Diving Physics

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Diving Physics and Physiology

In order to fully appreciate the physiological problems that can be encountered while diving, one must thoroughly understand the concepts of pressure, the physical characteristics of gases and the basic laws that govern gases and their effects on the body.

Terminology and Definitions

Compression-That part of a dive that increases pressure upon a diver. The deeper a diver goes-the more the pressure.

Decompression-That part of a dive when the diver ascends toward the surface, decreasing the pressure. In a chamber dive, that part of a dive when the pressure is being lowered.

Recompression-a return to compression after ascent to the surface on a water dive; a return to surface pressure from altitude; a term used to describe medical treatment of decompression sickness.

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Hyperbaric-a word used to describe increased pressure over the pressure in one atmosphere .

Buoyancy Concepts Archimedes Principle

Some objects float in water while others sink, and still others neither float nor sink. This is a function of buoyancy. Objects that float are called positively buoyant, those that sink are called negatively buoyant. Neutrally buoyant objects neither sink or float.

Archimedes, a Greek mathematician, stated what is known as Archimedes Principle: Any object, wholly or partly immersed in a fluid, is buoyed up by a force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.

It is from this principle that we can see how a heavy ocean liner can float: it is because of the large amount of water that it displaces. Whether an object floats or sinks, is based on not only its weight, but also the amount of water it displaces.

As divers we are mainly concerned with two different liquids: fresh water, and salt water. Because their weights are not the same, they have to be calculated as different fluids when considering buoyancy. A cubic foot of fresh water weighs approximately 62.4 lbs, while a cubic foot of salt water weighs approximately 64 lbs., the difference is due to the dissolved minerals in salt water.

Let's take a moment and look at an object in water and Archimedes Principle. An object weighing 63 pounds will sink when placed in fresh water as it weighs more than the water that it is displacing. It is negatively buoyant - it will sink. It is however being buoyed up with a http://www.gulftel.com/~scubadoc/physics.htm (2 of 10) [12/30/2001 1:35:32 PM] Diving Physics force of 62.4 lbs, so if we weighed it in the water it would only weigh .6 lbs.

The same object in salt water would still weigh 63 lbs, but would be buoyed up by a force of 64 lbs, and it would float. It would be positively buoyant in salt water. By adding 1 pound we could make the object neutrally buoyant if we kept the size the same, (without changing it's displacement).

Pressure Concepts

Pressure-a force acting on a unit of area; Pressure = Force divided by Area

Atmospheric Pressure-pressure exerted by the weight of the atmosphere; this varies with the altitude.

Barometric pressure-a measurement of atmospheric pressure; one atmosphere of pressure is equal to 760 mm Hg or 1.03 kg/cm2 or 14.7 psi (pounds per square inch).

Hydrostatic pressure-the force of a column of water acting upon a body immersed in the water, equal in all directions at a specific depth. During descent, pressure increases 0.445 psi per foot of depth in salt water or one atmosphere per 33 feet of salt water (FSW).

Gage pressure-the difference between absolute pressure and atmospheric pressure. This can be converted to absolute pressure by adding 14.7 psi or 1.03kg/cm2.

Absolute pressure-this is the sum of all pressures acting on an object. In diving this is the sum of the atmospheric pressure (33 + the hydrostatic pressure).

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Some Characteristics of Gases

Oxygen, the gas that is capable of supporting life, exists in the atmosphere on the surface of the earth at a concentration of 21%. There are specific ranges of human tolerances and can cause toxicity when concentrations exceed 30%. Oxygen also supports combustion and creates chamber safety problems. the maximal allowable concentration in multiplace chambers is 23%.

Carbon dioxide is a direct product of metabolism and is found at a maximum level of 1.5% at the surface. It is the gas that determines our rate of ventilation and causes shallow water blackout with consequent drowning. The concentration of CO2 determines ventilation schedules in multiplace chambers.

Carbon monoxide is the product of incomplete combustion of fuel, usually caused by faulty compressors. Its' toxicity is caused by its' affinity for hemoglobin and the histotoxic effect on our cytochrome A3 system. The maximum allowable level is 10 ppm (0.001%), which is about what we get on a city street.

Nitrogen-Nitrogen is an inert gas consisting about 79% of the air we breathe. It produces nitrogen narcosis in humans at a depth of 100fsw, causes decompression sickness on ascent because of the bubbles that form on reduction of pressure. it is the gas that determines our decompression schedules.

Helium-this is an inert gas present in air in very small quantity (0.0005%) and is used to prevent nitrogen narcosis. It is used as an emergency breathing gas but results in body heat loss, creates communication difficulties and increases the chance of decompression sickness.

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Gas Laws and their Physiological Significance

BOYLE'S LAW

At a given temperature the volume of a given mass of gas will vary inversely with the absolute pressure.

PV=K

Boyle's Law-This law of physics determines the volume of gases and accounts for the major portion of diving medical problems. Stated simply-the volume of gases are reduced when pressure is increased (diver descending) and the volume is increased on reduction of pressure (diver ascending). Bubbles are reduced in size when chamber pressures are increased and air-containing spaces (lungs, middle ears, sinuses) expand when chamber pressures are decreased or when the diver surfaces.

Another example of this problem of size and volume is explained by George Safirowski. "However, since most divers are introduced to the “one cubic foot of

http://www.gulftel.com/~scubadoc/physics.htm (5 of 10) [12/30/2001 1:35:32 PM] Diving Physics water” graphic, and are required to understand the weight of salt water, fresh water and air, it is much easier for them to visualize and understand an explanation using cubes instead of spheres since they were already introduced to have a concept of cubes.

A cube 1 ft x 1 ft x 1 ft = Volume displacement 1 cuft A cube twice the physical size 2 ft x 2ft x 2 ft = Volume displacement 8 cuft. The smaller cube displaces 1/8 volume of the larger cube. From there is easy to explain, it takes 8 ata to have 1/8 volume displacement. The numbers work out the same for spheres showing that a 12” diameter bubble will not become 6” diameter until it is under pressure of 8 ata, but the formula is much more complex.

Java-based Volume/Depth/Temperature Calculator

Charles' Law

At a constant pressure the volume of a mass of gas is proportional to the absolute temperature

V1/T1=V2/T2 or T x P = V

http://www.gulftel.com/~scubadoc/physics.htm (6 of 10) [12/30/2001 1:35:32 PM] Diving Physics Charles' Law-This states that volume varies with the temperature, explaining why compressing gases increases heat and decompression cools. Tank fills need to be done under water in order to keep the tanks cool; release air from a scuba tank and you'll notice that it becomes cold.

