DOCSLIB.ORG

This Thesis Has Been Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for a Postgraduate Degree (E.G

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
This Thesis Has Been Submitted in Fulfilment of the Requirements for a Postgraduate Degree (E.G This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: • This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. • A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. • This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. • The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. • When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. LIVING AMONG THE BREAKAGE: CONTEXTUAL THEOLOGY-MAKING AND EX-MUSLIM CHRISTIANS BY DUANE ALEXANDER MILLER A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE COLLEGE OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCE IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY SCHOOL OF DIVINITY THE UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH 2014 ABSTRACT Since the 1960’s there has been a marked increase in the number of known conversions from Islam to Christianity. This thesis asks whether certain of these ex-Muslim Christians engage in the process of theology-making and, if so, it asks what these theologies claim to know about God and humans’ relation to God. Utilizing the dialectic of contextuality-contextualization of Shoki Coe, and the sociology of theological knowledge of Robert Schreiter, the thesis seeks to answer these questions by the use of two case studies and an examination of some of the texts written by ex-Muslim Christians. Lewis Rambo’s theory of religious conversion and Steven Lukes’ theory of power will be used to clarify the changing dynamics of power which have helped to foster modern contexts wherein an unprecedented number of Muslims are both exposed to the Christian message and, if they choose to do so, able to appropriate it through religious conversion. The two case studies are of a Christian community which founded a Muslim-background church in the Arabophone world and some Iranian Christian congregations in the USA and UK Diaspora. Aspects of the contexts of these believers are investigated in some detail, including motives for religious conversion, numbers and locations of the converts, how apostates may be treated by Muslims, changes in migration and communications, and the Christian concept of religious conversion. The concept of inculturation which helps to describe the meeting of a specific community with the Christian message will aid in analyzing the communities and individuals being studied. The final chapter brings together the various threads which have been raised throughout the thesis and argues that ex-Muslim Christians are engaged in theology-making, that areas of interest to them include theology of the church, salvation and baptism, and that the dominant metaphor in these theologies is a conceptualization of love and power that sees the two divine traits as inseparable from each other; they represent a knowledge about who God is and what he is like, which, in their understanding, is irreconcilable with their former religion, Islam. SIGNED DECLARATION I, DUANE ALEXANDER MILLER, HEREBY DECLARE THAT I HAVE WRITTEN THIS THESIS AND THAT THE WORK IT CONTAINS IS ENTIRELY MY OWN. I FURTHERMORE DECLARE THAT THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR ANY OTHER DEGREE OR PROFESSIONAL QUALIFICATION. SIGNED DATE Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................................ ix ABBREVIATIONS ....................................................................................................................... xi Chapter 1: Theology-making and Power .................................................................. 1 1. Reason for this Research ..................................................................................................... 1 2. Research Methodology ........................................................................................................ 2 3. Who are theology-makers? ............................................................................................... 10 4. What is theology-making? ................................................................................................. 11 5. What counts as God knowledge? Robert Schreiter on types of theological output ......... 22 6. Power ................................................................................................................................. 24 7. Structure of the Thesis ....................................................................................................... 35 8. Chapter Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 37 Chapter 2: The Context of the ex-Muslim Christian: Conversion and Apostasy ............................................................................................................................ 39 1. Context and Conversion ..................................................................................................... 39 2. Religious Conversion .......................................................................................................... 40 3. Apostasy (Ridda or Irtidaad) .............................................................................................. 54 4. Reasons why Muslims Convert to Christ ........................................................................... 