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Valuations for Re-Organisations
VALUATIONS FOR RE-ORGANISATIONS CA VIKRAM JAIN 04 MAY 2019 VALUATION CONCEPTS & PURPOSE CA VIKRAM JAIN 2 VALUATION CONCEPTS Value - Price Value varies Not an with Exact Situation science Valuation More of an Subjective Art Date Specific CA VIKRAM JAIN 3 TYPES OF ASSETS Others Securities • Jewellery or Intangible Land and Plant and • Archaeological Business Collections Financial Assets Building Machinery • Drawings Assets • Paintings • Sculptures CA VIKRAM JAIN 4 PURPOSE OF VALUATION Business Valuation Regulatory Intangibles Financial Reporting Purchase Price Restructuring FEMA Purchase / Sale Allocation Purchase / Sale of Private Equity/ Income Tax Act Hypothecation shares / business Venture Capital Funds Litigation / Family Accounting for SEBI Regulations Financial Instruments Settlements purchase Ind AS reporting – Fair Fund raising Companies Act Impairment Value / Impairment CA VIKRAM JAIN 5 PROCESS OF VALUATION CA VIKRAM JAIN 6 STEPS IN VALUATION 1 2 3 4 Information Analysis Valuation Recommendation • Obtaining information • Data Analysis and review Methodologies • Assigning Weights • Business Understanding • Discussion with the • Selection of method • Recommendation Management • Conducting sensitivity • Reporting analysis CA VIKRAM JAIN 7 SOURCES OF INFORMATION Historical data such as audited results of the Company Industry & Company overview Future projections Management Discussion Stock market quotations / announcements Publicly available data on comparable companies Market surveys, news paper reports Representation by Management -
Adopting a Poison Pill in Response to Shareholder Activism
IN THE BOARDROOM CAPITAL MARKETS & CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Ismagilov/Shutterstock.com Adopting a Poison Pill in Response to Shareholder Activism In his regular column, Frank Aquila drafts a memo to a board explaining the considerations it should evaluate when deciding whether to adopt a poison pill. FRANCIS J. AQUILA PARTNER SULLIVAN & CROMWELL LLP Frank has a broad multidisciplinary practice that includes extensive experience in negotiated and unsolicited mergers and acquisitions, activist and takeover defense, complex cross-border transactions, global joint ventures, and private equity transactions. He regularly counsels boards of directors and board committees on corporate governance matters and crisis management. MEMORANDUM TO: The Board of Directors FROM: Frank Aquila RE: Considerations When Adopting a Poison Pill in Response to Shareholder Activism As we have discussed, the Investor has just filed a Schedule 13D with the Securities and Exchange Commission disclosing equity holdings in the Company equal to 8.8% of the Company’s common stock. The Investor has also disclosed its intentions to increase its stake to approximately 15%, seek representation on the Company’s Board, and then advocate for either a spin-off of certain business units or a sale of the Company. 22 April 2016 | Practical Law © 2016 Thomson Reuters. All rights reserved. To strengthen the Board’s negotiating leverage and provide adequate time to evaluate what alternatives would be in the best interests of the Company and its shareholders, the Board is considering adopting a shareholder rights plan, commonly known as a poison pill, with a 10% threshold. Correctly implemented, the triggering of this poison pill would massively dilute the Investor’s voting and equity stake as soon as the Investor acquires 10% of the Company’s outstanding common stock by allowing all other shareholders to purchase additional shares at a steep discount. -
1 IRREVOCABLE SUBSCRIPTION UNDERTAKING TO: Tryg A/S