DALTON'S LAW

Total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the partial pressures that would be exerted by each gas alone as if it alone occupied the total volume.

Dalton's Law-This is the law that explains oxygen toxicity, nitrogen narcosis and the danger of even minute quantities of contaminant gases. It's the law of partial pressures, in which all the individual partial pressures of gases are totaled into one partial pressure.

Graham's Law-This states that gases flow to areas of lesser pressure and explains oxygenation between tissue compartments and the movement of inert gases through out the body.

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Henry's Law

In fluid, dissolved gas is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas to which the fluid is exposed.

Henry's Law-This rule explains O2 transport, inert gas transport and the evolution of bubbles in a solution. It states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the pressure above a liquid.

PASCAL'S LAW

P = FORCE/AREA

Pascal's Law-Pressure at any point in a body or solution has that pressure transmitted equally throughout the solution. This is the reason that deep tissue compartments and internal bubbles experience the pressure changes that occur outside the body.

How gases move about

http://www.gulftel.com/~scubadoc/physics.htm (8 of 10) [12/30/2001 1:35:32 PM] Diving Physics Perfusion-the flow of liquids in the body (blood or lymph) , through an organ or tissue during which gases and/or chemical substances are exchanged and/or redistributed.

Absorption-The process of moving a gas into the liquid phase in the body.

Solubility-This process determines the amount of gas that will dissolve at a given pressure.

Diffusion- The movement of dissolved substances from higher concentrations to lower concentrations.

Gradient-The amount of change of one quantity of substance with respect to another; a gas in solution will diffuse across a gradient, from an area of higher concentration to one of less concentration.

Conversion Factors

Pressure Conversion Factors for One Atmosphere of Pressure

10.08 meters sea water 33 feet sea water 101.3 kilopascals/square meter 1.033 kg/square cm 1.013 BARS

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760 mmHg 1034 cm H2O

1 ATM=The weight of all the air above the surface of the earth=33 feet sea water (fsw)=14.7 pounds per square inch(psi)=0.445psi/fsw=2.25 fsw/psi=0.0303 ATM/fsw One pint=one pound

Repetitive dive tables These are based on tissue halftimes of nitrogen release at 120 minutes.

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● Appendix B ● 36 Myths of Diving Physiology ● Another look at Hypothermia ● Bahaman Dive Doctors ● Barbados Diving Doctors ● Belgian Diving Physicians ● Belize Dive Doctors ● Bermuda Dive Doctors ● Biting Insects &Illnesses Caused By Insects ● Blue Orb ● Brazil Diving Physicians ● Dentistry and Diving ● Diving Medicine Online Questionnaire ● Free Diving and Shallow Water Blackout ● Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Crohn's and Ulcerative colitis) ● Messin' About ● Middle Ear Barotrauma

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Pulmonary Barotrauma

BONE & JOINT PROBLEMS Arthritis and Scuba Diving Introduction Rheumatoid Arthritis Infectious Arthritis Osteoarthritis Osteoporosis and Paget's Disease Sjogren's Syndrome Total Hip Replacement Dysbaric Osteonecrosis Chronic Adverse Effects of Diving on Bone References for Dysbaric Osteonecrosis

DECOMPRESSION ACCIDENTS Definition and Early Management Prevention References Links to Decompression Sickness DENTISTRY & DIVING Three Dental Problems* Barodontalgia (Tooth pain from pressure changes) TMJ Syndrome (Jaw and ear pain) The Edentulous Diver Over-active gag reflex Reference

DERMATOLOGY PROBLEMS IN THE DIVER Sunburn and Diving Sun Protection Cutaneous Manifestations of Decompression Sickness Dermatitis Biting Insects

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ENT PROBLEMS & DIVING

ENT Anatomy and Physiology Symptoms of Ear Dysfunction Transient Ear Dysfunction in Diving Permanent Ear Dysfunction in Diving Intracranial Difficulties due to Barotrauma ENT Guidelines for the Medical Examination of Scuba Diver

Otitis Externa Middle Ear Barotrauma (Squeeze) Inner Ear Problems Vertigo Nose Problems Nasal Congestion Other Disorders (Sinus, Alternobaric Vertigo, Reverse squeeze) Dental Problems Chronic Adverse Effects

EFFECTS OF DIVING ON THE EYE Optics Underwater Underwater Refractive Correction Sources for Prescription Dive Masks Ophthalmic Considerations in Fitness to Dive Evaluations Contra-indications to diving from Eye Problems Diving Related Vision Loss Barotrauma of the Eye Decompression Sickness Involving the Eye Arterial Gas Embolism of the Eye The Effect of Oxygen Toxicity on the Eye Hyperbaric Oxygenation and the Eye Diving After Eye Surgery Recommended Waiting Periods Prior to Diving

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PROBLEMS WITH GASES ● Partial Pressure Physics ● Nitrogen Narcosis ● O2 Toxicity ● Air Travel Problems: The Diver Requiring Oxygen ● CO2 retention ● Nitrox Diving (EAN) ● Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ● Free Diving and Shallow Water Blackout (Latent Hypoxia) ● Breath hold Diving: Taravana ● Entonox Dangers

GASTROINTESTINAL PROBLEMS Heartburn & Peptic Disease Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Crohn's Disease and Chronic Ulcerative Colitis) Intestinal gas Hernias and Diving Sprue (Coeliac Disease) and Diving

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Contact irritants and toxins

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HEART PROBLEMS & DIVING

Exercise and Diving Coronary Artery Disease and Diving Cardiovascular Drugs and Diving Hypertension Congenital and Valvular heart disease Mitral Valve Prolapse Patent foramen ovale Pacemakers and Arrhythmias Cardiovascular Surgery References

HEMATOLOGY

Sickle Cell Illness Anticoagulation and Deep Vein Thrombosis Polycythemia Vera Anemia, Diving and Hyperbarics

Dive Accident Facilities

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KIDNEY PROBLEMS AND DIVING

LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF SPORT DIVING

ABSTRACT Chronic Adverse Effects of Diving: Introduction Hyperbaric Terminology and Physics PATENT FORAMEN OVALE Hearing Loss PULMONARY FUNCTION Neurological Effects: Clinical Neurology Neurological Effects: Neuropsychometric Changes Neuroimaging Neurological Effects: Electrophysiology Systemic Effects and Genetics Dysbaric Osteonecrosis > SUMMARY REFERENCES