65 5. Identity ............................................................................................................................... 73 6. Chapter Conclusion ............................................................................................................ 78 Chapter 3: The 20th Century: Changes in Context, Numbers and Locations of Converts ........................................................................................................................ 81 1. A brief historical background: the Great Experiment ........................................................ 81 2. Difficulties related to estimating numbers of converts ...................................................... 83 3. Countries and Regions ........................................................................................................ 87 4. Methodology ...................................................................................................................... 89 5. Question on Influential Figures .......................................................................................... 90 6. Question on Factors Facilitating Conversion ...................................................................... 94 7. Chapter Conclusion........................................................................................................... 114 Chapter 4: Context and the Birth of a Muslim-background Congregation in the Arab World ............................................................................................................. 117 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 117 2. The Context and Birth of a Church ................................................................................... 117 3. Empowerment through Inculturation .............................................................................. 130 4. Towards a New Identity in Kitma ..................................................................................... 141 5. Kitma and the Beginnings of Theology-making? .............................................................. 151 6. Chapter Conclusion........................................................................................................... 156 CHAPTER 5: LIBERATION AND WISDOM IN THE TEXTS OF EX-MUSLIM CHRISTIANS 159 1. Theology as Liberating Praxis ........................................................................................... 160 2. Theology as Wisdom......................................................................................................... 172 3. Examples of Theology as Liberation and Wisdom: Gulshan Esther and Hannah Shah .... 178 4. Chapter Conclusion: Contextuality and Contextualization............................................... 182 CHAPTER 6: IRANIAN CHRISTIANS IN THE AMERICAN AND BRITISH DIASPORA ....... 185 1. The Growth of Iranian Christianity since 1979 ................................................................. 185 2. Research Background ...................................................................................................... 190 3. Ritual, Antisyncretism, and Persianness .......................................................................... 195 4. Contextualization of the Teaching Ministry and Message .............................................. 202 5. The Attraction of Christianity ........................................................................................... 210 6. Chapter Conclusion .......................................................................................................... 214 Chapter 7: Theology-making: Context, Content, Metaphor, and Purpose 217 1. Chapter Introduction ....................................................................................................... 217
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Soteriology 1 Soteriology
    Soteriology 1 Soteriology OVERVIEW 2 Sin and Salvation 2 The Gospel 3 Three broad aspects 4 Justification 4 Sanctification 5 Glorification 6 ATONEMENT 6 General Results 6 Old Testament Background 6 Sacrifice of Jesus 7 Atonement Theories 9 Extent of the Atonement 10 Synthesis 11 FAITH AND GRACE 13 Types of Faith 13 Christian concept of Faith 14 Rev. J. Wesley Evans Soteriology 2 Grace 15 Nature of Grace 15 Types of Grace 15 Sufficient and Efficacious 15 General effects of Grace (acc. to Aquinas II.I.111.3) 16 THE SALVATION PROCESS 16 Overview Sin and Salvation General Principal: The nature of the problem determines the nature of the solution Problem (Sin related issues) Solution (Salvation) Broken relationship with God Reconciliation and Adoption Death of the Soul (Original Sin) Soul regenerated, allowing the will to seek God Humans under God’s judgment Promise of forgiveness and mercy Corruption of the world, broken Future New Creation relationship with the natural world Evil and unjust human systems Future inauguration of the Kingdom of God Temptation of Satan and fallen angels Future judgment on evil The list above of the sacraments is my own speculation, it seems to “fit” at this point. Rev. J. Wesley Evans Soteriology 3 The Gospel Mark 1:1 The beginning of the good news [ euvaggeli,ou ] of Jesus Christ, the Son of God. Luke 9:6 They departed and went through the villages, bringing the good news [euvaggelizo,menoi ] and curing diseases everywhere. Acts 5:42 And every day in the temple and at home they did not cease to teach and proclaim [ euvaggelizo,menoi ] Jesus as the Messiah.
