 974-2366, E-mail: bobmap@ Delta, USAir, United, and Northwest, ing on site will be required to pay the utkvx.utk.edu. and several commuter airlines. Most professional fee. WELCOME PARTY 3. Energy and the Environ- major car rental firms are located at the 8. Due to the mailing of badges, it ment in the Next Century. airport, and the Hilton provides free is imperative that ALL preregistrations Various corporate sponsors will Sponsored by the Institute for Environ- shuttle service to the hotel hourly. are RECEIVED by the preregistration host a welcome party on Wednesday mental Education. Otto C. Kopp (Uni- deadline of March 3. All registrations evening, April 5, from 6:00 to 8:00 REGISTRATION received after March 3 will be held for p.m., at The Foundry in the World’s on-site processing and charged the on- Fair Park, only a short walk from the Southeastern continued on p. 16 Preregistration Deadline: site rates. March 3, 1995 9. To leave a message for an If you preregister, you will not attendee at the meeting, dial (615) have to wait in long registration lines to 523-2300, ext. 353. Knoxville Hilton Housing Form pick up materials in Knoxville because badges will be mailed within two Cancellations, Changes, and weeks prior to the meeting. Save your- Refunds Southeastern Section • Geological Society of America self time and money—preregister today! All requests for registration addi- April 6–7, 1994 1. There is a savings in fees if you tions, changes, and cancellations must register by the preregistration deadline! be made in writing and received by In guaranteeing your reservation for a late arrival (arrival after 6:00 p.m.), we require that Advance registration is suggested for March 3, 1995. GSA will refund or you do one of the following: 1. Make reservations by HILTRON. Call: 1-800-HILTONS (445-8667), fax 615-525-6832. many of the special activities because credit preregistration fees for cancella- To receive reduced convention rates use: CODE-GSA, or of participation limits. Use the pre- tions received in writing by March 3. 2. Mail this form with a check or money order covering first night’s stay, or provide below registration form provided in this NO REFUNDS WILL BE MADE ON the ENTIRE number of your following credit card: American Express, MasterCard, VISA, announcement. CANCELLATION NOTICES RECEIVED Diners Club, Carte Blanche, or Discover. Faxes accepted if paying by credit card. 2. Badges must be worn for access AFTER THIS DATE. Refunds will be Don’t forget the expiration date and your signature. to ALL activities, 7:00 a.m. Thursday mailed from GSA after the meeting. Accommodations Requested: through 11:00 a.m. Friday. Refunds for fees paid by credit card will Single occupancy (one bed) $79 Double occupancy (two beds) $79 3. Registration discounts are be credited according to the card num- There is a $12.00 per person charge for all rooms with more than two persons; rollaway beds are an given to members of both GSA and the ber on the preregistration form. There extra charge. Check-out time is 12 noon. Rooms may not be available for check-in until after 3:00 p.m. All reserva- associated societies listed on the prereg- will be NO refunds for on-site registra- tions subject to local room tax. istration form. Please indicate your tion and ticket sales. The special convention room rate applies during the period April 4–8. Your reservation affiliation(s) to register using the must be received prior to March 3, 1995, and before the group reservations block is filled member rates. On-Site Registration Schedule to assure room accommodations. Knoxville Hilton Lobby Name ______Wed., April 5 4:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. Address ______REGISTRATION FEES Thur., April 6 7:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. City ______State/Province _____ ZIP ______Advance* On-site Fri., April 7 7:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. Phone ( ) ______Convention Code: GSA Professional–– Accessibility For Registrants Arrival on: ______Departure on: ______Member $55 $65 With Special Needs Reserve: ______rooms(s) for ______people. Nonmember $60 $65 GSA is committed to making the Student–– Southeastern Section Meeting Name(s) of person(s) sharing accommodation: ______Member $15 $20 accessible to all people interested in ______Nonmember $17 $25 attending. If you need any auxiliary Type of card ______Card Number ______K–12 Earth aids or services because of a disability, Science Teachers $15 $20 check the appropriate box on the regis- Exp. date ______Signature ______Guest or Spouse $10 $10 tration form. If you have suggestions or Send this form and remittance or credit card information to: need further information, contact Tami *Deadline is March 3, 1995. Knoxville Hilton, 501 Church Ave. S.W., Knoxville, TN 37902, (615) 523-2300

GSA TODAY, January 1995 15 Southeastern continued from p. 15 tory), (615) 576-3464, E-mail: Wednesday, April 5, 4:30–6:00 p.m., Premeeting [email protected]. Hilton Suite 319. 1. Geology and Hydrology of the versity of Tennessee), (615) 974-6399, 4. Contaminant Hydrogeology. GSA Southeastern Section Department of Energy’s Oak E-mail: [email protected]. Larry McKay (University of Tennessee), Campus Liaison Breakfast, Thurs- Ridge Reservation and Associated 4. Disturbance-driven Ecosystems (615) 974-0821, E-mail: mckay@ day, April 6, 6:30–8:00 a.m., Hilton Waste Management Issues. April 5. and Biotic Change. Sponsored by the freddy.gg.utk.edu. Whispers Lounge. RaNaye Dreier, Peter Lemiszki, and Paleontological Society. Michael Gibson 5. Measurement of Physical and SEPM Southeastern Section Stephen H. Stow, Environmental (University of Tennessee, Martin) and Chemical Parameters in Hydroge- Business Meeting and Luncheon, Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Douglas Jones (University of Florida ology. William Sanford (Oak Ridge Thursday, April 6, 12:00 noon, Hilton, Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, Natural History Museum), (901) National Laboratory), (615) 576-3464, room listed in program. TN 37831-6036, (615) 574-7422, 587-7430. E-mail: [email protected]. GSA Southeastern Section E-mail: [email protected]. 5. Geology of Appalachian Coals. Committee on Geology and Public Hydrogeology, historical disposal James Hower (University of Kentucky PROJECTION EQUIPMENT Policy Meeting, Thursday, April 6, methods, and innovative remediation Center for Applied Energy Research), 12:00 noon, Hilton, suite 319. All slides must be 2" × 2" and fit a and ground-water monitoring activi- (606) 257-0261. GSA Southeastern Section Busi- standard 35-mm carousel tray. Please ties. Cost: $30, including transporta- 6. Successful Earth Science Teach- ness Meeting, Thursday, April 6, bring your own loaded carousel trays, if tion, lunch, and guidebook. United ing Requires “The Right Stuff.” 5:00–5:30 p.m., Hilton Tanasee. possible. Two 35-mm slide projectors, States citizenship is required for partici- Consponsored by NAGT and GSA South- GSA Southeastern Section Ph.D.- one overhead projector, and two pation. Limit: 40. eastern Section Education Committee. Granting Earth Science Program screens will be available for each oral 2. Deformation Processes Related Don Byerly (University of Tennessee), Chairs Breakfast Meeting, Friday, technical session. Label trays with your to Emplacement of the Rabun (615) 974-6007, E-mail: April 7, 7:00–8:00 a.m., Hilton Market name, session, left or right screen, and Granite in the Eastern Blue [email protected]. Restaurant. time of paper; give trays to the projec- Ridge, Georgia and North Car- 7. Quantitative Assessments of Combined Breakfast Meeting of tionist at least 20 minutes prior to the olina. April 4–5. Robert D. Hatcher Jr., Metamorphism: Pressure, Temper- the GSA Southeastern Section beginning of the session. A speaker Department of Geological Sciences, ature, P-T-t, Reaction Progress, Education Division and NAGT ready room for previewing slides will University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN and Fluid-Rock Interactions. Officers and State Representa- be provided. 37996-1410, (615) 974-2366, E-mail: Loren Raymond (Appalachian State tives, Friday, April 7, 7:00–8:00 a.m., [email protected]; Calvin F. University) and Robert Tracy (Virginia Hilton Whispers Lounge. POSTER SESSIONS Miller, Department of Geology, Vander- Tech), (704) 262-3049. Paleontological Society South- bilt University, Nashville, TN 37235; 8. Communicating Geologic Four half-day poster sessions are eastern Section Luncheon, Friday, and Dwight Lamb, University of Information with Decision planned. Poster booths will be framed April 7, 11:30 a.m., location to be Tennessee. Makers and the Public in the by pipe and drape and have three announced. A multiply deformed early Paleo- Southeast. Sponsored by the Institute 4' × 8' panels. zoic pluton that contains several intru- for Environmental Education. Dan Walker The Council for Undergraduate EXHIBITS sive phases (early? tonalite and two- and Jeffrey Reid (North Carolina Geo- Research will sponsor a student poster Exhibits by business, educational, mica granite, and later megacrystic logical Survey), and Stephen H. Stow session, convened by Jack Beuthin and governmental institutions will be adamellite) that record a complex (Oak Ridge National Laboratory), (615) (University of Pittsburgh, Johnstown) located conveniently across from the emplacement history. Cost: $180, 594-7830. to showcase senior theses and other technical session rooms in the Knox- including transportation, two nights 9. Paleosols and Paleokarst of the undergraduate research projects. ville Hilton. Free beverages will be pro- lodging (double occupancy), two Southeastern U.S.; Genesis and vided in the exhibit area for partici- lunches, and guidebook. Limit: 25. Implications. Sponsored by SEPM. SPECIAL LECTURE pants, and 24-hour security will be Michael Caudil and Steven G. Driese The Environmental Sciences Divi- provided in the exhibit hall. The num- Postmeeting (University of Tennessee), (615) sion of Oak Ridge National Laboratory ber of booths is limited, so plan to 3. Waulsortian-like Bioherms of 974-2366, E-mail: [email protected]. will sponsor a special lecture at the reserve space early. Exhibits will be Maury and Fort Payne Forma- 10. Great Ideas from Great Profes- conclusion of technical sessions on open Thursday, 8:00 a.m.–1:00 p.m., tions, Tennessee. April 8–9. Frank sors: Tips for Teaching Introduc- Thursday afternoon, April 6, at and on Friday, 8:00 a.m.–1:00 p.m. For Stapor and Larry Knox, Department of tory Geology. Cosponsored by NAGT 5:30 p.m. John A. Cherry of the Uni- further information and space reserva- Earth Sciences, Tennessee Technologi- and GSA Southeastern Section Education versity of Waterloo Centre for Ground- tions, contact Larry McKay, Depart- cal University, Box 5062, Cookeville, Committee. Molly Miller (Vanderbilt water Research will present a lecture, ment of Geological Sciences, University TN 38505, (615) 372-3121. University) and Gail Russell (University “Field-Scale Experimental Studies of of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996- Lithofacies, stratal geometries, and of Southern Mississippi), (615) Contaminant Behaviour in Groundwa- 1410, (615) 974-0821, E-mail: fossil communities of Waulsortian-like 322-2976. ter.” This special presentation will be [email protected]. bioherms in these formations in north- 11. Mercury Transport and Trans- of interest to a broad spectrum of geo- central Tennessee. Cost: $120, includ- formation in the Subsurface. scientists and educators. Cherry is the FIELD TRIPS ing transportation, two nights lodging Ralph Turner (Oak Ridge National Lab- coauthor of a widely used textbook (double occupancy), meals, and guide- oratory), (615) 574-7856, and Kula All field trip participants must register on ground water and is the recipient of book. Limit: 24. Misra (University of Tennessee). for the meeting. Field trip costs include the GSA Meinzer Award and the AGU 4. Late Silurian-Early Devonian 12. Old Wine in New Bottles: The transportation, guidebook (except trip Horton Award for his research in Sedimentary Facies and Biotas Impact of New Ideas in Southeast- 9), and other items listed in the hydrogeology. from the Southern North Ameri- ern Geology on Ore Depositional description. Rates for overnight trips can Craton (Tennessee). April 7–9. Models. Dennis LaPoint (Appalachian that include lodging assume double WORKSHOP Sponsored by the Paleontological Society. Resources), (919) 408-0069, and Geof- occupancy; requests for single occu- Thomas Broadhead, Department of frey Feiss (University of North Carolina The GSA Institute for Environ- pancy (requiring an additional charge) Geological Sciences, University of Ten- at Chapel Hill). mental Education will sponsor must be coordinated in advance with nessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-1410, 13. Regoliths in the Appalachian an all-day workshop on public infor- the field trip leader. Registration proce- (615) 974-6002, E-mail: broadhea@ Highlands Beyond the Wiscon- mation and education techniques on dures, the form, and deadlines are in utkvx.utk.edu; and Mike Gibson, sinan Glacial Borders. G. Michael Saturday, April 8. The workshop will this announcement. Registration at the University of Tennessee, Martin. Clark (University of Tennessee), Hugh provide attendees with insights and meeting for postmeeting field trips may Invertebrate biotas across the Mills (Tennessee Tech), and J. Steven information on how to deal with all be possible if trip logistics and space Silurian-Devonian boundary, biotic Kite (West Virginia University), (615) forms of media. See the IEE article on permit. If trips are undersubscribed and interactions, organic buildups, and 974-6006. p. 9 of this issue for additional informa- canceled, participants will be notified taphonomy. Cost: $100, including 14. Assembly and Dispersal of tion. no fewer than 10 days before the meet- transportation, two nights lodging Supercontinents. Nicholas Rast (Uni- ing, and all field trip fees will be (double occupancy), and guidebook. versity of Kentucky), (606) 257-3758. EARTH SCIENCE refunded after the meeting. Be aware of Limit: 20. EDUCATION PROGRAMS cancellation penalties imposed by the 5. Stratigraphic and Structural Theme Sessions airlines. Plan alternatives in advance Many undergraduate students will Relations in the Western Blue Theme sessions provide a focus for should the trip you are registered for be participate in a poster session spon- Ridge of Tennessee and North volunteered sessions on specific topics. canceled. There will be no refunds if sored by the Council for Undergradu- Carolina. April 8–9. Mark W. Carter, The following theme sessions are participants fail to show up on time for ate Research (see Poster Sessions). Robert D. Hatcher Jr., Steven Martin, planned. reasons other than serious illness or Two symposia dealing with teach- and Don Geddes, Department of Geo- 1. Paleogene Paleontology of the other emergency. Sponsoring agencies ing introductory-level geology, spon- logical Sciences, University of Ten- Southeast United States and Gulf assume no liability whatsoever for fail- sored by the National Association of nessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-1410, of Mexico Rim. Jon Bryan (Okaloosa- ure of participants to show for a trip, Geology Teachers and the GSA South- (615) 974-2366, E-mail: bobmap@ Walton Community College) and for missed connections, or for injury, eastern Section Education Committee, utkvx.utk.edu. Richard Fleugeman (Ball State Univer- loss, or damage during or resulting are also planned (see Symposia 6 and Late Proterozoic(?)–early Paleozoic sity), (904) 729-5376. from transportation on the field trips. 10). In addition, a field trip featuring Laurentian margin stratigraphy across 2. The Contributions of Strain The number of participants on most trips east Tennessee stratigraphy, structure, western Blue Ridge frontal thrust sheets to the Formation of the Appala- is limited, so register early. Further infor- and economic geology is planned for in southeastern Tennessee. Cost: $125, chian Foreland Thrust Belts. mation, will be sent to trip participants K–12 teachers (see Field Trip 9). including transportation, two nights William Dunne (University of Ten- at a later date. The field trip coordina- lodging (double occupancy), two nessee), (615) 974-6005, E-mail: tor is William M. Dunne, Department SPECIAL ACTIVITIES lunches, one dinner, and guidebook. [email protected]. of Geological Sciences, University of Limit: 24. 3. Hydrogeology and Hydrogeo- GSA Southeastern Section Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-1410, chemistry of Saprolite. William Management Board Meeting, (615) 974-6005, E-mail: bill@ Sanford (Oak Ridge National Labora- tanasi.gg.utk.edu. Southeastern continued on p. 17