MEDICATIONS & DIVING Other Sources

METABOLISM OF DIVING Dehydration,Diuretics and Diving Nutrition and Diving Eating for Diving Flatus

NEUROLOGIC PROBLEMS

Epilepsy and Diving TIA (Little Strokes) Herniated disc disease Spina bifida Multiple Sclerosis and Diving Migraine Headaches Chronic Adverse Effects Associated with Diving References

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PULMONARY PROBLEMS

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WOMEN & DIVING Pregnancy and Diving Outlines some of the possible risks to the fetus

SAFETY

Divemaster's Quick Accident Response Man Overboard Problems With Moving Water Safe Scuba Diving Safety for the Disabled Hypothermia Diving in Polluted Water

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DIVING MEDICINE/SAFETY FOR THE DIVEBOAT OPERATOR

Divemaster's Quick Accident Response Man Overboard Danger! "Hotel Scuba" Problems With Moving Water Safe Scuba Hypothermia and Cold Water Near Drowning Diving in Polluted Water The Importance of a First Aid Kit Apres Diving in Palau

DIVING ORGANIZATIONS Major Diving Organizations

DECISION-MAKING FOR THE DIVEMASTER

Divemaster's Quick Accident Response Model Action Plan for Divemasters Immersion Hypothermia & Near Drowning Safe Scuba Problems With Moving Water Man Overboard Diving in Polluted Water

Travel Medicine

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❍ Social Security death index

❍ Consumer World has consumer finance rates, company contacts, consumer information ❍ Currency converterfrom Olsen & Associates converts from any currency to another ❍ Cost-of-living calculator and other useful tools

❍ How Far Is It? gives the distance between two cities

❍ U.S. Naval Observatory clock

Telephone & E-mail Directories

❍ Anywho from AT&T has fast, clear directory service, and a reverse directory

❍ Switchboard nationwide telephone and address directory

❍ InfoSpace personal, business and goverment phone, fax and e-mail

❍ Zip2 Yellow Pages lets you search businesses by name, category, or distance from your home ❍ Directory of toll free numbers from Infospace

❍ Superpages.com (was Big Yellow) National business yellow pages and residential listings from Verizon ❍ 555-1212.com National and international phone and e-mail directories http://www.gulftel.com/~scubadoc/serchpg.htm (4 of 13) [12/30/2001 1:44:50 PM] Search Page

❍ Thomas Register of Manufacturers

❍ WhoWhere, Internet Address Finder and Yahoo People Finder can help find e- mail addresses ❍ Network Solutions domain name database

❍ Zip Code and Zip+4 Finder Simple and efficient, but sometimes busy. Also try thePostal Service.

Publications on the Net

Breaking News & Daily Publications ❍ ABC News offers top news, including the current ABC radio report, and (large) video clips. ❍ Agence France-Presse world report from Yahoo Asia

❍ BBC News British Broadcasting Corporation

❍ CNN Interactive and CNNfn

❍ Fox News Clean, simple search of AP and Reuters wires

❍ MSNBC, from Microsoft and NBC News

❍ NPR Online from National Public Radio

❍ Boston.com, from The Boston Globe

❍ The Electronic Telegraph from The Daily Telegraph of London

❍ The Gate, from the San Francisco Examiner and Chronicle

❍ Los Angeles Times

❍ Philadelphia Inquirer

❍ San Jose Mercury News

❍ The Times of London

❍ USA Today

❍ The Wall Street Journal (Also see DowJones.com,a free business portal)

❍ The Washington Post

❍ Inside News and gossip from the worlds of media and entertainment

❍ Media Central, from Cowles New Media, stays on top of media and marketing

❍ MediaNews (formerly Mediagossip)Jim Romenesko offers media news from everywhere ❍ NewsHub culls technology business headlines from major Web sites

❍ News Index and TotalNewssearch for breaking news on the Web

❍ 1stHeadlines offers headlines from 50-some news organizations.

❍ Newspaper archives on the Web from the Special Libraries Association

❍ Wired News and Newsbot Magazines & Features ❍ The Atlantic

❍ CareerPath.com,a classified ad service from many newspapers (including The Times) ❍ The Drudge Report

❍ Law.com has merged several sources of legal news into a single site

❍ Mr. Showbiz, entertainment news and gossip from Starwave

❍ National Enquirer The supermarket tabloid comes to the Web http://www.gulftel.com/~scubadoc/serchpg.htm (5 of 13) [12/30/2001 1:44:50 PM] Search Page

❍ The New Yorker More and less than the venerable magazine

❍ The Onion and Modern Humorist Comic relief

❍ Rolling Stone

❍ Slate, Feed and Salon Three flavors of cyber-literary-trend publications

❍ Thrive Health and fitness features and information

❍ United Media, a collection of comics

❍ U.S. News Guides to Many Publications ❍ Newslink, a guide to newspapers, magazines and broadcast organizations.

❍ Ecola's 24 hour newsstand, quick and easy access to web sites of more than 900 publications ❍ Electric Book Newspapers, magazines, e-zines and books online

❍ Editor & Publisher's MediaInfo Links also read Steve Outing's Stop the Presses column here.)

❍ Newspaper Association of America

❍ The Electronic Newsstand

❍ Project Gutenberg puts out-of-copyright literary works online

❍ AdCritic.com TV commercials in Quicktime format

Politics ❍ Project Vote Smart, a guide to candidates and issues

❍ All Politics from CNN with Time magazine

❍ The Empire Page links to major news headlines on politics each day, emphasizing New York ❍ Federal Election Commission data on campaign contributions

❍ Federal Election Commission datain a more useful format, compiled by two former F.E.C. employees ■ Politics Navigator, also from The Times on the Web, has more political links

The New York Region

❍ New York City Reference, a subject guide to sites on all aspects of the city

❍ NYC Blue has New York web sites in easy-to-use tabular form

❍ New York Today Arts, entertainment, restaurants and New York life from The New York Times ❍ CitySearch NYC, a guide to arts and entertainment

❍ Digital City New Yorkfrom America Online

❍ The Paperless Guide to New York City, from Mediabridge (updated sporadically)

❍ NYC.gov, New York City's official web site

❍ Guide to New York City Government Government contacts, from the Public Advocate's office ❍ The Official I Love New York State Tourism Guide

❍ M.T.A. maps and schedules for subways, Long Island Railroad, Metro North

http://www.gulftel.com/~scubadoc/serchpg.htm (6 of 13) [12/30/2001 1:44:50 PM] Search Page

❍ New York City Culture Guide and Calendar from the Alliance for the Arts

❍ Playbill On-Line, Theatre.com and Broadway.com will help you find Broadway, off-Broadway, national and international theater listings

❍ The New York Daily News

❍ The New York Post

❍ Newsday

❍ New York 1 has a nice build-a-newscast feature.