    [Show full text]
  • RISSIONS and MISSIONARIES PIETER N. HOLTROP and HUGH
    RISSIONS AND MISSIONARIES EDITED BY PIETER N. HOLTROP and HUGH McLEOD PUBLISHED FOR THE ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY SOCIETY BY THE BOYDELL PRESS 2000 CONTENTS List of Contributors vii Editors' Preface ix List of Abbreviations x The Vernacular and the Propagation of the Faith in Anglo-Saxon Missionary Activity i ANNA MARIA LUISEIXI FADDA St Willibrord in Recent Historiography 16 EUGÈNE HONÉE Political Rivalry and Early Dutch Reformed Missions in Seventeenth-Century North Sulawesi (Celebes) 32 HENDRIK E. NIEMEIJER The Beliefs, Aspirations and Methods of the First Missionaries in British Hong Kong, 1841-5 50 KATE LOWE Civilizing the Kingdom: Missionary Objectives and the Dutch Public Sphere Around 1800 65 JORIS VAN EIJNATTEN Language, 'Native Agency', and Missionary Control: Rufus Anderson's Journey to India, 1854-5 81 ANDREW PORTER Why Protestant Churches? The American Board and the Eastern Churches: Mission among 'Nominal' Christians (1820-70) 98 H. L. MURRE-VAN DEN BERG Modernism and Mission: The Influence of Dutch Modern Theology on Missionary Practice in the East Indies in the Nineteenth Century 112 GUUS BOONE 'Hunting for Souls': The Missionary Pilgrimage of George Sherwood Eddy 127 BRIAN STANLEY CONTENTS The Governor a Missionary? Dutch Colonial Rule and Christianization during Idenburg's Term of Office as Governor of Indonesia (1909-16) 142 PIETER N. HOLTROP Re-reading Missionary Publications: The Case of European and Malagasy Martyrologies, 1837-1937 157 RACHEL A. RAKOTONIRINA Women in the Irish Protestant Foreign Missions c. 1873-1914: Representations and Motivations 170 MYRTLE HILL There is so much involved ...' The Sisters of Charity of Saint Charles Borromeo in Indonesia in the Period from the Second World War 186 LIESBETH LABBEKE Missionaries, Mau Mau and the Christian Frontier 200 JOHN CASSON Index 217 VI WHY PROTESTANT CHURCHES? THE AMERICAN BOARD AND THE EASTERN CHURCHES: MISSION AMONG 'NOMINAL' CHRISTIANS (1820-70) by H.
    [Show full text]
  • Answering Christ's Call to Witness in the Middle East
    PRESBYTERIAN MISSION AGENCY / Spring 2015 pcusa.org/missioncrossroads mission ANSWERING CHRIST’S CALL TO WITNESS IN THE MIDDLE EAST AT THE CROSSROADS | By Amgad Beblawi, World Mission Area Coordinator for the Middle East and Europe Mission Crossroads is a Seeing the Middle East Presbyterian Mission Agency publication about the church’s through Christ’s call mission around the world. As reports of turmoil and conflict in the Middle East continue Presbyterian World Mission is to make news headlines, Western governments continue to committed to sending mission deliberate and strategize how to protect their national interests in personnel, empowering the the region. global church, and equipping On the other hand, the church’s outlook and response to events the Presbyterian Church (USA.) in the world is diametrically different. Compelled by the love for mission as together we address of God, the church responds to Christ’s call – “you will be my the root causes of poverty, work for witnesses” (Acts 1:8). reconciliation amidst cultures Christians in the Middle East have, in fact, been Christ’s witnesses since the Day of Pentecost. Successive generations of Christ’s followers proclaimed the of violence, and share the good Gospel to the region’s inhabitants for the past two millennia. However, since the dawn of Islam in news of God’s saving love the seventh century, Christians gradually became a small minority. By the beginning of the 19th through Jesus Christ. century, Orthodox, Assyrian, Maronite, and Eastern Catholic churches that trace their origin to the Apostolic Era were in a state of decline. EDITOR Presbyterian churches in the US and Scotland heard God’s call to send missionaries to Kathy Melvin strengthen indigenous churches in the land where Christianity had its cradle.
    [Show full text]
  • The Clarion of Syria
    AL-BUSTANI, HANSSEN,AL-BUSTANI, SAFIEDDINE | THE CLARION OF SYRIA The Clarion of Syria A PATRIOT’S CALL AGAINST THE CIVIL WAR OF 1860 BUTRUS AL-BUSTANI INTRODUCED AND TRANSLATED BY JENS HANSSEN AND HICHAM SAFIEDDINE FOREWORD BY USSAMA MAKDISI The publisher and the University of California Press Foundation gratefully acknowledge the generous support of the Simpson Imprint in Humanities. The Clarion of Syria Luminos is the Open Access monograph publishing program from UC Press. Luminos provides a framework for preserving and rein- vigorating monograph publishing for the future and increases the reach and visibility of important scholarly work. Titles published in the UC Press Luminos model are published with the same high standards for selection, peer review, production, and marketing as those in our traditional program. www.luminosoa.org The Clarion of Syria A Patriot’s Call against the Civil War of 1860 Butrus al-Bustani Introduced and Translated by Jens Hanssen and Hicham Safieddine Foreword by Ussama Makdisi university of california press University of California Press, one of the most distinguished university presses in the United States, enriches lives around the world by advancing scholarship in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Its activities are supported by the UC Press Foundation and by philanthropic contributions from individuals and institutions. For more information, visit www.ucpress.edu. University of California Press Oakland, California © 2019 by Jens Hanssen and Hicham Safieddine This work is licensed under a Creative Commons CC-BY-NC license. To view a copy of the license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Hanssen, Jens, author & translator.