EXECUTION VERSION IRREVOCABLE SUBSCRIPTION UNDERTAKING TO: Tryg A/S Klausdalsbrovej 601 2670 Ballerup Denmark ("Tryg") and Morgan Stanley & Co. International plc 25 Cabot Square Canary Wharf London E14 4QA United Kingdom ("Morgan Stanley") and Danske Bank A/S Holmens Kanal 2 - 12 DK-1092 Copenhagen Denmark ("Danske Bank" and together with Morgan Stanley, the "Underwriters") FROM: TryghedsGruppen SMBA Hummeltoftevej 49 2830 Virum Denmark (the "Foundation", "us", "we") Date: 18 November 2020 1 RECOMMENDED CASH OFFER TO ACQUIRE RSA INSURANCE GROUP PLC AND RIGHTS ISSUE IN TRYG A/S 1.1 We understand that Tryg together with Regent Bidco Limited (“Bidco”) and Intact Financial Corporation ("Intact") contemplate an acquisition by Bidco of the entire issued and to be issued share capital of RSA Insurance Group plc ("RSA") (the "Acquisition") by way of court-sanctioned scheme of arrangement under Part 26 of the UK Companies Act 2006 (including any new, increased, renewed or revised scheme of arrangement) (the ''Scheme''). In connection with the Acquisition, 1 Intact and Tryg have entered into a Separation Agreement with respect to the Scandinavia Sepa- ration, on the terms and conditions as summarised in the draft announcement attached to this irrevocable undertaking as Appendix 1.1 (the ''Rule 2.7 Announcement''), together with such additional terms and conditions as may be required by the Applicable Requirements (as defined in Clause 1.3 below) or as may be agreed in writing between Tryg, Intact, Bidco and RSA provided that such additional terms shall not increase Foundation's payment obligations under this irrevoca- ble undertaking or change the consideration contributed by Tryg to the Acquisition as indicated in the Rule 2.7 Announcement without the Foundation's prior consent. -
Initial Public Offerings
November 2017 Initial Public Offerings An Issuer’s Guide (US Edition) Contents INTRODUCTION 1 What Are the Potential Benefits of Conducting an IPO? 1 What Are the Potential Costs and Other Potential Downsides of Conducting an IPO? 1 Is Your Company Ready for an IPO? 2 GETTING READY 3 Are Changes Needed in the Company’s Capital Structure or Relationships with Its Key Stockholders or Other Related Parties? 3 What Is the Right Corporate Governance Structure for the Company Post-IPO? 5 Are the Company’s Existing Financial Statements Suitable? 6 Are the Company’s Pre-IPO Equity Awards Problematic? 6 How Should Investor Relations Be Handled? 7 Which Securities Exchange to List On? 8 OFFER STRUCTURE 9 Offer Size 9 Primary vs. Secondary Shares 9 Allocation—Institutional vs. Retail 9 KEY DOCUMENTS 11 Registration Statement 11 Form 8-A – Exchange Act Registration Statement 19 Underwriting Agreement 20 Lock-Up Agreements 21 Legal Opinions and Negative Assurance Letters 22 Comfort Letters 22 Engagement Letter with the Underwriters 23 KEY PARTIES 24 Issuer 24 Selling Stockholders 24 Management of the Issuer 24 Auditors 24 Underwriters 24 Legal Advisers 25 Other Parties 25 i Initial Public Offerings THE IPO PROCESS 26 Organizational or “Kick-Off” Meeting 26 The Due Diligence Review 26 Drafting Responsibility and Drafting Sessions 27 Filing with the SEC, FINRA, a Securities Exchange and the State Securities Commissions 27 SEC Review 29 Book-Building and Roadshow 30 Price Determination 30 Allocation and Settlement or Closing 31 Publicity Considerations -
COVID-19 Booklet Collection of Newsletters
COVID-19 booklet Collection of newsletters Last updated 1 May 2020 Table of contents News General COVID-19: The Danish Epidemic Act 6 3 April 2020 | Martin André Dittmer, Thomas Edelgaard Christensen Temporary compensation scheme for self-employed and freelancers 15 25 March 2020 | Christoffer Fode, Erik Molin Temporary compensation scheme for companies’ overhead expenses 18 25 March 2020 | Christoffer Fode, Erik Molin COVID-19: The Government and the Danish Parliament launch extensive bailout package 22 19 March 2020 | Martin André Dittmer, Thomas Edelgaard Christensen COVID-19: Compensation scheme for exposed undertakings and business owners 24 18 March 2020 | Martin André Dittmer, Christian Alsøe Labour & Employment Practical guide to compensation of wages and salaries 26 30 April 2020 | Jacob Sand, Sabine Brandhøj Overgaard COVID-19: Specific measures for handling the reduced need for manpower 34 16 March 2020 | Jacob Sand The coronavirus and concerns relating to employees 36 9 March 2020 | Tue Goldschmieding, Jacob Sand Banking & Finance Far reaching COVID-19 measures for businesses in Germany 40 30 March 2020 | Lotte Eskesen, Claus Jespersen, Hanne Jespersen Hansen, Alexander Maierski Liquidity and other measures in Denmark, across Europe and beyond 43 24 March 2020 | Michael Steen Jensen, Tobias Linde, Mikkel Fritsch, Morten Nybom Bethe, Bo Holse, Morten Hans Jakobsen Temporary rules concerning businesses under supervision of the Danish Financial Supervisory 46 Authority 19 March 2020 | Michael Steen Jensen, Morten Nybom Bethe, -