❍ The New York Observer

❍ The Village Voice

❍ papermag.com, virtual sister to the magazine of the Downtown scene

❍ New Jersey Online

❍ New Jersey Web

Commerce

❍ Amazon.com Books, music, videos, games, electronics, auctions -- and growing ❍ Barnesandnoble.com and Bordershave books and music to enjoy off line.

❍ Bizrate compares prices and lets you see how fellow consumers rate online merchants ❍ BizWeb: Internet commercial sites by category

❍ Buyer's Index searches 19,000 Web sites and catalogs for the product you seek. ❍ CD Now and Tunes.comOnline music stores

❍ Ebay The online auction house

❍ Internet Fashion Mall

❍ NetMarket has discounts on brand name goods.

❍ PriceLine lets you name your own price for travel, cars or mortgages, and see if anyone will bite. ❍ PriceScan compares prices for computer hardware and software, as well as books. ❍ Product Review Net Reviews of products from a variety of publications

❍ Travelocity, Biztravel,Expedia and Trip.comhave airline tickets, car rentals, hotel reservations, travel information ❍ Travelzoo collects special travel offers from many sites

Entertainment/Culture/Pastimes

❍ The Internet Movie Database

❍ Movielink from 777-FILM has theater times and advance ticket purchases in major cities ❍ Ticketmaster has information and tickets for music, theater and sporting events ❍ Film.com News from the movie industry, as well as links to film resources and

http://www.gulftel.com/~scubadoc/serchpg.htm (7 of 13) [12/30/2001 1:44:50 PM] Search Page

studios around the Web

❍ Reel surveys your movie tastes and recommends ones it thinks you'll like

❍ Atom Films offers short films and animations on the Web

❍ TV Guide Now includes an extensive movie database

❍ Ultimate Television Network, a guide to everything TV-related on the Web

❍ Gist provides customized TV listings

❍ PBS Online

❍ The Discovery Channel Online

❍ Culturefinder has schedules for the performing arts around the U.S.

❍ National Endowment for the Arts

❍ World Wide Arts Resources

❍ NWHQ:Independent artists on the Web

❍ The Louvre More fun to visit in person, but you can see many exhibits without leaving home. ❍ Art on the Net, an exhibit by 80 artists, and links to other art sites

❍ Yahoo events (formerly Broadcast.com)Audio and video of all sorts, from all over ❍ mp3.com makes a wide variety of music available in its eponymous Internet format ❍ Rock and Roll Hall of Fame

❍ Internet Underground Music Archives

❍ Classical Music Archive Thousands of classical music samples in midi format

❍ Epicurious, the Food Network, Recipes from the Net and Gemini and Leo's recipe links will help you answer the question, "What's for dinner?"

❍ Wine Spectator and WineToday.comhave ratings and reviews of thousands of wines

Sports & Recreation

❍ ESPN SportsZone

❍ Sportsline from CBS

❍ CNN/SI from CNN and Sports Illustrated

❍ The Sports Network gives up to the minute news and results

❍ Allsports has news, scores, odds, audio feeds and more

❍ Total Sports well organized sports news, plus Head to Head Baseball, which lets you compete online with others using real players' stats. ❍ NFL.com from the N.F.L.

❍ Fastball, a Cox Newspapers baseball service with live play-by-play and tons of stats ❍ majorleaguebaseball.comfrom Major League Baseball

❍ GORP, the Great Outdoor Recreation Pages, has extensive information on parks and outdoor activities of all sorts ❍ The WWW Bicycle Lane A bit dated, but still a good collection of links

❍ The Tennis Server and Tennis Country have news, schedules, rules and more http://www.gulftel.com/~scubadoc/serchpg.htm (8 of 13) [12/30/2001 1:44:51 PM] Search Page

❍ GolfWeb, GolfDigest.com and Golf.com cover the golf world

Demonstrations and Miscellany

❍ Cool Site of the Day

❍ Useless Pages Useless, maybe, but fun.

❍ Ghost Sites of the Webwill guide you to some of the rusting hulks along the information superhighway. ❍ QuickBrowse lets you combine and fetch Web pages you frequently read into one long page. ❍ The F.B.I.'s Most Wanted

❍ eHow.com teaches you how to do useful everyday things

❍ How Stuff Works tells you just that

❍ Dead People Server might answer the question, "What ever happened to . . ."

❍ Sites for parents and children from the American Library Association

❍ Internet virus myths and Virus hoax information Check here before you pass along that grave warning ❍ Sodaconstructorlets you make models of masses and springs -- and makes your time disappear ❍ Tarot Card Reader, I Ching and more

❍ Riddler will help keep you from your work

❍ Elvis Presley's Graceland,the official home page, and the unofficial Elvis home page

❍ iVillage and women.comconcentrate on the women's interests.

❍ Gay.com, Planet Out and Queer Resources Directoryhave news and information for gay people

Earthcamand Jasbits Netcamshave links to live cameras all over the Net

The Classic

To run a MetaSearch on the Starting Point database, enter your search keyword(s) here:

Yahoo! Image Surfer - browse through the images in some of their most popular categories.

EINET Galaxy - Allows you to search the Internet by keywords or topics.

All-in-One Search Page

Infoseek Guide: Your roadmap to the Internet

http://www.gulftel.com/~scubadoc/serchpg.htm (9 of 13) [12/30/2001 1:44:51 PM] Search Page

The best way to search the Web, Usenet News and more. Type in words and phrases and select a source to search below.

Source: All Web pages Usenet Newsgroups (Search tips)

City.Net - An index of locations around the world

USA City Link Project - An index of locations around the United States

Top of the Page

Looking for People

The World Wide Web Yellow Pages

Switchboard - Ninety million names, addresses, and phone numbers!

Looking for PEOPLE on the Net?

Please type the Name of the Personyou are looking for: (REQUIRED)

You may narrow your search by including information about the company that provides an email account for this person. For example, the organization name and location (city, state or country). (OPTIONAL)

Yahoo! People Search - will lead you to their homepages.