16 GSA TODAY, January 1995 Southeastern continued from p. 16 on Thursday before 10:00 a.m. (if space three weeks prior to the meeting. at the meeting are available from the permits) at the registration desk in the Refunds for duplicate orders will GSA Southeastern Section. For informa- Hilton lobby. not be made. tion, contact Michael J. Neilson, Depart- 6. The Grandfather Mountain 1. Pigeon Forge. Thursday, April 6. Field trip guidebooks for trips 1, 2, ment of Geology, University of Alabama, Formation (Neoproterozoic) of East Tennessee’s outlet mecca, includ- 3, 5, 6, and 7 will be bound together as Birmingham, AL 35294, (205) 934-5102. Northwestern North Carolina: ing Red Roof Mall, lunch at the Apple- a volume of University of Tennessee Stud- Travel grant requests must be post- Clast Provenance and Architec- wood Restaurant (and winery), and ies in Geology. The guidebook for trip 4 marked not later than March 6, 1995. ture of Five Coarsening-Upward Five Oak Outlet Mall. Cost: $23, includ- will be published as a separate issue of Sequences. April 8–9. Michael Neton, ing travel, guide, and lunch. Limit: 45. Studies in Geology, and the guidebook OTHER INFORMATION Geological and Environmental Services 2. Museum of Appalachia. Friday, for trip 8 will be published by the Ken- (GES) Inc., 701 Cherokee Boulevard, For detailed information concern- April 7. Tennessee’s pioneer culture tucky Geological Survey. Field trip par- Suite G, Chattanooga, TN 37405-3303, ing the technical programs, contact and mountain-folk heritage: log cabin ticipants will receive guidebooks as part (615) 756-8020; and Loren Raymond, Robert D. Hatcher Jr., Department of village, picnic lunch, and Craft and of their registration fee, but other con- Department of Geology, Appalachian Geological Sciences, University of Ten- Antique Shop. Cost: $25, including ference participants may order the mul- State University, Boone, NC 28608. nessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-1410, travel, guide, admission to museum, titrip guidebook as part of their prereg- Spectacular exposures highlighting (615) 974-2238, fax (615) 974-2368, and box lunch. Limit: 45. istration for pickup on-site, and a possible source rocks of the Grandfa- E-mail: [email protected]. For limited number of guidebooks will be ther Mountain Formation. To our other questions and suggestions, con- PUBLICATIONS on sale ($10) at the on-site registration knowledge, many of these outcrops tact the local program chair, Harry Y. area. After the meeting, guidebooks have never been viewed on any previ- A limited number of the Abstracts McSween, Department of Geological (except for trip 8) may be purchased ous Grandfather Mountain window with Programs publication for the meet- Sciences, University of Tennessee, through the Department of Geological field trips. Cost: $100, including trans- ing will be available at on-site registra- Knoxville, TN 37996-1410, (615) Sciences, University of Tennessee, portation, two nights lodging (double tion. To guarantee a copy for on-site 974-5498, fax (615) 974-2368, Knoxville, TN 37996-1410. occupancy), two lunches and one din- pickup, please order one when you E-mail: [email protected] ■ ner, and guidebook. Limit: 27. preregister. Advance-copy purchases STUDENT TRAVEL GRANTS 7. Understanding the Evolution made through GSA Membership or and Sequence Stratigraphy of a Publication Sales require prepayment Limited funds for support of travel Cambrian Platform Carbonate and will be mailed approximately expenses for students presenting papers Succession, Southern Appalachi- ans. April 8. Sponsored by SEPM. Ken- neth R. Walker, Srinivasan Krishnan, and Bosiljka Glumac, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Ten- Preregistration Form GSA Southeastern Section nessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-1410, Preregistration deadline is March 3, 1995. Knoxville, TN ¥ April 6Ð7, 1995 (615) 974-6017, E-mail: kwalker@ freddy.gg.utk.edu. Depositional environments and Please print clearly. Copy for your records. sequence stratigraphy of carbonate Please inform us by March 3 of any units, each representing a carbonate I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I special considerations platform, to show how the platforms Name (last) (first name/nickname as it should appear on badge) that you or your guest evolved, prograded, and finally were I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I require. drowned by deeper water deposits. Employer/University (affiliation as it should appear on badge) Cost: $40, including transportation and I will need special considerations. guidebook. Limit: 24. I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Employer/University mailing address for Employer/University above Please call me. 8. Coal Geology in Kentucky and

West Virginia. April 8–9. James I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I II I I I I I- I I I I Hower and Cortland Eble, Center for City State ZIP Code Circle member affiliation Applied Energy Research, 3572 Iron (to qualify for registration I I I I I I I I I I I I I I() () () member discount*): Works Pike, Lexington, KY 40511-8433, Country (other than USA) Business Phone Fax Home Phone (606) 257-0261. (A) GSA Petrography, palynology, and coal I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I (B) SEPM origins in the Breathitt Formation. Spouse/Guest Name (last) (first name/nickname as it should appear on badge) (C) PS Cost: $130, including transportation, I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I- I I (D) NAGT two nights lodging (double occu- City/State Country pancy), all meals except Friday dinner, and guidebook. Limit: 30. PREREGISTRATION Required for participating in all activities. Rate Qty Amount 9. East Tennessee Geology for K–12 Professional Member* (circle affiliation above) ...... ( 01) $55 1 $ ______Earth Science Teachers. April 8. Professional Nonmember ...... ( 03) $60 1 $ ______Cosponsored by NAGT and the GSA Student Member* (circle affiliation above) ...... ( 05) $15 1 $ ______Southeastern Section Education Commit- Student Nonmember ...... ( 07) $17 1 $ ______tee. Don W. Byerly, Department of Geo- KÐ12 Earth Science Teacher ...... ( 42) $15 1 $ ______logical Sciences, University of Ten- Guest (per guest listed above) ...... ( 09) $10 ____ $ ______nessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-1410, *Member fee applies to any professional or Student Member of GSA or Associated Societies listed above. Discount does not apply to guest registrants. (615) 974-6007, E-mail: byerly@ GUEST PROGRAM utkvx.utk.edu. 1. Pigeon Forge ...... April 6 ( 20) $ 23 ____ $ ______Mineral and fossil collecting in the 2. Museum of Appalachia ...... April 7 ( 21) $ 25 ____ $ ______Sweetwater Mining District, as well as PUBLICATIONS photogenic stops that illustrate the Abstracts with Programs ...... (301) $ 10 ____ $ ______classic stratigraphy and structure of Field Trip Guidebook for Trips 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 for on-site pickup...... (200) $ 10 ____ $ ______East Tennessee, to provide teachers (Published as UT Studies in Geology. Field trip participants automatically receive guidebooks.) with opportunities to collect classroom materials and to interact with other FIELD TRIPS teachers. Cost: $18, including trans- 1. Geology and Hydrology of Oak Ridge Reservation ...... April 5 (101) $ 30 1 $ ______portation. Limit: 25. 2. Deformation and Emplacement of the Rabun Granite ...... April 4Ð5 (102) $180 1 $ ______3. Waulsortian Bioherms of Maury and Fort Payne Formations ...... April 8Ð9 (103) $120 1 $ ______GUEST ACTIVITIES 4. Silurian-Devonian Sedimentary Facies and Biotas ...... April 7Ð9 (104) $100 1 $ ______5. Stratigraphic and Structural Relations in Blue Ridge ...... April 8Ð9 (105) $125 1 $ ______The Knoxville area offers the 6. Grandfather Mountain Formation: Clast Provenance ...... April 8Ð9 (106) $100 1 $ ______Knoxville Museum of Art, the Univer- 7. Evolution, Sequence Stratigraphy of Cambrian Carbonates ...... April 8 (107) $ 40 1 $ ______sity of Tennessee McClung Museum, 8. Coal Geology in Kentucky and West Virginia ...... April 8Ð9 (108) $130 1 $ ______the American Museum of Science and 9. East Tennessee Geology for KÐ12 Teachers ...... April 8 (109) $ 18 1 $ ______Energy in Oak Ridge, the Museum of Appalachia, the Knoxville Zoo, the TOTAL FEES ...... $ ______Candy Factory and Victorian Houses, the East Tennessee Historical Remit in U.S. funds payable to: 1995 GSA Southeastern Section Meeting Center/Custom House, Ijams Nature (All preregistrations must be prepaid. Purchase Orders not accepted.) FOR OFFICE USE Center, and various cultural and sports A ______V ______M ______Payment by (check one): Check American Express VISA MasterCard events at the University of Tennessee. CK#______The two organized guest activities are DR CR I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I listed below. Guests are strongly encour- Card Number Bal. A/R aged to preregister for these activities, as 1233Ð12440 ______Ref. A/P 2006 ______they will be canceled if there is not suffi- I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ⁄ I I Signature Expires ______cient interest. Fees for canceled trips will ______be refunded after the meeting. Guests MAIL TO: GSA SOUTHEASTERN SECTION MEETING, Refund ck# ______must be preregistered for the Thursday P.O. BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301 trip, but may sign up for the Friday trip