The SEC and the Failure of Federal, Takeover Regulation
Florida State University Law Review Volume 34 Issue 2 Article 2 2007 The SEC and the Failure of Federal, Takeover Regulation Steven M. Davidoff [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.law.fsu.edu/lr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Steven M. Davidoff, The SEC and the Failure of Federal, Takeover Regulation, 34 Fla. St. U. L. Rev. (2007) . https://ir.law.fsu.edu/lr/vol34/iss2/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Florida State University Law Review by an authorized editor of Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW THE SEC AND THE FAILURE OF FEDERAL TAKEOVER REGULATION Steven M. Davidoff VOLUME 34 WINTER 2007 NUMBER 2 Recommended citation: Steven M. Davidoff, The SEC and the Failure of Federal Takeover Regulation, 34 FLA. ST. U. L. REV. 211 (2007). THE SEC AND THE FAILURE OF FEDERAL TAKEOVER REGULATION STEVEN M. DAVIDOFF* I. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................. 211 II. THE GOLDEN AGE OF FEDERAL TAKEOVER REGULATION.................................. 215 A. The Williams Act (the 1960s) ..................................................................... 215 B. Going-Privates (the 1970s)......................................................................... 219 C. Hostile Takeovers (the 1980s)..................................................................... 224 1. SEC Legislative -
Leveraged Buyouts, and Mergers & Acquisitions
Chepakovich valuation model 1 Chepakovich valuation model The Chepakovich valuation model uses the discounted cash flow valuation approach. It was first developed by Alexander Chepakovich in 2000 and perfected in subsequent years. The model was originally designed for valuation of “growth stocks” (ordinary/common shares of companies experiencing high revenue growth rates) and is successfully applied to valuation of high-tech companies, even those that do not generate profit yet. At the same time, it is a general valuation model and can also be applied to no-growth or negative growth companies. In a limiting case, when there is no growth in revenues, the model yields similar (but not the same) valuation result as a regular discounted cash flow to equity model. The key distinguishing feature of the Chepakovich valuation model is separate forecasting of fixed (or quasi-fixed) and variable expenses for the valuated company. The model assumes that fixed expenses will only change at the rate of inflation or other predetermined rate of escalation, while variable expenses are set to be a fixed percentage of revenues (subject to efficiency improvement/degradation in the future – when this can be foreseen). This feature makes possible valuation of start-ups and other high-growth companies on a Example of future financial performance of a currently loss-making but fast-growing fundamental basis, i.e. with company determination of their intrinsic values. Such companies initially have high fixed costs (relative to revenues) and small or negative net income. However, high rate of revenue growth insures that gross profit (defined here as revenues minus variable expenses) will grow rapidly in proportion to fixed expenses. -
1 PARTIAL DEMERGER PLAN of LUXOTTICA S.R.L. in FAVOUR OF