Looking for ORGANIZATIONS on the Net?

Enter the Organization Name and Locationinformation such as city, state or country: Example

Area Code Lookup

Top of the Page

Search Engines http://www.gulftel.com/~scubadoc/serchpg.htm (10 of 13) [12/30/2001 1:44:51 PM] Search Page

❍ Alta Vista- web and news group search

❍ BigBook - Eleven million businesses

❍ DejaNews

❍ Excite

❍ HotBot

❍ Lycos

❍ Magellan

❍ Metacrawler

❍ Savvy Search

❍ Web Crawler

❍ Web Directory

❍ WWW Worm - Search

❍ Ahoy! - The Homepage Finder

❍ Aqueous - dedicated to sites that have water related content.

❍ Area 52 - Macintosh, Amiga, OS/2 searchs a specialty.

❍ BabyOIL - internet resource discovery system

❍ BRS Search Page - search for information, jobs, people and more.

❍ Company Site Locator - searches for companies' websites when you don't know the exact URL address. ❍ Crawler.De - word-index access to german-only Internet-documents

❍ Cyber One - database of web pages located in or related to the 518 area code of northeastern upstate New York. ❍ DINO online - German language internet organization system

❍ Fido the Shopping Doggie - Fido provides a centralized database of product listings from different vendors on the web ❍ Filez - software search page with an index of over 60 million files

❍ G-Spot - GSI Spot is a Phillipine search engine.

❍ Guide to New York State Independent Colleges and Universities - general information about the 107 non-public schools in NY. ❍ Home Team - Search for webpages or names to multiple sources

❍ Infohiway - Point-n-go access to the Infohiway

❍ Informant Server - personal search agent; will send email when your favorite urls are updated. ❍ Irena - Web Connections Finder - useful for locating links to resources referenced in long, complex and densly written HTML documents. ❍ Italian Spider

❍ Japanese Open Text Index

❍ kolibri - German oriented search engine.

❍ MathSearch - search a collection of mathematical Web material

❍ Medical and Health Address Book - links to over 100 websites, and growing!

❍ MusicSearch - music search engine with over 5,000 links and growing.

❍ NlightN - searches databases, newswires, reference materials...all at once.

❍ OneKey

❍ Search.NL - Search Dutch cyberspace with unique fuzzy searching

http://www.gulftel.com/~scubadoc/serchpg.htm (11 of 13) [12/30/2001 1:44:51 PM] Search Page

❍ Spider's Apprentice - a public service site that offers help on searching the Web

❍ WebDirect! - Add, modify or delete websites, add or delete Yellow Page indexes, keywords, and display search results the way you want to. ❍ Websurfer

❍ World Access Internet Navigator

❍ WWWomen Search Directory - Comprehensive search engine Top of the Page

TRANSLATE THIS PAGE

Please MOVE AND HOLD your MOUSE CURSOR over the little DOWN ARROWS in the translated web page in order to see a pop-up window with ALTERNATIVE TRANSLATIONS.

Diver's Alert Network

Disclaimer Diving Medicine does not endorse any of the medications, products or treatments described, mentioned or discussed in any of the services, databases or pages accessible within or from 'Diving Medicine', and makes no representations concerning the efficacy, appropriateness or suitability of any such products or treatments.

You are encouraged to consult other sources and confirm the information contained in any of the services, databases or pages accessible within or from 'Diving Medicine'. If erroneous or otherwise inaccurate information is brought to our attention, a reasonable effort will be made to correct or delete it. Such problems should immediately be reported to [email protected]

We We subscribe to the HONcode principles subscribe of the Health On the Net Foundation to the We adhere to the 'Guidelines for Medical

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andHONcode Health Information Sites on the Internet' of the principles American Medical Association. of the HealthThe contents of this site are copyright © 1996-2001, On Ernest the Campbell, MD, FACS All Rights Reserved. Net Last updated: undefined Foundation

DiveMed Email Logon || FAQ || Message Board || Websearch || Medline || Music || Bookstore || Conferences || Email Us || Contact Us || Glossary || FreeStuff || Dictionary

http://www.gulftel.com/~scubadoc/serchpg.htm (13 of 13) [12/30/2001 1:44:51 PM] Listen to Music While You Browse

DIVING MEDICINE Comprehensive updated online information about diving and undersea medicine for the non-medical diver, the non-diving medical professional and an excellent reference source for the diving medical specialist.

MUSIC

Search this site powered by FreeFind

Site Map What's New Search

Websearch Medline Music

Bookstore Eclectic

Contact KCRW L.A. Translate Glossary

Dictionary Classical

FAQ WQXR, New York City FreeStuff

Board Exam Prep KRTS - 92.1 FM Houston, TX

Major Topics OperadiO - Global Digital Internet Only, Radio

WCPE - 89.7 FM Raleigh, NC AGE AIDS WFMR - 98.3 FM Milwaukee, WI GAS EMBOLISM BONE & JOINT WFMT - 98.7 FM Chicago, IL http://www.gulftel.com/~scubadoc/listen.html (1 of 4) [12/30/2001 1:44:54 PM] Listen to Music While You Browse

DCS ACCIDENTS DENTISTRY WRR - 101.1FM Dallas, TX DERMATOLOGY Emergencies Soft Jazz ENDOCRINE (Diabetes) New Orleans WWOZ - 90.7 FM ENT Eye Problems Miami, FL WLVE - 93.9FM Fitness To Dive Tallahassee, FL WJZT 100.7Fm

Flying, Altitude Jacksonville, FL WFSJ - 97.9 FM GASES GI Problems Marine Hazards Oldies Radio Stations HBOT HEART HEMATOLOGY Yesterday - USA Dallas, TX Kidney Problems WYCL - 107.3 FM Pensacola, FL

Accident Facilities WWKL - 99.3 FM Harrisburg, PA

Long-Term Effects WTRY - 98.3 FM Albany, NY

MEDICATIONS WTRG - 100.7 FM Raleigh, NC Metabolism WOGT - 107.9 FM Chattanooga, TN Epilepsy&Neurologic WKQL - 96.9 FM Jacksonvillte, FL PHYSICS WGLD - 104.5 FM Indianapolis, IN Pulmonary(Asthma) WFGO - 94.7 FM Erie, PA PSYCHOLOGY

SEASICKNESS WATJ - 1560 AM Cleveland, OH

WOMEN & DIVING KWFM - 92.9 FM Tucson, AZ

SAFETY KEYF - 101.1 FM Spokane, WA Diveboat Operator KEYN - 103.7 FM Witchita, KS Divemaster Sites KGOR - 99.9 FM Omaha, NE Travel Medicine KNLT - 95.7 FM Kennewick, WA KOFX - 92.3 FM El Paso, TX

TRANSLATE THIS PAGE

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Please MOVE AND HOLD your MOUSE CURSOR over the little DOWN ARROWS in the translated web page in order to see a pop-up window with ALTERNATIVE TRANSLATIONS.