GSA TODAY, January 1995 17 Final Announcement on-site processing, and charged the on- April 27, 2:00 p.m. Cost: $10, including site rates. transportation, guides, and admittance Cancellations, Changes, and fee. Refunds. All requests for registration Nebraska State Capitol. Visit NORTH-CENTRAL SECTION, GSA additions, changes, and cancellations a structure designated as one of the must be made in writing and received world’s architectural masterpieces. 29th Annual Meeting at the GSA Meetings Department by Friday, April 28, 10:00 a.m. Cost: $10, March 31, 1995. Faxes will be accepted. including transportation, guides, and and NO REFUNDS WILL BE MADE ON admittance fee. CANCELLATIONS RECEIVED AFTER Animal Science Building, East SOUTH-CENTRAL SECTION, GSA MARCH 31, 1995. Refunds will be Campus. Tour this state-of-the-art mailed after the meeting, and fees paid research facility and learn about studies 29th Annual Meeting by credit card will be credited accord- of meat animals. Thursday, April 27, ing to the card number on the preregis- 9:00 a.m. Free to registrants, spouses, Lincoln, Nebraska tration form. NO refunds will be given and guests. for on-site registration and ticket sales. April 27–28, 1995 SPECIAL EVENTS ★ ON-SITE REGISTRATION SCHEDULE PLEASE NOTE: All meals described below will include meat and meatless he North-Central and South-Central Sections of the Geological Society of Wednesday, April 26 entrees. America will meet in the Nebraska Center for Continuing Education and the Nebraska Center—5:00 p.m.–9:00 p.m. T The Welcoming Reception will East Campus Student Union on the East Campus of the University of Nebraska– Thursday, April 27 be held Wednesday evening April 26, Lincoln in Lincoln, Nebraska. The meeting will be hosted by the Conservation Nebraska Center—7:30 a.m.–5:00 p.m. in the Nebraska Center for Continuing and Survey Division (Nebraska Geological Survey), the Department of Geology, Friday, April 28 Education from 7:00 to 9:00 p.m. and the University of Nebraska State Museum of the University of Nebraska–Lin- Nebraska Center—7:30 a.m.–11:30 a.m. Badges are to be worn for admittance. coln, the Geography and Geology Department of the University of Nebraska at The room is to be determined. The Omaha, the Nebraska Geological Society, the Omaha office of Woodward-Clyde STUDENT PAPERS AND Annual Banquet will be held on Consultants, the Department of Geology of Kansas State University, and the Texas TRAVEL ASSISTANCE Thursday evening, April 27, in Ele- Section of the National Association of Geology Teachers. Societies that will meet The North-Central Section of GSA phant Hall on the University of in conjunction with the combined section meeting include the Pander Society; will award $75 for each of the eight Nebraska City Campus, preceded by a North-Central and South-Central Sections of the Paleontological Society, Texas; papers judged best whose principal social hour beginning at 6:00 p.m. Mid-Continent and Central Sections of NAGT; Great Lakes and Midcontinent Sec- author and presenter is a graduate or Stanley A. Schumm, Colorado State tions of SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology); and the Geology Division of the undergraduate student. Abstracts sub- University, will speak on “The Variabil- Council on Undergraduate Research. mitted for these awards should be indi- ity of Large Alluvial Rivers: Implica- cated on the abstract form. In addition, tions for Geological Interpretation.” ACCESSIBILITY FOR Advance registration is suggested for awards of up to $200 for travel assis- Van service to and from Elephant Hall REGISTRANTS WITH many of the special activities because tance may be made to students who are and the Nebraska Center will be avail- SPECIAL NEEDS of participation limits. Use the preregis- members of the North-Central Section able for participants. Banquet cost: $25. tration form provided in this of GSA as of January 1, 1995. To be eligi- Breakfasts for persons interested GSA is committed to making the announcement. ble for a travel grant, the student must in geology and public policy and for Annual Meeting accessible to all 2. Badges must be worn for access present a paper (oral or poster) of which the GSA South-Central Section Educa- people interested in attending. All to ALL activities, 7:30 a.m. Thursday he or she is sole or co-author. For appli- tion Committee are planned for April meeting rooms are handicapped acces- through 11:00 a.m. Friday. cations for travel assistance awards, con- 27. Cost: $10. sible. Many local hotels and motels 3. Registration discounts are given tact the General Chair, R. F. Diffendal Jr., The North-Central Section have rooms available for visitors with to both GSA and Associated Societies Nebraska Geological Survey, 113 Management Board Breakfast special needs. Registration and housing listed on the preregistration form. Nebraska Hall, University of Nebraska– and Business Meeting will be on information is detailed in this final Please indicate your affiliation(s) to reg- Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0517, (402) Thursday, April 27, in the Nebraska announcement. If you need any auxil- ister using the member rates. 472-7546. Applications must be received Center at 7:00 a.m. iary aids or services because of a disabil- 4. Full payment MUST accompany by February 15, 1995. A Joint Luncheon for the Great ity, check the appropriate box on the registration. Unpaid purchase orders The South-Central Section of GSA Lakes and Midcontinent Sections of registration form. If you have sugges- are NOT accepted as valid registration. will award $200, $100, and $50 for the SEPM, the North-Central and South- tions or need further information, Charge cards are accepted as indicated three best oral student papers and $200 Central Sections of the Paleontological contact Tami Krull, GSA headquarters. on the preregistration form. If using a for the best student poster given at the Society, and the Pander Society will be Please let us know your needs by charge card, please recheck the card meetings. Awards for outstanding on Thursday, April 27, in the Nebraska March 24. number given. Errors will delay your papers will be based on quality of Center. Cost: $15. The Association The University of Nebraska–Lin- registration. The confirmation card will research and effectiveness of presenta- for Women Geoscientists will hold coln is a smoke-free campus. Smoking be your receipt for charge-card pay- tion. To be eligible, the abstract must a breakfast and talk on mentoring rela- is not allowed in any building on the ments. No other receipt will be sent. list only student authors who are mem- tionships on Friday, April 28, in the campus, including the meeting and 5. Register one professional or stu- bers of the South-Central Section as of Nebraska Center. Cost: $10. hotel rooms at the Nebraska Center for dent per form. Copy the form for your January 1, 1995, and must identify the The GSA Campus Representa- Continuing Education, or in any Uni- records. abstract clearly as a student paper. tives breakfast will be held on April versity vehicle. 6. Guest registration is required for In addition, awards for travel will 28 at the Nebraska Center. Cost: $4. LOCATION those attending guest activities, techni- be made to students who are present- The GSA South-Central Section cal sessions, or the exhibit hall. Guest ing a paper (oral or poster). For further Management Board Business Lincoln, Nebraska, is about mid- registrants MUST be accompanied by information, contact Page C. Twiss, Meeting will be held on April 26 at way between Chicago, Illinois, and either a registered professional or stu- Department of Geology, Kansas State 4:30 p.m. in the Nebraska Center. Denver, Colorado, on I-80. It is near dent. A guest is defined as a nongeolo- University, Manhattan, KS 66506-3201, The South-Central Section the western border of the dissected till gist spouse or friend of a professional or (913) 532-6724, fax 913-532-5159, E- Annual Business Meeting will be plain of the Central Lowland physio- student registrant. mail: [email protected]. Applica- held on Thursday, April 27, following graphic province of Thornbury. 7. Students and K–12 Teachers tions for travel assistance must be the last session of the day, at about Bedrock topography is mostly covered must show a CURRENT ID in order to received by February 15, 1995. 5:00 p.m. in the Nebraska Center. by Pliocene and younger glacial, flu- obtain these rates. Students or teachers The Texas and Midcontinent vial, and eolian deposits, which have not having a current ID when register- SPOUSE AND GUEST Sections of NAGT will hold technical been eroded to the point that morainal ing on site will be required to pay the ACTIVITIES sessions and a business meeting during topography is not obvious. The popula- professional fee. Thursday and Friday, April 27 and 28, The coordinator for Spouse and tion of the city is about 192,000, and 8. Due to the mailing of badges, it in the Nebraska Center. Guest Activities is Mary Anne Holmes. the student enrollment at the Univer- is imperative that ALL preregistrations The Central Section of NAGT Questions regarding the activities sity of Nebraska–Lincoln is about are RECEIVED by the preregistration and the GSA North-Central Sec- described below can be addressed to 24,000. The weather in late April is deadline of March 24. All registrations tion Education Committee will her at (402) 472-5211. variable and frequently rainy. received after March 24 will be held for host a luncheon at noon on April 28 in University of Nebraska Inter- the Nebraska Center. Cost: $10.00. collegiate Athletics Department. REGISTRATION An Open House Tour of the Uni- Tour the facilities that have helped versity of Nebraska State Museum Preregistration Deadline: make Nebraska student athletes some REGISTRATION FEES invertebrate fossil collections will be March 24, 1995 of the best in the country in both held from 12:00 to 1:30 p.m. in Advance On- athletics and scholarship. Thursday, If you preregister, you will not by 3/24/95 site Nebraska Hall on the City Campus of April 27, 10:00 a.m. Cost: $10, includ- have to wait in long registration the University of Nebraska–Lincoln on ing transportation, guides, and admit- lines to pick up materials in Professional Member $45 $55 April 28. tance fee. Lincoln because badges will be Professional Nonmember $50 $60 An informal meeting of student University of Nebraska State mailed within two weeks prior to members of Sigma Gamma Epsilon Student Member $15 $25 Museum. Visit one of the country’s the meeting. Save yourself time chapters will be held at 12:00 noon in Student Nonmember $20 $30 major natural history museums, noted and money—preregister today! K–12 Teachers $10 $10 for its dioramas of Nebraska vertebrate 1. There is a savings in fees if you North-Central–South-Central Guest/Spouse $10 $10 life and displays of fossils. Thursday, register by the preregistration deadline! continued on p. 19

