Meat and Poultry Roasting Charts
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Kitchen Utensils & Equipment
Kitchen Utensils & Equipment ! Miss Povse! Chef’s Knife ! " The most used knife ! " Multi-purpose knife! " Used for peeling, trimming, slicing, chopping and dicing. ! Whisk ! " Used to blend ingredients smooth! " Incorporates air into mixtures! " A narrowed whisk is often referred to as a whip. ! ! Serrated Knife ! " Blade has “teeth”! " Used to cut bread & crust without crushing it. ! " Can cut other hard foods or foods with a skin as well. ! Wooden Spoon ! " Used for mixing, stirring, scooping and serving. ! Perforated Spoon ! " Used for straining solids from liquids. ! " Lifts drained, braised, poached and seared foods. ! " Ex. Lifting vegetables from soup to check for doneness. ! Pastry Cutter/Blender ! " Used to mix fat (i.e. butter or shortening) into flour. ! Paring Knife ! " The 2nd most frequently used knife.! " Used to peeling & trimming the skin off fruits & vegetables. ! " Used for small or intricate work! " Similar to a chef’s knife but smaller. ! Basting/Pastry Brush ! " Used to spread an oil, glaze or egg wash on pastries and bread. ! " In roasting meats, the brush is used to sop up juice or drippings from under the pan and spread them on the surface of meats to crisp the skin. ! Mesh Strainer/Skimmer ! " Separates impurities from liquids. ! " Used to remove cooked food or pasta from a hot liquid. ! Vegetable Brush ! " Used to remove the dirt off fruits, vegetables and potatoes. ! Pancake Turner/Flipper ! " Used to flip or turn over hot foods during preparation. ! " Keeps user’s hands off hot surfaces. ! " May also be used to serve foods. ! Rubber Spatula/Scrapper ! " Used to remove material from mixing bowls and pans. -
Steel Pickling: a Profile
December 1993 Steel Pickling: A Profile Draft Report Prepared for John Robson U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Cost and Economic Impact Section Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 EPA Contract Number 68-D1-0143 RTI Project Number 35U-5681-58 DR EPA Contract Number RTI Project Number 68-D1-0143 35U-5681-58 DR Steel Pickling: A Profile Draft Report December 1993 Prepared for John Robson U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Cost and Economic Impact Section Research Triangle Park, NC 27711 Prepared by Tyler J. Fox Craig D. Randall David H. Gross Center for Economics Research Research Triangle Institute Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page 1 Introduction .................. 1-1 2 The Supply Side of the Industry ......... 2-1 2.1 Steel Production .............. 2-1 2.2 Steel Pickling .............. 2-3 2.2.1 Hydrochloric Acid Pickling ..... 2-5 2.2.1.1 Continuous Pickling .... 2-8 2.2.1.1.1 Coils ...... 2-8 2.2.1.1.2 Tube, Rod, and Wire ...... 2-9 2.2.1.2 Push-Pull Pickling ..... 2-10 2.2.1.3 Batch Pickling ....... 2-11 2.2.1.4 Emissions from Steel Pickling 2-11 2.2.2 Acid Regeneration of Waste Pickle Liquor .............. 2-12 2.2.2.1 Spray Roaster Regeneration Process .......... 2-13 2.3 Types of Steel .............. 2-14 2.3.1 Carbon Steels ............ 2-15 2.3.2 Alloy Steels ............ 2-15 2.3.3 Stainless Steels .......... 2-15 2.4 Costs of Production ........... -
EPISODE 1 Recipes
EPISODE 1 Recipes ANCIENT GRAIN BOWLS 3 WAYS The key to the grain bowls is meal prep! Try roasting some veggies on the weekend and preparing a couple cups of a grain, that way you can have options for quick and delicious meals throughout the week. Prepped items: Grains Options Farro Quinoa Brown Rice Wheat Berries Roasted Veggies Options – Parchment lined cookie sheet, drizzle EVOO, Avocado or coconut oil over veggies, season with S&P. Bake at 400 to your desired doneness, check often and turn. For best results roast separately – for example sweet potatoes take much longer than asparagus. Bell Peppers Broccoli Cauliflower