    [Show full text]
  • From Nominal to Radical Discipleship: One Church’S Approach to Disciple Making
    FROM NOMINAL TO RADICAL DISCIPLESHIP: ONE CHURCH’S APPROACH TO DISCIPLE MAKING WAYNE BERK WALTERS A DISSERTATION Submitted to the Ph.D. in Leadership & Change Program of Antioch University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy May, 2011 Signature Page This is to certify that the dissertation entitled: FROM NOMINAL TO RADICAL DISCIPLESHIP: ONE CHURCH’S APPROACH TO DISCIPLE MAKING prepared by Wayne Berk Walters is approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Leadership and Change. Approved by: __________________________________________________ __________________ Carolyn Kenny, Ph.D., Chair date __________________________________________________ __________________ Philomena Essed, Ph.D., Committee Member date __________________________________________________ __________________ Joel Green, Ph.D., Committee Member date __________________________________________________ __________________ Donald Polkinghorne, Ph.D., External Reader date Copyright 2011 Wayne Walters All rights reserved Acknowledgements I wish to thank my chairperson, Dr. Carolyn Kenny, who guided me with gentle but instructive help along the journey of research and writing my dissertation. I also wish to thank my committee members, Dr. Philomena Essed, Dr. Joel Green, and Dr. Don Polkinghorne for their suggestions for improvements and for their support in this part of my journey in both this degree program and as I seek to continually better understand my role as a Christian and as a pastor. Most of all I wish to thank my wife, Christine Walters, for her consistent support and encouragement, and my children, Brenna, Christopher, Eric, and Joshua who found ways to take care of themselves as I had my head in books or was writing yet another chapter.
    [Show full text]
  • Personal Papers
    Personal Papers This is not a complete listing of all individuals for whom the Yale Divinity Library holds papers. For thorough searching, please use the Yale Finding Aid Database. See also microform collections such as "Women’s lives. Series 3, American women missionaries and pioneers collection" - University of Oregon Libraries. (Film Ms467) When an online finding aid for a collection is available, the record group number (e.g., RG 8) is linked to it. Hard copies are available for all record groups in the Special Collections Reading Room. Also available online is a geographical index grouping individuals and organizations by continent, region or country. For a list of abbreviations used in this chart, click here. Jump to: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W Y Z Abbott, Edward (RG 8) Collection of 57 photographs taken in China (1896-1900) primarily at American Church Mission stations and institutions. Also of interest: Imperial Examination cells at Nanking, Chinese Prayer Book Revision Committee. (.5 linear ft.) Abbott, James (Film Ms.121) Missionary for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints in New Zealand (1892-1896). (1 reel) Ableson, Bradford Edward (RG Prominent Yale Divinity School graduate, Captain in the Chaplain 222) Corps of the U.S. Navy, and clergyman. (11 linear ft.) Adams, Archibald (RG 8) ABFMS missionary to China, stationed in Suifu (Yibin) and Kiating (Leshan), Sichuan prov. (1914-1926); correspondence, writings, photographs of Peking, Western China, Buddhist funeral, people at work, etc. (1 linear ft.) Adams, Marie (RG 8) MEFB missionary in Peking (1915-1950); memoir, photographs and watercolors in silk cases, incl.