18 GSA TODAY, January 1995 field trips that start and end in Lincoln, fax 402-472-2410, E-mail: rfd@ you may be able to take advantage of unlinfo.unl.edu. the lower airfares for staying over on 8. Chemical Dispersions in Hydro- Saturday. Check with the trip leader to logic Systems. Sambhud Chaudhuri, make sure the trip is open, to verify the Department of Geology, Kansas State trip dates, and to confirm the probable University, Manhattan, KS 66506-3201, return time before making reservations. (913) 532-6724, fax 913-532-5159, Free parking is available for up to E-mail: [email protected]. 300 automobiles of registered meeting 9. Geology of the Garbage Heap: participants at the Nebraska Center. Waste Sites and Waste Siting. San- Additional parking is available on ford S. Kaplan, Department of Geology, nearby residential streets. Maps show- University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lin- ing parking locations will be available coln, NE 68588-0340, (402) 472-6213, on-site at the information table. E-mail: [email protected]; and Page C. Twiss, Kansas State University, TECHNICAL PROGRAM Manhattan, KS 66506-3201, (913) 532-6724, E-mail: pctwiss@ Any questions about the technical ksuvm.bitnet. program can be directed to David 10. Great Plains Neogene Tecton- Loope, Department of Geology, Univer- ism. George W. Shurr, Department of sity of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE Earth Sciences, St. Cloud State Univer- 68588-0340, (402) 472-2647, E-mail: sity, St. Cloud, MN 56301-4498, (612) [email protected], fax 402- 255-2009 or (612) 253-7810. 472-4917. 11. Occurrence, Transport, and Symposia Transformation of Pesticides and Nutrients in Surface and Ground The following symposia have been Waters. Mary Exner Spalding, Con- organized. Authors are encouraged to servation and Survey Division, 113 contact the individual symposium Nebraska Hall, University of Nebraska– organizers for information. Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0517, (402) 1. Cyclic Sedimentation in Car- 472-7547, E-mail: mspalding@ boniferous and Permian Strata of unlinfo.unl.edu, fax 402-472-2410. North America: Sequence Stratig- 12. Genesis and Morphology of raphy, Biostratigraphy, and Paleo- Paleosols. Mark Kuzila, Conservation ecology. Darwin R. Boardman II and and Survey Division, 113 Nebraska Arthur Cleaves, School of Geology, Hall, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Lincoln, NE 68588-0517, (402) OK 74078-0451, (405) 744-5315, fax 472-7537, E-mail: mkuzila@ 405-744-7841. unlinfo.unl.edu, fax 402-472-2410. North-Central–South-Central To make reservations, telephone 2. Geoarchaeological Research in 13. Cretaceous Rocks of the Mid- continued from p. 18 the hotel or motel directly and indicate Fluvial and Aeolian Depositional continent. David K. Watkins, Depart- that you are attending the 1995 GSA Environments. Rolfe Mandel, 1730 ment of Geology, University of the lobby of the Nebraska Center on meeting. Please stay at the Nebraska SW High St., Topeka, KS 66604-3121, Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE Friday, April 28. Center Hotel if possible, because the (913) 235-1647. 68588-0340, (402) 472-2648, E-mail: cost to the sections for meeting rooms 3. Quaternary Eolian Deposits of [email protected], fax 402- ACCOMMODATIONS will be reduced if rooms in the hotel the Plains: Loess, Sand, and Ash. 472-4917; and Richard Hammond, are used. Please call the hotel or motels E. Arthur Bettis III, Iowa DNR, Geologi- Blocks of rooms have been South Dakota Department of Water early, because many of the special rates cal Survey Bureau, 123 N. Capitol St., reserved at several area motels (num- and Natural Resources, Division of are on a space-available basis and are Iowa City, IA 52242-1319, (319) bers correspond to those on map). S— Geological Survey, Vermillion, SD guaranteed only up to a month before 335-1590, E-mail: abettis@gsbthpo. single; D—double; R—restaurant; RN— 57069-2390, (605) 677-6162. the meeting. uiowa.edu; James B. Swinehart, 113 restaurant nearby; H—rooms for 14. Environmental Regulations A very limited number of rooms Nebraska Hall, University of Nebraska– handicapped; NS—non-smoking rooms and the Regulated Community: are available in a residence hall on the Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0517, (402) available; SH—shuttle bus from airport Impacts and Responses. Hugh City Campus for students only. 472-7529, E-mail: [email protected], to and from motel. Add 9.5% sales tax Stirts, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Rates per night are S$16/D$22 plus tax. fax 402-472-2410; and Brian Carter, to rates. Omaha District, Attn. CEMIRO-ED-EE, Contact Joey Kramer, housing adminis- Department of Agronomy, Oklahoma 1. Nebraska Center Hotel: 33rd 215 N. 17th St., Omaha, NE 68102- trator, at (402) 472-3561 for informa- State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, and Holdrege, (402) 472-3435, 4978, (402) 221-7164; and David tion. Students using these facilities will (405) 744-6414. S$53/D$60 (R, RN, H, NS only). Henni, Dames and Moore, Omaha. be required to show a valid student 4. Remote Sensing and GIS for Rate includes continental breakfast. 15. Catastrophic Floods. John F. identification card from their college Water-Quality Assessment. Donald 2. Villager Motor Inn (Best West- Shroder Jr., and Kevin Cornwell, or university before they can register. Rundquist, 113 Nebraska Hall, Univer- ern): 5200 “O” St., (402) 464-9111, Department of Geography and Geol- sity of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE S$45/D$45 (R, RN, H, NS, SH). ogy, University of Nebraska at Omaha, MEALS 68588-0517, (402) 472-7536, fax 402- 3. Great Plains Motel: 2732 Omaha, NE 68182-0199, (402) 472-2410. “O” St., (402) 476-3253, There are restarurants both on 554-2662. 5. Perspectives on Urban S$28/D$34 (RN, NS). and off campus. Lincoln has many fine 16. Depositional Environments, Geology: Principles, Educa- 4. Guesthouse Inn: 3245 Corn- restaurants including those serving Ital- Lithostratigraphy, and Biostratig- tional Needs, and Case Studies. husker Hwy., (402) 466-2341, ian, Mexican, Vietnamese, Chinese, raphy of the White River and Sponsored by the Institute for Environ- S$30/D$36 (RN, NS). Greek, Thai, and Indian cuisine. A list Arikaree Groups. Hannan E. mental Education. Perry Wigley, 113 5. Cornhusker Super 8: 2545 of these will be available on-site at the LaGarry, University of Nebraska State Nebraska Hall, University of Nebraska– Cornhusker Hwy., (402) 467-4488, information table. Museum, W436 Nebraska Hall, Univer- Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0517, S$35/D$42 (RN, H, NS). sity of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE (402) 472-3471, fax 402-472-2410, 6. Best Western Airport: (402) TRANSPORTATION 68588-0549, (402) 472-2657; Dennis O. E-mail: [email protected]; 475-9541, S$43/D$45 (R, RN, NS, SH). Terry, Department of Geology, Univer- The University of Nebraska–Lin- Priscilla Grew, 302 Adm, University 7. Econo Airport Lodge: (402) sity of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE coln East Campus is a short distance of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 474-1311, S$25/D$31 (R, RN, NS). 68588-0340, (402) 472-2604, E-mail from I-80, U.S. Routes 6, 34, and 77, 68588-0433, (402) 472-3123; and 8. Days Inn: (402) 475-3616, [email protected], fax 402- and Nebraska Highway 2 in Lincoln, William Wayne, Department of Geol- S$40/D$45 (RN, NS, SH). 472-8949; and Robert M. Hunt Jr., Nebraska. Lincoln is served by United ogy, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, 9. Holiday Inn Airport: (402) University of Nebraska State Museum, Airlines and Airlink through Chicago Lincoln, NE 68588-0340. 475-4971, S$49/D$4 (R, RN, NS, SH). University of Nebraska–Lincoln, and Denver, Continental Connection 6. College- and University-Related 10. Motel 6: (402) 475-3211, Lincoln, NE 68588-0549. from Denver, TWA through St. Louis, Earth Science Educational Activi- S$26/D$32 (RN, H, NS). 17. Interpreting Animal Behavior Northwest Airlink through Minneapo- ties. Robert Pinker, Johnson County 11. Holiday Inn Northeast: 5250 from the Fossil Record. Loren Bab- lis, and US Air Express through Kansas Community College, 12345 College at Cornhusker Highway, (402) cock, Department of Geology, Ohio City. Amtrak trains stop at Lincoln, as Quivira, Overland Park, KS 66210-1299, 464-3171, S$49/D$49 (R, NS, SH). State University, Columbus, OH 43210, do Greyhound buses. Taxi service from (913) 469-3894; and David Gosselin, (614) 292-0358, E-mail: lbabcock@ Other motels with rooms not blocked: the airport and train and bus stations 113 Nebraska Hall, University of orton.mps.ohio-state.edu, fax 614- 12. Kings Inn: (402) 466-2324. to the Nebraska Center costs about $10. Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 292-1496. 13. Starlite Motel: (402) 466-1902. If you are certain that you will be 68588-0517, (402) 472-8919, fax 18. Sedimentary Rhythmites: Ori- 14. Econo Lodge Northeast: (402) coming to the meeting and plan to 402-472-2410, E-mail: gosselin@ gins and Implications. Allen W. 464-5971. travel to Lincoln by plane, train, or unlinfo.unl.edu. Archer, Department of Geology, Kansas 15. Fairfield Inn: (402) 476-6000. bus, book your tickets as early as possi- 7. Ogallala Group and Younger State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, 15. Comfort Suites: (402) 476-8080. ble to get the best rates. Have your Neogene Geology, Great Plains. (913) 532-6724, E-mail: aarcher@ 16. Inn 4 Less: (402) 475-4511. travel agent then watch for fare reduc- R. F. Diffendal Jr., 113 Nebraska Hall, 17. Sleepy Hollow Motel: (402) tions as they become available later. If University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lin- North-Central–South-Central 464-3166. you register for one of the postmeeting coln, NE 68588-0517, (402) 472-7546, continued on p. 20

GSA TODAY, January 1995 19 North-Central–South-Central lenges, and Benefits for the logical Sciences, University of Mani- PROJECTION EQUIPMENT continued from p. 19 Geoscience Community. David toba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T Two standard 35 mm carousel pro- Gosselin (address given in Theme 2N2, (204) 474-8361, E-mail: mlast@ jectors for 2" × 2" slides and one over- ksuvm.bitnet; and Erik P. Kvale, Indi- Session, this page). ccm.umanitoba.ca, fax 204-261-7581. head projector for transparencies will ana Geological Survey, Indiana Univer- be provided in each meeting room. sity, Bloomington, IN 47405. WORKSHOP POSTER SESSIONS Please bring your own loaded carousel 19. Antarctic Paleoclimates and The GSA Institute for Envi- We strongly encourage students trays identified with speaker’s name, Paleoenvironments. David Har- ronmental Education will and professional members to take session, and speaker number to your wood, Department of Geology, Univer- sponsor an all-day workshop on public advantage of this highly effective session room before the start of the ses- sity of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE information and education techniques means of communication. Please indi- sion. A speaker-ready room equipped 68588-0340, (402) 472-2648, E-mail: on Saturday, April 29. The workshop cate Poster Session on the GSA Abstract with projectors will be available for [email protected]. will provide attendees with insights Form. Each poster booth will provide review and practice in the library. 20. Problems in Continental Sci- and information on how to deal with three 4’ x 4’ white boards arranged at entific Drilling. M. Charles Gilbert, all forms of media. See the IEE article table height. Poster sessions will be SHORT COURSE School of Geology and Geophysics, on p. 9 of this issue for additional located in the area near the exhibits University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 1. Field and Laboratory Tech- information. and will be available for viewing for 73019-0628, (405) 325-4424, E-mail: niques for Vertebrate Fossils: one-half day. Authors will be expected [email protected], fax A Primer for Geologists. Gregory THEME SESSION to be present at their poster displays at 405-325-3140; and Kenneth Windom, Brown, chief preparator, Division of least half of the time allotted for pre- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Modern and Ancient Lake Envi- Vertebrate Paleontology, University sentation of the displays. Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, ronments of the Northern Great of Nebraska State Museum, W-436 The Geology Division of the IA 50011. Plains. David C. Gosselin, 113 Nebraska Hall, University of Nebraska– Council on Undergraduate Nebraska Hall, University of Nebraska– Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0514, (402) Research will sponsor a poster session FORUM Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0517, 472-2657, fax 402-472-8949, E-mail: on geological research by undergradu- (402) 472-8919, E-mail: gosselin@ [email protected]. Though rela- 1. K–12 Earth Science Education ate students. We urge undergraduates unlinfo.unl.edu, fax 402-472-2410; and tively uncommon, vertebrate fossils may Forum: Opportunities, Chal- to participate in this event. William M. Last, Department of Geo- be found occasionally by geologists in the field, and such finds may be vitally important to vertebrate paleontologists. This workshop will demonstrate the fundamental techniques for collecting Preregistration Form GSA North-Central and vertebrate fossils and the essential data South-Central Sections that should accompany each specimen. Preregistration deadline is March 24, 1995 Lincoln, Nebraska ¥ April 27Ð28, 1995 Laboratory preparation and conserva- tion principles will be presented by the Please print clearly. Copy for your records. museum staff on Friday, April 28, at

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Please inform us by 1:00 p.m. in Research Collections, Name (last) (first name/nickname as it should appear on badge) March 24 of any special W-436 Nebraska Hall, University of I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I considerations that you or your Nebraska–Lincoln. Limit: 15. Cost: $40. Employer/University (affiliation as it should appear on badge) guest require.

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Employer/University mailing address for Employer/University above I will need special considera- FIELD TRIPS tions. Please call me.

I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I II I I I I I- I I I I The field trip coordinator is Roger City State ZIP Code Pabian, Conservation and Survey Divi- Circle member affiliation I I I I I I I I I I I I I I() () () sion, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, (to qualify for registration discount): Country (other than USA) Business Phone Fax Home Phone Lincoln, NE 68588-0517, (402) (A) GSA Member #______I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 472-7564, fax 402-472-2410, E-mail: ★ ★ Spouse/Guest Name (last) (first name/nickname as it should appear on badge) (B) NAGT (C) PS (D) Pander Soc. [email protected]. All trips (E) SEPM (F) SVP I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I II I I I I I I I- I I begin and end at the Nebraska Center ★ City/State ★ Country except for the trip to Manhattan, PREREGISTRATION Required for participation in all events. Rate Qty Amount Professional Member (circle affiliation above) ...... (01) $ 45 1 $ ______Kansas. Preregistration for field trips is Professional Nonmember ...... (03) $ 50 1 $ ______recommended because of logistical limi- Student Member (circle affiliation above) ...... (05) $ 15 1 $ ______tations. All field trip participants must Student Nonmember ...... (07) $ 20 1 $ ______also register for the meeting. Further Teacher (KÐ12)...... (42) $ 10 1 $ ______Guest/Spouse (per guest listed above) ...... (09) $ 10 1 $ ______information will be sent to participants at a later date. Trip members should be GUEST ACTIVITIES Tour of Animal Science ...... April 27 (20) FREE ____ $ ______prepared for inclement weather and Tour of Athletic Facilities ...... April 27 (21) $ 10 ____ $ ______muddy walking conditions. If a trip Museum Tour ...... April 27 (22) $ 10 ____ $ ______must be canceled for logistical reasons, State Capitol Tour ...... April 28 (23) $ 10 ____ $ ______a full refund will be issued after the SPECIAL EVENTS meeting. Be aware of cancellation Geology and Public Policy Breakfast ...... April 27 (60) $ 10 ____ $ ______penalties imposed by the airlines. Plan GSA South-Central Education Committee Breakfast ...... April 27 (61) $ 10 ____ $ ______Annual Banquet alternatives in advance should the trip Check entree preference meat (62) meatless (63) ...... April 27 $ 25 ____ $ ______you are registered for be canceled. Con- Combined Paleo Society/Pander Society, SEPM Lunch ...... April 27 (64) $ 15 ____ $ ______tact the field trip leaders for detailed GSA Campus Representatives, Breakfast ...... April 28 (65) $ 4 ____ $ ______descriptions of each trip. AWG Breakfast ...... April 28 (66) $ 10 ____ $ ______Central Sec. of NAGT and GSA NC Sec. Education Comm. Lunch ...... April 28 (67) $ 10 ____ $ ______Premeeting SHORT COURSE Field/Lab Techniques for Vertebrate Fossils ...... April 28 (150) $ 40 ____ $ ______1. Late Pennsylvanian and Early Permian Biostratigraphy and FIELD TRIPS Premeeting Paleoecology in Richardson and 1. Late Pennsylvanian/Early Permian Biostratigraphy ...... April 26 (101) $ 35 ____ $ ______Pawnee Counties, Nebraska. 2. Late Quaternary Fluvial & Eolian Sediments ...... April 25Ð26 (102) $125 ____ $ ______Roger K. Pabian, Conservation and Sur- 3. Quaternary and Engineering Geology, Lincoln Area ...... April 26 (103) $ 40 ____ $ ______vey Division, University of Nebraska– 4. White River Group Revisited ...... April 24Ð26 (104) $165 ____ $ ______Postmeeting Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0517, (402) 5. Ashfall Fossil Beds ...... April 29 (105) $ 35 ____ $ ______472-7564, fax 402-472-2410, E-mail: 6. Geology of Ogallala/High Plains Regional Aquifer ...... April 29ÐMay 2 (106) $175 ____ $ [email protected]; and Darwin 7. Late Quaternary Landscape Evolution ...... April 29 (107) $ 40 ____ $ ______R. Boardman II, 105 Noble Research 8. Contaminant Occurrence, Offutt Air Force Base ...... April 29 (108) $ 35 ____ $ ______Center, School of Geology, Oklahoma 9. Permian Strata in Manhattan, Kansas, Area ...... April 29Ð30 (109) $ 30 ____ $ ______10. Crow Creek Member, Pierre Shale ...... April 28Ð30 (110) $ 80 ____ $ ______State University, Stillwater, OK 74078. 11. Upper Pennsylvanian Paleosols ...... April 29 (111) $ 35 ____ $ ______Cyclic deposits in southeastern Abstracts with Programs (for on-site pickup) ...... (301)$ 10 1 $ ______Nebraska showing both marine and TOTAL FEES ...... $ ______continental facies, including eolian deposits, paleosols, channel sands, lagoonal or estuarine sediments and Remit in U.S. funds payable to: GSA North-Central Section Meeting FOR OFFICE USE (All preregistrations must be prepaid. Purchase Orders not accepted.) A ______D ______V ______M ______nearshore and offshore marine sec- Payment by (check one): CK#______tions. Wednesday, April 26. Cost: $35, Check American Express VISA MasterCard DR CR including guidebooks, box lunch, I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I Bal. A/R snacks, and transportation. Limit: 25. Card Number 1233-12450 ______2. Late Quaternary Fluvial and Ref. A/P 2006 ______I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ⁄ I I Eolian Sediments: Loup River ______Signature Expiration Date Basin and the Nebraska Sand ______MAIL TO: GSA NC/SC SECTION MEETING, P.O. BOX 9140, Refund Check # ______BOULDER, CO 80301-9140, FAX 303-447-1133 Approval ______North-Central–South-Central continued on p. 21