PARTIAL DEMERGER PLAN OF LUXOTTICA S.r.l. IN FAVOUR OF LUXOTTICA GROUP S.p.a. The Board of Directors of Luxottica S.r.l., a single-member company (hereinafter “Luxottica” or the “Company to be Demerged”) and Luxottica Group S.p.A. (hereinafter “Luxottica Group”, or the “Beneficiary Company” and Luxottica and Luxottica Group referred to collectively hereinafter as the “Companies Participating in the Demerger”) have prepared the following Demerger plan (the “Demerger Plan”) for the partial demerger of Luxottica S.r.l. in favour of Luxottica Group S.p.A. (hereinafter, the “Demerger”) in accordance with articles 2506, 2501-ter and 2505 paragraph 2, as referred to in article 2506-ter of the Italian Civil Code. It is to be noted that: (i) Luxottica Group holds the full share capital of Luxottica and therefore, in compliance with the provisions of articles 2505, paragraph 1, and 2506-ter, paragraph 5, of the Italian Civil Code: The administrative bodies of Luxottica and the Luxottica Group did not prepare the report for the Demerger Plan as stated in articles 2506-ter paragraphs 1 and 2, and 2501- quinquies of the Italian Civil Code; The experts’ report will not be prepared as stated in article 2501-sexies of the Italian Civil Code, as referred to in article 2506-ter, paragraph 3, Italian Civil Code. (ii) In accordance with the terms of articles 2505, paragraph 2, and 2506-ter, paragraph 5, of the Italian Civil Code, the provisions of article 23 of the articles of association of Luxottica Group (contained in Annex “A” of the Demerger Plan), -
When Crisis Politics Sowed Doubts About the Tripartition of Power
Djøf's Corona Task Force When crisis politics sowed doubts about the tripartition of power What corona teaches us about the rule of law in a time of crisis Brief 2 Thinking beyond 2 // Brief 2: When crisis politics sowed doubts about the tripartition of power Corona as a magnifying glass for the tripartition of power Was there uncertainty in Denmark about who partially shut down the courts in the first wave? And what does that mean for the tripartition of power? The days surrounding the closure of Denmark on March 11, 2020, were marked by the precarious state in which the corona crisis had plunged the whole of Europe. The Danish Government had a clear message: If the chains of infection were to be broken and society’s most vulnerable were to be protected, action had to be taken quickly. And things moved quickly thereafter. Laws were changed and new, extensive legislation was introduced to protect us from the virus. Weeklong hearings, where all of the details of a bill are usually scrutinized, were settled in a few hours without the usual consultation process. Red-eyed ministers and MPs were on TV morning, noon and night, explaining the new rules that had been adopted after yet another marathon session. All ten of the political parties in the Danish Parliament – and society in general – supported this “crisis policy of necessity”. And surveys have found unprecedented confidence in the population that the decision-makers made the best and most nec- essary decisions for the country. All of the phases of the legislative work were formally complied with and special legislation was given an expiration date. -
UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT March 26, 2021 Intact Financial
UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT March 26, 2021 Intact Financial Corporation 700 University Avenue, Suite 1500 Toronto, Ontario M5G 0A1 Attention: Mr. Frédéric Cotnoir Senior Vice President, Corporate and Legal Services and Secretary Ladies and Gentlemen: CIBC World Markets Inc. (“ CIBC ”) and National Bank Financial Inc. (“ NBF”, and together with CIBC, the “ Lead Underwriters ” and each a “ Lead Underwriter ”) and TD Securities Inc., BMO Nesbitt Burns Inc., RBC Dominion Securities Inc., Scotia Capital Inc., Barclays Capital Canada Inc. and Casgrain & Company Limited (collectively with the Lead Underwriters, the “ Underwriters ”, and each individually, an “ Underwriter ”), understand that Intact Financial Corporation (the “Corporation ”), a corporation incorporated under the laws of Canada, proposes, upon the terms and subject to the conditions contained herein, to create, issue and sell to the Underwriters $250 million aggregate principal amount of 4.125% Fixed-to-Fixed Rate Subordinated Notes, Series 1 due March 31, 2081 (the “ Notes ”). Upon and subject to the terms and conditions contained in this Agreement, the Underwriters hereby severally offer to purchase from the Corporation in their respective percentages set out in Section 14(a) hereof, and the Corporation hereby agrees to issue and sell to the Underwriters all but not less than all of the Notes at a price of $100 per $100 principal amount (the “ Offering Price ”). After a reasonable effort has been made to sell all of the Notes at the Offering Price, the Underwriters may subsequently reduce the selling price to investors from time to time. Any such reduction in the selling price to investors shall not affect the Offering Price payable by the Underwriters to the Corporation. -