    [Show full text]
  • Kiepert's Maps After Robinson and Smith
    Haim Goren, Bruno Schelhaas Kiepert’s Maps after Robinson and Smith: Revolution in Re-Identifying the Holy Land in the Nineteenth Century Summary In the long history of Palestine research one interesting devel- aus den USA stammende Theologe Edward Robinson in Be- opment has to be noted. In the 19th century the Holy Land gleitung des Missionars Eli Smith eine Reise durch das Hei- was ‘rediscovered’, leading to the detailed use of all existing lige Land. Ihre Vorreiterrolle in der Erforschung des Heili- sources, the foremost being the Scriptures. The US theologian gen Landes und die ausführliche Rekonstruktion der Bibel als Edward Robinson, accompanied by the missionary Eli Smith, historisch-geographische Quelle wurde von ihren Zeitgenos- traveled in the Holy Land in 1838. The pioneering role in Holy sen anerkannt und stellte einen Meilenstein auf dem Weg der Land research, the detailed reconstruction of the Scriptures Palästinaforschung zur akademischen Disziplin dar. Ergebnis as a historical-geographical source was accepted by contempo- der Reise war ein umfassendes dreibändiges Werk, das mehre- raries – a milestone in the process of establishing Palestine re- re Karten des jungen Kartographen Heinrich Kiepert enthielt. search as a modern academic discipline. The voyage yielded a Mit diesen Karten wurde ein neues Narrativ im historisch- detailed, three-volume work, including various maps drawn by geographischen Diskurs eingeführt, das zu einer neuen Iden- the young cartographer Heinrich Kiepert. These maps estab- titätskonstruktion des Heiligen Landes führte. lished a new narrative within the historical-geographical dis- Keywords: Palästinaforschung; Kartographiegeschichte; Ed- course, leading to a new construction of the identity of the ward Robinson; Eli Smith; Heinrich Kiepert Holy Land.
    [Show full text]
  • Toward a Conceptual History of Nafir Suriyya Jens Hanssen
    Chapter 4 Toward a Conceptual History of Nafir Suriyya jens hanssen Both words of the title of al-Bustani’s pamphlets require inves- tigation, as well as his definition of them as wataniyyat: What did he mean by nafir and what would have been its connotations? And what did Suriyya mean to al-Bustani and his generation? Was it a description of a real territory or a potentiality? al-Nafir and Suriyya are terms that go back to antiquity, but neither had much traction outside liturgical literature until contact with Protestant missionaries gave them new political valence. al-Nafīr means “clarion” or “trumpet,” which was perhaps so self-evident that al-Bustani did not explain the term in his pamphlets.1 But in Muhit al-Muhit, he dedicated almost an entire page to the different declinations and meanings of the rootn-f-r (from the “bolting of a mare,” to “raising of troops,” “the fugi- tive,” “estrangement,” and “mutual aversion”), before defin- ing al-nafir itself: “someone enlisted in a group or cause,” and “al-nafir al-ʿam means mass mobilization to combat the enemy.” The Protestant convert al-Bustani also lists yawm al-nafir (Judgment Day)2 and informs the reader that al-nafir is also a trumpet or fanfare (al-buq)3 containing associations with Israfil, 45 46 / Chapter 4 the archangel of death alluded to in the Bible and the Quran.4 Then he mentions Nafir Suriyya itself as a set of “meditations on the events of 1860 published in eleven issues that we called wataniyyat.” Like many historians before us, we translate the term as “ clarion” in order to capture both the apocalyptic mood of the text and the author’s passionate call for social concord and overcoming adversity.5 At first sight, the term Suriyya is less complex.
    [Show full text]
  • Presbyterians in Persia: Christianity, Cooperation, and Control in Building the Mission at Orumiyeh
    Presbyterians in Persia: Christianity, Cooperation, and Control in Building the Mission at Orumiyeh by Natalie Kidwell Submitted to the Department of History of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for departmental honors Approved by: _________________________ Dr. Marie Brown Thesis Adviser _________________________ Dr. Anton Rosenthal Committee Member _________________________ Dr. Sam Brody Committee Member _________________________ Date Defended Kidwell 1 Table of Contents Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................................................2-3 Persia and Presbyterians ................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Persian government and foreign powers at play ........................................................................................................... 7-11 Education in Persia ................................................................................................................................................................. 12-14 Western Christianity in Persia ............................................................................................................................................ 15-25 Dwight and Smith ...........................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • THE BIBLE VISION a Bimonthly Journal Reflecting the Light of the Bible on Us and Our Times
    Taylor University Pillars at Taylor University TUFW Alumni Publications Publications for TUFW and Predecessors 4-1-1945 The iB ble Vision Fort Wayne Bible Institute Follow this and additional works at: https://pillars.taylor.edu/tufw-alumni-publications Part of the Higher Education Commons Recommended Citation Fort Wayne Bible Institute, "The iB ble Vision" (1945). TUFW Alumni Publications. 159. https://pillars.taylor.edu/tufw-alumni-publications/159 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Publications for TUFW and Predecessors at Pillars at Taylor University. It has been accepted for inclusion in TUFW Alumni Publications by an authorized administrator of Pillars at Taylor University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. %edSiMe^jM^ ArniL MAY. '45 CONTENTS Editorials Loyal R. Ringenberg The Bottleneck of Spiritual Revival The Way of Spiritual Recovery Whose Business Is It? The Hereditary Harvest of Sin The Blessing of a Godly Heritage Christianity and Womanhood The Mothers of Great Missionaries The Mother of Methodism First Principles of Praying .... B, W. Ayres Salvation V/ith Glory Canon Howett God's Wheels Mary Potts The Spirit of Power Cyril H. Eicher Children; the Hope of America, Leonard Smith As a Chaplain Sees It—With Winged Men, Safara A. Witmer Sanctification J. A. Ringenberg With the Fellowship Circle .... Luella Miller FORT WAYNE BIBLE INSTITUTE Published at. Be! THE BIBLE VISION A Bimonthly Journal Reflecting the Light of the Bible on us and our Times Vol. IX APRIL-MAY, 1.945 No. 41 Published bimonthh/ at Berne, Indiana, by THE FORT WAYNE BIBLE INSTITUTE Editor LOYAL R.