20 GSA TODAY, January 1995 Forum continued from p. 3 PERSPECTIVE 5: from that from the CUT well. There- geologically recent past between Mam- Rebuttal to Sorey et al. fore, their assumption that the water moth and the La Duke area. The possi- from the two sites, before degassing, ble present-day hydrologic connection L/s during different times of the year Irving Friedman contained the same argon concentra- between Mammoth Hot Springs and over the 1989–1992 period. Sorey and his coauthors state that tion derived by atmospheric saturation the Corwin Springs Known Geothermal Effects of Geothermal Development. Cl, Br, B, Li, and the water isotopes are is very questionable. Resource Area cannot be ruled out in WRIR 91-4052 discusses several options conservative constituents and are not In a description of the Y-10 well, spite of the claims by Sorey et al. to for geothermal development and ranks altered by passage through the aquifer. White et al. (1975) stated, “Because the contrary. them according to the level of risk to This may be true for hydrogen, but it is of high wellhead water pressures, the Discussions by Molnia (Perspective the Yellowstone thermal springs. As definitely not true for oxygen. There is depth of first exsolution may be as low 1 [GSA Today, December 1994]) and stated in the report, the safest options extensive literature, including a study as 170 ft.” There is no evidence that Sorey, Kharaka, and Evans (Perspective include (1) surface diversion of the flow of Mammoth Hot Springs, devoted to the sample described by Kharaka et al. 2) of the legal aspects (the takings of La Duke Hot Spring, (2) use of down- the changes in δ18O of water that reacts (1990) from a depth of 53 m (173.9 ft), issue) of protection of the geothermal hole heat exchangers in wells, and with carbonates and silicates in reser- using a down-hole sampler, actually resources of the park are not relevant (3) well production from only the exist- voir rocks. I question whether any of degassed before collection. to the issue of the risk associated with ing Church Universal and Triumphant the listed species is truly conservative For these reasons, I find Sorey, development. The legality of protection (CUT) geothermal well. We noted that under all circumstances. WRIR 91-4052 Evans, and Kharaka’s assumption of is a public issue to be decided by more risk is involved with the use of (chapter F) admits that the concentra- He loss prior to collection suspect. My Congress, not the USGS. additional geothermal wells anywhere tion of many of these “conservative” argument relative to the importance My original argument that WRIR in the Corwin Springs area unless such constituents are affected by water-rock of the difference in the 4He/3He ratios 91-4052 presented a resource-develop- wells obtain production mainly from interactions. between the Y-10 and CUT wells still ment bias still stands, and my plea for the capture of natural thermal-water The determination of the “true” stands. careful examination of the evidence discharge and the reservoir drawdown concentration of helium in well Y-10 I concede that improvements in regarding possible environmental dam- in the development area remains small. was not properly discussed in WRIR 91- the analytical technique for the analy- age due to resource development to a We acknowledged that a small level of 4052. In Perspective 4, Sorey, Kharaka, sis of sulfate in water, made after my unique and fragile environment such drawdown beneath Yellowstone cannot and Evans state that, in order to correct discussion of the errors of analysis as Yellowstone National Park is still be avoided even when producing only for suspected degassing of the water was written, now makes it possible to appropriate. from the CUT well, which is located sample just prior to collection, the reduce the analytical error from 0.4 less than 3 km from the boundary of assumption was made that original Ar ppm to 0.2 ppm. This will allow the REFERENCES CITED Yellowstone National Park. If the concentration in both Y-10 and the contribution of sub-bottom springs accepted goal is to prevent any hydro- Church Universal and Triumphant Kharaka, Y. K., Mariner, R. H., Ambats, G., Evans, under the Yellowstone River to be logic change beneath Yellowstone, we (CUT) well was similar because Ar in W. C., White, L. D., Bullen, T. D., and Kennedy, monitored for a somewhat longer part B. M., 1990, Origins of water and solutes in and would agree that no well production both was derived from atmospheric sat- of the year than the six weeks stated in north of the Norris-Mammoth corridor, Yellow- should be allowed at such distances uration. Because the measured Ar con- stone National Park: Geothermal Resources Coun- Perspective 3. This represents a small outside the park. However, we stand centration of the Y-10 sample was cil Transactions, v. 14, p. 705–714. decrease in the risk associated with the by the WRIR 91-4052 conclusion that about 1/3 that in the CUT well, Sorey White, D. E., Fournier, R. O., Muffler, L. J. P., and recommended “safe” withdrawal of use of development options 1–3 noted et al. calculated a 20× reduction in Truesdell, A. H., 1975, Physical results of research 60 L/s from wells in the La Duke–Bear drilling in thermal areas of Yellowstone National above would pose no discernible risk to the He concentration of Y-10 due to Creek area. Park, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Profes- Yellowstone’s thermal springs, even if degassing. sional Paper 892, 70 p. ■ Sorey, Kharaka, and Evans admit this is viewed by Friedman as constitut- The 36Ar/40Ar ratio in the gas sam- to the existence of connections in the ing a “resource-development bias.” ple derived from Y-10 is very different

North-Central–South-Central system and the basis for a major rein- The Holocene alluvial stratigraphy 52242-1319, (319) 335-1575, fax 319- continued from p. 20 terpretation of lithostratigraphic units, of streams in eastern Nebraska, late 335-2754, E-mail: raymond-anderson@ boundaries, and depositional environ- Quaternary loess deposits and associ- uiowa.edu; Richard H. Hammond, Hills. James B. Swinehart, Conserva- ments. Monday–Wednesday, April 24– ated paleosols, new age determinations South Dakota Geological Survey, Sci- tion and Survey Division, University 26. Cost: $165, including transporta- on the Gilman Canyon Formation and ence Center—Campus West, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE tion, guidebook, two continental overlying Peoria Loess, and alluvial of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, 68588-0517, (402) 472-7529, fax 402- breakfasts, three lunches, and two deposits beneath the loess mantle. Sat- (605) 624-6162; David K. Watkins, 472-2410, E-mail: [email protected]; nights at hotel. Note: Participants urday, April 29. Cost: $40, including Department of Geology, University David May, Department of Geography, should prepare for temperatures rang- transportation, guidebook, box lunch, of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE University of Northern Iowa, Cedar ing from 32 to 70 °F and either rain, and refreshments. Limit: 55. 68588-0340. Falls, IA 50613, (319) 273-2772, fax sun, or snow. There will be some hiking 8. Hydrostratigraphic Control of Crow Creek Member (marl), Upper 319-273-7103; and David Loope, over difficult terrain. Limit: 30. Contaminant Occurrence and Cretaceous Pierre Shale: a transgressive Department of Geology, University Transport, Offutt Air Force Base, unit above a regional unconformity or of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE Postmeeting Nebraska. Bob Goodwin, Denny Jor- an impact-induced tsunamite triggered 68588-0340, (402) 472-2647. 5. Ashfall Fossil Beds. M. R. genson, and Terry Thonen, Woodward- by the Manson impact structure? Fri- Exposures of five fills beneath Voorhies, University of Nebraska State Clyde, 101 S. 108th St., Omaha, NE day–Sunday, April 28–30. Cost: $80, loess-mantled and fluvial terraces, a Museum, W436 Nebraska Hall, Univer- 68154, (402) 334-8181. including transportation and guide- spectacular canal cut with Pliocene to sity of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE Results of contaminant characteri- book; not including lodging, two din- Holocene units, the largest sand sea in 68588-0514, office (402) 472-2654, zation studies, mostly for volatile ners, or breakfast. Limit: 25. the Western Hemisphere, interdune home (402) 435-7148. organic compounds, in soils and 11. Upper Pennsylvanian Paleo- peat with eolian sand sheet interbeds, A unique accumulation of verte- ground water of four hydrostrati- sols in the Platte and Missouri and a boiling artesian sand spring. brate fossils preserved in a volcanic ash graphic units: upland glacial, Pleis- Valleys, Southeastern Nebraska. Tuesday and Wednesday, April 25 and bed in the Ogallala Group (Miocene) in tocene terrace, and two separate allu- R. M. Joeckel, Department of Geo- 26. Cost: $125, including transporta- northeastern Nebraska, including rhi- vial units. Saturday, April 29. Cost: $35, logical Sciences, 306 G&G Building, tion, one night lodging, two lunches, nos, horses, camels, and birds. Saturday, including transportation, box lunch, University of Tennessee–Knoxville, and guidebook. Limit: 35. April 29. Cost: $38, including trans- and entrance fee for a guided tour of Knoxville, TN 37919-1410, (615) 3. Quaternary and Engineering portation, lunch, guidebook. Limit: 55. the Strategic Air Command Museum. 974-2366. Geology of the Lincoln, Nebraska, 6. Geology of the Ogallala–High Limit: 25. Paleosols in the Kansas City, Lans- Area. William J. Wayne, Department Plains Regional Aquifer System in 9. Permian Strata in the Manhat- ing, Douglas, and Shawnee Groups of of Geology, University of Nebraska– Nebraska. R. F. Diffendal Jr., Conser- tan, Kansas, Area: Implications the Upper Pennsylvanian in southeast- Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0340, vation and Survey Division, University for Climatic and Eustatic Con- ern Nebraska which have important (402) 472-2663 or (402) 472-2601. of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE trols. Allen Archer, Keith Miller, Page implications in the interpretation of Significance of recognizing the 68588-0517, (402) 472-7546, E-mail: Twiss, and Ronald West, Department of Missourian-Virgilian eustasy, tectonics, Quaternary materials around Lincoln [email protected]. Geology, Kansas State University, Man- and paleoclimate. Saturday, April 29. and the history of their deposition in The several formations of the hattan, KS 66506, (913) 532-6724. Cost: $35, including transportation, evaluating slope movements, founda- Ogallala, Ashfall Park, Pliocene fluvial Lower Permian rocks in the spill- lunch, guidebook. Limit: 25. tion stability, and flooding. Wednesday, deposits, Nebraska Sandhills, Quater- ways of Milford and Tuttle Creek Reser- April 26. Cost: $40 including guide- nary valley fills, springs, waterfalls, and voirs exposed by the 1993 flood. Satur- EXHIBITS book, box lunches, refreshments, and several of the major rivers of Nebraska. day and Sunday, April 29 and 30. Cost: Exhibits of educational and transportation. Limit: 36. Saturday–Tuesday, April 29–May 2. $30, including local transportation, commercial organizations will be on 4. The White River Group Revis- Cost: $175, including transportation by guidebook, and open-file reports; not display in the Nebraska Center near ited: Vertebrate Trackways, Eco- van, three nights lodging (double occu- including room, meals, or transporta- the symposia, technical, and poster systems, and Lithostratigraphic pancy), park admittance fee, and guide- tion to and from Manhattan. Limit: 50. sessions. Exhibits will be open Thurs- Revision, Redefinition, and book. Limit: 10. 10. The Crow Creek Member, day 8:00 a.m.–5:00 p.m., and Friday Redescription. Dennis O. Terry Jr., 7. Late Quaternary Landscape Pierre Shale (Upper Cretaceous) 8:00 a.m.–11:00 a.m. The exhibits coor- Hannan E. LaGarry, and W. Brantly Evolution and Stratigraphy in of Southeast South Dakota and dinator is George Engelmann, Depart- Wells, Department of Geology, 214 Eastern Nebraska. Rolfe Mandel, Northeast Nebraska: Impact ment of Geography and Geology, Uni- Bessey Hall, University of Nebraska– 1730 SW High St., Topeka, KS 66604- Tsunamite or Basal Transgressive versity of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0340, (402) 3121, (913) 235-1647; and E. Arthur Deposit? Raymond R. Anderson and NE 68182-1099, (402) 554-2662, fax 472-2663. Bettis III, Iowa DNR, Geological Survey Brian J. Witzke, Iowa DNR, Geological 402-554-3518. ■ Spectacular exposures of vertebrate Bureau, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Survey Bureau, 109 Towbridge Hall, trackways within an Oligocene fluvial IA 52240, (319) 335-1578. University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA

GSA TODAY, January 1995 21 CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING Cole Memorial Research Awards in

Geomorphology and Micropaleontology Published on the 1st of the month of issue. Ads (or COASTAL GEOLOGIST cancellations) must reach the GSA Advertising office A full-time position for an Assistant Coastal Geologist one month prior. Contact Advertising Department is available with the Illinois State Geological Survey Through the generosity of W. Storrs Cole, two awards for support of research (303) 447-2020, 1-800-472-1988, fax 303-447-1133 in the Lakes, Streams and Wetlands Unit. This posi- are offered through GSA. The Gladys W. Cole Memorial Research Award provides or E-mail:[email protected]. tion will involve research and applied studies in research support for the investigation of the geomorphology of semiarid and arid coastal geology along the Illinois coast of Lake Michi- Per line gan. The successful candidate will have the opportu- terrains in the United States and Mexico. It is to be given to a GSA Member or Per Line for each nity to assume a leadership role in conducting a Fellow between 30 and 65 years of age who has published one or more signifi- for addt'l month study of coastal evolution and coastal sedimentary Classification 1st month (same ad) processes. This is a contract-funded position. Funds cant papers on geomorphology. Funds cannot be used for work already accom- are in place for the first year of a four-year study. plished, but recipients of a previous award may reapply if additional support is Situations Wanted $2.25 $2.00 Experience: Requires experinece in state-of-the-art needed to complete their work. The amount of this award in 1995 will be $9000. Positions Open $6.50 $5.50 techniques for beach and nearshore monitoring and Consultants $6.50 $5.50 use of maps, aerial photography, or profile data for The second award, the W. Storrs Cole Memorial Research Award, has been Services & Supplies $6.50 $5.50 mapping historical shoreline changes and areal established to support research in invertebrate micropaleontology. This award will Opportunities for Students accretion/erosion; familiar with GIS concepts and carry a stipend of $7000 and will be given each year to a GSA Member or Fellow first 25 lines $0.00 $2.35 GIS applications to coastal studies; experience in additional lines $1.35 $2.35 developing littoral sediment budgets; familiar with between 30 and 65 years of age who has published one or more significant Code number: $2.75 extra coastal engineering practices; demonstrated skills in papers on micropaleontology. verbal and written communication; ability to work as a team member and to assume team leadership. A Additional information and application forms may be obtained from June R. Agencies and organizations may submit purchase order or payment with copy. Individuals must send minimum of one or two year professional experience Forstrom, Research Grants Administrator, GSA, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, prepayment with copy. To estimate cost, count 54 as a coastal geologist preferred but not required. CO 80301. characters per line, including all punctuation and Education: Requires M.S. in geology, or equivalent professional achievement, with emphasis on coastal All applications must be postmarked on or before February 15, 1995. Actions blank spaces. Actual cost may differ if you use capi- tals, centered copy, or special characters. geology/geomorphology or related field. Ph.D. pre- taken by the Committee on Research Grants will be reported to each applicant in ferred. To apply, please send letter of application and early April. To answer coded ads, use this address: Code # ----, resume by February 16, 1995 to: Human Resources GSA Advertising Dept., P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO Office, Illinois State Geological Survey, 129 Natural 80301-9140. All coded mail will be forwarded within Resources Building, 615 East Peabody Drive, Cham- These are two of GSA’s most prestigious awards; all qualified applicants are urged to apply. 24 hours of arrival at GSA Today office. paign, Illinois 61820-6964, (217) 244-2401, FAX (217) 244-7004. ISGS is an AA/EEO and ADA employer. Women and minorities are encouraged to apply.

ENVIRONMENTAL Alternates Receive Research Grants Positions Open GEOSCIENTIST/HYDROGEOLOGIST OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY The U.S. Geological Survey has officially opened The Geosciences Department at Oregon State Uni- vacancy announcement SES-94-1, Chief, Geologic versity seeks to fill a tenure-track position at the Each year when the GSA Commit- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and Division, to the receipt of applications. This is a assistant professor level starting in September 1995, tee on Research Grants selects grant State University, Blacksburg; Mette S. career civil service position, in the Senior Executive in groundwater geology, low-temperature aqueous Service, with a salary range that begins at $96,830 geochemistry, geologic hazards, paleoclimatology, or recipients, they also select an alternate Jordan, Colorado State University, Fort per annum. Applicants for this full-time position engineering geology. A Ph.D. is required. Successful group of recipients in the event that Collins; Elizabeth Veenstra Meyers, should have achieved national recognition for out- applicants will be expected to develop a vigorous, some of the grantees return part or University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; standing scholarship and professional research in externally funded research program, to supervise the geosciences as well as possess significant man- and teach undergraduate geoscience courses and all of their funds because they have Jochen E. Mezger, University of Alberta, agerial experience. Telephone inquiries and requests graduate level courses in their specialization, and to received funding elsewhere or have Edmonton, Canada; Hacob Mkrtchian, for forms including a complete vacancy announce- direct the research of M.S. and Ph.D. candidates. changed their research plans. As the University of Southern California, ment, which includee position requirements and pro- The Geosciences Department has strengths in vides application requirements and procedures, may petrology, geologic structure, sedimentary geology, returned funds become available, they Los Angeles; Mei Shen, University of be directed to Sandy Sherman on (703) 648-7421 or surficial processes, physical and resource geogra- are awarded to the alternates named by Michigan, Ann Arbor; Darren B. Sjo- Lisa Snooks on (703) 648-7420. To be considered, phy, and spatial analysis. The department has 20 applications must be received at the USGS, Office of faculty, 90 graduate students, and 170 undergradu- the committee. gren, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Personnel, 215 National Center, Reston, Virginia ate majors. The candidate is expected to play a cen- In 1994 eight alternates received Canada; James J. Vogel, University 22092, by January 20, and reference announcement tral role in developing an interdisciplinary program in funding following the initial awarding of California, Santa Barbara. ■ SES-94-1. The USGS is an equal opportunity earth and environmental geosciences. Collaborative employer. U.S. citizenship is required. research opportunities exist with other local pro- of grants. They are: Gwen M. Daley,

Ice Sheets continued from p. 13 Hill, R. S., and Truswell, E. M., 1993, Nothofagus on global change: Antarctic Research Series, v. 56, and Went, E., eds., Start of a glacial: Berlin, fossils in the Sirius Group, Transantarctic Moun- p. 1–6. Springer-Verlag, p. 207–223. Clarke, A., and Crame, J. A., 1989, The origin of tains: Leaves and pollen and their climatic impli- the Southern Ocean marine fauna, in Crame, J. A., cations, in Kennett, J. P., and Warnke, D. A., eds., Kennett, J. P., and Hodell, D. A., 1993, Evidence Robin, G. de Q., 1988, The Antarctic Ice Sheet, ed., Origins and evolution of the Antarctic biota: The Antarctic paleoenvironment: A perspective on for relative climatic stability of Antarctica during its history and response to sea level and climatic Geological Society of London Special Publica- global change, 2: Antarctic Research Series, v. 60, the early Pliocene: A marine perspective: Geo- changes over the past 100 million years: Palaeo- tion 47, p. 253–268. p. 67–73. grafiska Annaler, v. 75A, p. 205–220. geography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 67, p. 31–50. Denton, G. H., Sugden, D. E., Marchant, D. R., Hodell, D. A., and Venz, K., 1992, Toward a high- Kennett, J. P., and Vella, P., 1975, Late Cenozoic Hall, B. L., and Wilch, T. I., 1993., East Antarctic resolution stable isotopic record of the Southern planktonic foraminifera and palaeoceanography Shackleton, N. J., and Kennett, J. P., 1975, Late ice sheet sensitivity to Pliocene climatic change Ocean during the Pliocene-Pleistocene (4.8 to at DSDP Site 284 in the cool subtropical south Cenozoic oxygen and carbon isotopic changes at from a Dry Valleys perspective: Geografiska 0.8 Ma), in Kennett, J. P., and Warnke, D. A., eds., Pacific, in Kennett, J. P., Houtz, R. E., et al., Initial DSDP Site 284: Implications for glacial history of Annaler, v. 75A, p. 155–204. The Antarctic paleoenvironment: A perspective on reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project, Volume the Northern Hemisphere and Antarctica, in Ken- global change, 1: Antarctic Research Series, v. 56, 29: Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing nett, J. P., Houtz, R. E., et al., Initial reports of the Dowsett, H. J., and Cronin, T. M., 1990. High p. 265–310. Office, p. 869–782. Deep Sea Drilling Project, Volume 29: Washing- eustatic sea level during the middle Pliocene: ton, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, Evidence from the southeastern U.S. Atlantic Huybrechts, Ph., 1992, The Antarctic Ice Sheet Krantz, D. E., 1991, A chronology of Pliocene p. 801–807. Coastal Plain: Geology, v. 18, p. 435–438. and environmental change: A three-dimensional sea-level fluctuations: The U.S. Middle Atlantic modeling study: Berichte zur Polarforschung, Coastal Plain record: Quaternary Science Reviews, Shackleton, N. J., Hall, M. A., and Pate, D., 1994, Elmstrom, K., and Kennett, J. P., 1986. Late Neo- v. 99, 241 p. v. 10, p. 163–174. Pliocene stable isotope stratigraphy of ODP Site gene palaeoceanographic evolution of Site 590: 846, in Procedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Southwest Pacific, in Kennett, J. P., von der Borch, Ishman, S. E., and Rieck, H. J., 1992, A late Neo- Lawver, L. A., Gahagan, L. M., and Coffin, M. F., scientific results: College Station, Texas, Ocean C. C., et al., Initial reports of the Deep Sea Drilling gene Antarctic glacio-eustatic record, Victoria 1992, The development of paleoseaways around Drilling Program, p. 138. Project, Volume 90: Washington, D.C., U.S. Gov- Land Basin Margin, Antarctica, in Kennett, J. P., Antarctica, in Kennett, J. P., and Warnke, D. A., ernment Printing Office, p. 1361–1382. and Warnke, D. A., eds., The Antarctic Paleoenvi- eds., The Antarctic paleoenvironment: A perspec- Toggweiler, J. R., and Sarmiento, J. L., 1985. ronment: A perspective on global change: Antarc- tive on global change, 1: Antarctic Research Series, Glacial to interglacial changes in atmospheric Gordon, A. L. 1988, Spatial and temporal variabil- tic Research Series, v. 56, p. 327–347. v. 56, p. 7–30. carbon dioxide: The critical role of ocean surface ity within the Southern Ocean, in Sahrhage, D., water in high latitudes, in Sundquist, E. T., and ed., Antarctic Ocean and resources variability: Kennett, J. P., 1977, Cenozoic evolution of Lazarus, D., and Caulet, J. P., 1993, Cenozoic Broecker, W. S., eds., The carbon cycle and southern ocean reconstructions from sedimento- New York, Springer-Verlag, p. 41–56. Antarctic glaciation, the Circum-Antarctic Ocean, atmospheric CO2: Natural variations Archean and their impact on global paleoceanography; logic, radiolarian, and other microfossil data, in to Present: American Geophysical Union Mono- Greenlee, S. M., and Moore, T. C., 1988, Recogni- Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 82, p. Kennett, J. P., and Warnke, D. A., eds., The Ant- graph 32, p. 163–184. tion and interpretation of depositional sequences 3843–3860. arctic paleoenvironment: A perspective on and calculation of sea-level changes from strati- global change: Antarctic Research Series, v. 60, Truswell, E. M., 1986, Palynology, in Barrett, P. J., graphic data—offshore New Jersey and Alabama Kennett, J. P., and Barker, P. F., 1990, Latest Creta- p. 145–174. ed., Antarctic Cenozoic history from the MSSTS-1 Tertiary, in Wilgus, D. K., et al., eds., Sea-level ceous to Cenozoic climate and oceanographic drillhole, McMurdo Sound: Wellington, New changes—An integrated approach: Society of developments in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica: Marchant, D. R., Swisher, C. C., III, Lux, D. R., Zealand, Department of Scientific and Industrial Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists An ocean-drilling perspective, in Proceedings of West, D. P., Jr., and Denton, G. H., 1993, Pliocene Research Bulletin 237, p. 131–134. Special Publication 42, p. 329–353. the Ocean Drilling Program, scientific results, Vol- paleoclimate and East Antarctic ice-sheet history ume 113: College Station, Texas, Ocean Drilling from surficial ash deposits: Science, v. 260, Wardlaw, B. R., and Quinn, T. M., 1991, Haq, B. U., Hardenbol, J., and Vail, P. R, 1988, Program, p. 937–960. p. 667–670. The record of Pliocene sea-level change at Mesozoic and Cenozoic chronostratigraphy and Enewetak Atoll: Quaternary Science Reviews, cycles of sea-level change, in Wilgus, D. K., et al., Kennett, J. P., and Barron, J. A., 1992, Introduc- Mercer, J. H., 1978, West Antarctic ice sheet v. 10, p. 247–258. eds., Sea-level changes—An integrated approach, tion, in Kennett, J. P., and Warnke, D. A., eds., and CO2 greenhouse effect. A threat of disaster: Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineral- The Antarctic paleoenvironment: A perspective Nature, v. 271, p. 321–325. Warnke, D. A., Allen, C. P., Muller, D. W., Hodell, ogists Special Publication 42, p. 71–108. D. A., and Brunner, C. A., 1992, Miocene-Pliocene Mildenhall, D. C., 1989, Terrestrial palynology, in Antarctic glacial evolution: A synthesis of ice- Barrett, P. J., ed., Antarctic Cenozoic history from rafted debris, stable isotope, and planktonic the CIROS-1 drillhole, McMurdo Sound: Welling- Plutonism from Antarctica to Alaska edited by foraminiferal indicators, ODP Leg 114, in Kennett, Of Related Interest from GSA … ton, New Zealand, Department of Scientific and J. P., and Warnke, D. A., eds., The Antarctic pale- S. M. Kay and C. W. Rapela, 1990, SPE241, $ 45.00 Industrial Research Bulletin 245, p. 119–127. Geology and Paleontology of the Ellsworth oenvironment: A perspective on global change, 1: Tectonic Evolution of a Forearc Terrane, Southern Antarctic Research Series, v. 56, p. 311–325. Mountains, West Antarctica edited by G.F. Webers, Scotia Ridge, Antarctica by Ian W. D. Dalziel, 1984, Quilty, P. G., 1993, Coastal East Antarctic Neo- C. Craddock, and J.F. Splettstoesser, 1992, MWR170, $97.50 SPE200, $4.50 gene sections and their contribution to the ice Webb, P-N., and Harwood, D. M., 1991, Late Geology and Paleontology of Seymour Island, sheet evolution debate, in Kennett, J. P., and Cenozoic glacial history of the Ross Embayment, contact GSA to order any of these volumes Warnke, D. A., eds., The Antarctic paleoenviron- Antarctic Peninsula edited by R. M. Feldmann and or for a complete publications catalog. Antarctica: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 10, M. O. Woodburne, 1988, MWR169, $63.75 ment: A perspective on global change: Antarctic p. 215–224. Research Series, v. 60, p. 251–264. Glacial Marine Sedimentation; Paleoclimatic Manuscript received May 5, 1994; revision received Significance edited by J.B. Anderson and G.M. Ashley, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301, 303-447-2020 Raymo, M. E., 1992, Global climate change: July 17, 1994; accepted July 21, 1994 ■ 1991, SPE261, $47.50 1-800-472-1988, fax 303-447-1133 A three million year perspective, in Kukla, G. J.,