Human Rights in Denmark Status 2014-15 a Summary
HUMAN RIGHTS IN DENMARK HUMAN RIGHTS IN DENMARK Status 2014-15 A SUMMARY STATUS 2014-15 A SUMMARY 2014-15 STATUS IMR_Status_UK_Omslag14_02_.indd 1 13/05/15 17.06 HUMAN RIGHTS IN DENMARK Status 2014-15 A SUMMARY IMR_Status2014_UK_01.indd 1 13/05/15 17.04 HUMAN RIGHTS IN DENMARK STATUS 2014-15 A SUMMARY Organisation: Jonas Christoffersen (Director), Louise Holck, Christoffer Badse, Anja Møller Pedersen, Lucienne Josephine Lokjær Jorgensen and Helle Schaumann ISBN: 978-87-93241-08-4 EAN: 9788793241084 © 2015 The Danish Institute for Human Rights Denmark’s National Human Rights Institution Wilders Plads 8K DK-1403 Copenhagen Phone +45 3269 8888 www.menneskeret.dk English translation: Steven Sampson Layout: Hedda Bank Printing: Rosendahls A/S Publications from the Danish Institute for Human Rights may be freely quoted as long as the sources is clearly acknowledged. We aim to ensure that our publications are as accessible as possible. We use a large font, short lines, few hyphenations, ragged margins and strong contrasts. IMR_Status2014_UK_01.indd 2 13/05/15 17.04 CONTENTS FOREWORD 4 1 INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN RIGHTS 5 2 IMPLEMENTATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS 7 3 ASYLUM 10 4 CHILDREN 13 5 DATA PROTECTION 16 6 ETHNIC ORIGIN 19 7 FAMILY LIFE 22 8 ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL 25 9 DEPRIVATION OF LIBERTY 28 10 DISABILITY 32 11 GENDER 35 12 USE OF FORCE 39 13 HUMAN TRAFFICKING 41 14 RELIGION 43 15 FAIR TRIAL 46 16 THE RIGHT TO HOUSING 49 17 CITIZENSHIP 52 18 EDUCATION 55 19 EXPULSION AND EXTRADITION 57 20 ARMED CONFLICT 60 21 FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION 62 22 THE ELDERLY 65 3 IMR_Status2014_UK_01.indd 3 13/05/15 17.04 HUMAN RIGHTS IN DENMARK FOREWORD When we in Denmark compare ourselves with initiatives that have an immediate impact on many other countries, we can conclude that developments in the respective sector. -
Table of Contents 9 March 2021
Danish contribution to the 2021 Rule of Law Report Date: Table of contents 9 March 2021 I. Justice System .......................................................................................................5 A. Independence ...................................................................................................5 1. Appointment and selection of judges, prosecutors and court presidents .....5 2. Irremovability of judges; including transfers, dismissal and retirement regime of judges, court presidents and prosecutors .........................................5 3. Promotion of judges and prosecutors ...........................................................6 4. Allocation of cases in courts ........................................................................6 5. Independence (including composition and nomination of its members), and powers of the body tasked with safeguarding the independence of the judiciary (e.g. Council for the Judiciary) ........................................................................6 6. Accountability of judges and prosecutors, including disciplinary regime and bodies and ethical rules, judicial immunity and criminal liability of judges. ..6 7. Remuneration/bonuses for judges and prosecutors ......................................8 8. Independence/autonomy of the prosecution service ....................................9 9. Independence of the Bar (chamber/association of lawyers) and of lawyers 9 10. Significant developments capable of affecting the perception that the general public has of the