Asparagus Broccoli Asparagus Sweet Potatoes Raw veggie, greens & herb options Spinach Kale Arugula Avocado Carrots – grated Radishes – thinly sliced Zucchini – spiralized Red onions – chopped Scallions Cilantro Protein Black beans Egg Cooked Chicken or whatever meat you like Others Prepared salsas of your liking Seeds or nuts like pumpkin, peanuts, pinenuts, walnuts, almonds, etc Ancient Grain Breakfast Bowl Idea Grain of choice Greens of choice Black beans Sweet potatoes Roasted peppers (or any roasted veggies you like) Avocado Red onion Cilantro Salsa or Pico of choice Top with Egg (poached or fried) and maybe a little hot sauce Avocado Grain Bowl Idea Grain of choice Greens of choice Avocado Any roasted veggies at all Roasted sweet potatoes Zucchini noodles (aka zoodles) Radishes Scallions Protein of choice – chicken, salmon, shrimp, tofu, white beans, steak, etc Cilantro Pumpkin seeds Avocado Citrus Dressing ½ ripe -
TIMETABLE for TURKEY ROASTING (325 °F Oven Temperature) These Times Are Approximate and Should Always Be Used in Conjunction with a Properly Placed Food Thermometer
TIMETABLE FOR TURKEY ROASTING (325 °F oven temperature) These times are approximate and should always be used in conjunction with a properly placed food thermometer. A whole turkey is safe cooked to a minimum internal temperature of 165 °F throughout the bird. Always use a food thermometer to check the internal temperature of your turkey and stuffing. For reasons of personal preference, consumers may choose to cook turkey to higher temperatures. For optimum safety, do not stuff whole poultry. It is recommended to cook stuffing outside the bird. If stuffing whole poultry, the center of the stuffing must reach a minimum internal temperature of 165 °F. Let the bird stand 20 minutes before removing stuffing and carving. Approximate Turkey Cooking Times Unstuffed Stuffed Product Weight Timing Timing 2 to 3 50 to 60 Not Breast, Half pounds minutes applicable 4 to 6 1½ to 2¼ Not Breast, Whole pounds hours applicable 6 to 8 2¼ to 3¼ 3 to 3½ Breast, Whole pounds hours hours 8 to 12 2¾ to 3 3 to 3½ pounds hours hours 12 to 14 3 to 3¾ 3½ to 4 pounds hours hours 14 to 18 3¾ to 4¼ 4 to 4¼ Whole turkey pounds hours hours 18 to 20 4¼ to 4½ 4¼ to 4¾ pounds hours hours 20 to 24 4½ to 5 4¾ to 5¼ pounds hours hours 3/4 to 1 2 to 2¼ Not Drumsticks pound each hours applicable 3/4 to 1 1¾ to 2 Not Thighs pound each hours applicable 6 to 8 Wings, wing 1¾ to 2¼ Not ounces drumettes hours applicable each Roasting Instructions 1. -
Roasting-Report-2018.Pdf
FAIRCHAIN ROASTING FAIRCHAIN EPISODE 1, THE SAGA BEGINS. very cool photograph in our report – you’ll recognize them when you see them – is the work of Dutch photographer and artist Jan Hoek (1984). In the spring of 2016, Jan traveled to Ethiopia with his camera and a bit of help from a local fixer and the ladies Eand gents from Moyee. In a few weeks’ time, he set out to capture some of the key FairChain players. In the spirit of radical transparency, we’d like to note that we had absolutely no influen- ce, positive or negative, on Jan’s work. Jan shot what Jan wanted to shoot, and the resulting images are the work of his great imagination. Please take the time to read his captions, as well as marvel at his snapshots; only then will you be as impressed and amused as we are. 4 FAIRCHAIN ROASTING PLAN 2018 5 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION “ Consider it an invitation INTRODUCTION to help us improve” HERE’S THE TOP 5 GREATEST HITS OF FAIRCHAIN EPISODE 1: THE ANNEX MOYEE CELEBRATED – BIG MOYEE WAS NAMED HOLLAND’S #1 TIME – ITS FIRST ROAST #2 MOST INNOVATIVE COMPANY airChain is all about sharing the pany. Episode 1 of the FairChain saga was solving the problems of an unfair distribution This document is a summary of the impact report we helped value that is created fairly amongst all about setting up a world-class roastery of wealth between coffee growing and Moyee Coffee with. Creating an Impact Report is serious Moyee celebrated their very first batch of Another trophy for all stakeholders in a production churning out beautiful roasted Arabica beans consuming countries. -
