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Agricultural Land Management in the System of Sustainable Rural Development in the Republic of Kazakhstan

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Agricultural Land Management in the System of Sustainable Rural Development in the Republic of Kazakhstan International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue 13, December 2018, pp. 1500-1513, Article ID: IJCIET_09_13_151 Available online at http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJCIET?Volume=9&Issue=13 ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316 © IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed AGRICULTURAL LAND MANAGEMENT IN THE SYSTEM OF SUSTAINABLE RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN Nataliya Ozeranskaya Department of Land Management, S. Seifullin Kazakh AgroTechnical University, Astana - 010011, Astana, Kazakhstan Rauza Abeldina Department of Cadastre and Evaluation, S. Seifullin Kazakh AgroTechnical University, Astana - 010011, Astana, Kazakhstan Gulnara Kurmanova Department of Cadastre and Evaluation, S. Seifullin Kazakh AgroTechnical University, Astana - 010011, Astana, Kazakhstan Zhuldyz Moldumarova Department of Cadastre and Evaluation, S. Seifullin Kazakh AgroTechnical University, Astana - 010011, Astana, Kazakhstan Lyubov Smunyova Department of Cadastre and Evaluation, S. Seifullin Kazakh AgroTechnical University, Astana - 010011, Astana, Kazakhstan ABSTRACT This article proposes the concept of the rational use of agricultural land, which is the basis of territorial planning in the region. The main measure in the system of sustainable rural development is the elaboration of projects for the territorial planning of agricultural enterprises at various levels. The article discusses the possibilities of locating agricultural production based on agro-ecological potential, as well as presents ways to improve the allocation of agricultural land uses. In the context of on- farm land management, it is recommended to optimize land use on the basis of a landscape-ecological approach. The implementation of this approach is illustrated through experimental design. Land planning in rural settlements should also be the task of rational land use in rural areas. http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 1500 [email protected] Nataliya Ozeranskaya, Rauza Abeldina, Gulnara Kurmanova, Zhuldyz Moldumarova and Lyubov Smunyova Key words: Land Management, Land Resources, Rational Land Use, Territorial Planning, Landscape-Ecological Approach, Improvement of Land Use, Agricultural Land Use, Rural Areas, Rural Settlements Cite this Article: Nataliya Ozeranskaya, Rauza Abeldina, Gulnara Kurmanova, Zhuldyz Moldumarova and Lyubov Smunyova, Agricultural Land Management in the System of Sustainable Rural Development in the Republic of Kazakhstan, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(13), 2018, pp. 1500-1513 http://iaeme.com/Home/issue/IJCIET?Volume=9&Issue=13 1. INTRODUCTION The Republic of Kazakhstan, the ninth largest country in the world by area, has vast land resources. The land fund of Kazakhstan is 272.5 million hectares. One of the main objectives of the land policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan is methodological and regulatory support for the rational use and protection of land resources through the formation of sustainable land use and the improvement of land relations and land management. The purpose of the development of the proposed concept is to identify key problems in the use of agricultural land and ways to solve them. The main measure in the system of sustainable rural development is the elaboration of land management projects for agricultural enterprises. The main objectives of ensuring rational land use and protection of land resources, considered in this work, are as follows: - to improve the model of regulating the sustainable development of rural areas through land management; - to carry out work on land use planning at all levels of the republic – regional, district, economic; - to allocate lands in rural settlements; - to locate competitive grain production on the basis of an analysis of natural and climatic potential; - to improve the allocation of land uses of agricultural enterprises: - to use a landscape-ecological approach in the development of agricultural land management projects; - to develop directions for the formation of optimal land use. This concept is recommended as a basis of integrated programs for the development and management of land resources and can be used as a methodological framework for drawing up territorial planning and development schemes for administrative units. 2. METHODS The study used both general scientific and special research methods. Logical and historical methods as well as principles of dialectical logic made it possible to consider all the phenomena in development and interconnection. When studying the research problem, a monographic research method was used. Using statistical methods as well as graphical analysis, the source data were analyzed, and the factors and conditions of land management were evaluated. The database of typical objects was created through the use of geographic information system (GIS) technologies. With the use of GIS technologies, a set of specialized maps was compiled for on-farm and inter-farm land management projects for the territory of objects (rural districts, villages, agricultural enterprises) of Akmola region. With the use of graphical http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 1501 [email protected] Agricultural Land Management in the System of Sustainable Rural Development in the Republic of Kazakhstan modeling and GIS technologies, maps of erosion processes and large-scale landscape hypothesis maps were compiled for the territory of selected land uses. A resource forecasting method was used to improve the methodology of inter-farm land management, taking into account the complex agro-ecological potential. The study was based on the principles of a systematic approach, which involves consideration of the land use of a particular enterprise in the form of a set of landscape systems of various ranks – natural- territorial complexes (facies, tracts, subtracts). In accordance with the task of research, with the help of graphical modeling, land management projects were developed on a landscape basis for the territory of typical objects. All this allowed us to ensure the reliability and validity of the findings. 3. LITERATURE REVIEW It should be noted that the process of the formation of agricultural economic entities is still underway in the country. Along with the formation of new business entities, there is a disintegration and reorganization of the previously created ones. Problems in the field of land management have led to the following: - the lack of approved land management projects has led to the non-observance of intensive technologies for agricultural production by owners and land users. Peasants often neglect even crop rotations, believing that they result in the loss of planted areas, which leads to an increase in land degradation processes and a decrease in soil fertility; - the violation of the stability and compactness of farms has arisen due to the lack of land management projects at the stage of privatization of state and collective farms during the period of privatization [1, 2, 10, 8]. The solution to this problem is aggravated by the fact that most of the land was granted for the maximum possible period of 49 years, although the law provides for 5 years. The peasant surely cannot lose his cultivated land, but in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan, the provision of land in the future must be based on land management documentation [9]. Rational land use is ensured in the development of land management projects for agricultural territories and their strict observance. Among the priorities are the following activities: - zoning of rural areas with regard to an assessment of agrobiological and socio-economic potential and location of productive forces on its basis: main production and infrastructural links; - realization of integrated inter-farm land management; - elaboration of full-fledged projects of on-farm land management [3, 16, 14]. The methodological basis for the stability of agricultural production is the stability of land use. All dynamic processes must be associated with the dynamism of land size, land use and land quality. The stabilization of agricultural production should start with the stabilization of the land use system, which consists in stabilizing the size, allocation, borders and legal regime of land uses. Such shortcomings as strip farming, interspersion and cutting in require land planning to improve land use [10, 8, 3, 16, 14]. The problems of rational land use in relation to the specific conditions of the organization of production and the territory of agricultural land use are resolved by on-farm land management as a system of diverse (environmental, social, economic and other) measures. Territorial planning during land management both contributes to the solution of economic issues related to the use of the resource potential of landscapes and determines their http://iaeme.com/Home/journal/IJCIET 1502 [email protected] Nataliya Ozeranskaya, Rauza Abeldina, Gulnara Kurmanova, Zhuldyz Moldumarova and Lyubov Smunyova environmental sustainability. Based on the research, a landscape-ecological approach is proposed for the territorial planning of agricultural enterprises [16, 6, 14, 15, 4, 7, 5, 12]. 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.1. Allocation of land use and land tenure of agricultural enterprises based on territorial zoning by the complex resource potential In the process of research, factors that influence or depend on land management decision making and identify the potential of competitiveness of the studied objects, or, in this case, districts of Akmola region, have been identified.
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