Diver's Alert Network

Disclaimer Diving Medicine does not endorse any of the medications, products or treatments described, mentioned or discussed in any of the services, databases or pages accessible within or from Diving Medicine, and makes no representations concerning the efficacy, appropriateness or suitability of any such products or treatments.

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We We subscribe to the subscribe HONcode principles to the of the Health On the HONcodeNet Foundation principlesWe adhere to the 'Guidelines of thefor Medical and Health HealthInformation Sites on the OnInternet the ' of the American Net Medical Association. Foundation The contents of this site are copyright © 1996-2001, Ernest Campbell, MD, FACS All Rights Reserved. Last updated: undefined

DiveMed Email Logon || FAQ || Message Board || Websearch || Medline || Music || Bookstore || Conferences || Email Us || Contact Us || Glossary || FreeStuff || Dictionary

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You Can Order Your Diving Medicine Books Right Here!

Edmonds, Diving and Subaquatic Medicine, 4th Edition

A new edition of this bestselling guide to diving and subaquatic medicine available in December 2001

Diving and Subaquatic Medicine 4th edition

Carl Edmonds, Christopher Lowry, John Pennefather

Diving and Subaquatic Medicine is a concise and clinically authoritative guide to all aspects of diving medicine. It encompasses the full range of diving disorders exhibited by both amateur and professional divers, presenting each medical disorder from an historical, etiological, clinical, pathological, preventative and therapeutic perspective. Explanations are interspersed with relevant case histories, illustrations, boxed summaries and highlighted key points for rapid reference, whilst introductory chapters on physics, physiology, and equipment http://www.gulftel.com/~scubadoc/DMbkstr.htm (1 of 14) [12/30/2001 1:46:28 PM] Diving Medicine Bookstore

make the book invaluable reading for those new to the field.

The new edition has been completely revised throughout to include the latest research, as well as important coverage of newly described diseases of diving, modern types of diving and diving equipment, and free and indigenous diving. Comprehensive appendices contain vital diving data.

Available December 2001 Hardcover ISBN 0 340 80630 3 672pp 138 illustrations (An Arnold publication. Distributed in the USA by Oxford University Press)

ORDER NOW AND SAVE 15% $98.50 $83.50 To order: Tel: 1 800 451 7556 Fax: 919 677 1303 Email - [email protected] Please quote reference number K859 For orders outside the USA please visit: www.arnoldpublishers

Diving in High-Risk Environments, 3rd Edition by Steven M. Barsky

Our Price: $31.95

Availability: This title usually ships within 4-6 weeks. Please note that titles occasionally go out of print or publishers run out of stock. We will notify you within 2-3 weeks if we have trouble obtaining this title.

See larger photo

Paperback - 197 pages 3rd edition (December 15, 1999) Hammerhead Press; ISBN: 0967430518 Availability: This title usually ships within 4-6 weeks. Please note that titles occasionally go out of print or publishers run out of stock. We will notify you within 2-3 weeks if we have trouble obtaining this title. Amazon.com Sales Rank: 81,816 Avg. Customer Rating: Number of Reviews: 1

http://www.gulftel.com/~scubadoc/DMbkstr.htm (2 of 14) [12/30/2001 1:46:28 PM] Diving Medicine Bookstore

Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Review For Physicians ISBN 0-930406-17-6 226pp by Jolie Bookspan

Hyperbaric Medical Review For Board Certification Exams: Certified Hyperbaric Technologist (CHT), Certified Hyperbaric Registered Nurse by Jolie Bookspan

http://www.gulftel.com/~scubadoc/DMbkstr.htm (3 of 14) [12/30/2001 1:46:28 PM] Diving Medicine Bookstore

An Introduction to Technical Diving A CD-ROM for Windows® and Macintosh® Computers [US$29.95]

http://www.gulftel.com/~scubadoc/DMbkstr.htm (4 of 14) [12/30/2001 1:46:28 PM] Diving Medicine Bookstore

This CD-ROM introduces the realm of technical diving through the experiences of the expeditionary team El Proyecto de Buceo Espeleologico México y América Central, led by world record holders Jim Bowden and Dr. Ann Kristovich.

"The CD ... comes into its own with a wonderful photo gallery. Looking through this you will never need to ponder why anyone would want to go cave diving again." — Dive Girl [Summer 1999 issue]

"The mysterious world of technical diving unfolds through this beautifully illustrated CD-ROM." — GreatOutdoors.com [June 1999]

An Introduction to Technical Diving CD-ROM defines, elucidates, and pictorially portrays the various types of technical diving, as well as the equipment and skills needed to safely participate and/or pursue certification. Although it is not intended to be a substitute for formal training, this CD-ROM provides comprehensive detailed information in a beautifully illustrated format and can be used as either a reference source or an educational aid for divers of all training levels.

"... it will answer essentially everything about technical diving you've wanted to know ..." — Sport Diver Magazine [January 1999 issue]

Also featured in DeepTech, Immersed, and Advanced Diver magazines...

Proceeds from the sales of An Introduction to Technical Diving [and future technical diving CD-ROMs] will fund the exploration efforts of the Proyecto de Buceo Espeleologico México y América Central.

Elizabeth Hunt

Order Bove and Davis'Diving Medicine Today! Availability: This title is currently on back order. We do not have a reprint date for this http://www.gulftel.com/~scubadoc/DMbkstr.htm (5 of 14) [12/30/2001 1:46:28 PM] Diving Medicine Bookstore

title, but we expect to be able to ship it to you within 3-5 week. 3rd Edition Hardcover Published by W B Saunders Co Publication date: July 1997 ISBN: 0721660568

An excellent reference for the casual diver seeking more information about underwater medicine. More information for the medical professional needing references and basic information about this sport. Bove, a cardiologist, proves his mettle as a diving physicist as well. He is the Editor and his section on cardiology and diving is a classic.