    [Show full text]
  • Is a Believer's Baptism Biblical? Stephen Baker | Contributing Writer 2021 11 Jun
    Is a Believer's Baptism Biblical? Stephen Baker | Contributing Writer 2021 11 Jun Photo credit: ©GettyImages/Evan Schneider What Is the Meaning of Credobaptism? Credobaptism is a compound word, credo meaning I believe, and baptism which means to dip or immerse. In this belief, also known as believer’s baptism, a Christian gets baptized with water after they have professed faith (belief) in Jesus Christ. In this view, baptism does not contribute to salvation in any way, but rather serves as an outward symbol of the inward reality of a believer’s salvation obtained through faith in Jesus, which includes His death and resurrection. What Is the Difference between Infant Baptism and Credobaptism? Infant baptism, also known as pedobaptism, refers to the practice of baptizing the infants of parents who believe in Jesus. In general, pedobaptists fall into two groups: The first group views baptism as a sacrament that cleanses one from their sin. Roman Catholicism is the primary proponent of this view. It is their belief baptism administers a spiritual washing that operates independently from the subject’s faith. Therefore, an infant can receive the purifying effect of baptism even though they do not yet have faith. The second group is driven by their understanding of God’s covenant people traced through the Bible (every saved person). Covenant theology, developed by John Calvin, undergirds this view. This group puts emphasis on the unity of God’s covenant relationship with His people through the whole of salvation history. There are several factors in Scripture used to support this assertion. First, there is a connection between the covenant sign of circumcision in the Old Testament (Genesis 17:10-14) and baptism in the New Testament.
    [Show full text]
  • True Christian Baptism and Communion Joseph Phipps
    Digital Commons @ George Fox University Historical Quaker Books George Fox University Libraries 1870 True Christian Baptism and Communion Joseph Phipps Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/quakerbooks Part of the Christian Denominations and Sects Commons, Christianity Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Recommended Citation Phipps, Joseph, "True Christian Baptism and Communion" (1870). Historical Quaker Books. Book 3. http://digitalcommons.georgefox.edu/quakerbooks/3 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the George Fox University Libraries at Digital Commons @ George Fox University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Historical Quaker Books by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ George Fox University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. "Si 9 Ch^ ^ TRUE CHRISTIAN BAPTISM AND COMMUNION. TRUE CHRISTIAN BAPTISM AND C O M M T J N I O I S r . BY JOSEPH PHIPPS. ■xjt«Xo<>- PHILADELPHIA: FOE SALE AT FRIEND'S BOOK STORE, No. 304 Abch Street, T K U E C H R I S T I A N BAPTISM AND COMMUNION. ON BAPTISM. OHN the Baptist was sent as a voice crying in the wilderness, to proclaim the approach of the Messiah; to point hira out, upon his personal ap pearance, to the jjeople; to preach the necessitj' of repentance for the remission of sins; and to baptize with water, as prefiguring the spiritual administration of the Saviour under the dispensation of the gospel, in baptizing with the Holy Ghost, to the purification of souls, and fitting them for an eternal inheritance with the saints in light.
    [Show full text]