22 GSA TODAY, January 1995 grams in the Colleges of Forestry, Engineering, Agri- Survey, U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. National diversity. In that spirit, we are particularly interested tion is January 15, 1995, for study beginning the fol- cultural Sciences, and Oceanic and Atmospheric Sci- Park Service, Desert Research Institute, and the in receiving applications from a broad spectrum of lowing fall. The University of Minnesota is an equal ences, the Water Resources Research Institute, the Harry Reid Center for Environmental Studies. Appli- people, including women, members of ethnic minori- opportunity educator and employer. Center for Analysis of Environmental Change, and cants should include a statement of research and ties, and disabled individuals. the US EPA Environmental Research Laboratory- teaching interests that specifically addresses the Graduate Assistantships, Texas Christian University. Corvallis. Oregon State University is a Land Grant, teaching of a one-semester mineralogy/optical miner- CURATOR AND D. C. GABRIEL The Geology Department and the Center for Remote Sea Grant, Space Grant, and Carnegie Class I alogy course, a proposed course syllabus for a one- PROFESSOR OF MINERALOGY Sensing and Energy Research has assistantships Research University. semester mineralogy/optical mineralogy course; a MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY available for M.S. students. Areas of department Those interested in applying for the position currculum vita; and the names, addresses, telephone The Seaman Mineral Museum and the Department expertise include hydrogeology, groundwater model- should send a letter of interest, curriculum vitae, numbers, and E-mail addresses of four references. of Geological Engineering and Sciences at Michigan ing and remediation, remote sensing, environmental names of three references, and a statement of antici- Candidates should arrange to have official academic Technological University seek an outstanding candi- geology and geochemistry, carbonate and clastic pated research and teaching interests, along with transcripts sent directly to Dr. Eugene I. Smith, date for a joint position as Curator and tenure-track sedimentology, paleovolcanology, structure and tec- evidence of teaching effectiveness and scholarly Department of Geoscience, University of Nevada Las D. C. Gabriel Professor of Mineralogy, at the level of tonics, Precambrian geology, paleontology, and com- activity to Alan Niem, Chair, Geosciences Search Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4010. Review of appli- Associate Professor or higher. The professorship is puter applications in geology. Field research is car- Committee, Department of Geosciences, Oregon cations will begin January 20, 1995 and will continue funded by the D. C. Gabriel Endowment to Michigan ried out in Scotland, the Sierra Nevada in California, State University, Wilkinson Hall 104, Corvallis, OR until an appointment is made. UNLV is an Equal Tech and is intended to strengthen the academic role and Africa, as well as in Texas and Oklahoma. 97331-5506; Telephone (503) 737-1233; FAX (503) Opportunity/Affirmative Action employer. Position of the museum. The Seaman Mineral Museum, the Department facilities include analytical equipment for 737-1200, E-mail: [email protected]. Candidates Number: P82033. Mineralogical Museum of Michigan and one of North environmental analysis and a state-of-the-art remote- will be notified before letters of reference are America's premier mineralogical collections, is sensing lab with computer work stations and image requested. Applications will be reviewed starting HYDROGEOLOGIST/ENVIRONMENTAL located in Michigan's mineral-rich Copper Country, processing/GIS software. Financial aid includes a February 1, 1995, until the position is filled. GEOLOGIST the continent's first great metal mining area. The yearly stipend of $7,000, full tuition waiver, and up to Oregon State University is an affirmative Tenure-track Assistant Professorship, Department of museum plans a major expansion with greater inter- $1,500 for research expenses. Contact the Graduate action/equal opportunity employer. OSU has a policy Geology, Auburn University. Ph.D. in a geoscience action with KÐ12 schools, the general public, and the Advisor, Department of Geology, Texas Christian of being responsive to the needs of dual-career required with specialty in hydrogeology and/or envi- university community. Successful applicants must University, Fort Worth, TX 76129 (817-921-7270). couples. ronmental geology. Teaching responsibilities will have a vision for the role of mineral museums on uni- include both graduate level specialty and undergrad- versity campuses, evidence of past and continuing NASA Planetary Biology Internships. The Marine KECK GEOLOGY CONSORTIUM uate general geology courses. Research should be mineralogical research activities, teaching experi- Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, SUMMER RESEARCH PROJECTS related to hydrogeology and applied environmental ence, and a commitment to quality teaching. Experi- invites applications from graduate students and We seek three professional earth scientists of minor- geology. Send letter of application, resume, tran- ence as curator of mineral collections is critical, seniors accepted to graduate programs for awards of ity heritage to join with faculty from the 12 schools in scripts, and the names and addresses of three refer- including expert knowledge in specimen mineralogy, $2200 plus travel to participate in research at NASA the Keck Geology Consortium to lead research ences to: Robert B. Cook, Head, Department of mineral occurrences, specimen valuation, and mod- centers and collaborating institutions for approxi- groups for exceptional undergraduate students, Geology, 210 Petrie Hall, Auburn University, AL ern mineral markets. A Ph.D. is required, preferably mately 8 weeks. Typical intern programs include: including several students of color. We welcome 36849. Applicant screenings will begin about Febru- in the geological sciences with a specialty in mineral- global ecology, remote sensing, microbial ecology, applicants from all parts of the profession and in all ary 1, 1995 and continue until position is filled. ogy. Applicants should send a curriculum vitae, a biomineralization, and origin and early evolution of specialties (particularly geomorphology). A stipend of AA/EOE. Minorities and women are encourged to statement of their vision for mineral museums in the life. Application deadline: 1 March 1995. For informa- $4500 and all expenses are paid for participation in a apply next century, a statement of teaching and research tion/applications, contact: Lorraine Olendzenski, 4-5 week summer project. Interested persons should interests, and the names and addresses of at least Planetary Biology Internship, Department of Biology, contact Dr. Cathryn A. Manduca, Keck Geology Con- ECONOMIC GEOLOGIST/MINERALOGIST four references to: Dr. S. D. McDowell, Museum Box 3-5810, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, sortium Coordinator at (507) 663-4425, or E-mail: Applications are invited for a tenure-track assistant Search Committee, Department of Geological Engi- MA 01003-5810. E-mail:[email protected]. Tel [email protected]. Positions are contingent professor position beginning August 1995. The suc- neering and Sciences, Michigan Technological Uni- (413) 545-3223. An Equal Opportunity/Affirmative on NSF funding. cessful candidate will be expected to teach under- versity, 1400 Townsend Dr., Houghton, MI 49931- Action Employer. graduate courses in economic geology and mineral- 1295. Screening of applications will begin January ogy. Industry experience and specialized knowledge GEOCHRONOLOGIST 31, 1995, but applications will be accepted until the on the environmental consequences and human UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA, LAS VEGAS position is filled. Michigan Technological University is impact of coal and oil exploration/mining in the mid- an equal opportunity educational institution/equal Services & Supplies The Departmentof Geoscience at the University of west will be advantageous. The new geologist will opportunity employer. Nevada, Las Vegas invites application for a tenure- also teach introductory geology and offer a graduate CBLS * BOOKS * CBLS * BOOKS * CBLS * BOOKS * CBLS * track position in Geochronology at the rank of assis- course in the area of his/her expertise. The ideal CBLS is a bookseller. You may order all your Geo- tant or associate professor to start in August 1995. candidate will establish and maintain an externally science books from us. * One Source * Prompt Ser- Applicants with research interests in radiogenic iso- funded research program that involves both under- Opportunities for Students vice * Volume discounts. We also publish new books topic geochemistry are invited to apply. Preference graduate and graduate students. Preference will be or reprint OOP books on demand. We have reprints will be given to those applicants with research inter- Graduate Fellowships in Landscape Studies. Five of classical books such as Azaroff "Elem. of X-Ray 40 39 given to an individual who is field-oriented and has est in Ar/ Ar geochronology. Regardless of strong computing/numerical background. The candi- NSF fellowships available at the Masters or Ph.D. Crystallog." & “Electronic Processes in Mat'ls," research speciality, applicants must demonstrate date's research interests should mesh with current level at Oregon State University in spatio-temporal Barker "Igneous Rocks," Bolt "Inside the Earth," excellence in the ability and willingness to teach a areas of expertise at ISU which include volcanology, analysis of ecological and physical systems at land- Costa "Surficial Geol.," DeHoff "Quantita. Micros.," lower-division undergraduate mineralogy/optical min- petrology, sedimentology, geophysics, tectonics, scape to regional scales. Interdisciplinary research Edington "Pract. Elect. Micro. in Mat'ls Sci.," eralogy course. The successful candidate will be paleomagnetism, remote sensing/GIS, and geomor- areas include forest ecology, hydrology/geomorphol- Grimshaw "Chem. & Phys. of Clays," Guy "Intro to expected to develop a vigorous program of research phology. A Ph.D. is required. Applicants should send ogy, geographical information systems, remote sens- Mat'ls," McKee "Cascadia," Megaw "Crys. Struc- and participate enthusiastically in both graduate and resume, statements of teaching and research philos- ing, spatial statistics and modelling. Minorities are tures," Peters "Geol. in Coal Resource Utilization," undergraduate teaching. Teaching duties will include ophy and interests and names of three references to encouraged to apply. Interested students should sub- Robinson "Basic Phys. Geol.," Sawkins "The Evolv- introductory courses, mineralogy/optical mineralogy, Dr. Robert Howe, Department of Geography, Geol- mit a letter describing their specific interest in this ing Earth: A Text in Phys. Geol.," Stoddard "Field and upper division undergraduate and graduate ogy, and Anthropology, Indiana State University, program in addition to their application to one of the Tech. & Res. Meth. Geog.," Thomas "Transm. Elect. courses in the applicant’s field of expertise. A Ph.D. Terre Haute, IN 47809. Preference will be given to following departments: Forest Science, Forest Mrcros.," etc. Call order at tel. 614-374-9458 or tel in geology is required by the date of appointment. applications received prior to February 15, 1995. ISU Resources, or Geosciences at OSU. Application 703-758-1518 or fax at 703-352-8862; or write to The successful candidate will join a 12-member fac- is an equal opportunity/affirmative-action employer. deadline is 2-1-95. For further information, contact CBLS, 119 Brentwood St., Marietta, OH 45750 USA. ulty in a department with strong M.S. programs in the Faculty Advisory Committee, NSF Graduate CBLS * BOOKS * CBLS * BOOKS * CBLS * BOOKS * CBLS * geology, hydrology, and water resources manage- HYDROGEOLOGIST GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES Traineeship Program, Department of Forest Science, ment. A proposed Ph.D. in geoscience should be DEPARTMENT UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, considered for approval and funding in the next bien- PHOTO CD-ROM; ARCHES NATIONAL PARK. 100 AT SANTA BARBARA 503-737-2244. nium. Numerous opportunities exist for collaborative colorful photographic quality, ROYALTY FREE The Department of Geological Sciences and the research within the department and with other orga- images. Hoodoos, weathering, erosion, etc. You Environmental Studies-Hydrological Sciences Pro- Keck Geology Consortium/Undergraduate nizations on campus or nearby including the U.S. need Kodak Photo CD Access software, or equiva- gram invites applications for a joint tenure-track posi- Research Opportunities for Students of Color. Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Geological lent, on any computer. $12.95, ppd. Was $34.95! tion in Hydrogeology, available July 1, 1995. The The Keck Geology Consortium is seeking undergrad- Cinema Expeditions, Inc., 17 Leisure Dr., Kirksville, position is to be filled at the assistant professor level. uate earth science students of minority heritage to MO 64501. Applicants should have a broad geoscience back- participate in its summer research program. Sopho- gorund with primary research interests centered on more students who have completed at least one WANTED: Strain-free, D Plan or DAch, 100x oil- the role of fluids in the shallow earth. Applicants with geology course are invited to apply for 5 weeks of immersion, objective or other accessory lens for specialization in aqueous geochemistry, sub-surface field research in either Wyoming or Massachusetts. Olympus BH-2. Reply to: RFG, 4603 Hoskins Rd., organic/solute transport, or a combination of the Junior students who have declared a geology major North Vancouver, B.C., CANADA V7K 2R2. above are especially encouraged to apply. The suc- are invited to apply for one of 5 senior projects. cessful applicant will be expected to build a strong Seniors will participate in 4 weeks of summer research program and fulfill undergraduate teaching research and complete a term to year of independent needs in hydrogeology, environmental geology, and study at the student's home institution. Students engineering geology. A Ph.D. is required at the time receive a stipend of $1200 and expenses. Interested Mt. Eden Books of appointment. Submit resume, statement of persons should contact Dr. Cathryn A. Manduca, research and teaching interests, and names of three Keck Geology Consortium Coordinator at (507) 663- references to: Dr. David Lea, Chair, Search Commit- 4425, or E-mail: [email protected]. Positions & tee, Department of Geological Sciences, University are contingent on NSF funding. Student selection will of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9630. Dead- begin February 6. Bindery line: February 1, 1995. UCSB is an Equal Opportu- nity/ Affirmative Action employer. University of Minnesota, Department of Geology and Geophysics, National Science Foundation Specializing in out-of- STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY/TECTONICS Ph.D. Fellowships in Crustal-Scale Hydrology UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO, BOULDER (GEOFLUIDS). Five 12-month NSF fellowships are print and rare books in The Department of Geological Sciences is recruiting available to support interdisciplinary doctoral the GEOLOGICAL SCI- for a tenure-track faculty position in Structural Geol- research and training in fluid circulation, composition, ogy/Tectonics. Candidates at the Assistant Professor interaction, and history within the Earth's crust on ENCES. Including level are preferred, but candidates at all levels will be topics as diverse as mid-ocean ridge processes, sed- considered. Preference will be given to candidates imentary-basin evolution, tectonics, climate change, USGS publications, whose specialty in Structural Geology/Tectonics ocean history, limnology, hydrogeology, and the fate complements ongoing teaching and research pro- of pollutants. GEOFLUIDS participants will benefit general geology, min- grams in regional and global tectonic studies, energy from exceptional facilities within the department ing, paleontology, geo- and minerals exploration, geophysics, geochemistry, including state-of-the-art instrumentaiton for stable and petrology. Candidate must have a strong back- isotope and radioisotope analysis, major and trace physics, hydrology, min- ground and experience in field aspects of the disci- element analysis of aqueous (ICP-MS) and solid pline. Ph.D. is required and post-doctoral/ industrial phases (Electron Microprobe), experimental and eralogy, etc. experience preferred. The successful applicant will computational fluid-dynamics laboratories, sediment- be expected to conduct an active research program, core analysis, and hydrogeologic field sampling direct graduate students, attract external funding, equipment including fluorescent dye-tracing capabili- FREE CATALOG and teach at the graduate and undergraduate level, ties. The GEOFLUIDS program also offers unique including the introductory non-major program, and opportunities for interdisciplinary research initiatives field geology. The position will start during August in collaboration with governmental agencies, national P.O. Box 1014 1995; the Department will move into a new building laboratories, universities, and industrial affiliates. The Cedar Ridge, CA 95924 during September 1997. deparment welcomes applications from highly moti- (916) 274-BOOK (2665) Applicants should submit a current Curriculum vated, imaginative students interested in interdisci- Vitae, a summary of current and proposed research plinary research in Earth processes. Applicants must FAX (916) 274-2847 and teaching interests, and arrange to have at least be U.S. citizens or permanent residents and have E-mail:[email protected] three letters of recommendation sent to the Struc- obtained a bachelor's degree in a relevant discipline. tural Geology Search Committee, Department of Women and minority students, especially those from Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boul- non-Ph.D. granting institutions, are encouraged to der, CO 80309-0250. The deadline for applications is apply. Interested students should contact Dr. Mark January 31, 1995. It is the applicant's responsibility Person, GEOFLUIDS Program Coordinator, Univer- Ads Get Results to see that the letters of reference arrive before the sity of Minnesota, Department of Geology and Geo- deadline. physics, 310 Pillsbury Dr. SE, Minneapolis, MN 1-800-472-1988 The University of Colorado at Boulder has a 55455, or call (612) 625-7332, or e-mail: mper- strong institutional commitment to the principle of [email protected]. The deadline for applica-

