Working the World with Ham Digital Modes

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Working the World with Ham Digital Modes Working the World with Ham Digital Modes By Larry Van Horn, N5FPW urn on your television set here in the output, and the sound card line input to the audio States and you won’t have to wait long output of the radio. You can use the transceiver T for a commercial promoting the lat- VOX to switch from receive to transmit and est text messaging plan for various cellular back. You can learn more about this method telephone services. In fact, texting is the “in” on the WM2U website (see our resource guide, thing to do these days. Walk around the office, Table 2). at school, in a restaurant and you will see that If you want to roll your own interface, Jack, everybody is texting. KE0VH, has an interesting website with infor- But texting isn’t limited to just a cellphone mation on building a computer to transceiver or Blackberry. You might be surprised to learn interface. If you can read a schematic, have a that in the ham radio world we have been texting few junk parts and can handle a soldering iron, Saratoga’s EZ PSK USB Interface long before it became popular among other por- then his ham brewed project may be just what tions of our populace. you need to get into the fun of digital ham radio to keep up with the rapid changes in the ham With the advent of more powerful comput- without breaking the bank. digital world. If you want the latest information ers and the sound card, hams have been texting If you have two thumbs, burn yourself I recommend subscribing to the Digital Radio using digital modes since the end of 1998. Peter frequently with a soldering iron, or just have newsgroup based on the Yahoo website (see Martinez, G3PLX, was the first amateur to ex- some cash to spare, you can purchase one of the resource guide). ploit the computer sound card by creating the commercial interface units that are available in On the other hand, there are some digital PSK31 mode, a keyboard to keyboard digital the ham radio marketplace. Manufacturers such modes that are the staple of the digital ham com- mode that lets amateurs text each other via radio. as MFJ, RigExperts, Saratoga, Tigertronics, and munity. CW and RTTY are still widely used. Since that milestone event, sound cards have West Mountain Radio all make inexpensive in- These modes are widely supported by quite a become more powerful and versatile, resulting terface units (see our link to the DX Zone Digital few of the software decoder packages in our in digital communications becoming one of the and Packet Radio Resource Guide). sampler in Table 2. fastest growing segments of the amateur radio When setting up to transmit or receive, Other modes that have been in common use hobby. sound card digital modes are used using upper by the amateur radio community over a number In this article we will explore some of the side band (USB). Do not use LSB. The older, of years include: AMTOR, APRS, Clover, G- newer digital modes currently being used by not more conventional digital modes such as Clover, TOR, Packet, PACTOR I (DOS freeware pack- only the amateur radio community, but some RTTY, PACKET, AMTOR and PACTOR typi- age that requires a PSA chip set sound card and other inhabitants of the HF spectrum as well. cally use LSB. will not do Airmail, Sailmail or WinLink2000), Before we move on, there is one important and Slow Scan Television (SSTV). What do I need to get point that needs to be mentioned. Most of the A lot of reference material is already avail- problems in setting up the computer, interface, able on the Internet and in printed form regarding started? and radio can be attributed to the proper setup of these modes, so I won’t cover them in-depth If all you want to do is to receive some the sound card and mixer panels on the computer. in this article. If you want more information digital communications or if you are a shortwave Del Schier, K1UHF, wrote an excellent article on radio listener, all you will need is a computer all of this in the October 2003 issue of QST. equipped with a sound card, an audio cable, a The good people at West Mountain Radio Key to Abbreviations/Acronyms shortwave receiver with SSB capability, and have made this article available in Adobe PDF BPSK Binary Phase-Shift Keying a soundcard software package (see Table 1) form on their website. I highly recommend you CW Continuous Wave (aka Morse code) that will decode the digital stream you want to download this file (link in our Resource