Turkey Basics: Safe Cooking
United States Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service www.fsis.usda.gov Food Safety Information Turkey Basics: Safe Cooking A food thermometer should be 2. Be sure the turkey is The temperature of the turkey and used to ensure a safe minimum completely thawed. Times are the center of the stuffing must reach internal temperature of 165 °F based on fresh or thawed birds at a safe minimum internal temperature has been reached to destroy a refrigerator temperature of 40 °F of 165 °F. Check the temperature in bacteria and prevent foodborne or below. the innermost part of the thigh and illness. wing and the thickest part of the 3. Place turkey breast-side up breast. Many variables can affect the on a flat wire rack in a shallow roasting time of a whole turkey: roasting pan 2 to 2 1/2 inches 6. Let the bird stand 20 minutes deep. before removing stuffing and • A partially frozen turkey Optional steps: carving. requires longer cooking. • Tuck wing tips back under • A stuffed turkey takes longer shoulders of bird (called APPROXIMATE COOKING TIMES to cook. “akimbo”). (325 °F oven temperature) • The oven may heat food • Add one-half cup water to the unevenly. bottom of the pan. UNSTUFFED (time in hours) • Temperature of the oven In the beginning, a tent of • 4 to 6 lb breast........ ..1 1/2 to 2 1/4 may be inaccurate. aluminum foil may be placed 6 to 8 lb breast....... ...2 1/4 to 3 1/4 • Dark roasting pans cook loosely over the breast of the 8 to 12 lbs.......................2 3/4 to 3 faster than shiny metals. -
BAKING, ROASTING and COOKING with the Miele Oven
BAKING, ROASTING AND COOKING BAKING, ROASTING AND COOKING with the Miele oven BAKING, ROASTING AND COOKING with the Miele oven ore and more cooks are discover- Ming just how versatile the Miele oven is. Whether baking, roasting, cook- ing or grilling, you will soon see how many ways your oven can be used. Not only is it ideal for well-loved classics such as pizza, cakes, souffles and gra- tins, but roasts, bread and desserts are cooked to perfection too. Features which professional cooks have long taken for granted are now increasingly available to the keen amateur, for whose creativi- ty the sky is now the limit. Be enthused by more than 140 exclusively developed recipes which have their inspiration in with the Miele oven cuisines from all over the globe. Be it a savoury apple tart with liver, roast veal with a prawn crust or a Creole mango gateau – it has never been so easy to achieve perfect results in the kitchen. M-Nr.: 7 143 490 GT M.-Nr.: 7 253 800 Oe Edition 2 BÖ 4052 (Mohn) - 12/08 © Pubished by Verlag Zabert Sandmann Munich 2nd Edition 2008 Graphics Georg Feigl Food photography Susie Eising (see PHOTOGRAPHY at end of INDEX for reference to other photography) Recipes Michael Koch Editiorial Edelgard Prinz-Korte, Martin Kintrup, Alexandra Schlinz, Eva-Maria Hege Production Karin Mayer, Peter Karg-Cordes Lithography MM Intec GmbH, Miesbach Printer Mohn media Mohndruck GmbH, Gütersloh English Translation Dept. and Training Kitchen, Miele UK This book is the result of a joint project between the publisher, Verlag Zabert Sandmann (www.zsverlag.de) and the Miele Company (www.miele.de). -
COOKERY PROCESSES (COOKING METHODS) a Lot of Cooking