GSA TODAY, January 1995 23 Coal Division Offers Medlin Award

The Coal Geology Division of the Geological Society of America announces the availability of the Antoinette Lierman Medlin Schol- arship in Coal Geology for the 1995–1996 academic year. The scholarships provide full-time stu- dents who are involved in research in coal geology (origin, occur- rence, geologic characteristics, or economic implications of coal and associated rocks) with financial support for their project for one year. Scholarship funding can Seismotectonics of the Basins of the Rio Grande The Ordovician Deicke be used for field or laboratory Central California Coast Rift: Structure, Stratigraphy, and Millbrig K-Bentonite expenses, sample analyses, instru- Ranges and Tectonic Setting Beds of the Cincinnati mentation, supplies, or other ex- edited by I. B. Alterman, edited by G. R. Keller and Arch and Southern Valley penses essential to the successful R. B. McMullen, L. S. Cluff, and S. M. Cather, 1994 and Ridge Province completion of the research project. D. B. Slemmons, 1994 Approximately $1500 will be avail- A collection of papers presenting by J. T. Haynes, 1994 able for the 1995–1996 scholarship This work is an outgrowth of a sym- recent research results on the Rio The author presents findings of an award. In addition, the recipient of posium bringing together the newest Grande rift, particularly its many investigation of the petrology, diage- the scholarship may be provided information on the seismotectonics of prominent basins. There are contribu- netic history, and stratigraphy of the with a stipend to present results the recent past and contemporary tions from most of the research groups Ordovician Deicke and Millbrig K-ben- of the research at the 1996 GSA coastal California. It provides a wide now working on this topic. The papers tonite beds in the southeastern United Annual Meeting. For the academic range of studies of the region stretch- cover a wide range of techniques and States. These two K-bentonites are year 1995–1996, the Coal Geology ing from about San Simeon south to approaches but are all focused on the altered volcanic ash, representing the Division is also offering a field Point Conception and into the Santa structure, stratigraphy, and tectonic airfall deposits of two of the largest study award of $500. Barbara Channel. The volume is subdi- setting of the rift and the basins that single-vent volcanic eruptions in the vided into sections on (1) the tectonic characterize it. The geographic cover- Proposals for the scholarship Phanerozoic rock record. A description and the field study award will be setting of the offshore and onshore age is also broad because the entire of the primary and authigenic miner- evaluated by a panel of coal geo- Santa Maria Basin, (2) the San length of the rift is treated, as are sev- als is followed by interpretation of the scientists. Applicants may apply for Simeon/Hosgri fault system, and (3) eral flanking features. The emphasis of origin and diagenetic history of both the scholarship award, the field the distribution and nature of seismic- the volume is on bettering our under- beds. Because of their persistence study award, or both; however, ity in the region. It includes among standing of the nature and extent of across several facies changes in the only one award will be made to the several techniques and topics soil the rift and of the timing of events southern Appalachians, the Deicke a successful applicant. science, paleoseismological analysis, during its evolution. and Millbrig are ideal for observing calculations of Quaternary marine ter- SPE291, 316 p., paperback, indexed, Interested students should the effects of varying burial conditions race uplift rates, structural and field ISBN 0-8137-2291-8, $72.50 submit five copies of the following: on a compositionally uniform stra- stress analyses, geophysical instrumen- (1) a covering letter indicating tum. This lateral persistence makes tation, and estimating slip rates on which award(s) is (are) sought; them ideal marker beds for strati- (2) a concise statement of objec- Holocene faults. The studies and con- graphic purposes as well, and the lat- tives and methods, and a state- clusions are relevant to academic ter part of the text is devoted to a dis- ment of how the scholarship funds directions of research, industry, and cussion of the regional litho- and will be used to enhance the pro- government agencies responsible for biostratigraphic significance of these ject. The proposal would be no protecting the health and safety of the two beds. more than five (5) double-spaced public. SPE290, 84 p., paperback, ISBN 0-8137-2290-X, pages in length, including refer- SPE292, 246 p., w/ 3 loose inserts, paperback, $32.00 indexed, ISBN 0-8137-2292-6, $67.00 ences; (3) a letter of recommenda- tion from the student’s immediate Publication Sales, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301, 303-447-2020 advisor which includes a statement 1-800-472-1988, fax 303-447-1133 of financial need and the amount and nature of other available fund- ing for the research project. GSA JOURNALS ON COMPACT DISC Send the material to: A CD-ROM publication of the Geological Society of America. Published since 1992, each annual disc Sharon S. Crowley contains an entire year of articles from GSA Bulletin, Geology, and GSA Today, plus the current year’s GSA Chairman, A. Lierman Medlin Data Repository, and a Retrospective Electronic Index to GSA’s journal articles published since 1972. Scholarship Committee Users can search the full ASCII text of all articles, or view, print, or export from them. Scanned, graphical U.S. Geological Survey page-images of all articles are also included, linked to the ASCII text; users can view or print these. High- MS 956 National Center resolution versions of all b&w and color photographs are provided, linked to the ASCII text, to overcome Reston, VA 22092 the low quality of these photos on the scanned pages. Starting in 1995, publication frequency changes to Phone: (703)648-6453 twice-annually and new technology greatly improves the photos on the scanned pages. The Data Repository, and any inserts, are available only as scanned images without ASCII text. The proposal and letter of rec- ommendation must arrive no later GSA Journals on CD is available for both DOS and Macintosh as follows: than February 15, 1995. Applicants ■ JCD001. 2-year, 2-CD introductory package (1992 & ISSN 1052-5173 will be notified of the Scholarship 1993), 6,000+ pgs. Available immediately. Net price: GSA SECOND CLASS Members $99, all others $125. Postage Paid Committee’s decision by April 1, ■ The Geological Society of America JCD004. 1-year, 1-CD (1994), 3,000+ pgs. Available 3300 Penrose Place at Boulder, Colorado 1995. February, 1995. Net price: GSA Members $99, all others P.O. Box 9140 and at additional mailing offices The scholarship was estab- $125. ■ JCD005. 1-year, 2-CDs (1995), 3,000+ pgs. First six- Boulder, CO 80301 lished as a memorial to Antoinette month-CD available July 1995; complete annual CD avail- “Toni” Medlin who, for many years able February 1996. Net price: GSA Members $89, all oth- dedicated her efforts toward the ers $125. This edition available in Windows version, also. advancement of coal geoscience UNSURE? A free demonstration diskette is available for DOS- and to the encouragement of based PCs showing in detail the operation of the CD — screens, menus, graphics, with many descriptive comments. Call or write students in coal geology. Monies for a copy. for the scholarships are derived from the annual interest income 1-800-472-1988 303-447-2020; fax 303-447-1133 from the scholarship fund. Indicate DOS or Macintosh platform when ordering. JOIN THE DIGITAL REVOLUTION WITH GSA!