Guide) DSP Digital Signal Processing receive. and study it thoroughly. It will save you a lot of FEC Forward Error Correction If you are a licensed amateur radio opera- time and grief when you start setting up your IFK Incremental Frequency Keying tor, replace the receiver with a transceiver, add MFSK Multi-Frequency Shift Keying station to work the various digital sound card PSK Phase Shift Keying a hardware interface between the computer and modes. QPSK Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying the transceiver, and you can get in on the fun of QRM Interference working the world via digital modes. QRP Low Power The simplest and quickest computer to ham Digital Modes RTTY Radio Teletype radio interface is to connect the line output from The rate of software and hardware develop- SSB Single Side Band the sound card to the transceiver audio input with ment has moved so fast that it is nearly impos- WARC World Administrative Radio Con- ference a 100:1 voltage divider to reduce the voltage sible for even an article with short turn-around May 2008 MONITORING TIMES 9 on these modes, an excellent reference is the MT63: MT63 500 Hz (5.0 baud) MT63 pseudo-122.5 baud (one “pixel” is 8.163 ARRL’s HF Digital Handbook by Steve Ford, 1000 Hz (10.0 baud) MT63 2000 Hz (20.0 ms long). WB8IMY (see the February MT What’s New baud) PSK Hell encodes the pixel’s brightness in Q15X25: Q15X25 (15 x 83.333 baud) the carrier phase instead of the amplitude. column, page 74). Strictly speaking, it’s encoded in the change of the phase (differential phase shift keying): The Sound Card Revolution You can expect to find PSK digital com- an unchanged phase in the beginning of a It was the mode that started the amateur munication in and around the following HF/ pixel means white, and a reversed phase radio sound card digital mode revolution and is VHF/UHF frequencies: means black. It operates at 105 or 245 still today the big daddy of them all: the PSK31 baud. It has the same traits as standard mode. HF – 1838 3580 7035 (ITU Region 1) 7070 PSK31 including its great sensitivity. Great Phase modulation communication modes 10140 14070 18100 21080 24925 for DX work in bad QRM. It is, however, have many more advantages than the CW 28120 kHz sensitive to drift. VHF/UHF – 50.290 144.144 222.070 FM Hell uses frequency modulation with a mode, which uses amplitude (On/Off) keying. 432.200 and 909 MHz careful control of phase, essentially mini- In a noisy or distorted propagation environ- mum-shift keying. ment, the amplitude of a signal will shift and Duplo Hell is a dual tone mode which sends vary much more than the phase of a signal. A CHIP off the old PSK block. two columns at a time at different frequen- When compared to CW, PSK31 is a much more One of the PSK modes mentioned above cies (980 Hz and 1225/1470 Hz). Wide reliable operating mode. that is heard occasionally in the ham bands shift, but better immunity to noise. LSB is the CHIP 64/128 mode. CHIP 64/128 is a recommended. PSK31 uses a varicode character coding C/MT Hell or concurrent multitone Hell sends that provides the operator with a top data rate of Direct Sequence Spread Sequence (DSSS) all rows at the same time using tones at around 50 wpm (31.25 baud). Instead of using mode using an original algorithm. CHIP 64/128 different frequencies. The transmission can FSK or on/off keying, PSK31 uses Binary or is a very robust mode, getting through when be read using an FFT display. It allows for Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying with a Viterbi conditions are poor. high resolutions. Not very sensitive, but it decoder. Based on a RTTY style of operation, In the United States, 7090.0 kHz USB has great noise immunity. appears to be the most active frequency CHIP S/MT Hell or sequential multitone Hell is like this mode is most useful for live keyboard C/MT but with a discrete number of tones to keyboard conversations at 31.25 baud (31 frequency, but 14077.0 and 14110.0 kHz have (characters are restricted to 5x7 pixels). Hz bandwidth). It is easy to use and monitor, also been reported. Slowfeld is a very slow mode (2 characters per highly immune to noise and QRM, and is suit- Be aware that on 7090.0 kHz there is also minute) intended for beacon use. able for low power (QRP) operations. Olivia (see section below) activity. Olivia has a chirpy sounding tone, a kind of combination of MFSK16 and SSTV sounding signals. Chip 64 is nothing like this: It is more a “whooshing” or “roaring” white noise type of signal, not as low in tone as MT63.