COOKERY PROCESSES (COOKING METHODS) A lot of cooking methods are used in catering and hotel industry. Each is specific and has its advantages and disadvantages. The cookery processes or cooking methods are: a) Boiling b) Poaching c) Stewing d) Braising e) Steaming f) Baking g) Roasting h) Pot roasting i) Grilling j) Shallow Frying k) Deep Frying l) Microwaving 1. Boiling www.astro.su.se/.../small_500/Boiling_water.jpg 1.1 Definition Boiling is cooking prepared foods in a liquid (water, bouillon, stock, milk) at boiling point. 1.2 Methods Food is boiled in two ways: a) food is placed into boiling liquid, reboiled, then the heat is reduced, so that the liquid boils gently – simmering; b) food is covered with cold liquid, brought to the boil, then the heat is reduced, so that the food simmers. 1.3 Advantages a) older, tougher joints of meat can be made palatable and digestible b) appropriate for large-scale cookery - 2 - c) economic on fuel d) nutritious, well flavoured stock is produced e) labor saving, requires little attention f) safe and simple g) maximum colour and nutritive value are retained with green vegetables – but the boiling time must be kept to the minimum 1.4 Disadvantages a) foods can look unattractive b) it can be slow c) loss of soluble vitamins in the water 1.5 Examples of foods which might be cooked by boiling - stocks (beef, mutton, chicken, fish) - sauces (brown, white, curry) - glazes (fish, meat) - soup (tomato, lentil) - farinaceous (pasta) - fish (cod, salmon) - meat (beef, leg of mutton) - vegetables (carrots, cabbage, potatoes). -
01 Methods of Cooking
Food Production Foundation -II BHM -201T UNIT: 01 METHODS OF COOKING Structure 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Objectives 1.3 Heat and Cooking 1.3.1 What is heat? 1.3.2 Effect of Heat on food 1.3.3 Method of heat transfer 1.4 Methods of cooking 1.5 Moist heat Methods of Cooking 1.5.1 Boiling 1.5.2 Poaching 1.5.3 Steaming 1.5.4 Stewing 1.5.5 Braising 1.6 Dry heat Methods of Cooking 1.6.1 Baking 1.6.2 Roasting 1.6.3 Grilling 1.7 Frying 1.8 Modern Methods of cooking 1.8.1 Paper Bag (en papillotte) 1.8.2 Microwave Cooking 1.8.3 Infra-red Cooking 1.9 HACCP Standards and Professional Kitchens 1.9.1 Introduction 1.9.2 What is HACCP? 1.9.3 Food Preparation Hazard and Control Rules 1.10 Summary 1.11 Key Terms 1.12 References and Bibliography 1.13 Review Questions 1.1 Introduction This chapter deals with basic principles. You will learn about what happens to food when it is heated, about how food is cooked by different methods, and about rules of seasoning and flavouring. It is important to understand the science of food and cooking so you can successfully use these principles in the kitchen. 1.2 Objectives After reading this unit the learner will be able to understand: • Methods of heat transfer Uttarakhand Open University 1 Food Production Foundation -II BHM -201T • Effect of heat on food • Moist heat Methods of Cooking • Dry heat Methods of Cooking • Frying • Modern Methods of cooking 1.3 Heat and Cooking To cook food means to heat it in order to make certain changes in it. -
Preserving Summer Sausage and Meats
SP 50-735 Revised March 2020 Oregon State University Extension Service Preserving Meats Summer Sausage & Deli Style Meats Summer sausage can be successfully made at home. Recipes can be adapted to make them leaner than their commercial counterparts. Special seasonings can also be added. If you plan to grind your own meat, a meat grinder is recommended. Food processors can be used, but have limited versatility since they will only produce a fine grind. Some grinders come with casing attachments. The best casings are from the small intestine of hogs or sheep. Synthetic casings made from collagen or cellulose are also available. They can usually be purchased from butcher shops that make sausage. Sausage can also be shaped and cooked without a casing. Ingredients Meat: Sausages will be moister and hold together better if there is some fat in the meat. Regular grind beef, lamb, pork, and chicken work well. Venison and turkey might need a little pork or beef fat added. Mixing leaner meats with ground pork will make a leaner product. The standard recipe usually uses 4 pounds of ground venison or turkey to 1 pound of ground pork. Keep the meat as cold as possible during the entire sausage making process. Nonfat dry milk: You can add ¼-½ cup of nonfat dry milk per pound of meat to help hold leaner sausage together. Nitrates and Nitrites: Sodium and potassium nitrite and nitrate (saltpeter) have been added to cured meats for centuries. These additives have several purposes. They preserve the red color of meat; they help to give the distinctive cured flavor; and they inhibit the growth of Clostridium botulinum, the bacteria that cause botulism food poisoning. -