Order Peter Bennett's "The Physiology and Medicine of Diving" Today! An oft quoted and referenced textbook, edited by Peter Bennett, the founder of Diver's Alert Network at Duke University. Availability: This title usually ships within 4-6 weeks. Please note that titles occasionally go out of print or publishers run out of stock.We will notify you within 2-3 weeks if we have trouble obtaining this title. 4th Edition Paperback Published by Best Pub Co Publication date: June 1993 ISBN: 0702024104

Order Richard Clinchy's "Dive/First Responder" Today Synopsis: Dive/First Responder is a "must have" one-stop reference providing current information on handling the unique challenges of marine emergency medical management. This heavily illustrated,full-color guide includes information on basic life support, rescue breathing and CPR, use ofsupplemental oxygen, and the management of common wounds and fractures.

Order Carl Edmonds' "Diving and Subaquatic Medicine" Today (Out of Print) Co-edited by an acknowledged leader in undersea and subaquatic medicine from Australia. Availability: This title usually ships within 4-6 weeks. Please note that titles occasionally

http://www.gulftel.com/~scubadoc/DMbkstr.htm (6 of 14) [12/30/2001 1:46:29 PM] Diving Medicine Bookstore

go out of print or publishers run out of stock. We will notify you within 2-3 weeks if we have troubleobtaining this title. 3rd Edition Paperback Published by Butterworth-Heinemann Publication date: July 1994 ISBN: 0750621311

Scuba Diving Explained : Questions and Answers on Physiology and Medical Aspects of Scuba Diving by Lawrence Martin List: $19.95 Our Price: $19.95

Paperback Published by Best Pub Co Publication date: January 1997 ISBN: 094133256X

Order Jolie Bookspan's Diving Physiology in Plain English Today!!

Diving Physiology in Plain English

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by Jolie Bookspan, PhD

Our Price: $30.00

Paperback - 246 pages 2nd edition (December 1997) Undersea & Hyperbaric Med Soc; ISBN: 0930406133;

Finally! A FUN book on Diving Physiology. Clear enough for all divers, substance for the advanced.

What They're Saying: It's great! I think it will become THE source of information on diving physiology - Alex Brylske.

The best and easiest to read book on dive physiology on the market -Parham P. Baker, DeepEdge.

Informative, knowledgeable, yet reads like a novel - Alan J. Ostrowe, M.D.

What makes this book so special is that it makes science delicious. There is just about everything a diver needs to know in fascinating detail. I use it almost everyday - Edmond Kay, M.D. Hyperbaric physician. http://www.gulftel.com/~scubadoc/DMbkstr.htm (8 of 14) [12/30/2001 1:46:29 PM] Diving Medicine Bookstore

20,000 Jobs Under the Sea : A History of Diving and Underwater Engineering ~ Usually ships in 24 hours Torrance R. Parker, William B. Lee / Hardcover / Published 1997

Our Price: $87.00 Read more about this title...

Other Diving Medical Titles

Advanced Sport Diver Manual; Paperback; $7.67 (Special Order)

Annual Cycles of Diving Behavior and Ecology of the Weddell Seal (Bulletin of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San); Michael Angelo Castellini, et al; Paperback; $9.35 (Special Order)

Arctic Underwater Operations : Medical and Operational Aspects of Diving Activities in Arctic Conditions; Louis Rey; Hardcover; $88.50 (Special Order)

Diving and Life at High Pressures : Proceedings of a Royal Society Discussion Meeting Held on 12 and 13 May 1983 William, Sir Paton, et al / Hardcover / Published 1986 Our Price: $64.50 (Special Order)

High Pressure Effects on Selected Biological Systems A.J.R. Pequeux, R. Gilles (Editor) / Paperback / Published 1985 (Publisher Out Of Stock)

Hyperbaric Chambers United States and Canada : A Directory of Hyperbaric Treatment Chambers Hardcover / Published 1988 Our Price: $25.00 (Special Order)

The Physician's Guide to Diving Medicine Charles W. Shilling / Hardcover / Published 1984 Our Price: $150.00 (Special Order)

Proceedings of the Tenth International Congress on Hyperbaric Medicine Frederick S. Cramer (Editor) / Hardcover / Published 1993 http://www.gulftel.com/~scubadoc/DMbkstr.htm (9 of 14) [12/30/2001 1:46:29 PM] Diving Medicine Bookstore

Our Price: $35.50 (Special Order)

Safety in Manned Diving (Safety Offshore) Erik Jacobsen, et al / Paperback / Published 1985 Our Price: $23.00 (Special Order)

Scuba Diving First Aid National Safety Council / Paperback / Published 1996 Our Price: $13.75 (Back Ordered)

Read more about this title... Tauchmedizin : Barotrauma Gasembolie Dekompression Dekompressionskrankheit A.A. Buhlmann / Paperback / Published 1992 (Publisher Out Of Stock)

Textbook of Hyperbaric Medicine K. K. Jain / Hardcover / Published 1995 Our Price: $128.00 (Not Yet Published) Read more about this title...

Advanced Diving Technology and Techniques; Paperback; $27.95 (Special Order)

Basic Diving Physics and Applications; B. R. Wienke; Paperback; $14.95 (Special Order)

Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming : Swimming Science VI; D. MacLaren, et al; Hardcover; $121.00 (Special Order)

Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming VII; J. Troup, et al; Hardcover; $94.95 (Special Order)

Boat Diving Manual; Gary R. Clark; Paperback; $10.95 (Special Order)

Bove and Davis' Diving Medicine; Alfred A. Bove, Jefferson C. Davis; Hardcover; $55.87

Careers in Diving; Steven M. Barsky; Paperback; $19.95 (Special Order)

Case Histories of Diving and Hyperbaric Accidents; Paperback; $30.00 (Special Order)

Commercial Diver Training Manual; Hardcover; $53.00 (Special Order)

Commercial Diving Manual; Richard Larn, Rex Whistler; Hardcover; $65.00 (Special

http://www.gulftel.com/~scubadoc/DMbkstr.htm (10 of 14) [12/30/2001 1:46:29 PM] Diving Medicine Bookstore

Order)

The Dan Emergency Handbook : A Guide to the Identification of and First Aid for Scuba (Air Diving Injuries); John Lippman, Stan Bugg; Paperback; $14.95 (Special Order) This little book can be a life saver. We have several copies among us!

Dan Underwater Diving Accident Manual; Paperback; $7.80 (Special Order) Keep this one in your dive bag, just in case.