Recommended publications
  • PSK31, MT63, and Hellschreiber
    Digital Modes: the Future of Amateur Radio? An introduction to PSK31, MT63, and Hellschreiber John DeGood NU3E Trenton Computer Festival Sun 7 May 2000 1 PSK31 • Invented by Peter Martinez, G3PLX • First PC soundcard version 26 Dec 1998 • Intended for live keyboard-to-keyboard QSO • Uses varicode character coding for 50 wpm • Easy to use and monitor • Gives very good copy under low Eb/No numbers and is thus suitable for QRP 2 PSK31 (continued) • Instead of using FSK or on/off keying, uses BPSK or QPSK with a Viterbi decoder • Is available for free for many platforms, including Windows with soundcard • Uses advanced DSP and narrow bandwidth (31.25 Hz) techniques • Tx duty cycle is 50% idle, 90% maximum • The greatest activity is around 14070.15 3 Bandwidth BPSK QPSK Spectra obtained with EvmSpec (from PSK31 homepage) 4 PSK31 Operation • BPSK is generally used for calling CQ and routine operation • QPSK gives much better performance with fading and flutter • QPSK has an 800 msec one-way delay, or 1.6 sec round-trip • PSK31 requires a synth or stable VFO rig – BPSK tuning needs to be within 8 Hz – QPSK tuning needs to be within 4 Hz 5 MT63 • Developed by Patwel Jolocha SP9VRC • Encodes information using 63 modulated tones • Sounds unusual, like a roaring noise • No connection process, as in AMTOR, Packet, or PACTOR • Outstanding performance when conditions are both weak and unstable. 6 MT63 (continued) • Spreads signal in time (several seconds) and space (500-2000 Hz) • Forward Error Correction (7-bit ASCII encoded into 64 bits using a Walsh
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  • Technical Handbook for Radio Monitoring HF
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  • The LANDLINE the Newsletter of the COPPER COUNTRY RADIO AMATEUR ASSOCIATION, INC
    Volume 24 Number 01 January 2007 The LANDLINE The Newsletter of the COPPER COUNTRY RADIO AMATEUR ASSOCIATION, INC. P.O. BOX 217 DOLLAR BAY, MICHIGAN 49922-0217 Visit us on the World Wide Web: www.ccraa.net Membership:”Time to Join or Renew” 2007 CCRAA membership form is available via the Web page at http://www.ccraa.net/start.html. Also attached form with this issue of CCRAA newsletter. Howard(KD8ABP) FOR SALE: Wilson tri-band beam $80. Also, all books going for 50% off. Contact: Stanley F. Strangle, K8NYT at Bruce Crossing, MI (906) 827-3526 or (906) 390-3526 (cell phone) Web-Site: The below web address was provide by Gary(K8YSZ) www.rfcafe.com. PROGRAM FOR JANUARY: A program on the FCC's WT Docket 04-140 (Omnibus Band Plan), and their WT Docket 05-235 (Dropping the Morse code) will be presented by Geo., W8FWG * AO-51 "Echo" is now carrier-access: AO-51 "Echo" satellite users no longer need to transmit a 67-Hz CTCSS subaudible tone to enable the satellite's transponder. AMSAT Vice President of Operations Drew Glasbrenner, KO4MA, reports AO-51 is now a carrier-access satellite. The change was aimed at improving worldwide access to AO-51, especially from those areas where CTCSS-equipped transceivers are less common. Check the AO-51 operating schedule <http://www.amsat.org/amsat- new/echo/ControlTeam.php> *before* using the satellite! -- AMSAT News Service HAMFEST: Michigan, Negaunee (FEB 3) Flea Market,Dealers/Vendors 9am-1pm Hiawatha ARA, Negaunee Township Hall, 42 Hwy M-35. Swap & Shop, Refreshments, TI 147.270 (100Hz) Adm:$4, Tables:$6 POC: Robert Serfas, N8PKN, 1600 Bayview Dr., Marquette, MI 49855; 906-225-6773; [email protected]; www.qsl.net/k8lod/.
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  • 16.1 Digital “Modes”
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  • HF Digital Communications
    HF Digital Communications How to work those strange sounds you hear on the air John Clements KC9ON Stephen H. Smith WA8LMF Joe Miller KJ8O John Mathieson AC8JW Brian Johnston W8TFI 1 May 2014 Contents Introductions Why Digital? Digital Modes of Operation Hardware : Radio, Computer, and interfaces Contents Software Tips and Tricks Q&A Introductions John Clements KC9ON Licensed in 1979 at age 16 Retired from electronics manufacturing and IT systems Active experimenter and home brewer [email protected] Introductions Stephen Smith WA8LMF Land-Mobile-Radio Systems & Field Engineer Ham since 1964 [email protected] Introductions Joe Miller KJ8O SWL since 1967, first licensed in 2006 and collects QSL cards President of OCARS (W8TNO) Certified Public Accountant [email protected] Introductions Brian Johnston W8TFI Licensed in 1976 Computer operator for a major newspaper Avid experimenter and home brewer [email protected] Introductions John Mathieson AC8JW Licensed since about 2005 Active in CW and digital modes [email protected] Why Digital? Send and receive text, images, data, and audio Some modes work very well in noisy and weak signal environments If you can’t hear them you can’t work them is no longer true! Why Digital? Some modes can provide error free or reduced error transmissions. Good for Emergency Communications Why Digital? Many modes use smaller bandwidths than voice 97.1(b) contribute to the advancement of the radio art. 97.313(a) use the minimum transmitter power necessary to carry out the desired
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