Download the Day Two SOP Cooking Techniques
WELCOME Cooking 101 – Baking Baking is a method of cooking food that uses prolonged dry heat, normally in an oven, but also in hot ashes, or on hot stones. The most common baked item is bread but many other types of foods are baked.Heat is gradually transferred "from the surface of cakes, cookies, and breads to their center. As heat travels through, it transforms batters and doughs into baked goods with a firm dry crust and a softer center. Baking can be combined with grilling to produce a hybrid barbecue variant by using both methods simultaneously, or one after the other. Baking is related to barbecuing because the concept of the masonry oven is similar to that of a smoke pit. Cooking 101 – Barbecue Barbecuing techniques include smoking, roasting or baking, braising and grilling. The original technique is cooking using smoke at low temperatures and long cooking times (several hours). Baking uses an oven to convection cook with moderate temperatures for an average cooking time of about an hour. Braising combines direct, dry heat charbroiling on a ribbed surface with a broth-filled pot for moist heat. Grilling is done over direct, dry heat, usually over a hot fire for a few minutes. Cooking 101 – Boiling Boiling is the method of cooking food in boiling water or other water-based liquids such as stock or milk.Simmering is gentle boiling,while in poaching the cooking liquid moves but scarcely bubbles. Cooking 101 – Braising A combination-cooking method that uses both wet and dry heats: typically, the food is first seared at a high temperature, then finished in a covered pot at a lower temperature while sitting in some (variable) amount of liquid (which may also add flavor). -
Introduction to Culinary Technology & Methods
S T Introduction to Culinary Technology & Methods U D Labels E tool used for identifying food items within the kitchen according to date N prepared or other important factors T V Use-by-Date O regulated date for food safety; used to protect consumers and inform food C preparers of freshness A B Ready-to-Eat Foods U food which is ready for human consumption; generally handled with latex L A gloves for safety R Y Refrigeration Requirements temperature levels used to keep food fresh; generally regulated by local H entities A N D Mis en Place O term referencing preparation for food and tools used with a particular dish; U French for “put in place” T Portion Cups used to hold desired amounts of ingredients for food preparation Cheese Cloth kitchen tool used for many purposes, including moisture removal Pan-Frying cooking technique used to fry foods with oils in a frying pan Smoke Point temperature at which oil will begin to smoke Portion Control regulating the size of a serving Cutting Board solid surface made of plastic, wood or other materials used to safely cut food products Round Cuts cutting techniques which include the rondelle and diagonal methods Accompanies: Introduction to Culinary Technology & Methods 1 S T Introduction to Culinary Technology & Methods U D Rondelle Cut E cutting round foods into round slices N T Diagonal Cut V cutting foods at angles to achieve oval shaped slices O C Stick Cuts A cutting techniques that include batonnet and julienne B U Batonnet Cuts L A precise cutting method used to achieve slices of a particular