Deeper into Diving; John Lippmann; Paperback; $39.95 (Special Order) This book is considered by many folks to be a must read if your diving takes you beyond shallow water. I've read it time and again!

Diverse Divers : Physiology and Behavior (Zoophysiology, Vol 23); Gerald L. Kooyman; Hardcover; $126.00 (Special Order)

Diving and Asphyxia : A Comparative Study of Animals and Man (Monographs of the Physiological Society ; No. 40); Robert Elsner, Brett Gooden; Hardcover; $69.95 (Special Order)

Diving and Life at High Pressures : Proceedings of a Royal Society Discussion Meeting Held on 12 and 13 May 1983; William, Sir Paton, et al; Hardcover; $64.50 (Special Order)

Diving Death (Linford Mystery Library); Charles Forsyte; Paperback; $11.95 (Special Order)

Diving into Science : Hands-On Water-Related Experiments/Grades 2-4; Peggy K. Perdue, Karen Waiksnis Disorbo; Paperback; $9.30 (Special Order)

Diving Above Sea Level (Diversification Series); B. R. Wienke; Paperback; $10.80 (Special Order)

Diving and Life at High Pressures; Hardcover (Special Order)

Diving Healing : God's Recipe for Life & Health; Norvel Hayes; Paperback; $9.34 (Special Order)

Diving In/Pg13; Burt Young; VHS Tape; $89.99 (Special Order)

Diving Medicine; Alfred A. Bove, Jefferson C. Davis; Hardcover; $68.50 (Special Order) http://www.gulftel.com/~scubadoc/DMbkstr.htm (11 of 14) [12/30/2001 1:46:29 PM] Diving Medicine Bookstore

Diving Medicine; Hardcover (Special Order)

Diving Medicine; A Weisskopf; Paperback; $10.85 (Special Order)

Diving Medicine for Scuba Divers; Carl Edmonds; Paperback; $27.95 (Special Order)

Dry Suit Diving (Specialty Diver Series); Steven Barsky; Paperback; $10.95 (Special Order) Steve Barsky is almost Mr. Dry Suit. If you want to know about dry suit diving, this is where you want to start! Encyclopedia of Recreational Diving; Alex Brylske; Hardcover; $42.15 (Special Order)

Encyclopedia of Recreational Diving; Alex Brylske; Paperback; $26.35 (Special Order)

The Expedition & Diving Operations Handbook (Diversification Series); Stephen Arrington; Paperback; $12.95 (Special Order)

Fells Teenage Guide to Skin and Scuba Diving; George Sullivan; Paperback; $7.30 (Special Order)

Flying After Diving; Paperback; $20.00 (Special Order)

The Hazards of Diving in Polluted Waters : Proceedings of an International Symposium; Paperback; $12.95 (Special Order)

High Altitude Diving; Wienke; Paperback; $18.00 (Special Order)

Jeppesen's Advanced Sport Diver Manual; Richard A. Clinchy, et al; Paperback; $23.95 (Special Order)

Long Term Health Effects of Diving : An International Consensus Conference Godoysund, Norway 6-10 June 1993; Arvid Hope, et al; Hardcover; $101.00 (Special Order)

Man in Stressful Environments : Diving, Hyper, and Hypobaric Physiology (American Lecture Series, No 1072); Keizo Shiraki, Mohamed K. Yousef; Hardcover; $46.75 (Special Order)

Medical Examiniations of Sport Scuba Divers; Davis; Paperback; $13.50 (Special Order)

http://www.gulftel.com/~scubadoc/DMbkstr.htm (12 of 14) [12/30/2001 1:46:29 PM] Diving Medicine Bookstore

Medicine and Science in Aquatic Sports (Medicine and Sport Science, Vol. 39); M. Miyashita, et al; Hardcover; $215.75 (Special Order)

Microbial Hazards of Diving in Polluted Waters; Rita R. Colwell; Paperback; $6.34 (Special Order)

The Physician's Guide to Diving Medicine; Charles W. Shilling; Hardcover; $135.00 (Special Order)

The Physiology and Medicine of Diving; Hardcover (Special Order)

The Physiology and Medicine of Diving; Peter B. Bennett, David H. Elliott; Hardcover; $134.96 (Special Order)

Safe Diving; Gosvic; Hardcover; $55.00 (Special Order)

Scientific Diving General Code of Practice; Flemming; Paperback; $25.00 (Special Order)

Scuba Diving Explained : Questions and Answers on Physiology and Medical Aspects of Scuba Diving; Lawrence Martin; Paperback; $20.00 (Special Order)

Scuba Diving First Aid; National Safety Council; Paperback; $10.85 (Special Order)

Scuba Diving With Disabilities; Jill Robinson, A. Dale Fox; Paperback; $20.00 (Special Order)

Scuba Life Saving; Albert Pierce; Paperback; $20.00 (Special Order)

Scuba Lifesaving and Accident Management; Tom Leaird; Paperback; $12.00 (Special Order)

Scuba Rescue : Skills & Techniques; National Association of Underwater Instructors Staff; Paperback; $8.60 (Special Order)

Sports Diving Medical; John Parker; Paperback; $23.95 (Special Order)

Stress and Performance in Diving; Arthur J. Bachrach, Glen H. Egstrom; Hardcover; $42.00 (Special Order)

http://www.gulftel.com/~scubadoc/DMbkstr.htm (13 of 14) [12/30/2001 1:46:29 PM] Diving Medicine Bookstore

US Navy Diving Manual : Mixed Gas Vol 2; Hardcover; $32.50 (Special Order)

Underwater Ear and Nose Care/D055; Noel Roydhouse, Roydhous; Paperback; $19.95 (Special Order)

The Underwater Handbook : A Guide to Physiology and Performance for the Engineer; Charles W. Shilling; Hardcover; $135.00 (Special Order)

United States Navy Diving Manual Vol 1; Paperback (Special Order)

United States Navy Diving Manual : Air Diving Vol 1; Paperback; $48.75 (Special Order)

United States Navy Diving Manual : Mixed Gas Diving Vol 2; Paperback; $30.00 (Special Order)

Us Navy Diving Manual : Air Diving, Revision 3, 15 February 1993 Vol 1; Paperback; $48.75 (Special Order)

Us Navy Diving Technical Manual; Hardcover; $80.00 (Special Order)

Women in Diving; Paperback; $15.00 (Special Order)

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CONTACT SOURCES

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Address Ernest S. Campbell, M.D., FACS 31681 Shoal Water Drive Ono Island, AL, 36561

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